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Photuris (insect genus)
...or it may be a species that the prey does not regard as threatening. An example in which the prey itself serves as the model can be seen in the mimicry used by female fireflies of the genus Photuris. These insects imitate the mating flashes of the fireflies of the genus Photinus; the unlucky Photinus males deceived by the mimics are eaten. Another example is found in......
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Phoumi Vongvichit (Laotian politician)
Laotian political leader (b. April 6, 1909, French Indochina?--d. Jan. 7, 1994), was a longtime communist and a leader in the Pathet Lao (Land of Lao) revolutionary movement against French colonial rule; he eventually became acting president (1986-91) of the Lao People’s Democratic Republic. Phoumi reportedly was born into an affluent family and educated at Vientiane College. He joined Lao ...
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Phoxinus eos (fish)
...North America, the name dace is applied to various small cyprinids. The redbelly daces (Phoxinus) are well-known, with a southern (P. erythrogaster) and northern (P. eos) species. The southern redbelly dace, found in clear creeks from Alabama to Pennsylvania and the Great Lakes region, is......
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Phoxinus erythrogaster (fish)
In North America, the name dace is applied to various small cyprinids. The redbelly daces (Phoxinus) are well-known, with a southern (P. erythrogaster) and northern (P. eos) species. The southern redbelly dace, found in clear creeks from Alabama to Pennsylvania and......
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Phoxinus phoxinus (fish)
The minnow of Europe and northern Asia is Phoxinus phoxinus, a slim, small-scaled fish typical of clean streams and rivers. Also a member of the carp family, it is usually about 7.5 cm long. It varies in colour from golden to green, and the male, like certain other male cyprinids, develops a bright red underside during the spring breeding season. This minnow, like many others, is a......
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Phra Aphaimani (poem by Sunthon Phu)
...religious king, Rama III disbanded the corps of writers and discouraged the performance of plays at his court. Sunthon Phu lost his position but wrote his most famous poem, Phra Aphaimani, away from the court. A long fantasy-romance, this work can be regarded as the end of court domination in literature. Further, a royal official composed a Thai translation in......
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Phra Buddha Bat (temple, Sara Buri, Thailand)
...south bank of the Pa Sak River. Its economy is based on textile, metalworking, food-manufacturing, clothing, and woodworking industries. The Phra Buddha Bat shrine in the town contains a footprint of Buddha and is the scene of a yearly festival. Sara Buri is linked to Bangkok, 60 miles (100 km) south-southwest, by rail and highway. Sara......
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Phra Chedi Sam Ong (mountain pass, Myanmar-Thailand)
mountain pass in the Tenasserim Mountain Range on the Myanmar (Burma)-Thailand border, 100 miles (160 km) southeast of Moulmein, Myanmar. The pass, at an elevation of 925 feet (282 m), links southeastern Myanmar and western Thailand. For centuries it was the chief link between Myanmar and the fertile plain of the ...
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Phra Malai (Buddhist monk)
...he traveled through various cosmic realms, bringing back to the Buddha reports of things that were transpiring in those worlds. In later Theravada accounts Maha Moggallana’s successor, the monk Phra Malai, visited the Tushita Heaven to question the future buddha Maitreya concerning the time when he was to be reborn on earth in order to complete his buddha mission....
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Phra Nakhon (section of Bangkok, Thailand)
section of Bangkok Metropolis, Thailand’s capital and largest city, on the east bank of the Mae Nam (river) Chao Phraya. It was a changwat (province) until 1972, when it was merged with Thon Buri, west of the river, to form the enlarged province of Krung Thep...
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Phra Nakhon Si Ayutthaya (Thailand)
town and former capital of the Tai state of Ayutthaya (Siam) located in central Thailand, about 55 miles (89 km) north of Bangkok. The site of immense temples and other structures that are important both historically and architecturally, Ayutthaya was added to UNESCO’s World Heritage List in 1991....
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Phra Nakhorn (section of Bangkok, Thailand)
section of Bangkok Metropolis, Thailand’s capital and largest city, on the east bank of the Mae Nam (river) Chao Phraya. It was a changwat (province) until 1972, when it was merged with Thon Buri, west of the river, to form the enlarged province of Krung Thep...
