(Translated by https://www.hiragana.jp/)
Human Development Report 2007/2008 - Hong Kong, China (SAR)
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2007/2008 Human Development Report

Hong Kong, China (SAR)
HDI Rank - 21
ExcelCountry Factsheet

01. Human development index
Human development index value, 20050.937
Life expectancy at birth, annual estimates (years), 200581.9
Adult literacy rate (% aged 15 and older), 1995-2005..1
Combined gross enrolment ratio for primary, secondary and tertiary education (%), 200576.3
GDP per capita (PPP US$), 200534,833
Life expectancy index0.949
Education index0.885
GDP index0.977
GDP per capita (PPP US$) rank minus HDI rank- 14
1a. Basic indicators for other UN member states
Life expectancy at birth, annual estimates (years), 2000-0581.9
Adult literacy rate (% aged 15 and older), 1995-2005..
Combined gross enrolment ratio for primary, secondary and tertiary education (%), 200576.3
GDP per capita (PPP US$), 200534,833
Population, total (thousands), 20047,057
Fertility rate, total (births per woman), 2000-050.9
Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births), 2005..
Net primary enrolment rate (%), 200493
HIV prevalence (% aged 15-49), 2005..
Population undernourished (% of total population), 2002/04..
Population using an improved water source (%), 2004..
02. Human development index trends
Human development index (trends), 19750.763
Human development index (trends), 19800.803
Human development index (trends), 19850.830
Human development index (trends), 19900.865
Human development index (trends), 19950.886
Human development index (trends), 20000.919
Human development index (trends), 20050.937
03. Human and income poverty: developing countries
Human poverty index (HPI-1) rank..
Human Poverty Index (HPI-1) value (%)..
Probability at birth of not surviving to age 40 (% of cohort), 2000-051.52
Adult illiteracy rate (% aged 15 and older), 1995-2005..
Population not using an improved water source (%), 2004..
Children underweight for age (% under age 5), 1996-2005..
Population living below $1 a day (%), 1990-2005..
Population living below $2 a day (%), 1990-2005..
Population living below the national poverty line (%), 1990-2004..3
HPI-1 rank minus income poverty rank..
04. Human and income poverty: OECD countries, Central and Eastern Europe and the CIS
Human poverty index (HPI-2) rank..
Human poverty index (HPI-2) value (%)..
Probability at birth of not surviving to age 60 (% of cohort), 2000-056.6
Population lacking functional literacy skills (% aged 16-65), 1994-2003..
Long-term unemployment (% of labour force), 2006..
Population living below 50% of median income (%), 2000-2004..3
Population living below $11 a day (1994 PPP US$), 1994-95..
Population living below $4 a day (1990 PPP US$), 2000-04..3
HPI-2 rank minus income poverty rank..
05. Demographic trends
Population, total (millions), 19754.4
Population, total (millions), 20057.1
Population, total (millions), 20157.7
Population, annual growth rate (%), 1975-20051.6
Population, annual growth rate (%), 2005-150.9
Population, urban (% of total population), 197589.7
Population, urban (% of total population), 2005100.0
Population, urban (% of total population), 2015100.0
Population under age 15 (% of total population), 200515.1
Population under age 15 (% of total population), 201512.3
Population aged 65 and older (% of total population), 200512.0
Population aged 65 and older (% of total population), 201514.5
Fertility rate, total (births per woman), 1970-752.9
Fertility rate, total (births per woman), 2000-050.9
06. Commitment to health: resources, access and services
Public expenditure on health (% of GDP), 2004..
Private expenditure on health (% of GDP), 2004..
Health expenditure per capita (PPP US$), 2004..
One-year-olds fully immunized against tuberculosis (%), 2005..
One-year-olds fully immunized against measles (%), 2005..
Children with diarrhoea receiving oral rehydration and continued feeding (% under age 5), 1998-2005..
Contraceptive prevalence rate (% of married women aged 15-49), 1997-2005..
