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Henne am Rhyn, Otto (Swiss historian)
journalist and historian whose comprehensive universal cultural history was a major contribution to the development of the German Kulturgeschichte (History of Civilization) school....
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Hennebique, François (French engineer)
French engineer who devised the technique of construction with reinforced concrete....
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Hennell, Charles (British author)
There she became acquainted with a prosperous ribbon manufacturer, Charles Bray, a self-taught freethinker who campaigned for radical causes. His brother-in-law, Charles Hennell, was the author of An Inquiry Concerning the Origin of Christianity (1838), a book that precipitated Evans’s break with orthodoxy that had been long in preparation. Various books on the rela...
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Hennepin, Louis (Franciscan missionary)
Franciscan missionary who, with the celebrated explorer René Robert Cavelier, Sieur de La Salle, penetrated the Great Lakes in 1679 to the region of Illinois and wrote the first published description of the country....
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Henner, Jean-Jacques (French painter)
French painter, best known for his sensuous pictures of nymphs and naiads in vague landscape settings and of idealized, almost symbolist, heads of young women and girls. He also painted a number of portraits in a straightforward naturalistic manner....
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Hennesy, Dale (American art director)
French painter, best known for his sensuous pictures of nymphs and naiads in vague landscape settings and of idealized, almost symbolist, heads of young women and girls. He also painted a number of portraits in a straightforward naturalistic manner.......
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Hennig, Willi (German zoologist)
German zoologist recognized as the leading proponent of the cladistic school of phylogenetic systematics....
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hennin
Both men and women wore a steeple hat of felt or the more expensive beaver. Men also wore the montero cap, which had a flap that could be turned down, and the Monmouth cap, a kind of stocking cap. Women of all ages wore a French hood, especially in winter, when it was made of heavy cloth or fur-lined; this hood, tied loosely under the chin, is seen in many portraits of......
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Henning, Douglas James (Canadian magician)
Canadian magician (b. May 3, 1947, Winnipeg, Man.—d. Feb. 7, 2000, Los Angeles, Calif.), helped revive interest in magic with his traveling act and a series of Broadway shows and television specials in the 1970s and early ’80s. He was a master magician who reprised many of the sensational escape acts of ...
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Henning, Georg Friedrich (German inventor)
powerful explosive, discovered by Georg Friedrich Henning of Germany and patented in 1898 but not used until World War II, when most of the warring powers introduced it. Relatively safe and inexpensive to manufacture, RDX was produced on a large scale in the United States by a secret......
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Henning, John (sculptor)
...and gesture and thereby to emphasize the sitter’s personality. The portraits of George Meikle Kemp (before 1845), architect of the Sir Walter Scott Monument in Edinburgh, and of the sculptor John Henning (before 1849), show a masterful sense of form and composition and dramatic use of light and shade....
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Henning, Walter Bruno (scholar)
...materials dealing with the life of Mani, a religious leader whose activities fall in the early Sāsānian period, led to a reassessment of Nöldeke’s calculations by another German, Walter Bruno Henning, by which the principal events are dated about two years earlier. Another alternative was proposed by the Iranian scholar Sayyid Hasan Taqizadeh, who preferred a sequenc...
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Hennings, Emmy (artist)
Dada began as an oppositional movement in Zürich in 1916 at the Cabaret Voltaire. In neutral Switzerland a group of artists that included Hugo Ball, Emmy Hennings, Tristan Tzara, and Jean Arp took on the mantle of Alfred Jarry. Whereas Jarry had assaulted the audience through an unusual play, the Dadaists began the disintegration of form entirely. Songs were written with only sounds for......
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Hennique, Léon (French author)
...de Médan, a volume of short stories by Émile Zola, Guy de Maupassant, Joris-Karl Huysmans, Henry Céard, Léon Hennique, and Paul Alexis. The Naturalists purported to take a more scientifically analytic approach to the presentation of reality than had their predecessors, treating dissection as a......
