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supervised conditional release from prison granted prior to the expiration of a sentence.
In French parole means “word,” and its use in connection with the release of prisoners was derived from the idea that they were released on their word of honour that they would commit no further crimes. The practice of allowing prisoners to be released from prison before serving their full sentences dates to at least the 18th century. In England at that time, nearly all serious crimes (felonies) were punishable by death, though relatively few offenders were actually executed. The king granted the majority of those sentenced to death a pardon on the condition that the offender agree to be transported to a penal colony (e.g., Australia or America for English convicts; Africa, New Caledonia, or French Guiana for French convicts). Eventually the courts were given the power to pronounce sentences of transportation themselves, usually for a period specified in the sentence, though most sentences of transportation were modified by executive action. England developed a system of “ticket of leave,” in which convicts detained under a sentence of transportation were allowed a measure of freedom or the right to return to England in return for good behaviour. England abolished the sentence of transportation in the mid-19th century (French penal colonies continued to operate into the mid-20th century) and replaced it with penal servitude, which incorporated a similar procedure under a different name, “release on license.” Through good behaviour in custody, a convict sentenced to penal servitude could earn release from a penitentiary. However, release was conditional on good behaviour outside prison; if another offense was committed, the convict could be returned to prison to serve out the rest of his sentence (known as the remanet).
An essential feature of parole is...
Aspects of this topic are discussed in the following places at Britannica.
...University of Maryland and Patapsco Valley State Park are nearby. In 1968 a group of citizens burned the records of the local draft board in protest against the Vietnam War and became known as the Catonsville Nine; their subsequent trial, imprisonment, and parole received worldwide publicity. Pop. (1990) 35,233.
Aspects of this topic are discussed in the following places at Britannica.
...a corporate board; a corrupt politician may be blocked from holding future public office; and parents who abuse their children may be deprived of parental rights. Finally, new technologies, such as electronic monitoring through ankle bracelets and other surveillance devices, have allowed probation and parole officers to restrict the movement of offenders who live in their own homes or in...
Aspects of this topic are discussed in the following places at Britannica.
...where a wrongful termination suit paved the way for his second career. He represented the former chairperson of the state parole board, Marie Ragghianti, after Ragghianti was fired by Gov. Ray Blanton for refusing to grant early releases to inmates who had bribed members of Blanton’s staff. The story was made into the film Marie (1985), and Thompson was cast to...
