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...and her children. Duplicate Keys, a mystery novel, appeared in 1984. The Greenlanders (1988) is a sweeping epic centred on a 14th-century family, the Gunnarssons. A Thousand Acres (1991; film 1997), which won a Pulitzer Prize, is Smiley’s best-known novel. Modeled on William Shakespeare’s King Lear, it focuses on the Cook family ...

collection of Oriental stories of uncertain date and authorship whose tales of Aladdin, Ali Baba, and Sindbad the Sailor have almost become part of Western folklore....

...dynasty (ad 618–907). Eighth-century remains have been found in desert oases around Turfan in the Uighur Autonomous Region of Sinkiang, China, and late T’ang fragments have been found in the Caves of the Thousand Buddhas (Ch’ien-fo-tung or Mo-kao-k’u) near the town of Tun-Huang in Kansu Province. It is thought that these weavings are probably not repres...

Other Nominees...

Trincomalee was in early times a major settlement of Indo-Aryan immigrants, who built the Temple of a Thousand Columns at the extremity of the peninsula. The first Europeans to occupy the town were the Portuguese in the 17th century; they razed the temple, using its stone to construct a fort. The port’s harbour changed hands repeatedly among the Dutch, French, and British until the British....

(1899–1903), Colombian civil war between Liberals and Conservatives that resulted in between 60,000 and 130,000 deaths, extensive property damage, and national economic ruin....

campaign undertaken in 1860 by Giuseppe Garibaldi that overthrew the Bourbon Kingdom of the Two Sicilies (Naples) and permitted the union of southern Italy and Sicily with the north. The expedition was one of the most dramatic events of the Risorgimento (movement for Italian unification) and was the archetype modern insurrection and popular ...

...are often highly seasoned with crumbled blue cheese; green onions, garlic, anchovy paste, tarragon, and parsley (green goddess dressing); catsup, minced onion, olives, onion, parsley, and egg (Thousand Island dressing); and so on. The commercial “French” dressing widely used in the United States is a sweet, pungent mixture flavoured with tomato and vinegar....

group of more than 1,500 small isles in the St. Lawrence River, North America, extending for a distance of 80 miles (128 km) from the Prince Edward Peninsula to Brockville, Ont., Can. Those on the west side, including Amherst, Wolfe (49 square miles [127 square km], the largest), Howe, Simcoe, and Grenadier, are mostly Canadian; those on the east, including Grindstone, Wells, and Carleton, are in...

city, Ventura county, southern California, U.S. Situated in the Conejo (Spanish: “Rabbit”) Valley along the Ventura–Los Angeles county line, it lies 40 miles (60 km) west of Los Angeles. Originally inhabited by Chumash Indians, the area was reached in 1542 by the Spanish explorer Juan Rodríguez Cabrillo...

...The temple is composed of seven rectangular enclosures, one within the other, the outermost having a perimeter more than 2 miles (3 km) in length. A remarkable feature of the temple is the Hall of a Thousand Pillars with its colonnade of rearing horses. The temple and 1,000-pillared hall were constructed in the Vijayanagar period (1336–1565) on the site of an older temple. Pop.......

Volume 2 of Capitalism and Schizophrenia, A Thousand Plateaus (1980), is characterized by a self-consciously disjointed, paratactic style of philosophical inquiry, reflecting the authors’ conviction that the “linear” organization of traditional philosophy represents an incipient form of social control. The work is presented as a study in what Deleuze ...

...a loosely fitting lead ball came to rest. Ramrod blows expanded the soft lead at the mouth of the chamber so that, when fired, the bullet fit the rifling tightly. In 1844 another French officer, Louis-Étienne de Thouvenin, introduced yet a better method for expanding bullets. His carabine à tige embodied a post or pillar (tige) at the breech against which the......

ancient and modern region of the southeastern Balkans....

...of gladiators, distinguished by their arms or modes of fighting. The Samnites fought with the national weapons—a large oblong shield, a visor, a plumed helmet, and a short sword. The Thraces (“Thracians”) had a small round buckler and a dagger curved like a scythe; they were generally pitted against the mirmillones, who were armed in Gallic fashion with...

ancient and modern region of the southeastern Balkans....

