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Argentine poet, essayist, and short-story writer whose works have become classics of 20th-century world literature....

Argentine writer and editor, known both for his own work and for his collaborations with Jorge Luis Borges. His elegantly constructed works are oriented toward metaphysical possibilities and employ the fantastic to achieve their meanings....

In important respects the pachycephalosaurs conformed to the basic ornithopod body plan, and there is some evidence that pachycephalosaurs actually evolved from (and are therefore members of) ornithopods, perhaps similar to hypsilophodontids. All of them appear to have been bipedal. They bore the typical ornithopod ossified tendons along the back, and they had simple leaf-shaped teeth, although......

Japan’s second largest labour union federation until it disbanded in 1987....

Japan’s second largest labour union federation until it disbanded in 1987....

national nonprofit news agency founded in November 1945 to replace the pre-World War II Dōmei Tsūshinsha (“Federated News Agency”), which had served as the official news service of the Japanese government since 1936. Despite competition from the beginning with the Jiji news agency, formed by Dōmei employees who did not join Kyōdō, the latter gradual...

...Ralph Rainger, lyrics by Leo RobinHonorary Award: J. Arthur Ball, Deanna Durbin, Mickey Rooney, Harry M. WarnerHonorary Award: Walt Disney for Snow White and the Seven DwarfsHonorary Award: Jan Domela, Farciot Edouart, Loyal Griggs, Dev Jennings, Gordon Jennings, Louis H. Mesenkop, Harry Mills,......

Ernestina de Champourcin published four volumes of exuberant, personal, intellectual poetry before going into exile (1936–72) with her husband, José Domenchina, a minor poet of the Generation of 1927. Presencia a oscuras (1952; “Presence in Darkness”) reacted to the marginality she felt while in exile and commenced a spiritual quest intensified by......

Italian painter who was a leading practitioner of Baroque classicism in Rome and Bologna....

Italian conductor and composer of liturgical music and more than 50 operas....

The finest example of the early French Renaissance style is the château, or hunting lodge, erected between 1519 and 1547 for Francis I at Chambord. The Italian architect Bernabei Domenico da Cortona presumably made the basic model for the château, but the designs of Italian architects were usually executed by French builders (in this case Pierre Nepveu), often with many changes.......

The imprudence of the most impassioned of his followers, Fra Domenico da Pescia, brought events to a head. Fra Domenico took at his word a Franciscan who had challenged to ordeal by fire anyone who maintained the invalidity of Savonarola’s excommunication. The Signoria and the whole population of the most civilized city in Italy greedily encouraged that barbarous experiment, as it alone see...

early Italian Renaissance painter, one of the protagonists of the 15th-century Florentine school of painting....

Italian painter and sculptor, a leader in the post-Renaissance style known as Mannerism....

...of muffled drums, the harsh bitter wail of gypsy lament, the overwhelming gaiety of the village band, and above all the wiry tension of the Spanish dance.(R. K.: Domenico Scarlatti)...

early Italian Renaissance painter, one of the protagonists of the 15th-century Florentine school of painting....

the original record or summary of William I’s survey of England. By contemporaries the whole operation was known as “the description of England,” but the popular name Domesday—i.e., “doomsday,” when men face the record from which there is no appeal—was in general use by the mid-12th century. The survey, in the scope of its detail ...

In the 19th century the church expanded westward through the work of the Domestic and Foreign Missionary Society (organized in 1820). Foreign missions were begun in Greece in 1829 and subsequently expanded to other countries....

Domestic architecture is produced for the social unit: the individual, family, or clan and their dependents, human and animal. It provides shelter and security for the basic physical functions of life and at times also for commercial, industrial, or agricultural activities that involve the family unit rather than the community. The basic requirements of domestic architecture are simple: a place......

(species Felis catus), domesticated member of the family Felidae, order Carnivora. Like all felids, domestic cats, the smallest members of the family, are characterized by supple, low-slung bodies, finely molded heads, long tails that aid in balance, and specialized teeth and claws that adapt them admirably to a life of active hunting. Domestic cats possess other features of their ...

in animal husbandry, birds raised commercially or domestically for meat, eggs, and feathers. Chickens, ducks, turkeys, and geese are of primary commercial importance, while guinea fowl and squabs are chiefly of local interest....