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Hennis, Ann (American scout)
American scout, a colourful figure in fact and legend during the decades surrounding the American Revolutionary War....
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Henoch-Schönlein purpura (pathology)
Henoch-Schönlein purpura (anaphylactoid purpura) is the most common connective-tissue disorder in children. It is characterized by a purpuric rash, painful swollen joints, and abdominal pain with vomiting. In a minority of patients, the kidneys become involved and nephritis develops; this is the only complication that may cause......
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Henodus (fossil reptile)
...to those of nothosaurs but more compact. Placodus was a typical form, having broad, flat tooth plates for crushing the mollusks on which it fed. Many placodonts evolved dermal armour, with Henodus having a shell comparable to that of a turtle. However, these superficial similarities to some advanced plesiosaurs appear to be due entirely to convergent evolution, and placodonts......
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henogamy (marriage custom)
the custom by which one, and only one, member of a family is permitted to marry. The classic example is that of the patrilineal Nambūdiri Brahmans of Malabār in Tamil Nadu, India; among them, only eldest sons were permitted to marry Nambūdiri women and have legitimate children. The cu...
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Hénon, Michel (French astronomer)
The French astronomer Michel Hénon and the American astronomer Carl Heiles discovered that when a system exhibiting periodic motion, such as a pendulum, is perturbed by an external force that is also periodic, some initial conditions lead to motions where the state of the system becomes essentially unpredictable (within some range of......
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Henophidia (snake superfamily)
...from the Amazon basin. Size moderate, 0.7–1 metre. Pelvic vestige present. Small eye beneath a head shield. Bears living young. Superfamily BooideaApproximately 80 species in 20 genera found worldwide. Left lung large, 50–75 percent of the right lung length. Approximately 50 fossil genera with m...
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henotheism (religion)
...various beliefs connected with the gods, historians of religions have used certain categories to identify different attitudes toward the gods. Thus, in the latter part of the 19th century, the terms henotheism and kathenotheism were used to refer to the exalting of a particular god as exclusively the highest within the framework of a particular hymn or ritual; e.g., in the Vedic hymns......
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Henotikon (religious edict)
With the support of the Byzantine emperor Zeno, Acacius in 482 drew up an edict, the Henotikon (Greek: “Edict of Union”), by which he attempted to secure unity between orthodox Christians and monophysites. The Henotikon’s theological formula incorporated the decisions of the general Councils of Nicaea (325) and Constantinople (381) and recognized Christ’s ...
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Henreid, Paul (American actor)
Austrian-born actor whose elegant sophistication and middle-European accent made him ideal for romantic leading roles in such motion pictures as Casablanca (1942) and Now, Voyager (1942)....
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Henreid, Paul George Julius von (American actor)
Austrian-born actor whose elegant sophistication and middle-European accent made him ideal for romantic leading roles in such motion pictures as Casablanca (1942) and Now, Voyager (1942)....
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Henri (Luxembourger noble)
Austrian-born actor whose elegant sophistication and middle-European accent made him ideal for romantic leading roles in such motion pictures as Casablanca (1942) and Now, Voyager (1942).......
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Henri, Adrian Maurice (British artist and poet)
British poet and artist (b. April 10, 1932, Birkenhead, Cheshire [now Merseyside], Eng.—d. Dec. 20, 2000, Liverpool, Eng.), was one of the three “Merseybeat” poets who gained renown when their works were published in The Mersey Sound (1967), which remained a best-seller. He was primarily a painter, however, and he also led the Liverpool Scene rock and poetry band, taugh...
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Henri de Flandre (emperor of Constantinople)
second and most able of the Latin emperors of Constantinople, who reigned from 1206 to 1216 and consolidated the power of the new empire....
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Henri de Gand (French philosopher)
Scholastic philosopher and theologian, one of the most illustrious teachers of his time, who was a great adversary of St. Thomas Aquinas and whose controversial writings influenced his contemporaries and followers, particularly postmedieval Platonists....