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Phra Nakorn (section of Bangkok, Thailand)
section of Bangkok Metropolis, Thailand’s capital and largest city, on the east bank of the Mae Nam (river) Chao Phraya. It was a changwat (province) until 1972, when it was merged with Thon Buri, west of the river, to form the enlarged province of Krung Thep...
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Phra Naret (king of Siam)
king of Siam (1590–1605), regarded as a national hero by the Thai people for having liberated the country from the Myanmar (Burmese)....
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Phra Pathom (stupa, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand)
...to local tradition, it is the oldest city in Thailand (said to be more than 2,000 years old) and was visited by the Buddha. Artifacts have been found there dating from the 6th century ad. Phra Pathom, the highest stupa in Thailand, rises to 380 feet (116 m). The town also has a campus (arts, education, and science) of the Bangkok-based Silpakorn University (1943)....
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Phra Wes (Buddha)
in Buddhist mythology, a previous incarnation of the Buddha Gotama. A crown prince, Vessantara was famous for his vast generosity, and, to the despair of his more practical-minded father, he accepted banishment to the forest, where he attained the ultimate self-abnegation by giving away his children and his wife and in some accounts even his own eyes. These and all the rest were...
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Phraates I (king of Parthia)
Precise information is not available concerning the reign of Priapatius (c. 191–176 bc), who succeeded Artabanus and whose name appears in documents found in excavations at Nisā. Under his son Phraates I (reigned c. 176–171 bc), the young Parthian kingdom seems to have recuperated sufficiently to have taken up once again its expansionist activities....
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Phraates II (king of Parthia)
king of Parthia (reigned c. 138–128 bc), the son and successor of Mithradates I....
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Phraates III (king of Parthia)
king of Parthia (reigned 70–58/57 bc), the son and successor of Sanatruces (Sinatruces)....
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Phraates IV (king of Parthia)
king of Parthia (reigned c. 37–2 bc) who murdered his father, Orodes II, and his brothers to secure the throne....
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Phraates V (king of Parthia)
king of Parthia (reigned c. 2 bc–c. ad 4), the son and successor of Phraates IV....
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Phrachomklao (king of Siam)
king of Siam (1851–68) who opened his country to Western influence and initiated reforms and modern development....
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Phrachunlachomklao (king of Siam)
king of Siam who avoided colonial domination and embarked upon far-reaching reforms....
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Phrae (Thailand)
town in the mountainous northern region of Thailand. It is located on the Yom River and the Sukhothai-Nan road in a historic region with many temples and ruins. Teak lumbering is a major activity, and tobacco and rice are grown extensively around the town. Phrae has an airport with scheduled flights. Pop. (2000) 40,059....
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Phragmipedium (genus of plants)
About 16 species of lady’s slippers constitute the genus Phragmipedium. They are narrow-leaved plants native to tropical America. One to six flowers with ribbonlike petals are borne on a stalk nearly 90 cm tall. The six species in the genus Selenipedium, also native to tropical America, may be 5 m (16 feet) tall. The leave...
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Phragmites (plant genus)
in botany, any of several species of large aquatic grasses, especially the four species constituting the genus Phragmites of the grass family (Poaceae). The common, or water, reed (Phragmites australis) occurs along the margins of lakes, fens, marshes, and streams from the Arctic to the tropics. It is a broad-leafed grass,......
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Phragmites australis (plant)
...grasses, especially the four species constituting the genus Phragmites of the grass family (Poaceae). The common, or water, reed (Phragmites australis) occurs along the margins of lakes, fens, marshes, and streams from the Arctic to the tropics. It is a broad-leafed grass, about 1.5 to 5 m (5 to 16.5 feet) tall, with......
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Phragmites communis (plant)
...to issue as the Luapula River where the slope increases again. The vegetation responsible for the swamps consists of a common water reed, Phragmites communis, growing just above mean water level; a zone of papyrus at water level; and a floating grass, called hippo-grass, in deeper water. The lake’s fish are caught, dried, and....
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Phramongkutklao (king of Siam)
king of Siam from 1910 to 1925, noted for his progressive reforms and prolific writings....
