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Zhoucun (district, Zibo, China)
...central Shandong sheng (province), eastern China. The municipality is a regional city complex made up of five major towns: Zhangdian (Zibo), Linzi, Zhoucun, Zichuan, and Boshan. Each is now a district of the municipality. Zhangdian, in the north-central part of the municipality, is its administrative seat. Linzi constitutes the eastern district......
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Zhougong (regent of Chou)
major political figure who solidified the power of the Zhou dynasty (1046–256 bce) in its early years. Confucius esteemed Zhougong as a paragon for later Chinese rulers and ministers....
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“Zhouguan” (Chinese ritual text)
one of three ancient ritual texts listed among the Nine, Twelve, and Thirteen Classics of Confucianism. Though tradition ascribed the text to the political figure Zhougong (flourished 12th century bc), the work is considered by modern scholars to have been an anonymous utopian “constitution” written perhaps about 300 bc. For many centuri...
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Zhoujia Dukou (China)
city, eastern Henan sheng (province), east-central China. The city is situated on the upper course of the Ying River, a tributary of the Huai River, at its confluence with the Sha and Jialu rivers. These rivers are navigable by small craft, and Zhoukou traditionally was an important river port providing a transportation ...
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Zhoukou (China)
city, eastern Henan sheng (province), east-central China. The city is situated on the upper course of the Ying River, a tributary of the Huai River, at its confluence with the Sha and Jialu rivers. These rivers are navigable by small craft, and Zhoukou traditionally was an important river port providing a transportation ...
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Zhoukoudian (archaeological site, China)
archaeological site near the village of Zhoukoudian, Beijing municipality, China, 26 miles (42 km) southwest of the central city. The site, including some four residential areas, has yielded the largest known collection of fossils of the extinct hominin Homo erectus—altogether some 40 incomplete skeletons, which are commonly...
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Zhoukoudian industry (prehistoric relics)
tool assemblage discovered along with cultural remains at the Chou-k’ou-tien (Pinyin Zhoukoudian) caves near Peking, site of Homo erectus finds. See Chopper chopping-tool industry....
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Zhoukouzhen (China)
city, eastern Henan sheng (province), east-central China. The city is situated on the upper course of the Ying River, a tributary of the Huai River, at its confluence with the Sha and Jialu rivers. These rivers are navigable by small craft, and Zhoukou traditionally was an important river port providing a transportation ...
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Zhouli (Chinese ritual text)
one of three ancient ritual texts listed among the Nine, Twelve, and Thirteen Classics of Confucianism. Though tradition ascribed the text to the political figure Zhougong (flourished 12th century bc), the work is considered by modern scholars to have been an anonymous utopian “constitution” written perhaps about 300 bc. For many centuri...
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Zhoushan Archipelago (archipelago, China)
group of more than 400 islands off the northern coast of Zhejiang province, eastern China. The administrative centre of the archipelago is at Dinghai, the main town on Zhoushan Island. Daishan Island lies north of Zhoushan Island....
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Zhoushan Qundao (archipelago, China)
group of more than 400 islands off the northern coast of Zhejiang province, eastern China. The administrative centre of the archipelago is at Dinghai, the main town on Zhoushan Island. Daishan Island lies north of Zhoushan Island....
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Zhovtneve (Ukraine)
...centres of Ukraine. The city also has a wide range of other engineering and consumer-goods industries. An alumina-processing plant utilizing imported bauxite was built in the 1970s in the suburb of Zhovtneve. Mykolayiv is a modern city in appearance, laid out on a gridiron pattern of broad streets. Pop. (2001) 514,136; (2005 est.) 509,011....
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zhu (musical instrument)
ancient Chinese struck half-tube zither, now obsolete. Early forms had five strings that appear to have been struck with a bamboo stick. The instrument was narrow and slightly convex on top, and the strings were passed over bridges (possibly movable) at both ends. Surviving examples range in length from about 93 cm to about 118 cm (36 to 46 inches). It was one of several zithers...
