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Pretenders, The (play by Ibsen)
...illusions, was violently unpopular, but it expressed an authentic theme of anti-idealism that Ibsen would soon make his own; and in Kongsemnerne (1863; The Pretenders) he dramatized the mysterious inner authority that makes a man a man, a king, or a great playwright. This one play was in fact the national drama after which Ibsen had been......
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pretensioning (construction)
Another innovation in masonry construction is the use of prestressed concrete. It is achieved by either pretensioning or posttensioning processes. In pretensioning, lengths of steel wire, cables, or ropes are laid in the empty mold and then stretched and anchored. After the concrete has been poured and allowed to set, the anchors are released and, as the steel seeks to return to its original......
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Preti, Mattia (Italian artist)
The essential characteristics of Late Baroque painting can be identified first in the frescoes (1661) of Mattia Preti at the Palazzo Pamphili, Valmontone (southeast of Rome); but the transition between the High Baroque and the Late Baroque was a continuous process and occurred at different dates with different artists. At Valmontone the sense of dynamic structure characteristic of the High......
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Pretiglian Glacial Stage (geology)
...of the record is not well established, and correlations among different geographic areas, as well as to the marine oxygen-18 record, are uncertain (see Table). The first cold period, known as the Pretiglian and based on pollen data from The Netherlands, began about 2.3 million years ago, soon after extensive ice-rafted material first......
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preto (people)
...African descent (referred to by outside scholars as Afro-Brazilians) can be further characterized as pardos (of mixed ethnicities) or pretos (entirely African); the latter term is usually used to refer to those with the darkest skin colour. Although skin colour is the main basis of the distinction between ......
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Pretoria (South Africa)
city in Gauteng province and administrative capital of the Republic of South Africa. Pretoria stretches along both sides of the Apies River and extends into the western foothills of the Magaliesberg on the east. Founded in 1855 by Marthinus, son of Andries Pretorius, the Boer statesman f...
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Pretoria, Universiteit van (university, Pretoria, South Africa)
state-supported coeducational institution of higher learning at Pretoria, South Africa. It was founded in 1908, when the arts and science courses of Transvaal University College in Johannesburg were transferred to Pretoria. In 1910 the two institutions were separated, the Johannesburg section being reincorporated as the South African School of Mines and Techno...
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Pretoria, University of (university, Pretoria, South Africa)
state-supported coeducational institution of higher learning at Pretoria, South Africa. It was founded in 1908, when the arts and science courses of Transvaal University College in Johannesburg were transferred to Pretoria. In 1910 the two institutions were separated, the Johannesburg section being reincorporated as the South African School of Mines and Techno...
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Pretoria Zoo (zoo, Pretoria, South Africa)
zoo near Pretoria, S.Af., that is noted for its wildlife conservation programs. It was opened in 1899 by the State Museum of the South African Republic on a small stretch of land along the Apies River, which flows through Pretoria. In 1913 the zoo became the Transvaal ...
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Pretoria-Witwatersrand-Vereeniging complex (metropolitan area, South Africa)
...which was established in 1886, had already surpassed it in size. Continued rapid growth since the early 20th century has created four major urban concentrations. Of these, by far the largest is the Pretoria-Witwatersrand-Vereeniging complex; centred on Johannesburg, it radiates about 45 miles (70 km) in each direction and is now mostly in Gauteng province. Other urban concentrations are centred...
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Pretorio, Palazzo (museum, Cortona, Italy)
...are incorporated in the medieval town walls, and the 4th-century bc Etruscan tomb erroneously said to be that of the Greek philosopher and mathematician Pythagoras also survives. The 13th-century Pretorio (or Casali) Palace houses the Etruscan museum. Notable medieval churches include the originally Romanesque cathedral, much altered; the former church of the Gesù, now hous...
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Pretorius, Andries (Boer South African leader)
Boer leader in the Great Trek from British-dominated Cape Colony who became the dominant military and political figure in Natal and later in the Transvaal....
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Pretorius, Andries Wilhelmus Jacobus (Boer South African leader)
Boer leader in the Great Trek from British-dominated Cape Colony who became the dominant military and political figure in Natal and later in the Transvaal....