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Phranangklao (king of Siam)
king of Siam (1824–51) who made Siam’s first tentative accommodations with the West, and under whom the country’s boundaries reached their maximum extent....
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Phrantzes, George (Byzantine historian)
Byzantine historian and diplomat who wrote a chronicle covering the years 1413–77....
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Phraortes (king of Media)
king of Media from 675 to 653 bc. Phraortes, who was known by that name as a result of the writings of the 5th-century-bc Greek historian Herodotus, was originally a village chief of Kar Kashi, but he later subjugated the Persians and a number of other Asian peoples, eventually forming an anti-Assyrian coalition of Medes and Cimmerians. In his attack on Assyria, however...
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Phraphutthaloetla Naphalai (king of Siam)
the second ruler (1809–24) of the present Chakkri dynasty, under whose rule relations were reopened with the West and Siam began a forward policy on the Malay peninsula. A gifted poet and dramatist, Rama II wrote a famous version of Inao, dramatic version o...
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Phraphutthayotfa Chulalok (king of Siam)
Siamese king (1782–1809) and founder of the Chakkri dynasty, which reigns in Thailand....
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Phrapokklao (king of Siam)
last absolute king of Siam (1925–35), under whose rule the Thai revolution of 1932 instituted the constitutional monarchy. Prajadhipok never expected to succeed to the throne. He was the 32nd and last son of King Chulalongkorn, the youngest of five sons by Queen Saowabha....
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phrase (dance)
...Dances, however, are rarely if ever a loose collection of isolated movements. One of the most important features of any choreographer’s style is the way in which movement material is connected into dance phrases....
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phrase (music)
...brief consideration of melody, which may be defined as an organized succession of musical tones. This succession of tones consists of component parts, structural units, the principal of which is the phrase—a complete musical utterance, roughly corresponding to what can be sung or played in one breath or played with a single stroke of the bow. A melody, then, ordinarily consists of a......
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phrase marker (grammar)
...in Figure 4. If this is compared with the system of rules, it will be seen that each application of each rule creates or is associated with a portion (or subtree) of the tree. The tree diagram, or phrase marker, may now be considered as a structural description of the sentence “The man hit the ball.” It is a description of the constituent structure, or phrase structure, of the......
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phrase structure (grammar)
...attention and has received the most extensive exemplification and further development. As outlined in Syntactic Structures (1957), it comprised three sections, or components: the phrase-structure component, the transformational component, and the morphophonemic component. Each of these components consisted of a set of rules operating upon a certain “input” to......
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phrase structure rule (grammar)
...(1957), it comprised three sections, or components: the phrase-structure component, the transformational component, and the morphophonemic component. Each of these components consisted of a set of rules operating upon a certain “input” to yield a certain “output.” The notion of phrase structure may be dealt with independently of its incorporation in the larger system...
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phratry (social groups)
Societies of the central and western Highlands of New Guinea have been described as segmentary patrilineal descent systems. The segmentary structures, or phratries—essentially groups of clans that share a mythical ancestor—characteristically use brother-brother and father-son links to represent what were once in fact relatively unstable political alliances. Phratries were important.....
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Phraya Taksin (king of Siam)
Thai general, conqueror, and later king (1767–82) who reunited Thailand, or Siam, after its defeat at the hands of the Myanmar (Burmese) in 1767....
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phreaking (computer science)
...unauthorized long-distance calls and setting up special “party lines” for fellow phreaks. With the proliferation of computer bulletin board systems (BBSs) in the late 1970s, the informal phreaking culture began to coalesce into quasi-organized groups of individuals who graduated from the telephone network to “hacking” corporate and government computer network systems...
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phreatic zone (Earth science)
...and infiltration and loses water by evapotranspiration, overland flow, and percolation of water downward due to gravity into the groundwater zone. The contact between the groundwater zone (phreatic zone) and the overlying unsaturated zone (vadose zone) is called the groundwater table. The water balance equation for change of soil-moisture storage in a soil is given as...