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Zhu Chongba (emperor of Ming dynasty)
reign name (nianhao) of the Chinese emperor (reigned 1368–98) who founded the Ming dynasty that ruled China for nearly 300 years. During his reign, the Hongwu emperor instituted military, administrative, and educational reforms that centred power in the emperor....
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Zhu Da (Chinese painter)
Buddhist monk who was, with Shitao, one of the most famous Individualist painters of the early Qing period....
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Zhu De (Chinese military leader)
one of China’s greatest military leaders and the founder of the Chinese communist army....
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Zhu Di (emperor of Ming dynasty)
reign name (nianhao) of the third emperor (1402–24) of China’s Ming dynasty (1368–1644), which he raised to its greatest power. He moved the capital from Nanjing to Beijing, which was rebuilt with the Forbidden City....
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Zhu Houcong (emperor of Ming dynasty)
(b. 1507, China—d. 1566/67, China), reign name (nianhao) of the 11th emperor of the Ming dynasty (1368–1644), whose long reign (1521–66/67) added a degree of stability to the government but whose neglect of official duties ushered in an era of misrule....
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Zhu Houzhao (emperor of Ming dynasty)
reign name (nianhao) of the 11th emperor (reigned 1505–21) of the Ming dynasty (1368–1644), during whose reign eunuchs achieved such power within the government that subsequent rulers proved unable to dislodge them....
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Zhu Huang (emperor of Later Liang dynasty)
Chinese general who usurped the throne of the last emperor of the Tang dynasty (618–907) and proclaimed himself the first emperor of the Hou (Later) Liang dynasty (907–923)....
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Zhu Jiang Sanjiaozhou (delta, China)
extensive low-lying area formed by the junction of the Xi, Bei, Dong, and Pearl (Zhu) rivers in southern Guangdong province, China. It covers an area of 2,900 square miles (7,500 square km) and stretches from the city of Guangzhou (Canton) in the north to the Macau Special Administrative Region in the so...
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Zhu languages
A traditional linguistic classification of the Southern African Khoisan languages divides them into three effectively unrelated groups: Northern, Central, and Southern. Sandawe of Tanzania has a distant relationship to the Central group, but the place of Hadza even in relation to Sandawe has always been unclear; and the status of Kwadi, an extinct language of Namibe (formerly......
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Zhu Qiyu (emperor of Ming dynasty)
reign name (nianhao) of the seventh emperor (reigned 1449–57) of the Ming dynasty. He ascended to the throne after his brother, the Zhengtong emperor, was captured while leading the imperial forces against the Oryat (western Mongol) leader Esen Taiji in 1449. When Esen tried to take advantage of...
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Zhu Qizhen (emperor of Ming dynasty)
reign name (nianhao) of the sixth and eighth emperor (reigned 1435–49 and 1457–64) of the Ming dynasty (1368–1644), whose court was dominated by eunuchs who weakened the dynasty by a disastrous war with Mongol tribes. In 1435 Zhu Qizhen ascended the throne and became known as the Zhengtong emperor, with his mother, the...
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Zhu Quanzhong (emperor of Later Liang dynasty)
Chinese general who usurped the throne of the last emperor of the Tang dynasty (618–907) and proclaimed himself the first emperor of the Hou (Later) Liang dynasty (907–923)....
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Zhu River (river, China)
...of P’an-yü, although the municipality (shih) of Kuang-chou embraces P’an-yü and several additional counties. The main part of the city is situated on the north bank of the Pearl River, which branches off the Hsi Chiang (“West River”) and forms the northern border of the immense Pearl River, or Canton, Delta (san-chiao-chou) to the south....
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Zhu Rongji (premier of China)
Chinese politician who was a leading economic reformer in the Chinese Communist Party (CCP). He was premier of China from 1998 to 2003....
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Zhu Rueji (Chinese painter)
Chinese painter and theoretician who was, with Zhu Da, one of the most famous of the Individualist painters in the early Qing period....
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Zhu Shijie (Chinese mathematician)
Chinese mathematician who stood at the pinnacle of traditional Chinese mathematics. Zhu is also known for having unified the southern and northern Chinese mathematical traditions....
