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Tully (Roman statesman, scholar, and writer)
Roman statesman, lawyer, scholar, and writer who vainly tried to uphold republican principles in the final civil wars that destroyed the republic of Rome. His writings include books of rhetoric, orations, philosophical and political treatises, and letters. He is remembered in modern times as the greatest Roman orator and innovator of what became known as Ciceronian rhetoric....
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Ṭulmaythah (Libya)
coastal city of ancient Cyrenaica (now part of Libya). The site was easily defensible and provided the only safe anchorage between Euhesperides-Berenice (modern Benghazi) and Apollonia (modern Sūsah in Libya). In the 3rd century bc the city received the name Ptolemais from Ptolemy III, who united Cyrenaica with Egypt. Its economy was based on trade with the interior, and the c...
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Tulpenwindhandel (European history)
a speculative frenzy in 17th-century Holland over the sale of tulip bulbs. Tulips were introduced into Europe from Turkey shortly after 1550, and the delicately formed, vividly coloured flowers became a popular if costly item. The demand for differently coloured varieties of tulips soon exceeded the supply, and prices for individual bulbs of rare types began to rise to unwarrant...
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Tulsa (Oklahoma, United States)
city, Osage and Tulsa counties, seat (1907) of Tulsa county, northeastern Oklahoma, U.S., situated on the Arkansas River. It originated in 1836 as a settlement of Creek Indians who named it for their former town in Alabama. White settlement began after the arrival in 1882 of the St. Louis-San Francisco Railway. The discovery of oil in nearby...
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Tulsa (work by Clark)
...addiction, uncontrolled sexuality, and violence. As an active participant, Clark was able to invest his images with a powerful immediacy. The photographs were published in 1971 as Tulsa, a book that established Clark’s national reputation....
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Tulsa, University of (university, Tulsa, Oklahoma, United States)
private, coeducational institution of higher learning in Tulsa, Oklahoma, U.S. It is affiliated with the Presbyterian Church (U.S.A.). The university offers undergraduate degrees through the Henry Kendall College of Arts and Sciences, the College of Business Administration, and the College of Engineering and Natural Sciences. The College of Law grants professi...
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tulsi (spice)
spice consisting of the dried leaves of Ocimum basilicum, an annual herb of the family Lamiaceae (Labiatae) native to India and Iran. A number of varieties are used in commerce including the small-leaf common basil, the larger leaf Italian basil, and the large lettuce-leaf basil. The dried large-leaf varieties have a fragrant aroma faintly reminiscent of anise, and a warm...
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Tulsī Rām (Hindu leader)
founder of the esoteric Hindu sect Rādhā Soāmi Satsaṅg....
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Tulsīdās (Indian poet)
Indian sacred poet whose principal work, the Rāmcaritmānas (“Sacred Lake of the Acts of Rāma”), is the greatest achievement of medieval Hindi literature and has exercised an abiding influence on the Hindu culture of northern India....
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Tulsidas (Indian poet)
Indian sacred poet whose principal work, the Rāmcaritmānas (“Sacred Lake of the Acts of Rāma”), is the greatest achievement of medieval Hindi literature and has exercised an abiding influence on the Hindu culture of northern India....
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Tulu language (Dravidian language)
member of the Dravidian language family, spoken in southern Karnataka state, India. Tulu has borrowed many words from the Kannada language, the official language of Karnataka, but they are not closely related. Tulu has no written tradition. In the early 21st century Tulu was spoken by some two million people....
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Tulu-Malayalam script (writing system)
...is called Transitional Grantha; from about 1300 on, the modern script has been in use. Currently two varieties are used: Brahmanic, or “square,” and Jain, or “round.” The Tulu-Malayalam script is a variety of Grantha dating from the 8th or 9th century ad. The modern Tamil script may also be derived from Grantha, but this is not certain....
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Tuluá (Colombia)
city, Valle del Cauca departamento, western Colombia. The site, originally settled by the Putimáes Indians, was called Villa de Jerez by early explorers. The Indians resisted all Spanish attempts at conquest from that of Bartolomé Giraldo Gil de Estupiñán in 1556 until subdued by Juan de Lemos y Aguirre in 1636. The latter es...