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phrenic nerve (anatomy)
Originating from C4, with small contributions from C3 and C5, are the phrenic nerves, which carry sensory information from parts of the pleura of the lungs and pericardium of the heart as well as motor impulses to muscles of the diaphragm....
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phrenic vein (anatomy)
...exclusively from the kidney, while the left receives blood from a number of other organs as well. The right suprarenal vein terminates directly in the inferior vena cava as does the right phrenic, above the gonadal vein. Two or three short hepatic trunks empty into the inferior vena cava as it passes through the diaphragm....
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phrenology (pseudoscientific practice)
the study of the conformation of the skull as indicative of mental faculties and traits of character, especially according to the hypotheses of Franz-Joseph Gall (1758–1828), a Viennese doctor, and such 19th-century adherents as Johann Kaspar Spurzheim (1776–1832) and George Combe (1788–1858). Phrenology enjoyed great p...
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Phriapites (chief of the Parni)
Iranian name borne by the Parthian royal house as being descended from Arsaces, son of Phriapites (date unknown), a chief of the seminomadic Parni tribe from the Caspian steppes. The first of his line to gain power in Parthia was Arsaces I, who reigned from about 250 to about 211 bc. (Some authorities believe that a brother, Tiridates I, succeeded Arsaces about 248 and ruled until 21...
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Phrixothrix (insect genus)
...off a continuous greenish blue luminescence from three spots on each segment of the body, forming three longitudinal rows of light, the appearance of which inspired the common name night train. Phrixothrix, the railroad worm, possesses two longitudinal rows, with a red luminous spot on the head....
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Phrixus (Greek mythology)
The Golden Fleece had originated in the following manner. Jason’s uncle Athamas had had two children, Phrixus and Helle, by his first wife, Nephele, the cloud goddess. Ino, his second wife, hated the children of Nephele and persuaded Athamas to sacrifice Phrixus as the only means of alleviating a famine. But before the sacrifice, Nephele appeared to Phrixus, bringing a ram with a golden fle...
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phrontistiria (Greek education)
...educational system is somewhat rigid, heavily centralized, and generally considered inadequate. As a consequence, many children attend private phrontistiria, institutions that tutor students outside normal school hours....
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Phrygia (ancient district, Turkey)
ancient district in west-central Anatolia, named after a people whom the Greeks called Phryges and who dominated Asia Minor between the Hittite collapse (12th century bc) and the Lydian ascendancy (7th century bc). The Phrygians, perhaps of Thracian origin, settled in northwestern Anatolia late in...
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Phrygian alphabet
...Harabesi and Bor. Conversely, Luwian influence clearly is present in Phrygian sculptures found at Ankara. There is a cultural, if not a political, division in this period between more purely native Phrygians in the west and the eastern Phrygians, with their neo-Hittite affiliations....
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Phrygian cap
soft felt or wool conical headdress fitting closely around the head and characterized by a pointed crown that curls forward. It originated in the ancient country of Phrygia in Asia Minor and is represented in ancient Greek art as the type of headdress worn by Orientals. ...
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Phrygian language
ancient Indo-European language of west-central Anatolia. Textual evidence for Phrygian falls into two distinct groups. Old Phrygian texts date from the 8th to 3rd centuries bce and are written in an alphabet related to but different from that of Greek. The majority of those that can be understood are cultic in nature. Most were...
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Phrygian mode (music)
in music, third of the eight medieval church modes. See church mode....
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Phrygian religion
Little would be known of the religion of the Phrygians but for the fact that in 204 bc the Roman Senate, on the instructions of the priests, who had consulted the Sibylline books, had the sacred black stone of the Phrygian Mother goddess, Cybele, or Cybebe, transported from Pessinus, together with her priests, and installed in a temple on the Palatine. As a result, there is much info...
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phrygium (papal dress)
in Roman Catholicism, a triple crown worn by the pope or carried in front of him, used at some nonliturgical functions such as processions. Beehive-shaped, it is about 15 inches (38 cm) high and is made of silver cloth and ornamented with three diadems, with two streamers, known as lappets, hanging from the back....
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Phryne (Greek courtesan)
famous Greek courtesan. Because of her sallow complexion she was called by the Greek name for “toad.”...