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Zhu Shunshui (Chinese patriot)
Chinese scholar and patriot who fled China after the destruction of the Ming dynasty (1368–1644). Arriving in Japan, he became one of the primary compilers of the Dai Nihon shi (“History of Great Japan”), a comprehensive rewriting of Japanese history, which served to reawaken nationalistic feelings as well as to de...
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Zhu Wen (emperor of Later Liang dynasty)
Chinese general who usurped the throne of the last emperor of the Tang dynasty (618–907) and proclaimed himself the first emperor of the Hou (Later) Liang dynasty (907–923)....
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Zhu Xi (Chinese philosopher)
Chinese philosopher whose synthesis of neo-Confucian thought long dominated Chinese intellectual life....
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Zhu Xichang (Chinese scholar)
Chinese scholar and poet who helped revive the ci song form during the early Qing dynasty (1644–1911/12)....
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Zhu Yihai (emperor of Nan Ming dynasty)
...Their so-called Nan (Southern) Ming dynasty principally included the prince of Fu (Zhu Yousong, reign name Hongguang), the prince of Tang (Zhu Yujian, reign name Longwu), the prince of Lu (Zhu Yihai, no reign name), and the prince of Gui (Zhu Youlang, reign name Yongli). The loyalist coastal raider Zheng Chenggong (Koxinga) and his heirs held out on Taiwan until 1683....
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Zhu Yijun (emperor of Ming dynasty)
reign name (nianhao) of the emperor of China from 1572 to 1620, during the latter portion of the Ming dynasty (1368–1644)....
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Zhu Yizun (Chinese scholar)
Chinese scholar and poet who helped revive the ci song form during the early Qing dynasty (1644–1911/12)....
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Zhu Youjian (emperor of Ming dynasty)
reign name (nianhao) of the 16th and last emperor (reigned 1627–44) of the Ming dynasty (1368–1644)....
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Zhu Youjiao (emperor of Ming dynasty)
reign name (niaohao) of the 16th and penultimate emperor (reigned 1620–27) of the Ming dynasty, under whose rule the infamous eunuch Wei Zhongxian (1568–1627) dominated the government while the dynasty disintegrated....
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Zhu Youlang (emperor of Nan Ming dynasty)
claimant to the Ming throne after the Manchu forces of Manchuria had captured the Ming capital at Beijing and established the Qing dynasty (1644–1911/12)....
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Zhu Yousong (emperor of Nan Ming dynasty)
...loyalists ineffectively resisted the Qing (Manchu) dynasty from various refuges in the south for a generation. Their so-called Nan (Southern) Ming dynasty principally included the prince of Fu (Zhu Yousong, reign name Hongguang), the prince of Tang (Zhu Yujian, reign name Longwu), the prince of Lu (Zhu Yihai, no reign name), and the prince of Gui (Zhu Youlang, reign name Yongli). The......
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Zhu Yuanzhang (emperor of Ming dynasty)
reign name (nianhao) of the Chinese emperor (reigned 1368–98) who founded the Ming dynasty that ruled China for nearly 300 years. During his reign, the Hongwu emperor instituted military, administrative, and educational reforms that centred power in the emperor....
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Zhu Yujian (emperor of Nan Ming dynasty)
ruler of Fujian province in southeastern China after the Manchu forces of Manchuria (Northeast China) captured the Ming capital at Beijing and established the Qing dynasty (1644–1911/12). He was also a claimant to the Ming throne....
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Zhu Yunwen (emperor of Ming dynasty)
reign name (nianhao) of the second emperor of the Ming dynasty (1368–1644), under whose brief reign (1398–1402) a civil war nearly destroyed the newly founded dynasty....
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Zhu Zaihou (emperor of Ming dynasty)
12th emperor (reigned 1566/67–72) of the Ming dynasty (1368–1644), in whose short reign the famous minister Zhang Juzheng first came to power and the country entered a period of stability and prosperity. During the Longqing emperor’s reign the Mongol leader Altan (died 1583), who had been harassing China’s norther...
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Zhu Zhiyu (Chinese patriot)
Chinese scholar and patriot who fled China after the destruction of the Ming dynasty (1368–1644). Arriving in Japan, he became one of the primary compilers of the Dai Nihon shi (“History of Great Japan”), a comprehensive rewriting of Japanese history, which served to reawaken nationalistic feelings as well as to de...