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Pretorius, Marthinus Wessel (Boer South African leader)
Boer statesman, soldier, eldest son of the Great Trek leader Andries Pretorius, and the first president of the South African Republic. Having also served as president of the Orange Free State...
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Prêtre marié, Un (work by Barbey d’Aurevilly)
...Le Chevalier des Touches (1864), dealing with the rebellion of the Chouans (bands of Norman outlaws) against the French Republic, and Un Prêtre marié (1865; “A Married Priest”), dealing with the sufferings of a priest under the new regime. Les Diaboliques (1874; Weird Women), a collect...
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pretrial conference (law)
The discovery process may make the parties aware of significant issues not previously considered or may make it clear that an issue considered important before discovery is no longer so. In order to provide a means for reflecting these changes and also to assist in simplifying the issues to be tried, shortening the time for trial, and possibly eliminating the need for trial completely, the......
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pretrial detention (law)
Incarceration of the suspect before trial most seriously impairs the preparation of an effective defense. Nevertheless, all legal systems permit pretrial detention, though under differing conditions....
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pretrial hearing (law)
Anglo-American procedure traditionally divides lawsuits into two stages: the pretrial stage and the trial stage. At the pretrial stage, the parties notify each other of their claims and defenses and probe their factual foundations; at the trial stage, they or their counsel attempt to prove their factual contentions before a judge or jury, primarily through the oral examination of witnesses. The......
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Pretty Baby (film by Malle)
Malle moved to the United States in 1975. In 1978 he directed Pretty Baby, the story of a 12-year-old resident of a brothel in New Orleans. His later films include the critically acclaimed Atlantic City (1980), a comedy-drama about the......
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pretty house (anthropology)
Among the Patagonian and Pampean tribes, a special hut known as the pretty house was erected for initiation ceremonies (as well as for some other rites, such as first menses). Medicine men bled themselves and smeared the novices with blood. There was dancing by the men and singing by the women. Horses were killed and roasted, and horsemeat was passed out to the guests....
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Pretty Polly (British racehorse)
(foaled 1901), English racehorse (Thoroughbred) who won 22 of 24 races in her four-year career and earned more than $130,000. Pretty Polly was foaled by Admiration and sired by Gallinule. Exceptional from the start of her career, the two-year-old filly won her first race, the British Dominion Plate at Sandown, by 10 lengths according to the official record, but the consensus placed the margin of ...
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Pretty Woman (film by Marshall)
...Officer and a Gentleman. The film was a box office success, and it established Gere as a major star. After several poorly received films, he scored another hit with Pretty Woman (1990), portraying a wealthy businessman who employs and later falls in love with a prostitute (played by Julia Roberts). He earned critical praise for Primal......
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pretty-faced wallaby (marsupial)
...wallaby (M. rufogriseus), with reddish nape and shoulders, which inhabits brushlands of southeastern Australia and Tasmania; this species is often seen in zoos. The pretty-faced wallaby, or whiptail (M. elegans, or M. parryi), with distinctive cheek marks, is found in open woods of coastal eastern Australia....
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pretzel (cracker)
a brittle, glazed-and-salted cracker of German or Alsatian origin. Made from a rope of dough typically fashioned into the shape of a loose knot, the pretzel is briefly boiled and then glazed with egg, salted, and baked. Pretzels are customarily eaten as a snack with beer....
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Preuning, Kunz (German potter)
...makers in the 16th century. The earliest stove tiles had a green lead glaze. By 1500 tin glazes were used; and in the mid-16th century Paul and Kunz Preuning, potters of Nürnberg, introduced a polychrome style. The large stoves made of these tiles, which are decorated with religious or allegorical subjects, are handsome works of art,...
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Preuning, Paul (German potter)
...stove makers in the 16th century. The earliest stove tiles had a green lead glaze. By 1500 tin glazes were used; and in the mid-16th century Paul and Kunz Preuning, potters of Nürnberg, introduced a polychrome style. The large stoves made of these tiles, which are decorated with religious or allegorical subjects, are handsome works.....
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Preuss, Hugo (German political theorist)
German political theorist and legal expert who became the principal author of the constitution of the Weimar Republic....
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Preussen (region, Europe)
In European history, any of three areas of eastern and central Europe....