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Tulufan Pendi (mountain basin, China)
deep mountain basin in the Uygur Autonomous Region of Xinjiang, northwestern China. The Turfan Depression is a fault trough, descending ultimately to 508 feet (155 metres) below sea level (the lowest point in China), whereas the neighbouring Tarim River and Lop Nur areas are between 2,000 and 3,000 feet (600 and 900 metres...
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Tulun (Russia)
city, Irkutsk oblast (province), east-central Russia. It lies along the Iya River and the Trans-Siberian Railroad. Incorporated first in 1922, it changed to a rural settlement in 1924 and was reincorporated in 1927. It is a centre for the Azey lignite (brown coal) field and of the wood and forest industry. Pop. (1991 est.) 53,700....
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Ṭūlūn, Aḥmad ibn (governor of Egypt)
the founder of the Ṭūlūnid dynasty in Egypt and the first Muslim governor of Egypt to annex Syria....
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Ṭūlūnid dynasty (Egyptian history)
first local dynasty of Egypt and Syria to exist independently of the ʿAbbāsid caliphate in Baghdad, ruling 868–905. Its founder, Aḥmad ibn Ṭūlūn, a Turk, arrived in Egypt in 868 as vice governor and promptly (868–872) established a military and financial foothold in the province by organizing an independent Egyptian army a...
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Tuluva dynasty (Indian history)
...a time of pressure from the Bahmanī sultan and the raja of Orissa—Narasiṃha of the Sāluva family usurped power. By 1503 the Sāluva dynasty had been supplanted by the Tuluva dynasty. The outstanding Tuluva king was Kṛṣṇa Deva Rāya. During his reign (1509–29) the land between the Tungabhadra and Krishna rivers (the Raich...
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Tum Teav (Cambodian verse novel)
...tales (stories of the former lives of the Buddha, found widely in Southeast Asian literature), while others draw on local folktales and legends. One of the best-known is Tum Teav, a tragic love story believed to be based on real events that occurred during the 17th century. The story was passed down orally and then eventually recorded in the 19th century by......
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Tumaco (Colombia)
city, Nariño departamento, southwestern Colombia. It is situated on the Pacific coast, on a small island at the south end of Tumaco Bay. Named for an Indian chief, Tumas, who founded the settlement in 1570, Tumaco experienced prosperity as the point of export for rubber and cinchona bark gathered in the eastern rain forest. After the boom period,...
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Tumāḍir bint ʿAmr ibn al-Ḥārith ibn al-Sharīd (Arab poet)
one of the greatest Arab poets, famous for her elegies....
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Tumak (people)
...group forms a significant element of the population in the central parts of the Chari and Logone river basins. The Laka and Mbum peoples live to the west of the Sara groups and, like the Gula and Tumak of the Goundi area, are culturally distinct from their Sara neighbours. Along the banks of the Chari and Logone rivers, and in the region between the two rivers, are found the Tangale peoples....
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tuman (tribe)
...plateau. The Baloch were mentioned in Arabic chronicles of the 10th century ce. The old tribal organization is best preserved among those inhabiting the Sulaimān Mountains. Each tribe (tuman) consists of several clans and acknowledges one chief, even though in some tuman there are clans in habitual opposition to the chief....
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Tuman River (river, Asia)
river, forming the northeastern frontier of North Korea with China and Russia. It originates in the frontier Mount Paektu (Chinese: Pai-t’ou; 9,003 feet [2,744 m]), the highest mountain in Korea, and flows with its short tributaries through narrow gorges east-northeast to Hoeryŏng, north to Onsŏng, and southeast to the Sea of Japan (East Sea). Flowing swiftly through mountaino...
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Tuman-gang (river, Asia)
river, forming the northeastern frontier of North Korea with China and Russia. It originates in the frontier Mount Paektu (Chinese: Pai-t’ou; 9,003 feet [2,744 m]), the highest mountain in Korea, and flows with its short tributaries through narrow gorges east-northeast to Hoeryŏng, north to Onsŏng, and southeast to the Sea of Japan (East Sea). Flowing swiftly through mountaino...
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Tumasik
city-state located at the southern tip of the Malay Peninsula, about 85 miles (137 kilometres) north of the Equator. It consists of the diamond-shaped Singapore Island and some 60 small islets; the main island occupies all but about 18 square miles of this combined area. The main island is separated from Peninsular Malaysia to the north by Johor Strai...