Births attended by skilled health personnel (%), 1997-2005..
Physicians (per 100,000 people), 2000-04..3
07. Water, sanitation and nutritional status
Population using improved sanitation (%), 1990..
Population using improved sanitation (%), 2004..
Population using an improved water source (%), 1990..
Population using an improved water source (%), 2004..
Population undernourished (% of total population), 1990-92..3
Population undernourished (% of total population), 2002-04..
Children under weight for age (% under age 5), 1996-2005..
Children under height for age (% under age 5), 1996-2005..3
Infants with low birthweight (%), 1998-2005..
08. Inequalities in maternal and child health
Survey year for inequality data in table 8..
Births attended by skilled health personnel, poorest 20% (%)..
Births attended by skilled health personnel, richest 20% (%)..
One-year-olds fully immunized, poorest 20% (%)..
One-year-olds fully immunized, richest 20% (%)..
Children under height for age, poorest 20% (% children under age 5)..
Children under height for age, richest 20% (% children under age 5)..
Infant mortality rate, poorest 20% (per 1,000 live births)..
Infant mortality rate, richest 20% (per 1,000 live births)..
Under-five mortality rate, poorest 20% (per 1,000 live births)..
Under-five mortality rate, richest 20% (per 1,000 live births)..
09. Leading global health crises and risks
HIV prevalence (% aged 15-49), 2005..
Condom use at last high-risk sex, women (% aged 15-24), 1999-2005..
Condom use at last high-risk sex, men (% aged 15-24), 1999-2005..
Children under age 5 using insecticide-treated bednets (%), 1999-2005..
Children under age 5 with fever treated with antimalarial drugs (%), 1999-2005..
Tuberculosis cases, prevalence (per 100,000 people), 2005774
Tuberculosis cases detected under DOTS (%), 20055554
Tuberculosis cases cured under DOTS (%), 20037854
Prevalence of smoking, women (% of adults), 2002-0445
Prevalence of smoking, men (% of adults), 2002-04225
10. Survival: progress and setbacks
Life expectancy at birth, quinquennial estimates (years), 1970-7572.0
Life expectancy at birth, quinquennial estimates (years), 2000-0581.5
Infant mortality rate (per 1,000 live births), 1970..
Infant mortality rate (per 1,000 live births), 2005..
Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births), 1970..
Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births), 2005..
Probability at birth of surviving to age 65, female (% of cohort), 2000-0593.6
Probability at birth of surviving to age 65, male (% of cohort), 2000-0586.3
Maternal mortality ratio, reported (per 100,000 live births), 1990-2004..
Maternal mortality ratio, adjusted (per 100,000 live births), 2000..3
11. Commitment to education: public spending
Public expenditure on education (% of GDP), 19912.8
Public expenditure on education (% of GDP), 2002-054.2
Public expenditure on education (% of total government expenditure), 199117.4
Public expenditure on education (% of total government expenditure), 2002-0523.0
Current public expenditure on education, pre-primary and primary (as % of all levels), 1991..
Current public expenditure on education, pre-primary and primary (as % of all levels), 2002-0526
Current public expenditure on education, secondary (% of all levels), 1991..
Current public expenditure on education, secondary (% of all levels), 2002-0536
Current public expenditure on education, tertiary (% of all levels), 1991..
Current public expenditure on education, tertiary (% of all levels), 2002-0532
12. Literacy and enrolment
Adult literacy rate (% aged 15 and older), 1985-1995..
Adult literacy rate (% aged 15 and older), 1995-2005..
Youth literacy rate (% aged 15-24), 1985-1995..
Youth literacy rate (% aged 15-24), 1995-2005..
Net primary enrolment rate (%), 1991..
Net primary enrolment rate (%), 2005936
Net secondary enrolment rate (%), 1991..