The domestic garden can assume almost any identity the owner wishes within the limits of climate, materials, and means. The size of the plot is one of the main factors, deciding not only the scope but also the kind of display and usage. Limits on space near urban centres, as well as the wish to spend less time on upkeep, have tended to make modern gardens ever smaller. Paradoxically, this......

Gases may act as local irritants to inflame mucous surfaces. Common examples include sulfur dioxide, chlorine, and fluorine, which have pungent odours and can severely irritate the eyes and the respiratory tract. Some gases, such as nitrogen oxides and phosgene, are much more insidious. Victims may be unaware of the danger of exposure because the immediate effects of these gases may be mild and......

...by other, healthy bee colonies in the immediate area, as well as slower than normal invasion by common pests, such as wax moths and small hive beetles. The disorder appears to affect only the European honeybee (Apis mellifera)....

...grapples with a miscarriage. The same characters reappear in Rounds (1979), in which their lives are intertwined with those of a doctor and a psychologist. Domestic Particulars: A Family Chronicle (1976), a collection of interlinked short stories, catalogs in vivid detail the everyday lives of people caught up in often futile attempts to express...

legal or personal recognition of the committed, marriagelike partnership of a couple. Until the late 20th century the term domestic partnership usually referred to heterosexual couples who lived in a relationship like that of a married couple but who chose not to marry. (After a certain period [often a year] in this relationship, their legal rights and responsibilities were typically ...

bird of the family Columbidae (order Columbiformes) that was perhaps the first bird tamed by man. Figurines, mosaics, and coins have portrayed the domestic pigeon since at least 4500 bc (Mesopotamia). From Egyptian times the pigeon has been important as food. Its role as messenger has a long history. Today it is an important laboratory animal, especially in endocrinology and genetics...

...of the fateful foreign policies preceding the war in the economic and social conflicts of prewar Europe. A young German, Eckhart Kehr, turned Ranke on his head by postulating a “primacy of domestic policy” and argued that a state’s foreign policy derives from domestic social and political forces, not vice versa. In particular, imperialism and militarism were seen to be defe...

Family courts were first established in the United States in 1910, when they were called domestic relations courts. The idea itself is much older. In the 19th century, the Court for Divorce and Matrimonial Causes was established in England to relieve the ecclesiastical courts of the burden of such cases....

British architect and urban designer important for his residential architecture and for his role in the English Domestic Revival movement....

American chemist and founder of the home economics movement in the United States....

the employment of hired workers by private households for the performance of tasks such as housecleaning, cooking, child care, gardening, and personal service. It also includes the performance of similar tasks for hire in public institutions and businesses, including hotels and boarding houses....

There are three types of wastewater, or sewage: domestic sewage, industrial sewage, and storm sewage. Domestic sewage carries used water from houses and apartments; it is also called sanitary sewage. Industrial sewage is used water from manufacturing or chemical processes. Storm sewage, or storm water, is runoff from precipitation that is collected in a system of pipes or open channels....

breed of domestic cat often referred to as a common, or alley, cat; a good show animal, however, is purebred and pedigreed and has been carefully bred to conform to a set standard of appearance. The domestic shorthair is required by show standards to be a sturdily built cat with strong-boned legs and a round head with round eyes and ears that are rounded at the tips. The coat mu...

production system widespread in 17th-century western Europe in which merchant-employers “put out” materials to rural producers who usually worked in their homes but sometimes laboured in workshops or in turn put out work to others. Finished products were returned to the employers for payment on a piecework or wage basis. The domestic system differed from the handicraft system of home...

drama in which the tragic protagonists are ordinary middle class or lower class individuals, in contrast to classical and Neoclassical tragedy, in which the protagonists are of kingly or aristocratic rank and their downfall is an affair of state as well as a personal matter. The earliest known examples of domestic tragedy are three anonymous late Elizabethan dramas: Arden of...

social and legal concept that, in the broadest sense, refers to any abuse that takes place among people living in the same household, although the term is often used specifically to refer to assaults upon women by their male partners. Estimated annual figures for the number of women in the United States who are subjected to psychological, verbal, emotional, or physical abuse by a male partner rang...

