A-Z Browse

seat of government, largest city, industrial centre, and major port of Tanzania, eastern Africa. Its climate is hot and humid, with an annual rainfall of 43 inches (1,100 mm). Dar es Salaam was founded in 1862 by the sultan of Zanzibar on the site of the village of Mzizima. It remained only a small port until the German East Africa Company established a station there in 1887. Th...

(“House of Learning”), the leading Muslim theological centre (madrasah) of India. It was founded in 1867 by Muḥammad ʿĀbid Ḥusayn in the Sahāranpur district of Uttar Pradesh. The theological position of Deoband has always been heavily influenced by the 18th-century Muslim reformer Shāh Walī Allāh and the early 19th-century Indi...

...for the beautification of Cairo. In his next post as assistant director of education (1867) he separated the military schools from the government-operated civilian schools. In 1870 he created the Dār al-ʿulūm (“The Abode of Learning”), a teacher training college modelled on the French École Normale Supérieure. He also improved conditions i...

seat of government, largest city, industrial centre, and major port of Tanzania, eastern Africa. Its climate is hot and humid, with an annual rainfall of 43 inches (1,100 mm). Dar es Salaam was founded in 1862 by the sultan of Zanzibar on the site of the village of Mzizima. It remained only a small port until the German East Africa Company established a station there in 1887. Th...

...of government finance. As a result, private secondary schools sponsored by religious institutions and, most notably, by parents themselves have expanded in number. There are two universities, the University of Dar es Salaam (1961), formerly part of the University of East Africa, and Sokoine University of Agriculture (1984). Extensive adult education has focused on eradicating illiteracy, and,.....

The earliest Parthian capital was probably at Dara (modern Abivard); one of the later capitals was Hecatompylos, probably near modern Dāmghān. The empire was governed by a small Parthian aristocracy, which successfully made use of the social organizations established by the Seleucids and which tolerated the development of vassal kingdoms. Although not an inventive people, the......

town, southwestern Syria. Darʿā, which is the chief town of the Ḥawrān (a region of southwestern Syria), is a road and rail junction located less than 6 miles (10 km) from the Jordanian border on the Wadi Jride. It is the focal point for communications between Amman, Jerusalem, Haifa, and Damascus. There are no local industries, but Darʿ...

...He early showed signs of military and administrative ability; and these qualities, combined with a taste for power, brought him into rivalry with his eldest brother, the brilliant and volatile Dārā Shikōh, who was designated by their father as his successor to the throne. From 1636 Aurangzeb held a number of important appointments, in all of which he distinguished......

...in Vientiane during this period include three children of Maha Sila Viravong, an important scholar of traditional Lao literature, history, and culture: Pakian Viravong, Duangdeuan Viravong, and Dara Viravong (pseudonyms Pa Nai, Dauk Ket, and Duang Champa, respectively). An equally important writer was Outhine Bounyavong, Maha Sila Viravong’s son-in-law, who remained a notable writer thro...

town, southwestern Iran, at an elevation of about 4,000 feet (1,200 metres) in a well-watered basin just south of some high ranges. The winter climate is mild, and fruits, cereals, cotton, and tobacco are grown, though the lower lands are used for winter pastures by the Bahārlū tribe. Nearby salt mines have long been important....

Modern Dārāb lies just northeast of the ruined ancient city of Dārābjird. Though reputedly Achaemenid in origin, the main ruins of the town are Sāsānian. The layout of the Sāsānian town was circular, 1 mile (1.6 km) in diameter, with a citadel, or fire temple, crowning a rock in the centre, and four gates. Pop. (2006) 56,032....

Modern Dārāb lies just northeast of the ruined ancient city of Dārābjird. Though reputedly Achaemenid in origin, the main ruins of the town are Sāsānian. The layout of the Sāsānian town was circular, 1 mile (1.6 km) in diameter, with a citadel, or fire temple, crowning a rock in the centre, and four gates. Pop. (2006) 56,032....

goblet-shaped small drum that is widely played in Islamic classical and folk music throughout North Africa, Central Asia, and the Middle East. The darabukka is a single-headed drum usually made of clay or wood and is held upright, upside down, or under the arm. It is struck with the hands. Some European composers, notably Hector Berlioz in his opera Les...