Net secondary enrolment rate (%), 2005806
Children reaching grade 5 (% of grade 1 students), 1991100
Children reaching grade 5 (% of grade 1 students), 2004100
Tertiary students in science, engineering, manufacturing and construction (% of tertiary students), 1999-2005316
13. Technology: diffusion and creation
Telephone mainlines (per 1,000 people), 1990434
Telephone mainlines (per 1,000 people), 2005546
Cellular subscribers (per 1,000 people), 199023
Cellular subscribers (per 1,000 people), 20051,252
Internet users (per 1,000 people), 19900
Internet users (per 1,000 people), 2005508
Patents granted to residents (per million peole), 20055
Receipts of royalties and license fees (US$ per person), 200531.27
Research and development expenditure (% of GDP), 2000-20050.60475557722662
Researchers in R&D; (per million people), 1990-20051,564
14. Economic performance
GDP (current US$ billions), 2005177.7
GDP, PPP (current international $ billions), 2005241.9
GDP per capita (US$), 200525,592
GDP per capita, PPP (2005 international $), 200534,833
GDP per capita, annual growth rate (%), 1975-20054.2
GDP per capita, annual growth rate (%), 1990-20052.4
GDP per capita, highest value (2005 PPP US$), 1975-200534,833
GDP per capita, year of highest value2005
Consumer price index, average annual change in (%), 1990-20052.5
Consumer price index, average annual change in (%), 2004-050.9
15. Inequality in income or expenditure
Survey Year19968
Share of income or consumption, poorest 10% (%)2.0
Share of income or consumption, poorest 20% (%)5.3
Share of income or consumption, richest 20% (%)50.7
Share of income or consumption, richest 10% (%)34.9
Inequality measures, ratio of richest 10% to poorest 10%17.8
Inequality measures, ratio of richest 20% to poorest 20%9.7
Gini index43.4
16. Structure of trade
Imports of goods and services (% of GDP), 1990122
Imports of goods and services (% of GDP), 2005185
Exports of goods and services (% of GDP), 1990131
Exports of goods and services (% of GDP), 2005198
Primary exports (% of merchandise exports), 19907
Primary exports (% of merchandise exports), 20053
Manufactured exports (% of merchandise exports), 199092
Manufactured exports (% of merchandise exports), 200596
High-technology exports (% of manufactured exports), 199012.19
High-technology exports (% of manufactured exports), 200533.9
Terms of trade (2000=100), 2004-200598
17. OECD-DAC country expenditures on aid
Official development assistance, net disbursed (US$ millions), 2005..
Official development assistance, net disbursed (% of GNI), 1990..
Official development assistance, net disbursed (% of GNI), 2005..
Official development assistance per capita of donor country (2005 US$), 1990..
Official development assistance per capita of donor country (2005 US$), 2005..
Official development assistance to least developed countries (% of total), 1990..
Official development assistance to least developed countries (% of total), 2005..
Official development assistance to basic social services (% of total allocable by sector), 1996-1997..
Official development assistance to basic social services (% of total allocable by sector), 2004-2005..
Untied bilateral ODA (% of total), 1990..
Untied bilateral ODA (% of total), 2005..
18. Flows of aid, private capital and debt
Official development assistance received (net disbursements) (US$ millions), 2005..
Official development assistance received (net disbursements) per capita (US$), 2005..
Official development assistance received (net disbursements) (% of GDP), 1990(.)
Official development assistance received (net disbursements) (% of GDP), 2005..
Foreign direct investment, net inflows (% of GDP), 1990..
Foreign direct investment, net inflows (% of GDP), 200520.2
Private flows, other (% of GDP), 1990..
Private flows, other (% of GDP), 2005..
Debt service, total (% of GDP), 1990..
Debt service, total (% of GDP), 2005..
Debt service, total (% of exports of goods, services and net income from abroad), 1990..
Debt service, total (% of exports of goods, services and net income from abroad), 2005..
19. Priorities in public spending
Public expenditure on health (% of GDP), 2004..
Public expenditure on education (% of GDP), 19912.8
Public expenditure on education (% of GDP), 2002-054.2
Military expenditure (% of GDP), 1990..