lepidopteran whose caterpillar has been used in silk production (sericulture) for thousands of years. Although native to China, the silkworm has been introduced throughout the world and approaches complete domestication. The adult attains a wingspan of 40 to 50 mm (about 2 inches) and has a thick bristly body. In its brief adulthood of two o...

the process of hereditary reorganization of wild animals and plants into domestic and cultivated forms according to the interests of people. In its strictest sense it refers to the initial stage of human mastery of wild animals and plants. The fundamental distinction of domesticated animals and plants from their wild ancestors is that they are created by human labour to meet sp...

writer, poet, politician, and prime minister of New Zealand (1862–63), whose idealization of the Maori in his writings contrasts with his support of the punitive control of Maori land....

a copper arsenide mineral (formulated Cu3As) that is often intergrown with algodonite, another copper arsenide. Both are classified among the sulfide minerals, although they contain no sulfur. They occur in Chile, in Keweenaw County, Mich., and in other localities. Domeykite crystallizes in the isometric system. For detailed physical properties, see sulfide mineral...

...depression extends north and south and forms the high Tamarugal Plain at an elevation of more than 3,000 feet (900 m). Farther to the east in the western outliers of the Andes, preceded by the Cordillera Domeyko, there are numerous volcanic cones, some exceeding 16,000 feet (4,900 m) in elevation. Along Chile’s northeastern frontier with Argentina and Bolivia extends the Atacama Plateau,...

...of sedimentaries of the Paleozoic era more than 250 million years old. Also found there are tableland areas of Mesozoic limestones, about 150 million years old, containing such large caves as the Domica-Aggtelek Cave on the Slovak-Hungarian boundary, which is 13 miles long. Mountain groups of volcanic origin are important in this part of the Carpathians; the largest among them is Pol’ana...

in law, a person’s dwelling place as it is defined for purposes of judicial jurisdiction and governmental burdens and benefits. Certain aspects of a person’s legal existence do not vary with the state he happens to be in at any given moment but are governed by a personal law that follows him at all times. In Anglo-American countries applying the common law, one...

...until he was able to resume his journalistic career and, eventually, put his ideas into creative practice. Again like Doinel in Domicile conjugale (1970; Bed and Board), he married and became the father of two daughters....

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in genetics, greater influence by one of a pair of genes (alleles) that affect the same inherited character. If an individual pea plant with the alleles T and t (T = tallness, t = shortness) is the same height as a TT individual, the T allele (and the trait of tallness) is said to be completely dominant; if the Tt individual is shorter than the ...

a form of animal social structure in which a linear or nearly linear ranking exists, with each animal dominant over those below it and submissive to those above it in the hierarchy. Dominance hierarchies are best known in social mammals, such as baboons and wolves, and in birds, notably chickens (in which the term peck order or peck right is often applied)....

a form of animal social structure in which a linear or nearly linear ranking exists, with each animal dominant over those below it and submissive to those above it in the hierarchy. Dominance hierarchies are best known in social mammals, such as baboons and wolves, and in birds, notably chickens (in which the term peck order or peck right is often applied)....

...no complete knowledge of the genetic makeup of any breed of livestock exists yet, genetic variations can be used for improving stock. Researchers partition total genetic variation into additive, dominance, and epistatic types of gene action, which are defined in the following paragraphs. Additive variation is easiest to use in breeding because it is common and the effect of each allele at a......

in music, the fifth tone or degree of a diatonic scale (i.e., any of the major or minor scales of the tonal harmonic system), or the triad built upon this degree. In the key of C, for example, the dominant degree is the note G; the dominant triad is formed by the notes G–B–D in the key of C major or C minor. For further explanations of these rela...

...two or more parcels of land, one of which is burdened and the other benefited by the servitude. The burdened parcel is called the “servient estate” and the benefited parcel the “dominant estate.” Benefits and burdens that run with the land are “appurtenant” (i.e., they must be used for specific property) and cannot generally be detached from the land wi...

in genetics, greater influence by one of a pair of genes (alleles) that affect the same inherited character. If an individual pea plant with the alleles T and t (T = tallness, t = shortness) is the same height as a TT individual, the T allele (and the trait of tallness) is said to be completely dominant; if the Tt individual is shorter than the ...