Hungarian statesman under whose premiership (1936–38) right-wing political elements gained increased influence in pre-World War II Hungary....

Third figure:Darapti, Disamis, Datisi, Felapton,...

...Southern Railway, it has railway workshops and is also a major road junction. Its colleges of commerce, law, medicine, and engineering and technology are affiliated with Karnātak University in Dhārwād....

Achaemenid king (reigned 423–404 bc) of Persia....

the last king (reigned 336–330 bc) of the Achaemenid dynasty....

king of Persia in 522–486 bc, one of the greatest rulers of the Achaemenid dynasty, who was noted for his administrative genius and for his great building projects. Darius attempted several times to conquer Greece; his fleet was destroyed by a storm in 492, and the Athenians defeated his army at Marathon in 490....

relatively small Middle Eastern religious sect characterized by an eclectic system of doctrines and by a cohesion and loyalty among its members (at times politically significant) that have enabled them to maintain through almost a thousand years of turbulent history their close-knit identity and distinctive faith. They numbered more than 250,000 in the late 20th century and lived mostly in Lebanon...

propagandist for the Ismāʿīlī sect of Islam and the man for whom the religion of the Druze sect is named....

in India, a court or audience chamber, and also any formal assembly of notables called together by a governmental authority. In British India the name was specially attached to formal imperial assemblies called together to mark state occasions....

the chief gurdwārā, or house of worship, of the Sikhs of India and their most important pilgrimage site; it is located in the city of Amritsar, in Punjab state. The Harimandir was built in 1604 by Gurū Arjun, who symbolically had it placed on a lower level so that even the humblest had to step down to enter it, and with entrances on...

...plants, a cup into which the juice drips and a filter or strainer for decanting it, and cups for consuming the beverage obtained. In many sacrifices, branches or leaves of sacred plants, such as the kuśa plant (a sacred grass used as fodder) of the Vedic sacrifice and the Brahmanic pūjā (ritual), are used in rituals such as the Zoroastrian sprinkling......

town, northern Bihār state, northeastern India. It is situated just to the east of the Bāghmati River, a tributary of the Ganges. The town was the capital of the Darbhanga rāj, an estate established in the 16th century, and contains the Anandbāgh palace. It was constituted a municipality in 1864. Darbhanga is the seat of Kameshwara Singh Darbhanga Sanskrit University (...

French mathematician who made important contributions to geometry and analysis and after whom the Darboux integral is named....

goblet-shaped small drum that is widely played in Islamic classical and folk music throughout North Africa, Central Asia, and the Middle East. The darabukka is a single-headed drum usually made of clay or wood and is held upright, upside down, or under the arm. It is struck with the hands. Some European composers, notably Hector Berlioz in his opera Les...

goblet-shaped small drum that is widely played in Islamic classical and folk music throughout North Africa, Central Asia, and the Middle East. The darabukka is a single-headed drum usually made of clay or wood and is held upright, upside down, or under the arm. It is struck with the hands. Some European composers, notably Hector Berlioz in his opera Les...

British ironmaster who first successfully smelted iron ore with coke....

As the theologians at Princeton developed their new approach, John Nelson Darby, one of the earliest leaders of the Plymouth Brethren (a British free church movement emphasizing biblical prophecy and the Second Coming of Christ), introduced a very different theological perspective, called dispensationalism. First taught to the Brethren in the mid-19th century, dispensationalism maintained that......

...Color: John DeCuir and Lyle R. Wheeler for The King and IMusic Score of a Dramatic or Comedy Picture: Victor Young for Around the World in 80 DaysScoring of a Musical Picture: Ken Darby and Alfred Newman for The King and ISong: “Whatever Will Be, Will Be (Que Sera, Sera)” from The Man Who Knew Too Much; music and lyrics by Ray Evans......