...populated well before the Neolithic Period (New Stone Age; about 10,000 years ago). At the dawn of recorded history, two Indo-European peoples dominated the area: the Illyrians to the west and the Thracians to the east of the great historical divide defined by the Morava and Vardar river valleys. The Thracians were advanced in metalworking and in horsemanship. They intermingled with the Greeks....

language spoken by the inhabitants of Thrace primarily in pre-Greek and early Greek times. Generally assumed to be an Indo-European language, Thracian is known from proper names, glosses in Greek writings, and a small number of inscriptions, some of which appear on coins; these sources date from as early as the 6th century bc. Thracian is thought by many scholars to be related to th...

...save for a few remnants, including the Welsh, the Gaelic speakers of the Scottish Highlands and western Ireland, and the Celtic-speaking Bretons of the northwestern Brittany peninsula of France. The Thraco-Illyrian branch of the Indo-European languages formerly was spoken throughout the Balkan Peninsula north of Greece. It survives solely in the Albanian language....

ancient and modern region of the southeastern Balkans....

English writer and friend of Samuel Johnson....

English writer and friend of Samuel Johnson....

...and also perhaps in Kent), possibly freed slaves, possibly the survivors of an earlier conquered population who enjoyed limited rights but did not usually play an active part in the courts; and the thralls, slaves either captured in war, condemned to their state by the law, or reduced to it by penury. Such bondsmen might sometimes have their own huts, plots of land, and houses and therefore......

teacher, journalist, and socialist leader who was the initiator of the Thrane movement in Norway that sought to better the condition of urban and rural labourers....

teacher, journalist, and socialist leader who was the initiator of the Thrane movement in Norway that sought to better the condition of urban and rural labourers....

The two parishes (towns) of Oundle and Thrapston, farther north in the Nene valley, serve as local market centres for adjacent stone-built villages in this mixed-farming area. Oundle, containing fine examples of 17th- and 18th-century town houses and 17th-century hostelries, is being preserved. Remnants of the Rockingham Forest, a former royal hunting preserve, are in the western part of the......

...launched a general persecution of the Latin church, apparently from genuine religious fanaticism rather than for political reasons, but his successor adopted a milder policy. Later, under Thrasamund (496–523), there is evidence that many Vandals adopted Roman culture, but the tribe retained its identity until the Byzantine reconquest....

Roman senator who was famous for his opposition to the emperor Nero....

any of numerous New World birds with downcurved bills, noted for noisy foraging on the ground in dense thickets and for loud varied songs. The 17 species, of the family Mimidae (order Passeriformes), range from the Canadian northwest to central Mexico and east to New England and the Caribbean. Best known is the brown thrasher (Toxostoma rufum) of North America east of the Rockies—a 3...

Athenian general and democratic leader....

...which ended in the death of Hamilcar at the Battle of Himera in 480 bc. Four years later, the citizens of Himera appealed to Hieron of Syracuse for aid against the oppressive rule of Theron’s son, Thrasydaeus, but this only led to the citizens’ massacre by Theron and a resettlement of the town with Dorians. Himera was finally destroyed in 409 by Hamilcar’s gra...

...practical affairs naturally led them to develop views about ethics. The recurrent theme in the views of the better-known Sophists, such as Protagoras, Antiphon (c. 480–411 bc), and Thrasymachus (flourished late 5th century bc), is that what is commonly called good and bad or just and unjust does not reflect any objective fact of nature but is rather a m...

any of numerous songbirds of New World forests and gardens, chiefly in the tropics, constituting most of the subfamily Thraupinae (formerly Tanagrinae), of the family Emberizidae. The subfamily includes 200 to 220 species, confined to the Americas....

any of numerous songbirds of New World forests and gardens, chiefly in the tropics, constituting most of the subfamily Thraupinae (formerly Tanagrinae), of the family Emberizidae. The subfamily includes 200 to 220 species, confined to the Americas....

...and purple. The euphonias (Tanagra species) are found from Mexico southward; they should not be confused with Tangara species (above). Of the eight species of Thraupis, the blue, or blue-gray, tanager (Th. episcopus, sometimes virens) is common from Mexico to Peru and is introduced in Florida....

...and purple. The euphonias (Tanagra species) are found from Mexico southward; they should not be confused with Tangara species (above). Of the eight species of Thraupis, the blue, or blue-gray, tanager (Th. episcopus, sometimes virens) is common from Mexico to Peru and is introduced in Florida....

...of gladiators, distinguished by their arms or modes of fighting. The Samnites fought with the national weapons—a large oblong shield, a visor, a plumed helmet, and a short sword. The Thraces (“Thracians”) had a small round buckler and a dagger curved like a scythe; they were generally pitted against the mirmillones, who were armed in Gallic fashion with...

tightly twisted ply yarn having a circular cross section and used in commercial and home sewing machines and for hand sewing. Thread is usually wound on spools, with thread size, or degree of fineness, indicated on the spool end....