...E on the chromaticity diagram, as shown in the figure, and extending a line through it from the achromatic point W to the saturated spectral boundary, it is possible to determine the dominant wavelength of the pigment colour, 511.9 nm. The colour of the pigment is the visual equivalent of adding white light and light of 511.9 nm in amounts proportional to the lengths n......

...particularly of slaves. The name became the official title for the emperor, beginning with Diocletian, who reigned from ad 284 to 305; and thus he and his successors are often referred to as the dominate (dominatus), as contrasted with the earlier principate (principatus) of Augustus and his successors. Some earlier emperors, such as Caligula (reigned ad...

...and Places (1944, 1945, 1953). When Rome was liberated in 1944, the 80-year-old author found himself visited by an “avalanche” of American admirers. By now he was immersed in Dominations and Powers (1951), an analysis of man in society; and then with heroic tenacity—for he was nearly deaf and half blind—he gave himself to translating Lorenzo de’ ...

From studies of the action potentials in single fibres of the optic nerve, Granit formed his “dominator-modulator” theory of colour vision. In this theory he proposed that in addition to the three kinds of photosensitive cones—the colour receptors in the retina—which respond to different portions of the light spectrum, some optic nerve fibres (dominators) are sensitive....

...particularly of slaves. The name became the official title for the emperor, beginning with Diocletian, who reigned from ad 284 to 305; and thus he and his successors are often referred to as the dominate (dominatus), as contrasted with the earlier principate (principatus) of Augustus and his successors. Some earlier emperors, such as Caligula (reigned ad...

Spanish-born singer, conductor, and opera administrator; his resonant, powerful tenor voice, imposing physical stature, good looks, and dramatic ability made him one of the most popular tenors of his time....

poet and author of the late Romantic period who is considered one of the first modern Spanish poets....

Probably the best practitioner of Gongorist poetry in colonial Latin America was Hernando Domínguez Camargo, a Jesuit born in Bogotá. Domínguez Camargo wrote a voluminous epic, Poema heroico de San Ignacio de Loyola (1666; “Heroic Poem in Praise of St. Ignatius Loyola”), praising the founder of the Jesuit order, but he is best......

...indicate prehistoric occupation. The first sighting of the Grand Canyon by a European is credited to the Francisco Coronado expedition of 1540, and subsequent discovery to two Spanish priests, Francisco Domínguez and Silvestre Vélez de Escalante, in 1776. In the early 1800s trappers examined it, and sundry government expeditions exploring and mapping the West began to record......

Spanish matador, one of the major bullfighters of the mid-20th century. He was an international celebrity in his day, known as much for his hobnobbing with the rich and famous as for his bullfighting....

in ancient Rome, “master,” or “owner,” particularly of slaves. The name became the official title for the emperor, beginning with Diocletian, who reigned from ad 284 to 305; and thus he and his successors are often referred to as the dominate (dominatus), as contrasted with the earlier principate (principatus) of Augustus a...

African American poet, essayist, and autobiographer known for her passionate writings on lesbian feminism and racial issues....

...centuries have witnessed a tremendous development of congregations of Dominican sisters engaged in teaching, nursing, and a wide variety of charitable works. Some of these congregations, such as the Maryknoll Sisters, are devoted to work in foreign missions....

mystic and Passionist who worked as a missionary in England....

founder of the Order of Friars Preachers (Dominicans), a religious order of mendicant friars with a universal mission of preaching, a centralized organization and government, and a great emphasis on scholarship....

island nation of the Lesser Antilles in the Caribbean Sea. It lies between the French islands of Guadeloupe and Marie-Galante to the north and Martinique to the south. It has been a member of the Commonwealth since independence in 1978. It is 29 miles (47 kilometres) long, has a maximum breadth of 16 miles, and is 290 square miles (750 square kilometres) in area. The capital and chief port is Rose...

island nation of the Lesser Antilles in the Caribbean Sea. It lies between the French islands of Guadeloupe and Marie-Galante to the north and Martinique to the south. It has been a member of the Commonwealth since independence in 1978. It is 29 miles (47 kilometres) long, has a maximum breadth of 16 miles, and is 290 square miles (750 square kilometres) in area. The capital and chief port is Rose...

marine passage in the Lesser Antilles, West Indies, connecting the Caribbean Sea with the open Atlantic Ocean to the east. It flows between the island of Dominica (north) and the French island and overseas département of Martinique (south) and is about 25 miles (40 km) wide....