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Zhu Zhucha (Chinese scholar)
Chinese scholar and poet who helped revive the ci song form during the early Qing dynasty (1644–1911/12)....
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Zhuang (people)
largest ethnic minority of South China, chiefly occupying the Zhuang Autonomous Region of Guangxi (created 1958) and Wenshan in Yunnan province. They numbered some 16 million in the early 21st century. The Zhuang speak two closely related Tai dialects, one classified as Northern and the other as Central Tai, with Chinese as their second lang...
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Zhuang language (Asian language)
language spoken by the Zhuang people, an official minority group of southern China, mostly in the Zhuang Autonomous Region of Guangxi. The dialects spoken in northern Guangxi belong to the Northern branch of the Tai language family and are known officially in China as the Northern dialect of the Zhuang language. Their closest linguistic affinities are with oth...
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Zhuang Su (Chinese scholar)
...and being awarded the highest honour a court painter could receive, the Golden Belt. The earliest source of information on him, however, a collection of painters’ biographies compiled in 1298 by Zhuang Su and titled Huaji Buyi, states that he was active in the academy under the reign of the emperor Lizong (reigned 1224/25–1264/65). Perhaps his service in t...
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Zhuang Zhou (Chinese Daoist philosopher)
the most significant of China’s early interpreters of Daoism, whose work (Zhuangzi) is considered one of the definitive texts of Daoism and is thought to be more comprehensive than the Daodejing, which is attributed to Laozi, the first philosopher of Daoism. Zhuangzi’s teachings also exerted a great in...
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Zhuangdi (emperor of Ming dynasty)
12th emperor (reigned 1566/67–72) of the Ming dynasty (1368–1644), in whose short reign the famous minister Zhang Juzheng first came to power and the country entered a period of stability and prosperity. During the Longqing emperor’s reign the Mongol leader Altan (died 1583), who had been harassing China’s norther...
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Zhuangliemindi (emperor of Ming dynasty)
reign name (nianhao) of the 16th and last emperor (reigned 1627–44) of the Ming dynasty (1368–1644)....
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Zhuangxiang (king of Qin state)
Zhao Zheng was born the son of Zhuangxiang (who later became king of the state of Qin in northwestern China) while his father was held hostage in the state of Zhao. His mother was a former concubine of a rich merchant, Lü Buwei, who, guided by financial interests, managed to install Zhuangxiang on the throne, even though he had not originally been designated as successor. The tradition,......
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Zhuangzi (Daoist literature)
...not only is three times longer than the Analects of Confucius but also is topically and more coherently arranged. The same characteristic may be noticed in the authentic chapters of the Chuang-tzu, attributed to the Taoist sage Chuang-tzu, who “in paradoxical language, in bold words, and with subtle profundity, gave free play to his imagination and thought. . . . Although.....
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Zhuangzi (Chinese Daoist philosopher)
the most significant of China’s early interpreters of Daoism, whose work (Zhuangzi) is considered one of the definitive texts of Daoism and is thought to be more comprehensive than the Daodejing, which is attributed to Laozi, the first philosopher of Daoism. Zhuangzi’s teachings also exerted a great in...
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Zhuangzong (Chinese leader)
...Liang, which was established by the rebel leader Zhu Wen after he usurped the Tang throne in 907. Zhu was murdered by his own son in 912, and the Hou Liang was overthrown by one of its generals, Zhuangzong (personal name Li Cunxu), who established the Hou (Later) Tang dynasty in 923. Although Zhuangzong and his successors ruled relatively well for 13 years, the Hou Tang was finally......
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zhuanshu (Chinese script)
...bc and developed during the Zhou dynasty (12th century–256/255 bc). It is the earliest form of script to be cultivated later into an important related art form, zhuanshu (“seal script”), so called because long after it had been superseded as a current writing style, it continued to be used for the carving of...
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zhuanzhu (Chinese language characters)
...to be logically associated (e.g., the symbols for “man” and “word” are combined to represent the word meaning “true, sincere, truth”); zhuanzhu, modifications or distortions of characters to form new characters, usually of somewhat related meaning (e.g., the character for shan...