Designing software as a group of cooperating processes has been made simpler by the concept of “threads.” A single process may contain several executable programs (threads) that work together as a coherent whole. One thread might, for example, handle error signals, another might send a message about the error to the user, while a third thread is executing the actual task of the......

object usually made of two sticks bound together in the shape of a cross, with coloured threads wound around their ends to resemble a cobweb, used in Tibetan rituals to entrap evil spirits. Similar thread crosses have been encountered in areas bordering Tibet and in South Africa, Peru, Australia, and Sweden....

The thread-legged bug (Emesa brevipennis) is about 33 mm (1.3 inches) long and is usually found on trees or in old buildings. It has long, threadlike middle and hindlegs, while the shorter, thicker front legs are modified into viselike grasping organs....

...dressed as an ascetic and brought before his guru (personal spiritual guide), who invests him with a deerskin to use as an upper garment, a staff, and the sacred thread (upavita, or yajnopavita). The thread, consisting of a loop made of three symbolically knotted and twisted strands of cotton cord, is replaced......

...Paleocene of Texas.Superfamily Leptotyphlopoidea Family Leptotyphlopidae (worm snakes or thread snakes)105 species in 2 genera of the southwestern United States to South America, Africa, and southwestern Asia. Size very small, 7–35 cm. ...

any of a group of large, common, solitary (nonsocial) wasps in the family Sphecidae (order Hymenoptera) that are named for the stalklike anterior (front) end of the abdomen. Thread-waisted wasps are typically more than 2.5 cm (about 1 inch) long and are parasitic on insects and spiders. The host is often numbed by malaxation, a pinching or crushing of the neck by the wasp’s pincerlike jaws,...

...posterior wings narrowed, elongated to twice anterior wing length. Larvae short, broad; with incurved jaws; varied in form, distinct from other neuropterans.Family Nemopteridae (thread-winged or spoon-winged lacewings)Adults delicate; head snoutlike; antennae short; posterior wings greatly elongated, ribbonlik...

any of about 24 species of marine fishes of the family Polynemidae (order Perciformes), widely distributed along warm seashores, often over sand. Threadfins have two well-separated dorsal fins and a forked tail, and are usually silvery in colour. Their name refers to their pectoral fins, each of which is divided into an upper, normally shaped fin and a lower section consisting of four to seven lo...

The African pompano, or threadfish, also of the family Carangidae, is Alectis crinitis of the Atlantic and eastern Pacific oceans. It is about 90 cm long and, especially when young, has very long, threadlike rays extending from the dorsal and anal fins....

African-American improviser, composer, and bandleader, an important figure in free jazz in the late 20th century....

African-American improviser, composer, and bandleader, an important figure in free jazz in the late 20th century....

worm belonging to the order Oxyurida (phylum Aschelminthes). Pinworms are common human intestinal parasites, especially in children. They are also found in other vertebrates. Male pinworms are 2 to 5 mm (about 0.08 to 0.2 inch) long; females range in length from 8 to 13 mm. The long tails of the worms give them a pinlike appearance....

(Strongyloides stercoralis), worm of the class Nematoda (phylum Aschelminthes) that is parasitic in the human intestine but is able to live freely and breed in the soil. It is especially common in the moist tropics....

...it is easy to explain why animals fight: they do so to gain access to valuable resources. A more difficult question to answer is why conflicts are often resolved conventionally, by displays and threats, rather than by out-and-out fighting. For example, why does a stag, instead of using its antlers in an all-out bid for victory, withdraw from a fight after an exchange of roars, thus leaving......

survivalist animal behaviour that includes aggression, defense, and avoidance. The term is favoured by biologists who recognize that the behavioral bases and stimuli for approach and fleeing are often the same, the actual behaviour exhibited depending on other factors, especially the distance to the stimulus....

...in all but a few of the northernmost states. By the late 1980s, these measures had enabled the birds to replenish their numbers in the wild. The bald eagle was reclassified from endangered to threatened status in 1995, by which time there were an estimated 4,500 nesting pairs in the lower 48 states. By 2000 the population had increased to more than 6,300 pairs, and the species was being......