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Phrynichida (arachnid)
any of 70 species of the arthropod class Arachnida that are similar in appearance to whip scorpions (order Uropygi) but lack a telson, or tail. They occur in hot parts of both North and South America, Asia, and Africa, where, by day, they hide under bark or stones. They often enter houses. An example is the 11-mm (0.4-inch) ...
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Phrynichus (Greek tragic poet)
Athenian tragic poet, an older contemporary of Aeschylus. Phrynichus is the earliest tragedian of whose work some conception can be formed....
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Phrynichus (Greek comic poet)
comic poet of Attic Old Comedy. Phrynichus, son of Eunomis, belonged to the last generation to write in that style. He produced his first play in 434 or 429 bc. (His contemporary Eupolis produced his first in 429.) Phrynichus is credited with three victories in the festival contests: two at the Lenaea (one of them in 428) and one at the ...
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Phrynichus Arabius (grammarian and rhetorician)
grammarian and rhetorician who produced Sophistike paraskeue (“A Grounding in Sophistic”), of which a few fragments and a summary by Photius survive, and an Attikistes, extant in an abridged form, called the Ekloge (“Selected Atticisms”). He is critical not only of contemporary deviations from the best ...
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Phrynomerinae (amphibian subfamily)
...(Africa), Microhylinae (North and South America, Southeast Asia, Sri Lanka, western Indo-Australian archipelago, Philippines, and Ryukyu Islands), Melanobatrachinae (east-central Africa, India), Phrynomerinae (Africa), and Otophryninae (South America).Family Ranidae (true frogs)Miocene to present;...
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Phrynops hilarii (reptile)
...the female’s head. His forefeet vibrate, and the rapid, light touch of the claws titillates the female. In a few species, including the Asian river turtle, or batagur (Batagur baska), and the Argentine side-necked turtle (Phrynops hilarii), the male develops bright head and trunk colours that signal his reproductive readiness and possibly elicit a female’s cooperatio...
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Phrynosoma (reptile)
(genus Phrynosoma), any of about 14 species of lizards belonging to the family Iguanidae that are usually characterized by daggerlike head spines, or horns; a flattened oval body, pointed fringe scales along the sides of the body, and a short tail are typical features. The lizards range in length from less than 7.5 to more than 12.5 cm (3 to 5 inches)....
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PHS (United States agency)
At the federal, or national, level, the Public Health Service of the Department of Health and Human Services is the principal health agency, but several other departments have health interests and responsibilities. Federal health agencies accept responsibility for improving state and local services, for controlling interstate health hazards, and for working with other countries on international......
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Phthah (Egyptian god)
in Egyptian religion, creator-god and maker of things, a patron of craftsmen, especially sculptors; his high priest was called “chief controller of craftsmen.” The Greeks identified Ptah with Hephaestus (Vulcan), the divine blacksmith. Ptah was originally the local deity of Memphis, capital of Egypt from the ...
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phthalic acid (chemical compound)
colourless, crystalline organic compound ordinarily produced and sold in the form of its anhydride. The annual production of phthalic anhydride exceeded 1,000,000 metric tons in the late 20th century; most of it was...
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phthalic anhydride (chemical compound)
...and terephthalic acid, for the ortho, meta, and para isomers, respectively. Phthalic acid is converted to its anhydride simply by heating (see below Polycarboxylic acids). Phthalic anhydride is used to make polymeric resins called alkyd resins, which are used as coatings, especially for appliances and automobiles.......
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phthalimide (chemical compound)
...for “blocking” substitution so that only one alkyl group is introduced. The Gabriel synthesis is one such method; it utilizes phthalimide, C6H4(CO)2NH, whose one acidic hydrogen atom has been removed upon the addition of a base such as KOH to form a salt....
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phthalocyanine (chemical compound)
...compounds in chemistry and technology are many and varied. The brilliant and intense colours of many coordination compounds, such as Prussian blue, render them of great value as dyes and pigments. Phthalocyanine complexes (e.g., copper phthalocyanine), containing large-ring ligands closely related to the porphyrins, constitute an important class of dyes for fabrics....