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Preussische Kriegslieder von einem Grenadier (work by Gleim)
...feeble imitations of Anacreon, Horace, and the minnesingers, a dull didactic poem entitled Halladat oder das rote Buch (1774), and collections of fables and romances. Of higher merit is his Preussische Kriegslieder von einem Grenadier (1758), inspired by the campaigns of Frederick II....
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Preussler, Daniel (German artist)
...Aufenwerth, Bartholomäus Seuter, Franz Mayer, and Johann Metszch, who worked mainly on Meissen porcelain, and Ignaz Bottengruber and Daniel Preussler, who worked on both Meissen and Vienna porcelain....
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Preuves, Les (book by Jaurès)
...socialists, who did not believe that a socialist should defend a man who was both an officer and a member of the middle class. His book Les Preuves, asking for Dreyfus’ retrial and rehabilitation, caused his defeat in the elections of 1898. Temporarily retired from national politics, Jaurès began to compile his monument...
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prevailing wind (meteorology)
...east-west gradient in temperatures across the eastern edge of the North American continent. The relative warmth of the Gulf Stream affects air temperatures all the way across the Atlantic, and prevailing westerlies extend the warming effect deep into northern Europe. As a result, January temperatures of Tromsø, Nor. (69°40′ N), for example, average 24 °C (43 °...
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Préval, René (president of Haiti)
In elections held on Feb. 7, 2006, René Préval trounced 33 rivals, earning 51% of the vote to become Haiti’s 57th president. On that date five years earlier, Préval had handed over power and become Haiti’s first elected president to leave office after a full term. He then retreated from public life to the family farm in the village of Marmelade. There Pr...
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prevalence (medicine)
Epidemiology is the study of the distribution of disease in different populations. Prevalence denotes the number of cases of a condition present at a particular time or over a specified period, while incidence denotes the number of new cases occurring in a defined time period. Epidemiology is also concerned with the social, economic, or other contexts in which mental illnesses arise....
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Prevelakis, Pandelis (Greek author)
...purpose of human life. Kazantzákis had earlier published his 33,333-line Odísia (1938; Odyssey), an epic poem taking up the story of Odysseus where Homer had left off. Pandelís Prevelákis published a number of philosophical novels set in his native Crete, the most successful being O ílios tou thanátou (1959; The Sun of......
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Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide, Convention on the (UN)
...General Assembly of Resolution 96-I (December 1946), which made the crime of genocide punishable under international law, and of Resolution 260-III (December 1948), which approved the text of the Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide, the first UN human rights treaty. The convention, which entered into force.....
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prevention principle (law)
Although much environmental legislation is drafted in response to catastrophes, preventing environmental harm is cheaper, easier, and less environmentally dangerous than reacting to environmental harm that already has taken place. The prevention principle is the fundamental notion behind laws regulating the generation, transportation, treatment, storage, and disposal of hazardous waste and laws......
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preventive detention (law)
the practice of incarcerating accused individuals before trial on the assumption that their release would not be in the best interest of society—specifically, that they would be likely to commit additional crimes if they were released. Preventive detention is also used when the release of the accused is felt to be detrimental to the state’s ability to carry out its investigation. In...
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preventive diplomacy
As these major approaches to peace envisaged in its Charter have not proved very fruitful, the United Nations has developed two new procedures aiming at the limitation of wars. First, “preventive diplomacy,” largely comprising the diplomatic initiatives of the secretary-general and the stationing of peacekeeping forces, has served to contain local conflicts and to prevent......
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preventive medicine
efforts directed toward the prevention of disease, either in the community as a whole—an important part of what is broadly termed public health—or in the individual....
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preverb (grammar)
There is a developed system of preverbs, elements preceding the verb stem and attached to it, with local meaning indicating location of the action in space, as well as its direction (especially in Mingrelian and Laz). Simple preverbs are combined into complex ones. The preverbs are also used to mark the aspect (nature of the action indicated by the verb, with reference to its beginning,......
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Prévert, Jacques-Henri-Marie (French poet)
French poet who composed ballads of social hope and sentimental love; he also ranked among the foremost of screenwriters, especially during the 1930s and ’40s....