Another British geographer who influenced the discipline considerably through his own work and that of collaborators and graduate students was Henry Clifford (later Sir Clifford) Darby. The first to obtain a Ph.D. in geography at Cambridge, he pioneered work in historical geography through studies of landscape change and the detailed geography of England as displayed by the Domesday Book......

Many fusible alloys are formulated to melt at 90–100° C (194–212° F); for example, Darcet’s alloy (50 parts bismuth, 25 lead, 25 tin) melts at 98° C. By replacing half the tin in Darcet’s alloy with cadmium, the alloy Wood’s metal, which melts at 70° C, is obtained. See also amalgam; ferroalloy; intermetallic compound....

town, northern Mongolia, northwest of Ulaanbaatar. A large industrial complex, built in the late 1960s with Soviet and eastern European aid, makes Darhan one of the largest industrial centres in Mongolia. A building- industry combine produces concrete, lime cement, bricks, and wood and steel products. Other industries include food processing, vehicle repair, and the production of woolen textiles, ...

The standard unit of permeability is the darcy, equivalent to the passage of one cubic centimetre of fluid (having a viscosity of one centipoise) per second through a sample one square centimetre in cross-sectional area under a pressure of one atmosphere per centimetre of thickness. ...

French hydraulic engineer who first derived the equation (now known as Darcy’s law) that governs the laminar (nonturbulent) flow of fluids in homogeneous, porous media and who thereby established the theoretical foundation of groundwater hydrology....

In 1957 Arden married Margaretta D’Arcy, an actress and playwright, with whom he wrote a number of stage pieces and improvisational works for amateur and student players. The Happy Haven, produced in 1960 in London, is a sardonic farce about an old people’s home. The Workhouse Donkey is a crowded, exuberant, and comic drama of municipal politics. Armstrong’s L...

powerful English nobleman who, disliking the separation of England from papal jurisdiction, was implicated in the rebellion in 1536, in the north, against the ecclesiastical policy of Henry VIII....

powerful English nobleman who, disliking the separation of England from papal jurisdiction, was implicated in the rebellion in 1536, in the north, against the ecclesiastical policy of Henry VIII....

powerful English nobleman who, disliking the separation of England from papal jurisdiction, was implicated in the rebellion in 1536, in the north, against the ecclesiastical policy of Henry VIII....

English businessman who was the principal founder of the Iranian oil industry....

mathematical relationship discovered (1856) by the French engineer Henri Darcy that governs the flow of groundwater through granular media or the flow of other fluids through permeable material, such as petroleum through sandstone or limestone. As the basic relationship from which many sophisticated theoretical and practical derivations have been devised, it h...

The Champā, Ladākhī, Bāltī, and Dard peoples live to the north of the Great Himalayan Range in the Kashmir Himalayas. The Dard are Indo-European, while the others are Tibeto-Burman. The Champā lead a nomadic pastoral life in the upper Indus valley. The Ladākhī have settled on terraces and alluvial fans flanking the Indus in Kashmir. The......

French novelist (b. June 29, 1921, Bourgoin-Jallieu, France—d. June 6, 2000, Bonnefontaine, Switz.), wrote mainly “hard-boiled” detective novels, notable for their ribald humour and their inventive, often racy, vocabulary. Although Dard wrote under several pseudonyms, more than half of his output, which totaled some 300 books, featured Paris police superintendent San-Antonio a...

group of closely related Indo-Iranian languages spoken in Pakistan, Kashmir, and Afghanistan. They are often divided into three subgroups: Kafiri, or Western; Khowari, or Central (spoken in the Chitrāl district of northwestern Pakistan); and the Eastern group, which includes Shina and Kashmiri. (Some scholars use the term Dardic to refer only to the Eastern subgroup of la...

narrow strait in northwestern Turkey, 38 mi (61 km) long, linking the Aegean Sea with the Sea of Marmara. It is 34 to 4 mi wide and lies between the peninsula of Gallipoli in Europe (northwest) and the mainland of Asia Minor (southeast). The strait’s average depth is 180 ft (55 m), reaching a maximum of 300 ft in the narrowest central section. There is a r...