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Tumba, Lake (lake, Democratic Republic of the Congo)
lake, part of the Congo River basin, northwestern Congo (Kinshasa). Lake Tumba lies 75 miles (120 km) northwest of Lake Mai-Ndombe (formerly Lake Léopold II). It covers 190 square miles (500 square km) and is 6–20 feet (2–6 m) deep. The lake empties into the Congo River by Irebu channel, just opposite its confluence with the Ubangi River. Lake Tumba is shallow, with low shores...
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Tumbatu (people)
The southern and eastern portions of Zanzibar island have been mainly populated by a Bantu-speaking people known as the Hadimu; the northern portion of Zanzibar island and the adjacent Tumbatu island have been occupied by another Bantu-speaking people known as the Tumbatu. These two groups represent the earliest arrivals in Zanzibar. Throughout the 19th century, and after, they were......
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Tumbes (Peru)
city, northwestern Peru. It is located on the Pacific coastal plain and on high banks overlooking the Tumbes River, 20 miles (30 km) from the Ecuadorian border....
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Tumbez (people)
In the 16th century the island served as a stopping point for Spanish conquistadors (including Francisco Pizarro) on their way south from Panama; it was originally inhabited by the aboriginal Tumbez Indians, whom not even the Inca had conquered. The present population is concentrated around the village of Puná at the island’s northeastern tip. Punta Salinas is a fishing and hunting.....
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Tumbez (Peru)
city, northwestern Peru. It is located on the Pacific coastal plain and on high banks overlooking the Tumbes River, 20 miles (30 km) from the Ecuadorian border....
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Tumbian industry (prehistoric technology)
sub-Saharan African stone tool industry of Acheulian derivation (see Acheulian industry) dating from the Late Pleistocene Epoch (about 130,000 to 10,000 years ago). It is more or less contemporaneous with the Fauresmith industry of southern Africa....
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Tumblagooda Sandstone (geological formation, Australia)
...the growth of the Caledonian highlands and their ability to shed clastic debris farther and farther afield. In Western Australia, similar thick red sandstones belonging to the Upper Silurian Tumblagooda Sandstone were derived from a Precambrian massif called the Yilgarn Block....
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tumble windmill grass
...known as finger grass, or windmill grass. Feathered finger grass (C. virgata) is a weedy North American annual with feathery spikelets. Windmill grass (C. truncata) of Australia and tumble windmill grass (C. verticillata) of North America are perennial species of waste areas. Several strains of Rhodes grass (C. gayana), a tufted perennial native to South Africa,......
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tumblebug (insect)
any of a group of beetles in the family Scarabaeidae (insect order Coleoptera) that forms manure into a ball using its scooper-like head and paddle-shaped antennae. In some species, the ball of manure can be as large as an apple. In the early part of the summer the dung beetle buries itself and the ball and feeds on it. Later in the season the female deposits eggs in balls of dung, on which the la...
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tumbler (food processing)
...poultry products, the meat is mixed with a variety of nonmeat ingredients, including flavourings, spices, and salt. Tumbling and massaging are gentle methods that produce a uniform meat mixture. A tumbler is a slowly rotating drum that works the meat into a smooth mixture. A massager is a large mixing chamber that contains a number of internal paddles. Cured turkey products (i.e.,......
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tumbler (lock mechanism)
The first serious attempt to improve the security of the lock was made in 1778 when Robert Barron, in England, patented a double-acting tumbler lock. A tumbler is a lever, or pawl, that falls into a slot in the bolt and prevents it being moved until it is raised by the key to exactly the right height out of the slot; the key then slides the bolt. The Barron lock (see Figure 4) had two tumblers......
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tumbler switch (electronics)
device for opening and closing electrical circuits under normal load conditions, usually operated manually. There are many designs of switches; a common type—the toggle, or tumbler, switch—is widely used in home lighting and other applications. The so-called mercury, or “silent,” switch is used extensively for controlling home lighting circuits. The oil switch has its....
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tumbling (gem cutting)
...of its very great hardness (see diamond cutting), gemstones are cut and polished in any of three ways. Agate, opal, jasper, onyx, chalcedony (all with a Mohs hardness of 7 or less) may be tumbled; that is, they may be placed in a cylinder with abrasive grit and water and the cylinder rotated about its long axis. The stones become polished but are irregular in shape. Second, the same......