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Henri de Guise (French noble)
popular duke of Guise, the acknowledged chief of the Catholic party and the Holy League during the French Wars of Religion....
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Henri de Hainaut (emperor of Constantinople)
second and most able of the Latin emperors of Constantinople, who reigned from 1206 to 1216 and consolidated the power of the new empire....
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Henri de Navarre (king of France)
king of Navarre (as Henry III, 1572–89) and first Bourbon king of France (1589–1610), who, at the end of the Wars of Religion, abjured Protestantism and converted to Roman Catholicism (1593) in order to win Paris and reunify France. With ...
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Henri Deux ware (earthenware)
lead-glazed earthenware (inaccurately called faience, or tin-glazed ware) made in the second quarter of the 16th century at Saint-Porchaire in the département of Deux-Sèvres, France. Its uniqueness consisted in its method of decoration, which took the form of impressions stamped in the whitish soft clay with bookbinders’ stamps and filled in with clay...
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“Henri Grâce à Dieu” (ship)
...the numbers mounted in battleships of World War II. For its original complement in 1514, Henry VIII’s best-known warship, the Henry Grâce à Dieu, had 186 guns. Most of these were small, but they also included a number of iron “great guns.”...
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Henri I, sieur de Damville (French statesman)
brother of François de Montmorency and a leader of the moderate Roman Catholic party of the Politiques during the French Wars of Religion....
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Henri III and the English Ambassador (painting by Lawrence)
History painting, too, was transformed: Bonington’s “Henri III and the English Ambassador” (1827–28; Wallace Collection, London), while testifying to a sustained delight in the medieval world, already betrays commensurate interest in period detail and the finer points of human insight. The authentic, domestic treatm...
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Henri le Balafré (French noble)
popular duke of Guise, the acknowledged chief of the Catholic party and the Holy League during the French Wars of Religion....
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Henri le Gros (king of Navarre)
king of Navarre (1270–74) and count (as Henry III) of Champagne. Henry was the youngest son of Theobald I of Navarre by Margaret of Foix. He succeeded his eldest brother, Theobald II (Thibaut V), in both kingdom and countship in December 1270. By his marriage (1269) to Blanche, daughter of Robert I of Artois and niece...
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Henri Pittier National Park (park, Aragua, Venezuela)
park in the Cordillera de la Costa, Aragua estado (state), Venezuela, occupying an area of 350 sq mi (900 sq km) between Lago (lake) de Valencia and the Caribbean. It is Venezuela’s oldest national park. It was established...
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Henri Quatre (work by Mann)
...into exile in 1933 when the Nazis came to power, and he spent several years in France before immigrating to the United States. His novel Henri Quatre (two parts, 1935 and 1938) represents his ideal of the humane use of power....
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Henri, Robert (American artist)
urban realist painter, a leader of The Eight and the Ashcan School and one of the most influential teachers of art in the United States at the beginning of the 20th century....
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Henriade, La (work by Voltaire)
...desired to be the Virgil that France had never known. He worked at an epic poem whose hero was Henry IV, the king beloved by the French people for having put an end to the wars of religion. This Henriade is spoiled by its pedantic imitation of Virgil’s Aeneid, but his contemporaries saw only the generous ideal of tolerance that inspired the poem. These literary triumphs ear...
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Henrichenburg (Germany)
...Similar hydraulic lift locks were constructed at Kirkfield and Peterborough in Ontario, Can.; the latter, completed in 1904, has a lift of nearly 65 feet. Float lifts were constructed in 1899 at Henrichenburg, Ger., with a 46-foot lift for 600-ton vessels; in 1938 at Magdeburg, Ger., with a 60-foot lift for 1,000-ton vessels; and in 1962 a lift at Henrichenburg for 1,350-ton vessels....
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Henrician Articles (Polish history)
(1573) statement of the rights and privileges of the Polish gentry (szlachta) that all elected kings of Poland, beginning with Henry of Valois (elected May 11, 1573), were obliged to confirm and that severely limited the authority of the Polish monarchy. After King ...