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Zhufan zhi (work by Zhao Rukuo)
Chinese trade official whose two-volume work Zhufan zhi (“Description of the Barbarians”) is one of the best-known and most wide-ranging accounts of foreign places and goods at the time of the Song dynasty (960–1279)....
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Zhufuzi (Chinese philosopher)
Chinese philosopher whose synthesis of neo-Confucian thought long dominated Chinese intellectual life....
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Zhuge Liang (Chinese adviser)
celebrated adviser to Liu Bei, founder of the Shu-Han dynasty (221–263/264)....
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Zhuhai (China)
The first four special economic zones were created in 1980 in southeastern coastal China and consisted of what were then the small cities of Shenzhen, Zhuhai, and Shantou in Guangdong province and Xiamen (Amoy) in Fujian province. In these areas, local governments have been allowed to offer tax incentives to foreign investors and to develop their own infrastructure without the approval of the......
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Zhuishu (mathematical work)
...angular distance between Polaris and the celestial north pole. Although none of his complete mathematical writings is extant, some scholars suggest that the mathematical treatise Zhuishu (meaning of the title now uncertain), conventionally credited to his father and lost by the 11th century, was actually written or cowritten by him. A mathematical fragment of his was......
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Zhuji (China)
city, eastern Henan sheng (province), east-central China. Situated in the middle of the North China Plain, it lies at the junction of the north-south route from Jinan in Shandong province to the central section of the Yangtze River (Chang Jiang) and the routes from Zhengzhou...
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Zhuk, Stanislav Alekseyevich (Russian skating coach)
Russian figure-skating coach who included many of the best-known Soviet pairs teams among his students; though a number of his pupils won Olympic gold medals, they later told about his tough and abusive tactics (b. Jan. 25, 1935, Ulyanovsk, U.S.S.R.--d. Nov. 1, 1998, Moscow, Russia)....
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Zhukov, Georgy Konstantinovich (Soviet marshal)
marshal of the Soviet Union, the most important Soviet military commander during World War II....
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Zhukovsky, Nikolay Y. (Russian aircraft designer)
In 1909 Tupolev entered the Moscow Imperial Technical School (now Bauman Moscow State Technical University), where he became a student and disciple of Nikolay Y. Zhukovsky, widely considered the father of Russian aviation. In 1918 they organized the Central Aerohydrodynamics Institute, of which Tupolev became assistant director in 1918. He became head of the institute’s design bureau in 192...
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Zhukovsky, Vasily Andreyevich (Russian poet)
Russian poet and translator, one of Aleksandr Pushkin’s most important precursors in forming Russian verse style and language....
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Zhulinqixian (Chinese literary group)
a group of Chinese scholars and poets of the mid-3rd century ad who banded together to escape from the hypocrisy and danger of the political world of government officialdom to a life of drinking wine and writing verse in the country. Their retreat was typical of the Daoist-oriented qingtan (“pure conversation”) m...
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Zhumulangma Feng (mountain, Asia)
mountain on the crest of the Great Himalayas of southern Asia that lies on the border between Nepal and the Tibet Autonomous Region of China, at 27°59′ N, 86°56′ E. Reaching an elevation of 29,035 feet (8,850 metres), Mount Everest is the highest mountain in the world, the highest point on Earth....
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Zhunga’er Pendi (basin, China)
extensive basin in the Uygur Autonomous Region of Xinjiang, northwestern China....
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“Zhushu Jinian” (Chinese literature)
set of Chinese court records written on bamboo slips, from the state of Wei, one of the many small states into which China was divided during the Dong (Eastern) Zhou dynasty (770–256 bce). The state records were hidden in a tomb uncovered some 6 miles (10 km) southwest of the present-day city of Weihui in Henan province about 279 ...
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Zhuzhou (China)
city, east-central Hunan sheng (province), China. Situated 15 miles (25 km) east of Xiangtan on the east bank of the Xiang River, Zhuzhou, until the beginning of the 20th century, was only a minor market town and river port....