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The winner of the 1980 elections, Eugenia Charles, became the Caribbean’s first female prime minister. She had initially formed her party, the Dominica Freedom Party, to oppose legislation limiting freedom of the press. More conservative in her approach than either of her predecessors, she moved Dominica toward closer ties with Barbados. Her government faced several coup attempts in 1981, b...

in the Julian calendar, a period of 532 years covering a complete cycle of New Moons (19 years between occurrences on the same date) and of dominical letters—i.e., correspondences between days of the week and of the month, which recur every 28 years in the same order. The product of 19 and 28 is the interval in years (532) between recurrences of a given phase of the Moon on the......

U.S. author, nun, and founder of the Servants of Relief for Incurable Cancer, a Roman Catholic congregation of nuns affiliated with the Third Order of St. Dominic and dedicated to serving victims of terminal cancer....

professional baseball player, the first Latin American to pitch a no-hitter (on June 15, 1963) in the major leagues. (See also Sidebar: Latin Americans in Major League Baseball.)...

...is the 13th-century structure at Malbork, a massive fortified castle constructed of 4.5 million bricks. Cultural events include the International Song Festival of popular music in Sopot and the Dominican Fair (Jarmark Dominikanski), the longest-running event in Gdańsk, which dates to 1260. Notable museums include the National Museum and the Maritime Museum in Gdańsk, the......

...from the Autonomous University of Santo Domingo with honours in law. He worked as a teacher and journalist and also practiced law before entering politics. The presidential candidate of the Dominican Liberation Party (PLD), he lost the first round of the elections to the mayor of Santo Domingo, José Francisco Peña Gómez, of the Dominican Revolutionary Party. After......

one of the four great mendicant orders of the Roman Catholic church, was founded by St. Dominic in 1215. Dominic, a priest of the Spanish diocese of Osma, accompanied his bishop on a preaching mission among the Albigensian heretics of southern France, where he founded a convent at Prouille in 1206, partly for his converts, which was served b...

country of the West Indies that occupies the eastern two-thirds of Hispaniola, the second largest island of the Greater Antilles chain in the Caribbean Sea. Haiti, also an independent republic, occupies the western third of the island. The Dominican Republic’s shores are washed by the Caribbean to the sout...

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The following discussion focuses on the history of the Dominican Republic from the time of European settlement. For a treatment of the country in its regional context, see West Indies, history of, and Latin America, history of....

Bosch, an intellectual, was an early opponent of Rafael Trujillo’s dictatorial regime. He went into exile in 1937 and in 1939 founded the leftist Dominican Revolutionary Party (Partido Revolucionario Dominicano; PRD). The PRD was the first well-organized political party of the Dominican Republic and the only one with a constructive program ready to implement after Trujillo’s death in...

...centuries have witnessed a tremendous development of congregations of Dominican sisters engaged in teaching, nursing, and a wide variety of charitable works. Some of these congregations, such as the Maryknoll Sisters, are devoted to work in foreign missions....

private, coeducational university in the Chicago suburb River Forest, Illinois, U.S. It is affiliated with the Sinsinawa Dominican Sisters, a religious order of the Roman Catholic Church. The school was initially founded in 1848 in Wisconsin as St. Clara Academy, a frontier school for women, by a Dominican educator who rejected the course of...

country of the West Indies that occupies the eastern two-thirds of Hispaniola, the second largest island of the Greater Antilles chain in the Caribbean Sea. Haiti, also an independent republic, occupies the western third of the island. The Dominican Republic’s shores are washed by the Caribbean to the sout...