Military expenditure (% of GDP), 2005..
Debt service, total (% of GDP), 1990..
Debt service, total (% of GDP), 2005..
20. Unemployment in OECD countries
Unemployed people (thousands), 2006..
Unemployment rate Total (% of labour force), 2006..
Unemployment rate, average annual (% of labour force), 1996-2006..
Unemployment rate Female (% of male rate), 2006..
Youth unemployment rate, total (% of labour force aged 15-24), 2006..
Youth unemployment rate (female rate as % of male rate), 2006..
Long-term unemployment, women (% of total unemployment), 2006..
Long-term unemployment, men (% of total unemployment), 2006..
21. Unemployment and informal sector work in non-OECD countries
Unemployed people (thousands), 1996-2005201
Unemployment rate Total (% of labour force), 1996-20055.6
Unemployment rate (female rate as % of male rate), 1996-200568
Employment, total (thousands), 1996-20053,386
Employment in agriculture (% of total employment), 1996-2005(.)
Employment in industry (% of total employment), 1996-200515
Employment in services (% of total employment), 1996-200585
Survey year, 1990-2004..
Employment in non-agricultural informal sector, both sexes (% of non-agricultural employment), 1990-2004..
Employment in non-agricultural informal sector, female (% of non-agricultural employment), 1990-2004..
Employment in non-agricultural informal sector, male (% of non-agricultural employment), 1990-2004..
22. Energy and the environment
Electricity consumption per capita (kilowatt-hours), 20046,401
Electricity consumption per capita (% change), 1990-20040.3
Electrification rate (%)..
Population without electricity (millions)..
GDP per unit of energy use (2000 PPP US$ per kg of oil equivalent), 200411.5
GDP per unit of energy use (% change), 1990-20040.1
Forest area (% total land), 2005..
Forest area (thousand sq km), 2005..
Forest area change from 1990-2005 (thousand sq km), 1990-2005..
Forest area, average annual change (%), 1990-2005..
23. Energy sources
Total primary energy supply (TPES) (Mt of oil equivalent), 199010.7
Total primary energy supply (TPES) (Mt of oil equivalent), 200518.1
Coal (% of total primary energy supply), 199051.5
Coal (% of total primary energy supply), 200536.8
Oil (% of total primary energy supply), 199049.4
Oil (% of total primary energy supply), 200547.7
Gas (% of total primary energy supply), 19900
Gas (% of total primary energy supply), 200512.1
Hydro, solar, wind and geothermal power (% of total primary energy supply), 19900
Hydro, solar, wind and geothermal power (% of total primary energy supply), 20050
Biomass and waste (% of total primary energy supply), 19900.5
Biomass and waste (% of total primary energy supply), 20050.3
Nuclear power (% of total primary energy supply), 19900
Nuclear power (% of total primary energy supply), 20050
24. Carbon dioxide emissions and stocks
CO2 emissions, total (Mt CO2), 199026.2
CO2 emissions, total (Mt CO2), 200437.4
CO2 emissions, average annual change in (%), 1990-20043.1
CO2 emissions (% of world total), 19900.1
CO2 emissions (% of world total), 20040.1
CO2 emissions per capita (tonnes), 19904.6
CO2 emissions per capita (tonnes), 20045.5
Carbon intensity of energy (kt CO2 per kt of oil equivalent), 19902.46
Carbon intensity of energy (kt CO2 per kt of oil equivalent), 20042.18
Carbon intensity of growth ( kt CO2 per million 2000 PPP US$), 19900.23
Carbon intensity of growth ( kt CO2 per million 2000 PPP US$), 20040.19
CO2 emissions/sequestration from forests (Mt CO2 per year), 1990-2005..
Carbon stocks in forests (living biomass) (Mt C), 2005..
25. Status of major international environmental treaties
Status of environmental treaties - Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety (year of ratification/signature)..