...on the eastern slopes of the Snowy Mountains near Mt. Kosciusko and flowing about 270 mi (435 km) southeast, then west and south to Bass Strait at Marlo. Its chief tributaries are the Eucumbene, Thredbo, and Bombala rivers in New South Wales and the Buchan in Victoria....

The number 3 is a very mystical and spiritual number featured in many folktales (three wishes, three guesses, three little pigs, three bears, three billy goats gruff). In ancient Babylon the three primary gods were Anu, Bel (Baal), and Ea, representing Heaven, Earth, and the Abyss. Similarly, there were three aspects to the Egyptian sun god: Khepri (rising), Re (midday), and Atum (setting). In......

British politician, educational and agrarian reformer whose land policy was summarized in the slogan “three acres and a cow.”...

...accompanied the Hidatsa to a new settlement near Fort Berthold in 1845; others followed later, as did members of the Arikara tribe. The Mandan, Hidatsa, and Arikara eventually became known as the Three Affiliated Tribes....

...from 1836 when Christian Jürgensen Thomsen, a Danish archaeologist, was faced with the task of exhibiting an undocumented collection of clearly ancient tools and implements. Thomsen used three categories of materials—stone, bronze, and iron—to represent what he felt had been the ordered succession of technological development. The idea has since been formalized in the......

...a poetic Arcadian world where nothing commonplace or sordid exists. The inspiration lies in the idyllic world of the love lyrics of the 16th-century Italian poets Jacopo Sannazzaro and Pietro Bembo. The Three Ages of Man, where the erotic relationship of the young couple is discreetly muted and a mood of tenderness and sadness prevails, is one of the most exquisite....

...societies, religious associations, and the KMT in early 1951. In late 1951 and early 1952, three major political campaigns brought the revolutionary essence of the CCP home to key urban groups. The Three-Antis campaign targeted communist cadres who had become too close to China’s capitalists. The Five-Antis campaign was aimed at the capitalists themselves and brought them into line on ch...

A more complex form of protractor, designed for plotting the position of a ship on navigational charts, was invented in 1801 by Joseph Huddart, a U.S. naval captain. This instrument, called a three-arm protractor, or station pointer, is composed of a circular scale connected to three arms. The centre arm is fixed, while the outer two are rotatable, capable of being set at any angle relative to......

...species, the legs and tail. In all but one species the carapace is nearly hairless. The carapace is made of bony transverse bands covered with tough scales that are derived from skin tissue. The three-, six-, and nine-banded armadillos are named for the number of movable bands in their armour. Only one species, the nine-banded armadillo, Dasypus novemcinctus (see photograph), is found......

the total canon of the southern schools of Buddhism, somewhat pejoratively dubbed Hīnayāna (Lesser Vehicle) by the self-styled Mahāyāna (Greater Vehicle) schools; for the latter, the canon constitutes a preliminary body of teachings, analogous to the Old Testament in Christianity. The books of this southern canon were nearly all written in India within 500 years of the ...

...of Charlemagne divided his empire in the Treaty of Verdun. Conquered by German invaders in the 10th century, it was later linked with Metz and Toul to form the Trois-Évêchés (Three Bishoprics) territory. In 1552 the French king Henry II took over the three bishoprics, and France’s ownership was confirmed in 1648 by the Peace of Westphalia. In 1792 Verdun was besieged...

...short stories, biography, history, and criticism. His work is distinguished for the Baroque lushness of its descriptive passages and its often penetrating psychological insights. Of his novels, The Three Black Pennys (1917), the story of three generations of the wealthy, mine-owning Penny family; Java Head (1919); and Balisand (1924) are considered his best. In 1921 a......

in astronomy, the problem of determining the motion of three celestial bodies moving under no influence other than that of their mutual gravitation. No general solution of this problem (or the more general problem involving more than three bodies) is possible....

...but his style is more classical, though much less brilliant and individual. Cyprian’s letters are a mine of information about a fascinating juncture in church history. His collections of Three Books of Testimonies to Quirinus, or authoritative scripture texts, illustrate the church’s reliance on these in defending its theological and ethical positions. A work that has been ...

...1598 Italian jurist Alberico Gentili (1552–1608), considered the originator of the secular school of thought in international law, published De jure belli libri tres (1598; Three Books on the Law of War), which contained a comprehensive discussion of the laws of war and treaties. Gentili’s work initiated a transformation of the law of nature from a theolo...