...service, where he was known as Curzio Suffrido Adelborst. He soon distinguished himself and in 1650 was sent to patrol the Dardanelles. On May 16, 1654, his Venetian squadron took part in the Battle of the Dardanelles, when his ship alone sank 15 Turkish galleys; and on the following day he compelled the surrender of the Turks at Tenedos. In 1659 he was made a knight of St. Mark and given......

(February 1915–January 1916), in World War I, an Anglo-French operation against Turkey, intended to force the 38-mile- (61-km-) long Dardanelles channel and to occupy Constantinople. Plans for such a venture were considered by the British authorities between 1904 and 1911, but military and naval opinion was against it. When war between the Allies and Turkey began early in November 1914, the...

(Jan. 5, 1809), pact signed between the Ottoman Empire and Great Britain at Çanak (now Çanakkale, Tur.) that affirmed the principle that no warships of any power should enter the Straits of the Dardanelles and the Bosporus. The treaty anticipated the London Straits Convention...

in Greek legend, the son of Zeus and the Pleiad Electra, mythical founder of Dardania on the Hellespont. He was the ancestor of the Dardanians of the Troad and, through Aeneas, of the Romans....

...murders, freeing of slaves. But this reign of terror could not prevent the cities from deserting to the victorious side. In 85, when the war was clearly lost, he made peace with Sulla in the Treaty of Dardanus, abandoning his conquests, surrendering his fleet, and paying a large fine....

In 2005, with their film L’Enfant, the Belgian brothers Jean-Pierre and Luc Dardenne for the second time in six years won the Cannes Festival’s Palme d’Or for best film. Only filmmakers Emir Kusturica and Imamura Shohei had previously won twice. Two other pairs of brothers—Vittorio and Paolo Taviani, in 1977, and Ethan and Joel Coen, in 1991—had earned a P...

In 2005, with their film L’Enfant, the Belgian brothers Jean-Pierre and Luc Dardenne for the second time in six years won the Cannes Festival’s Palme d’Or for best film. Only filmmakers Emir Kusturica and Imamura Shohei had previously won twice. Two other pairs of brothers—Vittorio and Paolo Taviani, in 1977, and Ethan and Joel Coen, in 1991—had earned a P...

In 2005, with their film L’Enfant, the Belgian brothers Jean-Pierre and Luc Dardenne for the second time in six years won the Cannes Festival’s Palme d’Or for best film. Only filmmakers Emir Kusturica and Imamura Shohei had previously won twice. Two other pairs of brothers—Vittorio and Paolo Taviani, in 1977, and Ethan and Joel Coen, in 1991—had earned a P...

group of closely related Indo-Iranian languages spoken in Pakistan, Kashmir, and Afghanistan. They are often divided into three subgroups: Kafiri, or Western; Khowari, or Central (spoken in the Chitrāl district of northwestern Pakistan); and the Eastern group, which includes Shina and Kashmiri. (Some scholars use the term Dardic to refer only to the Eastern subgroup of la...

region inhabited by the so-called Dard peoples in the north of Pakistan and northern Kashmir. It includes Chitrāl, the upper reaches of the Panjkora River, the Kohistān (highland) of Swāt, and the upper portions of the Gilgit Agency. Mentioned by the classical historians Pliny the Elder, Ptolemy, and Herodotus, the Dards (Daradae, Daradrae, or Derdae...

town, western Sichuan sheng (province) and capital of Ganzi Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, China. Kangding is on the Tuo River, a tributary of the Dadu River, 62 miles (100 km) west of Ya’an on the main route from Sichuan into the Tibet Autonomous Region. It lies at an elevation of 8,400 feet (2...

the first English child born in the Americas. She was given the name Virginia because she was the first Christian born in Virginia....

dog developed in Ireland, one of the oldest breeds of terriers. Nicknamed the “daredevil,” it has earned the reputation of being adaptable, loyal, spirited, and recklessly courageous. It served as a messenger and sentinel dog in World War I, and it has been used to hunt and to retrieve game. The Irish terrier is a sturdily built dog with racier lines than those of ...