...centuries have witnessed a tremendous development of congregations of Dominican sisters engaged in teaching, nursing, and a wide variety of charitable works. Some of these congregations, such as the Maryknoll Sisters, are devoted to work in foreign missions....

...1422, he became a Dominican friar and resided in the priory of San Domenico at Fiesole, there taking the name of Fra Giovanni da Fiesole. At Fiesole he was probably influenced by the teachings of Giovanni Dominici, the militant leader of the reformed Dominicans; the writings of Dominici defended traditional spirituality against the onslaught of humanism....

archdeacon of Segovia, philosopher and linguist whose Latin translations of Greco-Arabic philosophical works contributed to the Latin West’s knowledge of the Eastern Aristotelian and Neoplatonic traditions and advanced the integration of Christian philosophy with the ancient Greek intellectual experience....

Douhet’s most noted book is Il dominio dell’aria (1921; The Command of the Air, 1942). He challenged the violent opposition it aroused until strategic air power became an accepted part of military thinking. Although technological developments have made some of his ideas obsolete, his theory of the important role of strategic bombing in disorganizing and annihilating an ...

the status, prior to 1939, of each of the British Commonwealth countries of Canada, Australia, New Zealand, the Union of South Africa, Eire, and Newfoundland. Although there was no formal definition of dominion status, a pronouncement by the Imperial Conference of 1926 described Great...

Ottawa, part of the Plant Research Institute of Agriculture Canada (formerly Canada Department of Agriculture). Established in 1889, the arboretum is Canada’s oldest. It occupies 40 hectares (99 acres) and includes about 10,000 kinds of plants. Its special collections of flowering crabs, lilacs, lilies, and hedge plants are as much for experimental work and study as for display to the publi...

the national holiday of Canada. The possibility of a confederation between the colonies of British North America was discussed throughout the mid 1800s. On July 1, 1867, a dominion was formed through the British North America Act as approved by the British Parliament. It consisted of territories then called Upper and Lower Canada and of New Brunswick and Nova Scotia. The act divided Canada into th...

The Dominion Lands Act of 1872 (which provided low-cost homesteads), the building of the Canadian Pacific Railway (which reached Calgary in 1883), and vigorous promotional campaigns brought an influx of settlers from eastern Canada, the United States, and Europe. By 1901 the population had reached 73,000, and by 1911 it had ballooned to 374,000. The development of earlier-maturing and more......

an island nation in the South Pacific. New Zealand is a remote land. One of the last sizable territories suitable for habitation to be populated and settled, it lies more than 1,000 miles (1,600 km) southeast of Australia, its nearest neighbour. The country comprises two main islands—the North and South islands—and a number of small islands, some of them hundreds of miles from the ma...

...of the Rights of British America (1774). Jefferson insisted on the autonomy of colonial legislative power and set forth a highly individualistic view of the basis of American rights. This belief that the American colonies and other members of the British Empire were distinct states united under the king and thus subject only to the king and not to Parliament was shared by several.....

Haitian radio journalist (b. 1931, Haiti—d. April 3, 2000, Port-au-Prince, Haiti), was one of Haiti’s most outspoken political commentators and a leading pro-democracy activist. In the 1960s he began work at Radio Haiti Inter, a prominent radio station that, under Dominique’s leadership, became an instrument of resistance to the tyrannical rule of the Duvalier family. Dominiqu...

In classical Roman law (c. ad 1–250), the sum of rights, privileges, and powers that a legal person could have in a thing was called dominium, or proprietas (ownership). The classical Roman jurists do not state that their system tends to ascribe proprietas to the current possessor of the thing but that it did so is clear enough. Once the Roman syste...

simple gambling card game playable by two to eight players. The full deck of 52 cards is dealt out singly, so some hands may contain one more card than others. All players ante an agreed amount to a betting pool. In some circles anyone dealt one card fewer than others must ante an extra chip. Each player in turn, starting at the dealer’s left, must play one card to the layout if legally abl...

American singer and pianist, a rhythm-and-blues star who became one of the first rock-and-roll stars and who helped define the New Orleans sound. Altogether his relaxed, stylized recordings of the 1950s and ’60s sold some 65 million copies, making him one of the most popular performers of the early rock era....