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Zhuzi (Chinese philosopher)
Chinese philosopher whose synthesis of neo-Confucian thought long dominated Chinese intellectual life....
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Zhvania, Zurab (prime minister of Georgia)
Georgian politician (b. Dec. 9, 1963, Tbilisi, Georgian S.S.R., U.S.S.R.—d. Feb. 3, 2005, Tbilisi, Georgia), was a reform-minded prime minister of Georgia. Zhvania studied biology at Tbilisi State University, graduating in 1985, but left a promising scientific career to found (1988) and lead a political party, the Georgian Greens. He was elected to the parliament in 1992, where he advanced ...
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Zhytomyr (Ukraine)
city, western Ukraine. It lies along the Teteriv River where it runs between high, rocky banks. Zhytomyr is believed to date from the 9th century, but the first record is from 1240, when it was sacked by the Tatars....
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Zi Lü (Chinese emperor)
reign name of the Chinese emperor who overthrew the Xia dynasty (c. 2070–c. 1600 bc) and founded the Shang, the first historical dynasty ( c. 1600–1046 bc, though the dating of the Shang—and hence also of the Tang emperor’s founding of it—have long been the subject of much deba...
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Zi Si (Chinese philosopher)
Chinese philosopher, grandson of Confucius, native of the ancient state of Lu (present Shantung province), and according to tradition, the author of the Doctrine of the Mean. This classic, now part of the Li Chi (“Record of Rites”) and classified as one of the Four Books, reaffirms Confucius’ interpretation of the mean as the state of equilibri...
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Zi Zhou (ruler of Shang dynasty)
last sovereign (c. 1075–46 bc) of the Shang dynasty (c. 1600–1046 bc), who, according to legend, lost his empire because of his extreme debauchery. To please his concubine, Daji, Zhou is said to have built a lake of wine around which naked men and women were forced to chase one another. His cruelty was such that the nearby ...
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Zia, Khaleda (prime minister of Bangladesh)
politician who served as prime minister of Bangladesh in 1991–96 and 2001–06. The first woman to serve as prime minister of Bangladesh, she governed during a period of natural disasters, economic distress, and civil unrest....
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Zía Óros (mountain, Greece)
island, the largest of the Greek Cyclades islands in the Aegean Sea. The island’s highest point is Mount Zeus (Zía Óros), which is about 3,290 feet (1,003 m) in elevation. The 165-square-mile (428-square-kilometre) island forms an eparkhía (“eparchy”). The capital and chief port, Náxos, on the west coast, is on the site of ancient and mediev...
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Zia ur-Rahman, Khaleda (prime minister of Bangladesh)
politician who served as prime minister of Bangladesh in 1991–96 and 2001–06. The first woman to serve as prime minister of Bangladesh, she governed during a period of natural disasters, economic distress, and civil unrest....
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Zia-ud-din (Malay leader)
...ruler in Klang (now Kelang), seized and held the prosperous town of Klang for two years with tacit approval of dissident upper-river chiefs. When the sultan granted favours to his son-in-law Zia-ud-din, brother of the sultan of Kedah, he further alienated the dissident chiefs, and intermittent fighting commenced....
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Zia-ul-Haq, Mohammad (president of Pakistan)
Pakistani chief of Army staff, chief martial-law administrator, and president of Pakistan (1978–88)....
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Zia-ul-Haq, Muhammad (president of Pakistan)
Pakistani chief of Army staff, chief martial-law administrator, and president of Pakistan (1978–88)....
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Zi’ang (Chinese painter)
Chinese painter and calligrapher who, though occasionally condemned for having served in the foreign Mongol court (Yuan dynasty, 1206–1368), has been honoured as an early master within the tradition of the literati painters (wenrenhua), who sought personal expression rather than the representation of nature....
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Ziani family (Italian family)
As the power of the Michiel family declined, trouble arose between the restless Dandolo family and the Ziani family, headed by the doge Sebastiano, who wanted to impose a policy of peace and internal reform instead of his predecessors’ war program. In 1192 the elderly Enrico Dandolo (d. 1205), of the branch of San Luca, himself became doge. His rule was chiefly important for his preponderan...
