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Some of the best surveys of medieval European education are contained in the general histories of education listed at the beginning of this bibliography. On elementary and grammar schooling of the period, the first major work was A.F. Leach, The Schools of Medieval England (1915, reprinted 1969). Also important are Joan Simon, Education and Society in Tudor England (1966, reprinted 1979), which also covers the Renaissance and the Reformation; John William Adamson, The Illiterate Anglo-Saxon: And Other Essays on Education, Medieval and Modern (1946, reprinted 1977); and Nicholas Orme, English Schools in the Middle Ages (1973). For higher learning, see R.R. Bolgar, The Classical Heritage and Its Beneficiaries (1954, reprinted 1977); Charles Homer Haskins, The Rise of Universities (1923, reprinted 1976); Hastings Rashdall, The Universities of Europe in the Middle Ages, new ed., ed. by F.M. Powicke and A.B. Emden, 3 vol. (1936, reprinted 1987), a standard work; Helene Wieruszowski, The Medieval University: Masters, Students, Learning (1966); and Alan B. Cobban, The Medieval Universities: Their Development and Organization (1975). Relevant monographs are William J. Courtenay, Schools & Scholars in Fourteenth-Century England (1987); David Knowles, The Evolution of Medieval Thought, 2nd ed. (1988); and Nancy G. Siraisi, Arts and Sciences at Padua: The Studium of Padua Before 1350 (1973).
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