Status of environmental treaties - Framework Convention on Climate Change (year of ratification/signature)..
Status of environmental treaties - Kyoto Protocol to the Framework Convention on Climate Change (year of ratification/signature)..
Status of environmental treaties - Convention on Biological Diversity (year of ratification/signature)..
Status of environmental treaties - Vienna Convention for the protection of the Ozone Layer (year of ratification/signature), 1988..
Status of environmental treaties - Montreal Protocol on Substances that deplete the Ozone Layer (year of ratification/signature)..
Status of environmental treaties - Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants (year of ratification/signature), 2001..
Status of environmental treaties - UN Law of the Sea (year of ratification/signature)..
Status of environmental treaties - UN Convention to Combat Desertification in those Countries Experiencing Serious Drought and/or Desertification, Particularly in Africa (year of ratification/signature)..
26. Refugees and armaments
Internally displaced people (thousands), 2006..
Refugees by country of asylum (thousands), 20062
Refugees by country of origin (thousands), 2006(.)
Conventional arms transfers, imports (1990 US$ millions), 1996..
Conventional arms transfers, imports (1990 US$ millions), 2006..
Conventional arms transfers, exports (1990 US$ millions), 2006..
Conventional arms transfers, exports (% of world total), 2002-06..
Armed forces (thousands), 2007..
Armed forces, index (1985=100), 2007..
27. Crime and justice
Homicides (per 100,000 people), 2000-20040.6
Prison population total, 200711580
Prison population (per 100,000 people), 2007168
Prison population (% female), 200720
Year in which countries have partially or completely abolished the death penalty..
28. Gender-related development index
Gender-related development index (GDI) rank, 200522
Gender-related development index (GDI) value, 20050.926
Life expectancy at birth, female (years), 200584.9
Life expectancy at birth, male (years), 200579.1
Adult literacy rate, female (% aged 15 and older), 200597.310
Adult literacy rate, male (% aged 15 and older), 200597.310
Combined gross enrolment ratio for primary, secondary and tertiary education, female (%) , 200573
Combined gross enrolment ratio for primary, secondary and tertiary education, male (%) , 200579
Estimated earned income, female (PPP US$), 200522,43311
Estimated earned income, male (PPP US$), 200540,00011
HDI rank minus GDI rank, 2005- 1
29. Gender empowerment measure
Gender empowerment measure (GEM) rank..
Gender empowerment measure (GEM) value..
Seats in parliament (% held by women)..
Legislators, senior officials and managers (% female), 1999-200527
Professional and technical workers (% female), 1994-200540
Ratio of estimated female to male earned income0.56
30. Gender inequality in education
Adult literacy rate, female (% aged 15 and older) , 2005..
Adult literacy rate (ratio of female rate to male rate), 2005..
Youth literacy rate, female (% aged 15-24), 2005..
Youth literacy rate (ratio of female rate to male rate), 2005..
Net primary enrolment rate, female (%), 20059012
Net primary enrolment rate (ratio of female rate to male rate), 20050.9412
Gross primary enrolment ratio, female (%), 2005101
Gross primary enrolment ratio (ratio of female ratio to male ratio)0.94
Gross secondary enrolment ratio, female (%), 200585
Gross secondary enrolment ratio (ratio of female ratio to male ratio), 20050.96
Gross tertiary enrolment ratio, female (%), 200531
Gross tertiary enrolment ratio (ratio of female ratio to male ratio), 20050.95
31. Gender inequality in economic activity
Economic activity rate, female (% aged 15 and older), 200553.7
Economic activity index (1990=100), female (aged 15 and older), 2005114
Economic activity rate (female rate as % of male rate, aged 15 and older), 200576
Employment in agriculture, female (% of total female employment), 1995-2005(.)
Employment in agriculture, male (% of total male employment), 1995-2004(.)