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Henrietta Anne of England (English aristocrat)
English princess and duchesse d’Orléans, a notable figure at the court of her brother-in-law King Louis XIV of France....
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Henrietta Maria (queen consort of England)
French wife of King Charles I of England and mother of Kings Charles II and James II. By openly practicing Roman Catholicism at court, she alienated many of Charles’s subjects, but during the first part of the English Civil Wars she displayed ...
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Henriette-Anne d’Angleterre (English aristocrat)
English princess and duchesse d’Orléans, a notable figure at the court of her brother-in-law King Louis XIV of France....
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Henriette-Marie (queen consort of England)
French wife of King Charles I of England and mother of Kings Charles II and James II. By openly practicing Roman Catholicism at court, she alienated many of Charles’s subjects, but during the first part of the English Civil Wars she displayed ...
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Henrion, Denis (French mathematician)
The rising tide of interest was exploited by French mathematicians Claude Mydorge, whose Examen du livre des récréations mathématiques was published in 1630, and Denis Henrion, whose Les Récréations mathématiques avec l’examen de ses problèmes en arithmétique, géométrie, méchanique, cosmographie, optique,...
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Henrique de Carvalho (Angola)
city, northeastern Angola. Located at an elevation of 3,557 feet (1,084 metres) above sea level, it is a garrison town and local market centre. Saurimo was formerly named after Henrique de Carvalho, a Portuguese explorer who visited the region in 1884 and contacted the Lunda peoples there (see ...
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Henrique, infante de Portugal, duque de Viseu, senhor da Covilhã (prince of Portugal)
Portuguese prince noted for his patronage of voyages of discovery among the Madeira Islands and along the western coast of Africa. The epithet Navigator, applied to him by the English (though seldom by Portuguese writers), is a misnomer, as he himself never embarked on any exploratory voyages....
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Henrique o Cardeal-Rei (king of Portugal [1512-80])
king of Portugal and Roman Catholic ecclesiastic whose brief reign (1578–80) was dominated by the problem of succession. His failure to decisively designate a successor left the Portuguese throne at his death prey to its Spanish claimant, King Philip II....
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Henrique o Navegador (prince of Portugal)
Portuguese prince noted for his patronage of voyages of discovery among the Madeira Islands and along the western coast of Africa. The epithet Navigator, applied to him by the English (though seldom by Portuguese writers), is a misnomer, as he himself never embarked on any exploratory voyages....
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Henríquez Ureña, Pedro (Dominican [republic] writer and critic)
critic, philologian, educator, and essayist, one of the most influential critic-scholars in 20th-century Latin America. Henríquez Ureña was also one of its best prose writers....
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henry (unit of energy measurement)
unit of either self-inductance or mutual inductance, abbreviated h (or hy), and named for the American physicist Joseph Henry. One henry is the value of self-inductance in a closed circuit or coil in which one volt is produced by a variation of the inducing current of on...
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Henry (duke of Bavaria)
...half-brother Thankmar. Thankmar was defeated and killed, the Franconian Eberhard submitted to the King, and Eberhard of Bavaria was deposed and outlawed. In 939, however, Otto’s younger brother Henry revolted; he was joined by Eberhard of Franconia and by Giselbert of Lotharingia and supported by the French king Louis IV. Otto was again victorious: Eberhard fell in battle, Giselbert was....
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Henry (king of Portugal [1057-1112])
Alfonso VI, emperor of Leon, had granted the county of Portugal to Afonso’s father, Henry of Burgundy, who successfully defended it against the Muslims (1095–1112). Henry married Alfonso VI’s illegitimate daughter, Teresa, who governed Portugal from the time of her husband’s death (1112) until her son Afonso came of age. She refused to cede her power to Afonso, but his ...
