European and North African bird of the pigeon family, Columbidae (order Columbiformes), that is the namesake of its genus. The turtledove is 28 cm (11 inches) long. Its body is reddish brown, the head is blue-gray, and the tail is marked with a white tip. It is a ground feeder that eats prodigious amounts of small seeds. A migratory species, it winters in northern Africa.
The name turtledove is commonly applied to the other Streptopelia species, including collared doves (S. decaocto) and ring-necked doves (S. capicola). These slim-bodied, fast-flying gamebirds are found throughout the temperate and tropical Old World. The ringed turtledove, or ringdove, is a domestic variant of S. turtur that now has feral New World populations in California and Florida; it is sometimes given species status as S. risoria. The laughing dove (S. senegalensis) and spotted dove (S. chinensis) have also been introduced outside their native habitats. The use of the term turtle in this pigeon’s common name is derived from the sound of its call; the bird has no association with shelled reptiles.
Aspects of this topic are discussed in the following places at Britannica.
The mourning dove (Zenaidura macroura) of North America and the turtledove (Streptopelia turtur) and stock dove (Columba oenas) of Europe rarely take green vegetation, do not feed in trees, and so are examples of the trend toward complete ground feeding. These doves subsist almost entirely on seeds collected from low herbage or the ground. In winter such food sources become...
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