...bc. Roughly triangular in shape, the lake lies in an enclosed basin; its brackish waters are unsuitable for either drinking or irrigation. The salt water allows for no animal life save the darekh (related to the European bleak, a small soft-finned river fish of the carp family), a freshwater fish that has adapted to a saline environment....

Trojan priest of Hephaestus who appears as one of the characters in Homer’s Iliad, Book V, and is the reputed author of a lost pre-Homeric “eyewitness” account of the Trojan War. The Daretis Phrygii de Excidio Trojae historia, a Latin work purporting to be a translation of this, dates probably from the 5th century ad. (The Greek o...

French historian whose reputation rests on his authoritative major work, Histoire de France, 9 vol. (1865–79)....

early French Renaissance painter of Tournai whose work shows the strong influence of the Master of Flémalle. Only one group of his works is known, that from the period 1433–35. The Flemish realism developed by the Master of Flémalle was adapted by Daret, who later headed the guild of Tournai. Daret’s style, though imitative, can be seen at its best in the altarpiece for...

early French Renaissance painter of Tournai whose work shows the strong influence of the Master of Flémalle. Only one group of his works is known, that from the period 1433–35. The Flemish realism developed by the Master of Flémalle was adapted by Daret, who later headed the guild of Tournai. Daret’s style, though imitative, can be seen at its best in the altarpiece for...

...priest of Hephaestus who appears as one of the characters in Homer’s Iliad, Book V, and is the reputed author of a lost pre-Homeric “eyewitness” account of the Trojan War. The Daretis Phrygii de Excidio Trojae historia, a Latin work purporting to be a translation of this, dates probably from the 5th century ad. (The Greek original may be dated to...

In present-day Sudan the census bureau uses the term Darfunj (Funj tribes) to describe a number of ethnically and linguistically different peoples living in the southeastern part of the country. This area had represented an ethnic–linguistic mixture when the Funj arrived, and the kingdom, by its nature, increased the mix. Among those designated as Funj tribes, the Gule claim that their......

historical region of the Billād al-Sūdān (Arabic: “Land of the Blacks”), roughly corresponding to the westernmost portion of the present-day Sudan. It lay between Kordofan to the east and Wadai to the west and extended southward to the Al-Ghazāl (Gazelle) River and northward to the Libyan Desert....

historical region of the Billād al-Sūdān (Arabic: “Land of the Blacks”), roughly corresponding to the westernmost portion of the present-day Sudan. It lay between Kordofan to the east and Wadai to the west and extended southward to the Al-Ghazāl (Gazelle) River and northward to the Libyan Desert....

...The western plain is composed primarily of Nubian sandstones, which form a dissected plateau region with flat-topped mesas and buttes. The volcanic highlands of the Marra Mountains rise out of the Darfur Plateau farther west to altitudes of between approximately 3,000 and 10,000 feet (900 and 3,000 metres) above sea level. These mountains form the Nile-Congo watershed and the western boundary.....

two related languages spoken in central Dagestan in the Caucasus—Lak and Dargin. Both are written languages. The dialects of Dargin differ considerably from one another and are considered by some scholars to be separate languages. The Lak-Dargin languages are often placed in the Dagestanian group of the Nakho-Dagestanian (Northeast Caucasian) languages, together with the Avar-Andi-Dido......

Russian composer of songs and operas whose works are now seldom performed....

Russian composer of songs and operas whose works are now seldom performed....

two related languages spoken in central Dagestan in the Caucasus—Lak and Dargin. Both are written languages. The dialects of Dargin differ considerably from one another and are considered by some scholars to be separate languages. The Lak-Dargin languages are often placed in the Dagestanian group of the Nakho-Dagestanian (Northeast Caucasian) languages, together with the Avar-Andi-Dido......

town, northern Mongolia, northwest of Ulaanbaatar. A large industrial complex, built in the late 1960s with Soviet and eastern European aid, makes Darhan one of the largest industrial centres in Mongolia. A building- industry combine produces concrete, lime cement, bricks, and wood and steel products. Other industries include food processing, vehicle repair, and the production of woolen textiles, ...