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Phthiraptera (insect)
any of a group of small, wingless, parasitic insects divisible into two main groups: the Amblycera and Ischnocera, or chewing or biting lice, which are parasites of birds and mammals, and the Anoplura, or sucking lice, parasites of mammals only. One of the sucking lice, the human louse, thrives in conditions of filth and o...
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Phthirus pubis (insect)
sucking louse in the human louse family, Pediculidae (suborder Anoplura, order Phthiraptera), that is found principally at the pubic and perianal areas, occasionally on the hairs of the thighs and abdomen, and rarely on other hairy regions of the ...
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phthisis (pathology)
infectious disease that is caused by the tubercle bacillus, Mycobacterium tuberculosis. In most forms of the disease, the bacillus spreads slowly and widely in the lungs, causing the formation of hard nodules (tubercles) or large cheeselike masses that break down the resp...
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Phu Chaik (Myanmar religious leader)
...traditional animal sacrifice, practiced a strict ethic, and maintained Karen culture. In 1962–65 the cult’s seventh successive head, the Phu Chaik (“Elder of the Faith”), was presented with vernacular Bibles by American missionaries. Expectations rose on both sides and membership (mostly in eastern Myanmar) incre...
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Phu Cuong (Vietnam)
city, southern Vietnam. It is located on the Saigon River (Song Sai Gon) at the head of a branch of the Mekong delta inland waterway and on a spur railway line from Ho Chi Minh City...
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Phu Quoc Island (island, Vietnam)
island in the Gulf of Thailand, belonging to Vietnam. Lying 7 miles (11 km) off the Cambodian coast south of Bok Koŭ (formerly Bokor) and 43 miles (69 km) west of the west coast of southern Vietnam, the partially forested island is almost 30 miles (48 km) long from north to south and has a maximum width of 17 miles (2...
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Phuket (Thailand)
city and island, southern Thailand. The island lies in the Andaman Sea, off the west coast of peninsular Thailand. Phuket city, located in the southeastern portion of the island, is a major port and commercial centre. Its harbour exports tin, rubber, charcoal, lumber, and fish products south to Malaysia and Singapore and north to Myanmar (Burma). Rice and manu...
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Phuket Island (island, Thailand)
city and island, southern Thailand. The island lies in the Andaman Sea, off the west coast of peninsular Thailand. Phuket city, located in the southeastern portion of the island, is a major port and commercial centre. Its harbour exports tin, rubber, charcoal, lumber, and fish products south to Malaysia and Singapore and north to Myanmar (Burma). Rice and manufactures are imported. The city......
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Phulabani (India)
town, central Orissa state, eastern India. It is located about 22 miles (35 km) southwest of the Mahanadi River. The town is relatively modern, although small in size. Its industries produce milled rice, glassware, and woven cloth. Phulabani is the site of a government science college affiliated with Berhampur University. Roads connect the t...
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Phulbani (India)
town, central Orissa state, eastern India. It is located about 22 miles (35 km) southwest of the Mahanadi River. The town is relatively modern, although small in size. Its industries produce milled rice, glassware, and woven cloth. Phulabani is the site of a government science college affiliated with Berhampur University. Roads connect the t...
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Phumĭ Rôloŭs (Cambodia)
Toward the end of the 9th century, soon after Jayavarman II’s death, the Cambodian capital shifted to the northern shores of the Tonle Sap, near present-day Phumĭ Rôluŏs. A king named Indravarman I (ruled 877–c. 890) constructed a large reservoir and several temples there, including a pyramidical structure called the Bakong—the first Cambodian templ...
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Phumiphon Adunlayadet (king of Thailand)
ninth king of the Chakkri dynasty (1950– ), which has ruled or reigned in Thailand from 1782, Thailand’s longest-serving monarch....
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Phuntsholing (Bhutan)
Of the larger urban centres or towns, Phuntsholing, in the Duars Plain, is the most important. It is the southern terminus of a major highway from Thimphu and functions as the gateway to the well-populated Lesser Himalayan valleys. A vigorous commercial sector has developed in the centre of the town. Bhutan’s capital, Thimphu, was a mere cluster of houses in the 1960s, but since that time i...