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Ziba (people)
East African people who speak a Bantu language (also called Hays) and inhabit the northwestern corner of Tanzania between the Kagera River and Lake Victoria....
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Zibo (China)
industrial city and municipality (shi), central Shandong sheng (province), eastern China. The municipality is a regional city complex made up of five major towns: Zhangdian (Zibo), Linzi, Zhoucun, Zichuan, and Boshan. Each is now a district of the municipality. Zhangdian, in the north-central part of...
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Zibrī, Muṣṭafā al- (Palestinian nationalist)
Palestinian nationalist who was a cofounder (1967) and secretary-general (2000–01) of the Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine (PFLP), a radical faction of the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO)....
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Zichuan (district, Zibo, China)
...central Shandong sheng (province), eastern China. The municipality is a regional city complex made up of five major towns: Zhangdian (Zibo), Linzi, Zhoucun, Zichuan, and Boshan. Each is now a district of the municipality. Zhangdian, in the north-central part of the municipality, is its administrative seat. Linzi constitutes the eastern district and......
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Zick, Johann (German painter)
In Franconia and the middle Rhineland the most important painters were Johann Zick and Carlo Carlone. Zick’s frescoes at Würzburg (1749) had not been entirely successful, and in 1750 he was supplanted by Tiepolo; but at Bruchsal he produced one of the most brilliant series of Rococo frescoes in Germany (now destroyed). His son Januarius began painting in the Rococo style but under th...
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Zicrona caerulea (insect)
...the elimination of hibernating spots and alternate hosts. However, not all stinkbugs are destructive. The genus Podisus feeds on the Colorado potato beetle larvae and other plant pests. Zicrona caerulea, a species that occurs in China, preys on beetle larvae and adult beetles. In some areas of Mexico, Africa, and India, stinkbugs are eaten by humans....
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Zidane, Zinedine (French athlete)
Hollywood fiction could hardly have improved on World Cup reality for Zinedine Zidane. Starting the France 98 tournament as the best hope of the host nation in its campaign to win the gold medal, the Marseille-born association football (soccer) star quickly showed his class and outstanding ability, inspiring France to beat South Africa in the opening match in front of adoring fans in his home city...
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Zidantas II (Hittite king)
...managed to capture and destroy. The Hittite indebtedness to Egypt for its help may be inferred from an agreement between the two states, about 1471 bc, by which a Hittite king—presumably Zidantas II or Huzziyas—paid tribute to the pharaoh in return for certain frontier adjustments, but it is not clear to what extent Syria was dominated by Thutmose III between 1471 an...
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zidovudine (drug)
drug used to delay development of AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome) in patients infected with HIV (human immunodeficiency virus). AZT belongs to a group of drugs known as nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs). In 1987 AZT became the first of these drugs to be approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration for the pur...
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zidovudine 5-triphosphate
AZT is only active against HIV when the virus is replicating into proviral DNA (viral DNA synthesized prior to integration into host DNA). This is because the active compound of AZT, known as zidovudine 5-triphosphate, has a high affinity (attraction) for an enzyme called reverse transcriptase, which is used by retroviruses such as HIV to replicate viral single-stranded RNA (ribonucleic acid)......
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Zidzha Valley (Mongolia)
...Ordos region. By the 3rd century bc they had reached the Transbaikalia and had begun to enter Mongolia, which soon became the centre of their empire. Many mounds mark their progress. Those in the Zidzha Valley lie at the same latitude as the Pazyryk mounds and were subjected to similar conditions of freezing, which helped preserve their contents. The richest of the excavated buria...
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Ziegenbalg, Bartholomäus (German missionary)
A complete printed Japanese New Testament reputedly existed in Miyako in 1613, the work of Jesuits. The first known printed New Testament in Asia appeared in 1715 in the Tamil language done by Bartholomäus Ziegenbalg, a Lutheran missionary. A complete Bible followed in 1727. Six years later the first Bible in High Malay came out....
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Ziegfeld, Flo (American theatrical producer)
American theatrical producer who brought the revue to spectacular heights under the slogan “Glorifying the American Girl.”...
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