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Henry (king of Portugal [1512-80])
king of Portugal and Roman Catholic ecclesiastic whose brief reign (1578–80) was dominated by the problem of succession. His failure to decisively designate a successor left the Portuguese throne at his death prey to its Spanish claimant, King Philip II....
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Henry 3 (work by Krumgold)
...reserved for adult fiction. Similarly trailblazing were the semidocumentary novels of Joseph Krumgold: . . . And Now Miguel (1953), Onion John (1958), and Henry 3 (1967), the last about a boy with an I.Q. of 154 trying to get along in a society antagonistic to brains. The candid suburban studies of E.L. Konigsburg introduced a new sophistication.......
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Henry, Aaron E. (American activist)
American civil rights leader who was head of the Mississippi branch of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People from 1960 to 1993; he persevered in the fight against racism through some 38 arrests, the firebombing of his home and business, and an un...
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Henry, Alice (Australian journalist)
Australian journalist who promoted trade unionism, women’s suffrage, and social reform in Australia and the United States....
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Henry, Cape (cape, Virginia, United States)
promontory at the southern entrance to Chesapeake Bay, on the Atlantic coast in the northeast corner of the city of Virginia Beach, southeastern Virginia, U.S. Cape Henry Memorial, a stone cross put up by the Daughters of the American Colonists in 1935, marks the site of the landing on April 26, 1607, of the first permanent English ...
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Henry Charles Albert David, Prince (British prince)
younger son of Charles, prince of Wales, and Diana, princess of Wales....
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Henry de Bourbon (king of France)
king of Navarre (as Henry III, 1572–89) and first Bourbon king of France (1589–1610), who, at the end of the Wars of Religion, abjured Protestantism and converted to Roman Catholicism (1593) in order to win Paris and reunify France. With ...
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Henry Draper Catalogue (astronomy)
listing of the positions, magnitudes, and spectral types of stars in all parts of the sky; with it began the present alphabetical system (see Harvard classification system) of classifying stars by spectral type. The catalog, named in honour of the U.S. astronomer Henry Draper and financed through a...
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Henry Draper Extension (astronomy)
...Cranch Bond Professor of Astronomy. After 1924 she extended her work, cataloging tens of thousands of additional stars down to the 11th magnitude for the two-volume Henry Draper Extension (1925, 1949). The work was an invaluable contribution to astronomy, bearing strongly on countless other problems and areas of research and exerting major influence on the......
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Henry, duc d’Anjou (king of France and Poland)
king of France from 1574, under whose reign the prolonged crisis of the Wars of Religion was made worse by dynastic rivalries arising because the male line of the Valois dynasty was going to die out with him....
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Henry, duc d’Orléans (king of France)
king of France from 1547 to 1559, a competent administrator who was also a vigorous suppressor of Protestants within his kingdom....
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Henry E. Huntington Library, Art Gallery, and Botanical Gardens (cultural centre, San Marino, California, United States)
library and cultural institution created in 1919 at San Marino, Calif., near Los Angeles, by Henry E. Huntington and left as a public trust upon his death. Huntington, a railroad tycoon, began collecting books early in the 20th century, and the library is rich in rare British and American literary and historical collections,...
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“Henry Esmond” (work by Thackeray)
Turning to the historical novel, Thackeray chose the reign of Queen Anne for the period of The History of Henry Esmond, Esq., 3 vol. (1852). Some critics had thought that Pendennis was a formless, rambling book. In response, Thackeray constructed Henry Esmond with great care, giving it a much more formal plot structure.......
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Henry Ford Museum (museum, Dearborn, Michigan, United States)
Turning to the historical novel, Thackeray chose the reign of Queen Anne for the period of The History of Henry Esmond, Esq., 3 vol. (1852). Some critics had thought that Pendennis was a formless, rambling book. In response, Thackeray constructed Henry Esmond with great care, giving it a much more formal plot structure........