...which feathers of birds have been pierced. The footwear is also symbolic—iron deer hooves, birds’ claws, or bears’ paws. The clothing of the shamans among the Tofalar (Karagasy), Soyet, and Darhat are decorated with representations of human bones—ribs, arm and finger bones. The shamans of the Goldi-Ude tribe perform the ceremony in a singular shirt and in a front and...

member of the Iranian branch of the Indo-Iranian family of languages; it is, along with Pashto, one of the two official languages of Afghanistan. Dari is the Afghan dialect of Farsi (Persian). It is written in a modified Arabic alphabet, and it has many Arabic and Persian loanwords. The syntax of Dari does not differ greatly from Farsi, but the stress accent is less prominent i...

The modern town caters to tourists who visit its 17th-century Hindu monuments as well as a large mosque (Jāmiʿ Masjid) built by Tippu Sultan. The Daria Daulat (1784), the Tippu’s elaborate summer palace with murals of processions and battle scenes, is in the eastern suburb of Ganjām. Nearby Lal Bagh (“Red Garden”) contains the mausoleum where the two sulta...

...of Asia Minor. The first ruler of the Achaemenid dynasty to strike coins was probably Darius I (522–486 bc), as the Greek historian Herodotus suggests. The coins of the dynasty were the daric struck from gold of very pure quality and the siglos in silver; 20 sigloi (shekels) made a daric, which weighed 8.4 grams. The types of both coins were the same: obverse, the Persian k...

geographic region of the easternmost Isthmus of Panama; it extends into northwestern Colombia, around the Gulf of Urabá (a section of the Gulf of Darién), and forms the physiographic link between Central and South America. A hot, humid area typified by tropical rainforests, mangrove swamps, and low mountain r...

town (township), Fairfield county, southwestern Connecticut, U.S., on Long Island Sound. Originally part of Stamford, the area was settled by colonists from Wethersfield about 1641, and a separate community life began in 1737 when the newly named Middlesex Parish was separated from Stamford. It was incorporated as a town i...

city, seat (1818) of McIntosh county, southeastern Georgia, U.S. It is situated near the mouth of the Altamaha River on the Atlantic coast, about 20 miles (32 km) north of Brunswick. The site, near Fort King George, was settled in 1736 by Scottish Highlanders under John McIntosh Mohr, who called the place New Inverness and established Fort Darien (named for ...

triangular southernmost extension of the Caribbean Sea, bounded by Panama on the southwest and by Colombia on the southeast and east. The inner section, which is called the Gulf of Urabá, is a shallow, mangrove-lined arm lying between Caribana Point and Cape Tiburón, Colombia. The delta of the Atrato River protrudes into the gulf. Farther northwest along the Panama coast of the gulf,...

A pair of contiguous parks administer a large part of the region—Darién National Park in Panama and Los Katíos National Park in Colombia. The Panamanian park was established as the Alto Darién Forest Reserve in 1972 and elevated to national park status in 1980; it covers some 2,305 square miles (5,970 square km). The Colombian park was established in 1974 and extended.....

...of valleys separated by low but rugged mountains and many volcanoes. This intricately dissected region includes the Cordillera Entre Ríos, on the Honduras border; the Cordilleras Isabelia and Dariense, in the north-central area; and the Huapí, Amerrique, and Yolaina mountains, in the southeast. The mountains are highest in the north, and Mogotón Peak (6,900 feet [2,103......

First figure:Barbara, Celarent, Darii, Ferio,...