...synthesize all their cell constituents using carbon dioxide as the carbon source. The most common pathways for synthesizing organic compounds from carbon dioxide are the reductive pentose phosphate (Calvin) cycle, the reductive tricarboxylic acid cycle, and the acetyl-CoA pathway (see photosynthesis: The process of photosynthesis: carbon fixation and reduction). The Calvin cycle, elucida...

Three-card poker is a house-banked stud game in which three cards are dealt facedown to each player and the dealer. Each player makes two initial bets, one bet placed on a centre circle and the other placed on an ante square. The centre circle bet can be won if the player’s three cards show certain values—e.g., the player wins 2 to 1 for a pair or 5 to 1 for a three-card straight. Th...

...an MO treatment of the molecule deals with it as a whole, chemists find it helpful to focus on this novel feature and to consider each B−H−B moiety as an example of a three-centre, two-electron bond (a 3c,2e bond, as shown in Figure 19). They regard diborane as three atoms held together by a pair of electrons delocalized over three atoms but are aware that this......

The central government consisted of two supreme organs: the Three Chancelleries (Samsŏng) and the Royal Secretariat (Chungch’uwŏn). These two formed the Supreme Council of State. Koryŏ politics was thus centred in the aristocratic council. Officials above the fifth grade were given land for permanent possession. Even the land supposed to be returned was actually handed ...

...formula) offended Rome by suggesting that Monophysite criticism of Chalcedon might be justified; (2) under the emperor Justinian the Chalcedonian definition was glossed by condemning the “Three Chapters,” which includes the writings of Theodore of Mopsuestia, Theodoret, and Ibas, all strong critics of Cyril of Alexandria’s theology and of Monophysitism; the Syrian Monophysi...

...history in a short version full of moralistic judgments, prepared other extensive writings and sayings of his own, and opened the way for an elementary catechism, titled the Sanzijing (“Three Character Classics”), that conveyed the entire value system of this school in simple language for what approximated mass education....

Zola’s final series of novels, Les Trois Villes (1894–98; The Three Cities) and Les Quatre Évangiles (1899–1903; The Four Gospels) are generally conceded to be far less forceful than his earlier work. However, the titles of the novels in the latter series reveal the value...

...LanceStory and Screenplay: Budd Schulberg for On the WaterfrontCinematography, Black-and-White: Boris Kaufman for On the WaterfrontCinematography, Color: Milton Krasner for Three Coins in the FountainArt Direction, Black-and-White: Richard Day for On the WaterfrontArt Direction, Color: John Meehan for 20,000 Leagues Under the SeaMusic Score of a......

...Score of a Dramatic or Comedy Picture: Dimitri Tiomkin for The High and the MightyScoring of a Musical Picture: Saul Chaplin and Adolph Deutsch for Seven Brides for Seven BrothersSong: “Three Coins in the Fountain” from Three Coins in the Fountain; music by Jule Styne, lyrics by Sammy CahnHonorary Award: Bausch & Lomb Optical Company, Greta Garbo, Danny...

Modern colour printing, done with either three or four plates, each using a different colour of ink and overprinting the others, is based on a subtractive system of colours in which intermediate hues are obtained by some combination of two or more of the subtractive, or secondary, colours. The best colour printing is usually done with four process colours: yellow, magenta (blue-red), cyan......

French physicist and inventor who in 1869 developed the so-called trichrome process of colour photography, a key 19th-century contribution to photography....

The provincial tile kilns also manufactured “three-coloured” (san ts’ai) wares, perhaps originally a product of the Tz’u-chou kilns. These were decorated with coloured glazes that were often kept from intermingling by threads of clay (cloisonné technique) or were used in conjunction with the pierced technique (fa hua). Others have engraved designs u...

...Solovyov (1853–1900). He blended the most personal type of visionary mysticism with an incisive humour in a manner reminiscent of Kierkegaard. His philosophical essay-dialogue-treatise, Three Conversations on War, Progress and the End of Human History (1900), is representative of the nonfictional Russian prose that, while not widely known outside Russia, is as revealing as the......

...two outstanding examples in the French composer Maurice Ravel’s Daphnis et Chloé (1912), which the composer defined as a “poème choréographique,” and The Three-cornered Hat (1919) by the Spanish composer Manuel de Falla. Distinctive original scores for ballet continued usually to be the outcome of specific commissions. Composers do not yet...

writer remembered for his novel El sombrero de tres picos (1874; The Three-Cornered Hat)....