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“Henry Grâce à Dieu” (ship)
...the numbers mounted in battleships of World War II. For its original complement in 1514, Henry VIII’s best-known warship, the Henry Grâce à Dieu, had 186 guns. Most of these were small, but they also included a number of iron “great guns.”...
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Henry, Hubert Joseph (French military officer)
The affair was made absurdly complicated by the activities of Esterhazy in inventing evidence and spreading rumours, and of Major Hubert Joseph Henry, discoverer of the original letter attributed to Dreyfus, in forging new documents and suppressing others. When Esterhazy was brought before a court martial, he was acquitted, and Picquart was......
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Henry I (king of France)
king of France from 1026 to 1060 whose reign was marked by struggles against rebellious vassals....
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Henry I (ruler of Haiti)
a leader in the war of Haitian independence (1791–1804) and later president (1807–11) and self-proclaimed King Henry I (1811–20) of northern Haiti....
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Henry I (king of Germany)
German king and founder of the Saxon dynasty (918–1024) who strengthened the East Frankish, or German, army, encouraged the growth of towns, brought Lotharingia (Lorraine) back under German control (925), and secured German borders against pagan incursions....
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Henry I (king of Navarre)
king of Navarre (1270–74) and count (as Henry III) of Champagne. Henry was the youngest son of Theobald I of Navarre by Margaret of Foix. He succeeded his eldest brother, Theobald II (Thibaut V), in both kingdom and countship in December 1270. By his marriage (1269) to Blanche, daughter of Robert I of Artois and niece...
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Henry I (king of Castile)
king of Castile from 1214 to 1217....
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Henry I (ruler of Hesse)
...the landgraviate of Thuringia. In 1247 Henry Raspe, the last landgrave of Thuringia, died, and his niece, Sophia, the wife of Henry II of Brabant, acquired Hessen. She gave the territory to her son, Henry I (the Child), who founded the Brabant dynasty of Hessen and in 1292 was raised to the rank of a prince of the Holy Roman Empire....
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Henry I (king of England)
youngest and ablest of William I the Conqueror’s sons, who as king of England (1100–35) strengthened the crown’s executive powers and, like his father, also ruled Normandy (from 1106)....
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Henry I (duke of Brabant)
Chartered in 1185 by Henry I, duke of Brabant, who had a hunting lodge nearby (hence the name, meaning “the duke’s wood”), it was an important medieval wool centre and became a bishopric in 1559. The town saw many sieges owing to its strategic position on the Catholic-Protestant line of division; it was unsuccessfully assaulted by Maurice of Nassau (1601, 1603) during the Dutc...
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Henry I (Holy Roman emperor)
duke of Bavaria (as Henry VI, 1027–41), duke of Swabia (as Henry I, 1038–45), German king (from 1039), and Holy Roman emperor (1046–56), a member of the Salian dynasty. The last emperor able to dominate the papacy, he was a powerful advocate of the Cluniac refo...
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Henry I the Liberal (count of Champagne)
...II of Champagne, 1125–52), who was a formidable rival of Kings Louis VI and Louis VII. The main lands were divided under his sons Theobald V (1152–91) and Henry (1152–81), themselves prestigious lords; and the Champagne of Henry the Liberal was among the richest, best organized, and most......
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Henry II (duke of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel)
duke of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel, one of the leading Roman Catholic princes attempting to stem the Reformation in Germany....
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Henry II (king of Castile)
king of Castile from 1369, founder of the house of Trastámara, which lasted until 1504....
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Henry II (king of Navarre)
king of Navarre from 1516 who for the rest of his life attempted by force and negotiation to regain territories of his kingdom that had been lost by his parents, Catherine de Foix and Jean d’Albret, in 1514....
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Henry II (duke of Bavaria)
...Holy Roman emperor Otto II and Empress Theophano, Otto III was elected German king in June 983 and crowned at Aachen in December, shortly after his father’s death. But the child king was seized by Henry II the Quarrelsome, the deposed duke of Bavaria, in an attempt to secure the regency, if not the throne, for himself. In May 984, however, Henry was forced by the imperial diet to turn th...