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tumbling (acrobatics)
Circus acts have always crossed national borders and, traditionally, certain nationalities tend to dominate specific areas of circus performance. Eastern Europeans became known for acrobatics and tumbling over the course of the 20th century. In the groundbreaking high-wire act of the Russian Voljansky troupe, the wire changed from being horizontal to being at an oblique angle, while the tension......
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tumbling barrel (tool)
...diamond cutting), gemstones are cut and polished in any of three ways. Agate, opal, jasper, onyx, chalcedony (all with a Mohs hardness of 7 or less) may be tumbled; that is, they may be placed in a cylinder with abrasive grit and water and the cylinder rotated about its long axis. The stones become polished but are irregular in shape. Second, the same kinds of gemstones may instead be cut en...
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tumbling flower beetle (insect)
any of about 1,500 species of beetles (insect order Coleoptera) named for their jumping, turning, and tumbling motion when disturbed or caught. These black beetles are small, usually between 3 and 7 mm (0.1 to 0.3 inch) in length, and are most often seen on flowers. They are covered with fine hairs and are humpbacked and wedge-shaped, with a broad anterior end tapering to a pointed abdomen that ex...
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tumboa (plant)
common name of Welwitschia mirabilis, a plant species that is the sole member of the family Welwitschiaceae, order Gnetales....
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Tumboka (people)
a people who live on the lightly wooded plateau between the northwestern shore of Lake Nyasa (Lake Malaŵi) and the Luangwa River valley of eastern Zambia. They speak a Bantu language closely related to those of their immediate neighbours, the lakeside Tonga, the Chewa, and the Senga....
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tumbrel (wagon)
French two-wheeled dumpcart or wagon designed to be drawn by a single draft animal. Originally used to carry agricultural supplies, it was most often associated with the cartage of animal manure. It was also used, however, by artillery units to carry tools and ammunition, and during the French Revolution it gained wide celebrity as the vehicle used to bear prisoners to the guillotine....
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tumbril (wagon)
French two-wheeled dumpcart or wagon designed to be drawn by a single draft animal. Originally used to carry agricultural supplies, it was most often associated with the cartage of animal manure. It was also used, however, by artillery units to carry tools and ammunition, and during the French Revolution it gained wide celebrity as the vehicle used to bear prisoners to the guillotine....
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tumbuan (mask)
The Dukduk society used male (dukduk) and female (tubuan) masks. Both types are cone-shaped and were constructed of cane and fibre. The dukduk is taller than the tubuan and is faceless. The tubuan has circular eyes and a crescent-shaped mouth painted on a dark background. Both masks have short, bushy capes of leaves....
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Tumbuka (people)
a people who live on the lightly wooded plateau between the northwestern shore of Lake Nyasa (Lake Malaŵi) and the Luangwa River valley of eastern Zambia. They speak a Bantu language closely related to those of their immediate neighbours, the lakeside Tonga, the Chewa, and the Senga....
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Tümed (people)
In 1578 the Dge-lugs-pa took a step destined to bring foreign interference once more into Tibetan affairs. The third Dge-lugs-pa hierarch, Bsod-nams-rgya-mtsho, was invited to visit the powerful Tümed Mongol leader Altan Khan, with whom he revived the patron-priest relationship that had existed between Kublai Khan and ’Phags-pa. From this time dates the title of Dalai......
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T’umen’ (Russia)
’, city and administrative centre of Tyumen oblast (province), central Russia. The city lies in the southwestern part of the West Siberian Plain. It is situated on both banks of the Tura River at its crossing by the Trans-Siberian Railroad. Founded in 1586, it is the oldest Russian city in Siberia, located on the site of a Tatar town, Chingi-Tura, founded in the 14th century. A river...
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T’umen’ (oblast, Russia)
’, oblast (province), central Russia, occupying an area of 554,100 square miles (1,435,200 square km) in the Ob-Irtysh Basin. In the extreme west the Ural Mountains attain 6,217 feet (1,895 m) in Mount Narodnaya, but the remainder of the oblast’s huge area is a low, exceptionally flat plain, with innumerable lakes and very extensive swamps. The oblast stretches f...