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prevertebral ganglion (anatomy)
...in the sympathetic trunks, two long chains of ganglia stretching along each side of the vertebral column from the base of the skull to the coccyx; these are referred to as paravertebral ganglia. Prevertebral motor ganglia are located near internal organs innervated by their projecting fibres, while terminal ganglia are found on the surfaces or within the walls of the target organs......
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Preveza, Battle of (Ottoman Empire [1538])
...itself becoming the base of piracy against the Italian coast. The Holy Roman emperor Charles V led a crusade that captured Tunis and Goletta in 1535, but Barbarossa defeated Charles V’s fleet at the Battle of Preveza (1538), thereby securing the eastern Mediterranean for the Turks (until their defeat at the Battle of Lepanto in 1571)...
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Previn, Charles (American composer)
...and Robert Carson for A Star Is BornCinematography: Karl Freund for The Good EarthArt Direction: Stephen Goosson for Lost HorizonScoring: Universal Studio Music Department, Charles Previn, head of department, for 100 Men and a GirlSong: “Sweet Leilani” from Waikiki Wedding; music and lyrics by Harry......
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Previn, Sir André (American composer and musician)
German-born American pianist, composer, arranger, and conductor, especially sympathetic to French, Russian, and English music of the 19th and 20th centuries....
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previous restraint (censorship)
The effort to eliminate “previous restraints” (also known as prior restraints) in Great Britain and in America had its roots in English constitutional experience. Previous restraint (or licensing) came to be regarded as an inheritance of Roman Catholic practices. And so, when the Anglican successor to the Roman Catholic Church......
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Previte, Franke (American singer and songwriter)
...David Byrne, Cong Su, Ryuichi Sakamoto for The Last EmperorOriginal Song: “(I’ve Had) the Time of My Life” from Dirty Dancing; music by John DeNicola, Donald Markowitz, Franke Previte, lyrics by Franke Previte...
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Prévost, Abbé (French author)
prolific French novelist whose fame rests entirely on one work—Manon Lescaut (1731; in full Histoire du Chevalier des Grieux et de Manon Lescaut; “Story of the Chevalier of Grieux and of Manon Lescaut”)....
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Prévost d’Exiles, Antoine-François, Abbé (French author)
prolific French novelist whose fame rests entirely on one work—Manon Lescaut (1731; in full Histoire du Chevalier des Grieux et de Manon Lescaut; “Story of the Chevalier of Grieux and of Manon Lescaut”)....
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Prévost, Françoise (French ballerina)
French ballerina, the leading dancer of her generation. Her precision, lightness, and grace helped establish the technique of classical ballet; she was also noted for her mime and dramatic ability....
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Prévost, Jean (French author)
...enjoys the status of a minor classic, and the best of the modern Dutch essayists, Johan Huizinga (1872–1945), has reflected with acuteness on Homo ludens, or man at play. A Frenchman, Jean Prévost (1901–44), who was to die as a hero of the Resistance to the German occupation of France during World War II, opened....
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Prevost, Sir George, 1st Baronet (British governor in chief of Canada)
soldier in the service of Great Britain, who was governor in chief (1811–15) of Upper and Lower Canada (now Ontario and Quebec). He was known for his conciliatory policies toward French Canadians....
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prévôt (French law)
in French law, an inferior royal judge under the ancien régime, who, during the later Middle Ages, often served as an administrator of the domain. The position appears to date from the 11th century, when the Capetian dynasty of kings sought a means to render justice within their realm and to subject their vassals to royal control....
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Prevotella histicola (bacterium)
...to play an important role in the development of caries and gum disease. In 2008 the discovery of a bacterial species named Prevotella histicola, which is present in both healthy and cancerous oral tissues and which generates acidic metabolites, such as acetic acid......
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prey (animal behaviour)
in animal behaviour, the pursuit, capture, and killing of animals for food. Predatory animals may be solitary hunters, like the leopard, or they may be group hunters, like wolves....
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prey, bird of (bird)
any bird that pursues other animals for food. Birds of prey are classified in two orders: Falconiformes and Strigiformes. Diurnal birds of prey—hawks, eagles, vultures, and falcons (Falconiformes)—are also called raptors, derived from the Latin raptare, “to seize and carry off.” (In a broader sense, the nam...