Employment in industry, female (% of total female employment), 1995-20037
Employment in industry, male (% of total male employment), 1995-200322
Employment in services, female (% of total female employment), 1995-200393
Employment in services, male (% of total male employment), 1995-200377
Contributing family workers, women (% of total), 1995-2005..
Contributing family workers, men (% of total), 1995-2004..
33. Women’s political participation
Year women received right to vote..
Year women received right to stand for election..
Year first woman elected (E) or appointed (A) to parliament..
Women in government at ministerial level (as % of total), 2005..
Seats in lower house or single house (% held by women), 1990..
Seats in lower house or single house (% held by women), 2007..
Seats in upper house or senate (% held by women), 2007..
34. Status of major international human rights instruments
Status of human rights instruments: International convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide (year of ratification/signature), 1948..
Status of human rights instruments: International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination (year of ratification/signature), 1965..
Status of human rights instruments: International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (year of ratification/signature), 1966..
Status of human rights instruments: International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (year of ratification/signature), 1966..
Status of human rights instruments: International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women (year of ratification/signature), 1979..
Status of human rights instruments: Convention Against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment (year of ratification/signature), 1984..
Status of human rights instruments: Convention on the Rights of the Child (year of ratification/signature), 1989..
35. Status of fundamental labour rights conventions
Status of labour rights conventions: Freedom of association and collective bargaining - Convention 87 (year of ratification/signature)..
Status of labour rights conventions: Freedom of association and collective bargaining - Convention 98 (year of ratification/signature)..
Status of labour rights conventions: Elimination of forced and compulsory labour - Convention 29 (year of ratification/signature)..
Status of labour rights conventions: Elimination of forced and compulsory labour - Convention 105 (year of ratification/signature)..
Status of labour rights conventions: Elimination of discrimination in respect of employment and occupation - Convention 100 (year of ratification/signature)..
Status of labour rights conventions: Elimination of discrimination in respect of employment and occupation - Convention 111 (year of ratification/signature)..
Status of labour rights conventions: Abolition of child labour - Convention 138 (year of ratification/signature)..
Status of labour rights conventions: Abolition of child labour - Convention 182 (year of ratification/signature)..

Notes:
1 - In the absence of recent data, estimates from UNESCO (United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization) Institute for Statistics. 2003. Correspondence on adult and youth literacy rates. March. Montreal, based on outdated census or survey information, were used and should be interpreted with caution: Bahamas 95.8, Barbados 99.7, Comoros 56.8, Djibouti 70.3, Eritrea 60.5, Fiji 94.4, Gambia 42.5, Guinea-Bissau 44.8, Guyana 99.0, Haiti 54.8, Hong Kong, China (SAR) 94.6, Hungary 99.4, Lebanon 88.3, Poland 99.8 and Uzbekistan 99.4.
2 - Data refer to a year or period other than that specified, differ from the standard definition or refer to only part of a country.
3 -
4 - UN (United Nations). 2006a. Millennium Development Goals Indicators Database. Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Statistics Division. New York. [http://mdgs.un.org]. Accessed May 2007.
5 - Data refer to a period other than that specified.
6 - National or UNESCO Institute for Statistics estimate.
7 - Data refer to 2004.
8 - Data refer to income shares by percentiles of population, ranked by per capita income.
9 - Data refer to the closest available year between 1988 and 1992.
10 - In the absence of recent data, estimates from UNESCO (United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization) Institute for Statistics. 2003. Correspondence on adult and youth literacy rates. March. Montreal, based on outdated census or survey information were used, and should be interpreted with caution.
11 - For the purpose of calculating the GDI, the female and male values appearing in this table were scaled downward to reflect the maximum values for adult literacy (99%), gross enrolment ratios (100%), and GDP per capita (40,000 (PPP US$)). For more details, see Technical note 1.
12 - National or UNESCO Institute for Statistics estimate.

Symbols :
.. Data not available
(.) Greater (or less) than zero but small enough to be rounded off to zero at the displayed number of decimal points
<Less than
-Not applicable
TTotal