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Tumen Ho (river, Asia)
river, forming the northeastern frontier of North Korea with China and Russia. It originates in the frontier Mount Paektu (Chinese: Pai-t’ou; 9,003 feet [2,744 m]), the highest mountain in Korea, and flows with its short tributaries through narrow gorges east-northeast to Hoeryŏng, north to Onsŏng, and southeast to the Sea of Japan (East Sea). Flowing swiftly through mountaino...
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Tumen River (river, Asia)
river, forming the northeastern frontier of North Korea with China and Russia. It originates in the frontier Mount Paektu (Chinese: Pai-t’ou; 9,003 feet [2,744 m]), the highest mountain in Korea, and flows with its short tributaries through narrow gorges east-northeast to Hoeryŏng, north to Onsŏng, and southeast to the Sea of Japan (East Sea). Flowing swiftly through mountaino...
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Tumkur (India)
city, eastern Karnātaka (formerly Mysore) state, southern India. Tumkūr lies at the foot of Devarayadurga Hill, which has a picturesque health resort at about 3,900 feet (1,190 m). The city, a road and rail centre, has a cluster of small-scale industries, which include a tool factory, soap works, and rice and oil mills. The chief crops grown in the surrounding area are millet, rice,...
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Tummel, Loch (lake, Scotland, United Kingdom)
...area) until it joins the River Tay just northwest of Pitlochry. The extensive Tummel-Garry Hydro-Electric Scheme, comprising 10 main power stations, is a major feature of the Tummel River basin. Loch Tummel is a popular scenic spot, as are the Falls of Tummel near the confluence of the Rivers Tummel and Garry....
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Tummel, River (river, Scotland, United Kingdom)
river and loch (lake), Scotland. The River Tummel rises on Rannoch Moor near the southern border of the Highland council area and drains via Loch Laidon through the heavily glaciated east-west valley containing the ribbon lakes (Lochs Rannoch and Tummel, in the Perth and Kinross council area) until it joins the River Tay just northwest of Pitlochry. The extensive Tummel-Garry Hydro-Electric Scheme...
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tumor (pathology)
a mass of abnormal tissue that arises without obvious cause from preexisting body cells, has no purposeful function, and is characterized by a tendency to independent and unrestrained growth. Tumours are quite different from inflammatory or other swellings because the cells in tumours are abnormal in appearance and other characteristics. Abnormal cells—the kind that generally make up tumour...
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tumour (plant disease)
an abnormal, localized outgrowth or swelling of plant tissue caused by infection from bacteria, fungi, viruses, and nematodes or irritation by insects and mites. See black knot; cedar-apple rust; clubroot; crown gall....
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tumour (pathology)
a mass of abnormal tissue that arises without obvious cause from preexisting body cells, has no purposeful function, and is characterized by a tendency to independent and unrestrained growth. Tumours are quite different from inflammatory or other swellings because the cells in tumours are abnormal in appearance and other characteristics. Abnormal cells—the kind that generally make up tumour...
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tumour marker (pathology)
...are likely to improve significantly the present systems of prognostication. Some are based on detecting and measuring the level of substances produced by the tumour. These substances, called tumour markers, also can aid in monitoring an individual who has received treatment for cancer to determine whether the tumour has returned. A rising level of a tumour marker in the blood will in......
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tumour necrosis factor (pathology)
a naturally occurring protein that is produced in the human body by the phagocytic cells known as macrophages. (The latter can engulf and destroy bacteria, viruses, and other foreign substances.) TNF is produced by macrophages when they encounter the poisonous substance in bacteria that is known as endotoxin. TNF seems to perform both helpful and harmful functions within the body. It helps cause t...
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tumour suppressor gene (pathology)
any of a class of genes that are normally involved in regulating cell growth but that may become cancer-causing when damaged. Tumour suppressor genes encode for proteins that are involved in inhibiting the proliferation of cells, which is crucial to normal cell development and differentiation. Because of this ability, tumour suppressor genes can also act to stem the uncontrolled growth of ...
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tumour-associated antigen (biology)
Tumour-associated antigens on tumour cells are not qualitatively different in structure from antigens found on normal cells, but they are present in significantly greater amounts. Because of their abundance, they are often shed into the bloodstream. Elevated levels of these antigens can be used as tumour markers—that is, indicators of a tumour....