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Prey, Hermann (German singer)
German opera and concert singer (b. July 11, 1929, Berlin, Ger.--d. July 23, 1998, Berg, near Munich, Ger.), was a celebrated baritone who was one of the foremost contemporary interpreters of the songs of Franz Schubert; he was also noted for his charismatic stage presence and musical clarity. Prey’s father was a merchant, and his mother was a talented amateur singer who encouraged his love...
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Prêy Veng (province, Cambodia)
town, southern Cambodia. Prêy Veng is linked to Phnom Penh, the national capital, by a national highway. The former (prior to 1975) rubber plantations of Phumi Péam Cheăng near the town have the ruins of a Khmer temple. At nearby ’Neăk Loeăng is a ferry across the ...
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Preyer, William (German psychologist)
...the growth and development of one of his own children, collecting the data much as if he had been studying an unknown species. A similar, more elaborate study published by German psychophysiologist William Preyer put forth the methods for a series of others. In 1891 American educational psychologist G. Stanley Hall established the Pedagogical Seminary, a periodical.....
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Preyevalsky’s horse (mammal)
(subspecies Equus caballus przewalskii), last wild horse subspecies surviving in the 21st century. It was discovered in western Mongolia in the late 1870s by the Russian explorer N.M. Przhevalsky. Several expeditions since 1969 have failed to find this horse, which probably crossed with half-wild domesticated horses and lost its di...
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Prez (American musician)
American tenor saxophonist who emerged in the mid-1930s Kansas City, Mo., jazz world with the Count Basie band and introduced an approach to improvisation that provided much of the basis for modern jazz solo conception....
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Prez, Josquin des (French-Flemish composer)
one of the greatest composers of Renaissance Europe....
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prezygapophyses (anatomy)
...with its neighbour at five different points: first, at the contact point between the main, central bodies of the bones (centra), which is a ball-and-socket joint; then at two projections (prezygapophyses and postzygapophyses) from the centra, with articulating surfaces that lie above and below; and finally the zygosphenes and zygantra, found almost exclusively in snakes, the......
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prezygotic reproductive isolating mechanism (biology)
There are two general categories of reproductive isolating mechanisms: prezygotic, or those that take effect before fertilization, and postzygotic, those that take effect afterward. Prezygotic RIMs prevent the formation of hybrids between members of different populations through ecological, temporal, ethological (behavioral), mechanical, and gametic isolation. Postzygotic RIMs reduce the......
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prezygotic RIM (biology)
There are two general categories of reproductive isolating mechanisms: prezygotic, or those that take effect before fertilization, and postzygotic, those that take effect afterward. Prezygotic RIMs prevent the formation of hybrids between members of different populations through ecological, temporal, ethological (behavioral), mechanical, and gametic isolation. Postzygotic RIMs reduce the......
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PRG (Vietnamese history)
...in 1960 the military arm of the National Liberation Front (q.v.; NLF). In 1969 the NLF joined other groups in the areas of South Vietnam that were controlled by the Viet Cong to form the Provisional Revolutionary Government (PRG). The movement’s principal objectives were the overthrow of the South Vietnamese government and the reunification of Vietnam....
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PRG (Grenadian history)
...reducing GULP’s majority in Parliament in the 1976 election. On March 13, 1979, while Gairy was out of the country, the NJM staged a bloodless coup, proclaimed a People’s Revolutionary Government (PRG), and named their leader, Maurice Bishop, as prime minister. The new government faced opposition from Western nations because of its socialist principles, but it embarked on a progra...
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PRI (political party, Italy)
anticlerical social-reform party. Although it had only a small following in the years after World War II, its position in the centre of the Italian political spectrum enabled it to take part in many coalition governments....
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PRI (political party, Mexico)
Mexican political party that dominated the country’s political institutions from its founding in 1929 until the end of the 20th century. Virtually all important figures in Mexican national and local politics belonged to the party, because the nomination of its candidate to a public office was almost always tantamount ...
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Priabonian Stage (paleontology)
the uppermost division of Eocene rocks, representing all rocks deposited worldwide during the Priabonian Age (37.2 million to 33.9 million years ago) of the Paleogene Period (65.5 million to 23 million years ago). The Priabonian Stage is named for Priabona in the Vicenza province of northern Italy....