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Henry II (king of France)
king of France from 1547 to 1559, a competent administrator who was also a vigorous suppressor of Protestants within his kingdom....
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Henry II (duke of Silesia)
...of the western part of the Mongol empire and was given responsibility for the invasion of Europe. By 1240 he had conquered all of Russia. In the campaign in central Europe, one Mongol army defeated Henry II, Duke of Silesia (now in Poland), on April 9, 1241; another army led by Batu himself defeated the Hungarians two days later....
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Henry II (Holy Roman emperor)
duke of Bavaria (as Henry IV, 995–1005), German king (from 1002), and Holy Roman emperor (1014–24), last of the Saxon dynasty of emperors. He was canonized by Pope Eugenius III, more than 100 years after his death, in response to church-i...
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Henry II (duke of Bavaria)
margrave of Tuscany, duke of Saxony (as Henry II), and duke of Bavaria, a member of the Welf dynasty, whose policies helped to launch the feud between the Welf and the Hohenstaufen dynasties that was to influence German politics for more than a century....
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Henry II (king of England)
duke of Normandy (from 1150), count of Anjou (from 1151), duke of Aquitaine (from 1152), and king of England (from 1154), who greatly expanded his Anglo-French domains and strengthened the royal administration in England. His quarrels with Thomas Becket, archbishop of Canterbury, and with members of his fam...
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Henry II (king of Cyprus and Jerusalem)
...empire and with papal approval, bought the rights of the nearest claimant and sent his representative. Finally, after Charles’s death in 1285, the barons once again chose a native ruler, Henry II of Cyprus....
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Henry II Jasomirgott (duke of Austria)
the first duke of Austria, a member of the House of Babenberg who increased the dynasty’s power in Austria by obtaining the Privilegium Minus (a grant of special privileges and a reduction of obligations toward the empire) from the Holy Roman emperor Frederick I Barbarossa when Austria was raised to...
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Henry II of Saxony (duke of Bavaria)
margrave of Tuscany, duke of Saxony (as Henry II), and duke of Bavaria, a member of the Welf dynasty, whose policies helped to launch the feud between the Welf and the Hohenstaufen dynasties that was to influence German politics for more than a century....
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Henry II style (French architecture)
...of Michelangelo or Raphael, so that the new period of French architecture partook of Italian Mannerism. The style that resulted lasted until about 1590 and is sometimes known as the style of Henry II, although it actually was produced under five different kings, beginning late in the reign of Francis I....
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Henry III (king of England [1207-72])
king of England from 1216 to 1272. In the 24 years (1234–58) during which he had effective control of the government, he displayed such indifference to tradition that the barons finally forced him to agree to a series of major reforms, the Provisions of Oxford (1258)....
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Henry III (king of Castile)
king of Castile from 1390 to 1406. Though unable to take the field because of illness, he jealously preserved royal power through the royal council, the Audiencia (supreme court), and the corregidores (magistrates). During his minority, the anti-Jewish riots of Sevilla (Seville) and other places produced the large class of convers...
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Henry III (duke of Bavaria and Saxony)
duke of Saxony (1142–80) and of Bavaria (as Henry XII, 1156–80), a strong supporter of the emperor Frederick I Barbarossa. Henry spent his early years recovering his ancestral lands of Saxony (1142) and Bavaria (1154–56), thereafter founding the ci...
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Henry III (king designate of of England)
second son of King Henry II of England by Eleanor of Aquitaine; he was regarded, after the death of his elder brother, William, in 1156, as his father’s successor in England, Normandy, and Anjou....
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Henry III (Holy Roman emperor)
duke of Bavaria (as Henry VI, 1027–41), duke of Swabia (as Henry I, 1038–45), German king (from 1039), and Holy Roman emperor (1046–56), a member of the Salian dynasty. The last emperor able to dominate the papacy, he was a powerful advocate of the Cluniac refo...
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