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tumour-specific antigen (biology)
Tumour-specific antigens represent fragments of novel proteins that are presented at the cell surface bound to the major histocompatibility complex class I molecules. In this form they are recognized by T lymphocytes (T cells) and eliminated. The novel peptides are derived from mutated proteins or from production of a protein that is not expressed in normal cells....
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Tumuc-Humac, Massif des (mountains, South America)
mountain range that forms the Brazilian border with French Guiana and Suriname. An eastern extension of the Acarai Mountains, the range extends for about 180 miles (290 km) in an east-west direction and attains elevations of 2,800 feet (850 m). The range constitutes part of the northern watershed of the Amazon River basin. During the Spanish colonial era it was thought to hide El Dorado, the fabu...
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Tumuc-Humac Mountains (mountains, South America)
mountain range that forms the Brazilian border with French Guiana and Suriname. An eastern extension of the Acarai Mountains, the range extends for about 180 miles (290 km) in an east-west direction and attains elevations of 2,800 feet (850 m). The range constitutes part of the northern watershed of the Amazon River basin. During the Spanish colonial era it was thought to hide El Dorado, the fabu...
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Tumucumaque National Park (park, Amapá, Brazil)
...along the coast, which has long remained scantily populated. In the early 21st century several notable conservation efforts were undertaken to protect Amapá’s diverse fauna and flora. In 2002 Tumucumaque National Park—the world’s largest tropical forest park, with an area of about 15,000 square miles (39,000 square km)—was created. The park is part of the Amap...
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Tumucumaque, Serra (mountains, South America)
mountain range that forms the Brazilian border with French Guiana and Suriname. An eastern extension of the Acarai Mountains, the range extends for about 180 miles (290 km) in an east-west direction and attains elevations of 2,800 feet (850 m). The range constitutes part of the northern watershed of the Amazon River basin. During the Spanish colonial era it was thought to hide El Dorado, the fabu...
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tumulus (burial mound)
in England, ancient burial place covered with a large mound of earth. In Scotland, Ireland, and Wales the equivalent term is cairn. Barrows were constructed in England from Neolithic (c. 4000 bc) until late pre-Christian (c. ad 600) times. Barrows of the Neolithic Period were long and contained the various members of a family or clan, while those o...
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Tumulus Culture (European culture)
...chronological framework has been developed that, using the changes in burial rites and metal assemblages, divides the Bronze Age into either Early, Middle, and Late phases or into the Unetician, Tumulus, and Urnfield cultures. Synchronizations of the more detailed local subdivisions, which were based on typology of metal objects and cross-associations, have employed schemes of Paul Reinecke......
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Tumulus period (Japanese history)
early period (c. ad 250–552) of tomb culture in Japan, characterized by large earthen keyhole-shaped burial mounds (kofun) surrounded by moats. The largest of the 71 known tumuli, 1,500 feet (457 m) long and 120 feet (36 m) high, lie in the Nara (Yamato) Basin of Nara prefecture. Their impressive size indicates a highly organized aristocratic society with rulers ...
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Tumut (New South Wales, Australia)
town, southeastern New South Wales, Australia. It lies along the Tumut River, at the northern approach to the Australian Alps. The river valley, explored in 1824 by Hamilton Hume and William Hovell, was settled in the 1830s. The town was surveyed in 1848, and its name is derived from the Aboriginal word doomut, or “river campsite....
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Tumut River (river, New South Wales, Australia)
river, south New South Wales, Australia. It rises on the northwestern slopes of the Snowy Mountains and flows 90 miles (145 km) to join the Murrumbidgee River, east of the town of Gundagai....
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tun (Mayan chronology)
Reckoning was not by those years but by tuns (360 days) and their multiples of 20: katuns (20 tuns), baktuns (400 tuns), pictuns (8,000 ......
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Tun Hussein Onn (prime minister of Malaysia)
Malaysian politician and prime minister (1976–81) of a multiracial coalition government....
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tun shell (gastropod family)
...Doliacea (Tonnacea)Generally tropical predators on echinoderms; often burrow in sand; includes helmet shells (Cassidae), tun shells (Doliidae), frog shells (Bursidae), triton shells (Cymatiidae), and fig shells (Ficidae); frog and triton shells often live in rocky areas; most species large in......