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Priacanthidae (fish)
any of about 18 species of marine fishes comprising the family Priacanthidae (order Perciformes). Some members of the family are also known as catalufas. Most bigeyes are bright red in colour, but many species can change from a pale hue to a deep, mottled shade. Most have large round eyes. Representatives of the family are found in tropical and subtropical marine environments in all of the major ...
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Priacanthus cruentatus (fish)
...are carnivorous and nocturnal. In the Atlantic the common bigeye (Priacanthus arenatus) attains a length of about 41 cm (16 inches). The glasseye snapper (P. cruentatus), also called the catalufa, about 30 cm long, is found in both the Atlantic and Pacific. The popeye......
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Priam (Greek mythology)
in Greek mythology, the last king of Troy. He succeeded his father, Laomedon, as king and extended Trojan control over the Hellespont. He married first Arisbe (a daughter of Merops the seer) and then Hecuba, and he had other wives and concubines. He had 50 sons, according to Homer...
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Priam’s Treasure (archaeological objects)
...metals. The considerable deposits of treasure found in the earliest prehistoric strata on the site of Troy are not likely to be later than 2000 bc. The largest of them, called Priam’s Treasure, is a representative collection of jewels and plate. Packed in a large silver cup were gold ornaments consisting of elaborate diadems or pectorals, six bracelets,...
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Priangan (region, Indonesia)
...between pretenders to the throne. In return for its services in 1674 to Amangkurat I, Sultan Agung’s successor, and then to Amangkurat II shortly afterward, the VOC received the cession of the Preanger regions of western Java....
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Priangar Plateau (plateau, Indonesia)
...and Tjereme. The highest of these peaks rise to elevations of about 10,000 feet (3,000 metres). A series of these volcanoes cluster together to form a great tangle of upland that also includes the Priangar Plateau, which has an elevation of about 1,000 feet (300 metres) and consists of almost horizontal, gently folded limestone. The plateau extends for more than 100 miles (160 km) along the......
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Priapatius (king of Iran)
Precise information is not available concerning the reign of Priapatius (c. 191–176 bc), who succeeded Artabanus and whose name appears in documents found in excavations at Nisā. Under his son Phraates I (reigned c. 176–171 bc), the young Parthian kingdom seems to have recuperated sufficiently to have taken up once again its expansionist activities....
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Priapea (Latin poems)
poems in honour of the the god of fertility Priapus. Although there are ancient Greek poems addressed to him, the name Priapea is mainly applied to a collection of 85 or 86 short Latin poems composed in various metres and dealing with the fertility god who, with his sickle, protected gardens and vineyards against thieves and from whose axe-hewn image of figwood or willow protruded an erect,...
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“Priapeia” (Latin poems)
poems in honour of the the god of fertility Priapus. Although there are ancient Greek poems addressed to him, the name Priapea is mainly applied to a collection of 85 or 86 short Latin poems composed in various metres and dealing with the fertility god who, with his sickle, protected gardens and vineyards against thieves and from whose axe-hewn image of figwood or willow protruded an erect,...
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priapism (pathology)
a persistent, painful erection of the penis unaccompanied by sexual excitation or desire....
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priapulid (invertebrate)
(phylum Priapulida), any of some 15 species of predatory, marine, mud-inhabiting, unsegmented worms. Once considered a class of the former phylum Aschelminthes or placed with echiuran and sipunculan worms in the former phylum Gephyrea, priapulids have no obvious relationship to any other group of animals. The largest of the priapulids are 10 to 15 cm (4 to 6 inches) long and inhabit the colder sea...
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Priapulida (invertebrate)
(phylum Priapulida), any of some 15 species of predatory, marine, mud-inhabiting, unsegmented worms. Once considered a class of the former phylum Aschelminthes or placed with echiuran and sipunculan worms in the former phylum Gephyrea, priapulids have no obvious relationship to any other group of animals. The largest of the priapulids are 10 to 15 cm (4 to 6 inches) long and inhabit the colder sea...
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Priapus (Greek religion)
in Greek religion, a god of animal and vegetable fertility whose originally Asian cult started in the Hellespontine regions, centring especially on Lampsacus. He was represented in a caricature of the human form, grotesquely misshapen, with an enormous phallus. The ass was sacrificed in his honour, probably because the ass s...