American singer and songwriter whose quest for success in several genres made him a ubiquitous presence in pop entertainment in the late 1950s and ’60s....

influential Nicaraguan poet, journalist, and diplomat. As a leader of the Spanish American literary movement known as Modernismo, which flourished at the end of the 19th century, he revivified and modernized poetry in Spanish on both sides of the Atlantic through his experiments with rhythm, metre, and imagery. Darío developed a highly original poetic style that founded a...

minister of the Achaemenid king Xerxes I of Persia, whom he murdered in 465. According to one Greek source, Artabanus had previously killed Xerxes’ son Darius and feared that the father would avenge him; other sources relate that he killed Xerxes first and then, pretending that Darius had done so, induced Darius’ brother Artaxerxes I to avenge the “parricide.” Artabanus...

...In the main gatehouse, with its guardian bulls and bull-men, the square appears as an independent unit. Facing it at a higher level is the largest building of all, the great Apadana (hall) of Darius. It is 272 feet (83 metres) square and is said to have accommodated 10,000 people. The four corner towers presumably contained guardrooms and stairs. The sculptured stairway by which it was......

king of Persia in 522–486 bc, one of the greatest rulers of the Achaemenid dynasty, who was noted for his administrative genius and for his great building projects. Darius attempted several times to conquer Greece; his fleet was destroyed by a storm in 492, and the Athenians defeated his army at Marathon in 490....

Achaemenid king (reigned 423–404 bc) of Persia....

the last king (reigned 336–330 bc) of the Achaemenid dynasty....

king of Persia in 522–486 bc, one of the greatest rulers of the Achaemenid dynasty, who was noted for his administrative genius and for his great building projects. Darius attempted several times to conquer Greece; his fleet was destroyed by a storm in 492, and the Athenians defeated his army at Marathon in 490....

...and cultivated. Some of the finest tea plantations of India are situated there. From the Duārs, the Himalayan mountain ranges rise abruptly along the northern boundary of the state. Here the Dārjiling district is located near Sikkim. Mount Kānchenjunga, with adjacent high peaks in Sikkim, dominates the Dārjiling landscape, and Mount Everest can be seen in the distanc...

city, extreme northern West Bengal state, northeastern India. Darjiling lies about 305 miles (490 km) north of Kolkata (Calcutta). The city is situated on a long, narrow mountain ridge of the Sikkim Himalayas that descends abruptly to the bed of the Great Rangit River. Darjiling lies at an elevation of about 7,000 feet (2,100 metres). On a clear day the city a...

...of a logic, symbolic or otherwise. The prolific Wolff publicized Leibniz’ general views widely and spawned two minor symbolic formulations of logic; that of J.A. Segner in 1740 and that of Joachim Georg Darjes (1714–91) in 1747. Segner used the notation “B < A” to signify, intensionally in the manner of Leibniz, that the concept of B is included in the concept...

...and cultivated. Some of the finest tea plantations of India are situated there. From the Duārs, the Himalayan mountain ranges rise abruptly along the northern boundary of the state. Here the Dārjiling district is located near Sikkim. Mount Kānchenjunga, with adjacent high peaks in Sikkim, dominates the Dārjiling landscape, and Mount Everest can be seen in the distanc...

city, extreme northern West Bengal state, northeastern India. Darjiling lies about 305 miles (490 km) north of Kolkata (Calcutta). The city is situated on a long, narrow mountain ridge of the Sikkim Himalayas that descends abruptly to the bed of the Great Rangit River. Darjiling lies at an elevation of about 7,000 feet (2,100 metres). On a clear day the city a...

...In the retina of the eye, retinal is combined with a protein called opsin; the complex molecules formed as a result of this combination and known as rhodopsin (or visual purple) are involved in dark vision. The vitamin D group is required for growth (especially bone growth or calcification). The vitamin E group also is necessary for normal animal growth; without vitamin E, animals are not......

During the 13th century bc the great palatial centres of the Aegean world came to a violent end. Both internal dissension and foreign invasion seem to have played a part in this development, and, if the exact course of events is still obscure, the end result is quite clear: Greece was severely depopulated and impoverished. The small, scattered settlements that took the place of the g...