...to some extent in the narrative works of the Sienese writer Federigo Tozzi, including Con gli occhi chiusi (1919; “With Closed Eyes”) and Tre croci (1920; Three Crosses). Tozzi, however, belongs psychologically and stylistically to the 20th century....

...object balls. In play, the object is to stroke the cue ball so that it hits the two object balls in succession, scoring a carom, or billiard, which counts one point. In a variety of the game called three-cushion billiards, the cue ball must also touch a cushion or cushions three or more times to complete a carom. Scoring a carom also entitles the player to another shot, and his turn, or inning,...

...object balls. In play, the object is to stroke the cue ball so that it hits the two object balls in succession, scoring a carom, or billiard, which counts one point. In a variety of the game called three-cushion billiards, the cue ball must also touch a cushion or cushions three or more times to complete a carom. Scoring a carom also entitles the player to another shot, and his turn, or inning,...

...were, however, again those of Picasso. In the years immediately following World War I he had painted a series of solidly modeled yet oddly ironic figure pictures. Then his mood changed, and in 1925 “The Three Dancers” (Tate Gallery, London) reintroduced an anarchic and convulsive quality. The ambiguities and transformations of his art, both in painting and sculpture, have an......

equestrian competition, testing the overall abilities of horse and rider in competition at dressage, cross-country and endurance riding, and stadium show jumping....

acute, infectious, febrile disease caused by a phlebovirus (family Bunyaviridae) and producing temporary incapacitation. It is transmitted to humans by the bloodsucking female sand fly (notably Phlebotomus papatasii, P. perniciosus, and P. perfiliewsi) and is prevalent in the moist subtropical...

...Tolstoy uses the diary form first to relate an incident, then to reflect on its timeless meaning, and finally to reflect on the process of his own reflections. “Tri smerti” (1859; “Three Deaths”) describes the deaths of a noblewoman who cannot face the fact that she is dying, of a peasant who accepts death simply, and, at last, of a tree, whose utterly natural end......

In 1964, Bell Laboratories scientists Robert Wilson and Arno Penzias detected the faint cosmic microwave background (CMB) signal left over from the original big bang, thought to have occurred 14 billion years ago. Subsequent observations of this CMB in the 1990s and 2000s with the Cosmic Background Explorer and the Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe satellites have detected fine-scale......

...material causes, and abstract general ideas; he affirmed spiritual substance; and he answered many objections to his theory and drew the consequences, theological and epistemological. His Three Dialogues between Hylas and Philonous (1713), by its attractive literary form and its avoidance of technicalities, reinforced the main argument of the Principles; the two books speak......

motion-picture process that gives a three-dimensional quality to film images. It is based on the fact that humans perceive depth by viewing with both eyes. In the 3-D process, two cameras or a twin-lensed camera are used for filming, one representing the left eye and the other the right. The two lenses are spaced about 2 12 inches (6.3 cm) apart, the same as the ...

In the 1960s a three-dimensional print was developed, essentially an illustration bearing two views, superimposed, of the same image taken from slightly different angles, on a transparent mount striped with a multitude of imperceptible parallel strips (Xograph process). On account of these strips, each eye, looking at the print from a different angle, sees only one image. The three-dimensional......

...schematically sketched in the figure, the structure consists of intermeshed, entangled polymer chains. The chain configurations are well-defined, statistically, by a mathematical trajectory called a three-dimensional random walk....

...spaces. These are sets whose elements can be added together and multiplied by arbitrary numbers, such as the family of solutions of a linear differential equation. A more familiar example is that of three-dimensional space. If one picks an origin, then every point in space can be labeled by the line segment (called a vector) joining it to the origin. Matrices appear as ways of representing......

...the stage designer should not try to produce an illusion of depth since depth is part of the theatre architecture and cannot be added by scenery. Fuchs’s view was the culmination of the search for three-dimensionality that had passed through five essential stages since the 18th century. At first, an illusion of depth was achieved by painting perspective scenery on canvas; then the ground...

...and trust. Their exemplary lives taught and encouraged the people to enter into a covenant with them so that social harmony could be achieved without punishment or coercion. Even in the Three Dynasties (Hsia, Shang, and Chou) moral authority, as expressed through ritual, was sufficient to maintain political order. The human continuum, from the undifferentiated masses to the......

elementary form of radio tube developed in 1906 (patented 1907) by Lee De Forest of the United States. It was the first vacuum tube in which a control grid (in the form of a bent wire) was added between the anode plate and the cathode filament. The control grid enabled De Forest to modulate the current between the filament and the plate, pro...