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Pribićević, Svetozar (Yugoslavian politician)
Yugoslav politician, leader of the Serbs within Austria-Hungary before the empire’s dissolution at the end of World War I....
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Pribilof Canyon (submarine canyon, Bering Sea)
a long submarine canyon rising from the Bering Abyssal Plain on the floor of the Bering Sea southeast of the Pribilof Islands, Alaska. It runs across the edge of the ...
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Pribilof Islands (islands, Alaska, United States)
archipelago, off the west coast of Alaska, U.S. The islands include St. Paul (40 square miles [104 square km]), St. George (35 square miles [91 square km]), and two islets (Otter and Walrus islands) lying in the Bering Sea, about 300 miles (500 km) west of the Alaska mainland and 240 miles (400 km) north of the Aleutian Islands. Formed by ...
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Přibislav (German prince)
...the area’s earlier Germanic inhabitants. In 1160, under Henry the Lion, duke of Saxony, Christianity and German domination were introduced. Przybysław (Přibislav), son of the vanquished Obodrite ruler Niklot, became Henry’s vassal and founded the Mecklenburg dynasty. In a series of partitions, four separate lines...
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Příbram (Czech Republic)
mining city, north-central Czech Republic. Located 37 miles (59 km) southwest of Prague, on the Litavka River, it is situated in the hilly and forested Brdy Mountains. Silver and gold mining, begun in the 14th century, was the town’s major industry until the 1960s, when lead, zinc, and large ...
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price (economics)
the amount of money that has to be paid to acquire a given product. Insofar as the amount people are prepared to pay for a product represents its value, price is also a measure of value....
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Price (Utah, United States)
city, seat (1894) of Carbon county, central Utah, U.S., on the Price River, 65 miles (105 km) southeast of Provo. Settled in 1877 by Mormons, it was named for the river discovered in 1869 by William Price, a bishop of the Mormon church...
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Price Administration, Office of (United States government)
...immediately soared. Congress then passed an even weaker price-control bill, which Truman signed. Nevertheless, by the end of the year, most price and wage controls had been lifted. In December the Office of Price Administration began to close down. As a result the consumer price index did not stabilize until 1948, when prices were more than a third above the 1945 level, while wage and salary......
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Price, Bruce (American architect)
...C. Stevens (1855–1940), author of Examples of American Domestic Architecture (1889). Notable architects working in the Shingle style included William Ralph Emerson, H.H. Richardson, and Bruce Price. The Price version of the Shingle style, best seen in his homes at Tuxedo Park, N.Y. (1885), influenced the early work of Frank Lloyd......
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price collusion (crime)
Specific examples of activities that constitute white-collar crimes include price collusion (conspiring with other corporations to fix the prices of goods or services as a means of obtaining artificially high profits or driving a competitor out of the market), falsifying reports of tests on pharmaceutical products to obtain manufacturing licenses, and substituting cheap, defective materials for......
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price controls (economics)
collective governmental effort to control the incomes of labour and capital, usually by limiting increases in wages and prices. The term often refers to policies directed at the control of inflation, but it may also indicate efforts to alter the distribution of income among workers, industries, locations, or occupational gr...
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price discrimination (economics)
practice of selling a commodity at different prices to different buyers, even though sales costs are the same in all of the transactions. Discrimination among buyers may be based on personal characteristics such as income, race, or age or on geographic location. For price discrimination to succeed, other entrepreneurs must be unable to purchase goods at the lower price and resell them at a higher ...
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Price, Edward Reynolds (American writer)
American writer whose stories are set in the southern U.S. state of North Carolina, where he spent nearly all of his life....
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Price, Ellen (British author)
English novelist who wrote the sensational and extremely popular East Lynne (1861), a melodramatic and moralizing tale of the fall of virtue. Translated into many languages, it was dramatized with great success, and its plot has been frequently imitated in popular fiction....
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Price, Emily (American writer)
American authority on social behaviour who crafted her advice by applying good sense and thoughtfulness to basic human interactions....
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Price, George (American artist)
American cartoonist whose work, characterized by witty, imaginative drawing and brief, often one-line captions, helped to modernize the magazine cartoon....
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