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phur-bu (ritual dagger)
(Tibetan: “peg,” or “nail”), a ritual dagger used in the Tantric (esoteric) rites of Tibetan Buddhism to exorcise evil. The dagger has a three-sided blade and a hilt that terminates in the head of Hayagrīva (Tibetan: Rta-mgrin), the fierce protective deity identified by ...
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phuri dai (Rom woman)
...band, decided the pattern of its migration, and became its spokesman to local municipal authorities. He governed through a council of elders that also consulted with the phuri dai, a senior woman in the band. The phuri dai’s influence was strong, particularly in regard to the fate of the women and children, and...
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Phuthaditjhaba (South Africa)
town, northeastern Free State province, South Africa. It was the capital of the territory formerly designated by South Africa as the nonindependent Bantustan of Qwaqwa. Phuthaditjhaba lies near the merger point of the Free State–Lesotho borders. The inhabitants of the town are mostly southern Sotho ...
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Phya Tak (king of Siam)
Thai general, conqueror, and later king (1767–82) who reunited Thailand, or Siam, after its defeat at the hands of the Myanmar (Burmese) in 1767....
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Phyag-na-rdo-rje (Buddhist mythological figure)
in Mahāyāna Buddhist mythology, one of the celestial bodhisattvas (“Buddhas-to-be”), the manifestation of the self-born Buddha Akṣobhya....
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phycobilin (pigment)
Cyanobacteria contain only one form of chlorophyll, chlorophyll a, a green pigment. In addition, they contain various yellowish carotenoids, the blue pigment phycobilin, and, in some species, the red pigment phycoerythrin. The combination of phycobilin and chlorophyll produces the characteristic blue-green colour from which these organisms derive their popular name. Because of the other......
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phycobiont (biology)
...in a form distinct from either symbiont. Although lichens appear to be single plantlike organisms, under a microscope the association is seen to consist of millions of cells of algae (called the phycobiont) woven into a matrix formed of the filaments of the fungus (called the mycobiont). The majority of mycobionts are placed in a single group of Ascomycota called the Lecanoromycetes, which......
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phycocolloid (biology)
The cell walls of many seaweeds contain phycocolloids (algal colloids) that can be extracted by hot water. The three major phycocolloids are alginates, agars, and carrageenans. Alginates are extracted primarily from brown seaweeds, and agar and carrageenan are extracted from red......
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phycocyanin (pigment)
...Some green algae use carotenoids for harvesting photosynthetically active light, but the Dinophyceae and chromophyte algae almost always use carotenoids. Phycobiliproteins, which appear either blue (phycocyanins) or red (phycoerythrins), are found in red algae and cryptomonads....
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phycoerythrin (pigment)
...for harvesting photosynthetically active light, but the Dinophyceae and chromophyte algae almost always use carotenoids. Phycobiliproteins, which appear either blue (phycocyanins) or red (phycoerythrins), are found in red algae and cryptomonads....
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phycology (biology)
the study of algae, a large heterogeneous group of chiefly aquatic plants ranging in size from microscopic forms to species as large as shrubs or trees. The discipline is of immediate interest to humans because of algae’s importance in ecology. Certain algae, especially planktonic (i.e., floating or drifting) forms, co...
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Phycomycetes (fungus group)
an obsolete name formerly used to describe lower fungi in the classes Chytridiomycetes, Hyphochytridiomycetes, Plasmodiophoromycetes, Oomycetes, Zygomycetes, and Trichomycetes....
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Phycophyta (biology)
Members of a group of mostly aquatic, photosynthetic organisms (see photosynthesis) that defy precise definition....
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phycotoxicology (biochemistry)
The Cyanobacteria, or blue-green algae, are among the most primitive and widely distributed of all organisms. They have extreme temperature tolerances. Some strains of a species are toxic; other strains of the same species are not. Water blooms of blue-green algae have been responsible for the death of fishes, waterfowl, cattle, horses, swine, and other animals. Blue-green algae have also been......
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Phyfe, Duncan (American furniture designer)
Scottish-born American furniture designer, a leading exponent of the Neoclassical style, sometimes considered the greatest of all American cabinetmakers....
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