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Tun-huang (China)
city, western Gansu sheng (province), northwestern China. Situated in an oasis in the Gansu-Xinjiang desert region, it is at the far western limit of traditional Chinese settlement along the Silk Road across Central Asia. Dunhuang was the first trading town reached by foreign merchants entering Chinese-administered terri...
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“Tun-huang” (work by Inoue)
...it was followed by Tōgyū (1949; “The Bullfight”), which secured his reputation. Among his many other successes are the novel Tonkō (1959; Tun-huang), which re-created 11th-century China and centred on the Buddhist treasure troves hidden in the Tun-huang (Dunhuang) caves, as well as......
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tuna (fish)
any of seven species of oceanic fishes, some very large, that constitute the genus Thunnus and are of great commercial value as food. They are related to mackerels and are placed with them in the family Scombridae (order Perciformes). Tunas vary considerably, both within and among species....
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Tuna language
...the language of the Methodist Mission in the Solomon Islands; Bambatana, a literary language used by the Methodists on Choiseul Island; Bugotu, a lingua franca on Santa Isabel (Ysabel Island); Tolai, a widely used missionary language in New Britain and New Ireland; Yabêm and Graged, lingua francas of the Lutheran Mission in the Madang region of Papua New Guinea; and Mota, a widely......
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tunable laser
The essential components of RIS methods are tunable lasers, which can be of either the pulsed or the continuous-wave variety. Pulsed lasers are more frequently used since they can add time resolution to a measurement system. In addition, pulsed lasers produce high peak power, permitting the efficient use of nonlinear optics to generate short-wavelength radiations. For example, in frequency......
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tunable oscillator
...the original one, and an amplifier can be made to oscillate, or generate an AC signal. Such signals are needed for many purposes and are created in numerous kinds of oscillator circuits. In a tunable oscillator, such as that required for a radio receiver, the parallel combination of an inductor and a capacitor is a tuned circuit: at one frequency, and only one, the inductive effects and......
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Ṭunb al-Kubrā (island, Persian Gulf)
When Britain finally left the Persian Gulf in late 1971, a dispute arose over the small islands of Greater and Lesser Ṭunb (Ṭunb al-Kubrā and Ṭunb al-Ṣughrā), in the Gulf about 50 miles (80 km) northwest of Raʾs al-Khaymah town; these islands had long been claimed by both Raʾs al-Khaymah and Iran. On Nov. 30, 1971, Iranian troops landed......
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Ṭunb al-Ṣughrā (island, Persian Gulf)
When Britain finally left the Persian Gulf in late 1971, a dispute arose over the small islands of Greater and Lesser Ṭunb (Ṭunb al-Kubrā and Ṭunb al-Ṣughrā), in the Gulf about 50 miles (80 km) northwest of Raʾs al-Khaymah town; these islands had long been claimed by both Raʾs al-Khaymah and Iran. On Nov. 30, 1971, Iranian troops landed......
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Tunbridge Wells (England, United Kingdom)
town and borough (district), administrative and historic county of Kent, England. It lies about 30 miles (48 km) southeast of London. The borough encompasses a largely rural area in the southwestern part of Kent. The town of Royal Tunbridge Wells, now included in the borough of Tunbridge Wells, grew up as a spa after a medicinal spring (containing mild chalybeate waters) was discovered at the......
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Tunbridge Wells (district, England, United Kingdom)
town and borough (district), administrative and historic county of Kent, England. It lies about 30 miles (48 km) southeast of London. The borough encompasses a largely rural area in the southwestern part of Kent. The town of Royal Tunbridge Wells, now included in the borough of Tunbridge Wells, grew up as a spa after a medicinal spring (cont...
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Tundi Khel (parade ground)
To the east is Tundi Khel, the parade ground, in the centre of which is a stone platform surrounding a tree, from which important government pronouncements were formerly made first to the army. Between it and the city is a tall watchtower built by Bhim Sen Thapa, a former prime minister. On the outskirts of Kathmandu are many palaces built by the Rana family, the most imposing of which is the......
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tundish (metallurgy)
The key control parameter of continuous casting is matching the flow of liquid steel into the mold with the withdrawal speed of the strand out of the mold. The control of flow rates is accomplished by the tundish, a small, refractory-lined distributer that is placed over the mold and that receives steel from the furnace ladle (see figure). Withdrawal speed is controlled by driven rolls, which......
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tundra (ecosystem)
treeless, level or rolling ground in polar regions (Arctic tundra) or on high mountains (alpine tundra), characterized by bare ground and rock or by such vegetation as mosses, lichens, small herbs, and low shrubs....
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tundra climate
Tundra climates occur between 60° and 75° of latitude, mostly along the Arctic coast of North America and Eurasia and on the coastal margins of Greenland. Mean annual temperatures are below freezing and annual ranges are large (but not as large as in the adjacent continental subarctic climate). Summers are generally mild, with daily maxima from 15 to 18 °C (59 °F to 64 ...
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tundra dwarf birch (tree)
...It is sometimes called red birch, black birch, or mountain birch. Swamp birch (B. pumila), a similar but smaller shrub, is found on boggy sites; it may be erect or trailing and matted. Bog birch (B. glandulosa) of North America, also called tundra dwarf birch or resin birch, and dwarf birch, or dwarf Arctic birch (B. nana), native to most far northern areas of the......
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tundra polygon (geology)
...The constant change in the volume of water tends to move the coarser particles in the soil to the surface. Further frost heaving arranges the stones and rocks according to their sizes to produce patterned ground. Circular arrangements of the larger rocks are termed stone rings. When neighbouring stone rings coalesce, they form polygonal stone nets. On steeper slopes, stone rings and stone......
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tundra swan (waterfowl)
...The constant change in the volume of water tends to move the coarser particles in the soil to the surface. Further frost heaving arranges the stones and rocks according to their sizes to produce patterned ground. Circular arrangements of the larger rocks are termed stone rings. When neighbouring stone rings coalesce, they form polygonal stone nets. On steeper slopes, stone rings and stone.........
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Tundra Yukaghir language
Yukaghir (regional name Odul) is spoken by about 200 persons (less than 20 percent of the ethnic group) who are divided about equally into two enclaves: Tundra Yukaghir (also called Northern Yukaghir) in the Sakha republic (Yakutia), near the estuary of the Indigirka River; and Kolyma, or Forest, Yukaghir (also called Southern Yukaghir) along the bend of the Kolyma River. Extinct earlier......
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Tundzha River (river, Bulgaria)
Bulgaria has a complex drainage pattern characterized, with the notable exception of the Danube, by relatively short rivers. The major rivers are the Maritsa (Marica), Iskŭr, Struma, Arda, Tundzha, and Yantra. Overall, more than half of the runoff drains to the Black Sea, and the rest flows to the Aegean Sea....
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tune family (music)
in music, group of melodies interrelated by melodic correspondence, particularly in general melodic contour, important intervals, and prominent accented tones. There may be differences of rhythmic pattern, mode, and text among melodies within a group. Such groups of related melodies may have evolved from a single melody that was changed by variation and imitation as it was diff...
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Tune Stone (Norwegian artifact)
5th-century monument bearing the most important Norwegian runic inscription, written vertically on two sides of the stone. Discovered in 1627 in southeastern Norway, it is now in Oslo. Authorities do not agree on the translation, but it is clear that WiwaR carved the runes in memory of WoduridaR. The latter part of the inscription tells how WoduridaR was honoured after his death and that he left ...
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tuned circuit (electronics)
any electrically conducting pathway containing both inductive and capacitive elements. If these elements are connected in series, the circuit presents low impedance to alternating current of the resonant frequency, which is determined by the values of the inductance and capacitance, and high impedance to current of other frequencies....
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tuned glasses (musical instrument)
musical instrument consisting of a set of graduated, tuned glass bowls sounded by the friction of wetted fingers on their rims. It was invented by Benjamin Franklin and was derived from the vérillon (musical glasses), a set of glasses, holding different amounts of water and thus yielding different notes, placed on a soundboard and rubbed by mois...
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tuned port enclosure (sound)
The tuned port or bass reflex enclosure achieves greater efficiency and extends the bass frequency range by carefully adjusting the shape and position of a hole or tube connecting the inside of the speaker box with the outside. The volume of the box thus acts as a type of Helmholtz resonator, with a resonant frequency that is determined by the geometry of the hole or tube and is deliberately......
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