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Hoglin’s Town (Ohio, United States)
city, Belmont county, eastern Ohio, U.S. It lies along the Ohio River (there bridged to Wheeling, W.Va.), about 60 miles (100 km) west of Pittsburgh, Pa. Squatters in the 1770s and ’80s formed settlements (Hoglin’s, or Mercer’s, Town and Norristown) on the site. In 1795 Absalom Martin ...
Hogmanay (Scottish festival)
...Night (January 25, the birthday of the poet Robert Burns, who wrote “Ode to a Haggis”) and at the Scottish New Year’s celebration Hogmanay, when it is ceremonially presented to the accompaniment of bagpipes....
Hogni (German mythology)
mythological Germanic hero who plays a variety of roles in a number of northern European legends. In the Nibelungenlied, he appears as a vassal of the Burgundian king Gunther and is a grizzled warrior, loyal and wary. He plays a principal role in the epic as the slayer of Siegfried, who becomes the chief object of hatred and revenge of Siegfried’s widow, Kriemhild. The last of the Ni...
hognose snake
(genus Heterodon), any of three species of North American nonvenomous snakes belonging to the family Colubridae. They are named for the upturned snout, which is used for digging. These are the harmless but often-avoided puff adders, or blow snakes, of North America. When threatened, they flatten the head and neck, th...
hognut (Conopodium majus)
European plant of the carrot family (Apiaceae), so called because of its edible tubers. It grows in woods and fields in the British Isles and from Norway, France, Spain, and Portugal to Italy and Corsica. The slender, smooth perennial, growing 750 mm to 1 m (30 to 39 inches) high, has much-divided leaves and small, white flowers in compound umbels...
Hogoleu Islands (islands, Micronesia)
cluster of 16 much-eroded high volcanic islands, Federated States of Micronesia, in the western Pacific Ocean. The name Chuuk means “high mountains” in the Chuukese language, one of several Malayo-Polynesian languages that are used in the islands. Forming part of the eastern Caroline...
hogon (African religious leader)
Each large district has a hogon, or spiritual leader, and there is a supreme hogon for the whole country. In his dress and behaviour the hogon symbolizes the Dogon myth of creation, to which the Dogon relate much of their social organization and culture. Their metaphysical system—which categorizes physical objects, personifies ......
högstra domstolen (Swedish court)
...tingsrätter), the intermediate courts of appeal (hovrätter), and the Supreme Court (högsta domstolen). District courts play the dominant role. A peculiar feature of these courts is a panel of lay assessors (......
hogweed (plant)
...rough hairy stems, mostly lobed or divided leaves, and inconspicuous greenish flowers that are borne in small heads, the male in terminal spikes and the female in the upper axils of the leaves. The common ragweed (A. artemisiifolia), also called Roman wormwood, hogweed, hogbrake, and bitterweed, is found across the North American continent. It typically grows about 1 metre (3.5 feet)......
hogweed (cow parsnip grouping)
any of certain plant species of the cow parsnip group....
“hohe Lied, Das” (work by Sudermann)
Among Sudermann’s other works, the novel Das hohe Lied (1908; The Song of Songs), a sympathetic study of the downward progress of a seduced girl, and Litauische Geschichten (1917; The Excursion to Tilsit), a collection of stories dealing with the simple villagers of his native region, are notable. Das Bilderbuch meiner Jugend (1922; The Book of My......
hohe Minne (literature)
in the later Middle Ages, a highly conventionalized code that prescribed the behaviour of ladies and their lovers. Amour courtois also provided the theme of an extensive courtly medieval literature that began with the troubadour poetry of Aquitaine and Provence in southern France toward the end of the 11th century. It constituted a revolution in thought and feeling, the effects of which are...
hôhe minne (literature)
in the later Middle Ages, a highly conventionalized code that prescribed the behaviour of ladies and their lovers. Amour courtois also provided the theme of an extensive courtly medieval literature that began with the troubadour poetry of Aquitaine and Provence in southern France toward the end of the 11th century. It constituted a revolution in thought and feeling, the effects of which are...
Hohe Tauern (mountains, Austria)
segment of the Eastern Alps in southern Austria, extending for 70 miles (110 km) between the Zillertal Alps and the Italian border (west) and Katschberg Pass (east). Within the range lie many lofty peaks, including Grossglockner (12,460 feet [3,798 metres]), the highest point in Austria. The range is crossed by road through the Felber Tauern Tunnel (east of Grossvenediger) and t...
Hohenemser, Kurt (American engineer)
German-born American aerospace engineer (b. Jan. 3, 1906, Berlin, Ger.—d. April 7, 2001, St. Louis, Mo.), was a pioneer in the field of helicopter design. During World War II, Hohenemser worked in Germany for inventor ...
Hohenheim, Philippus Aureolus Theophrastus Bombastus von (German-Swiss physician)
German-Swiss physician and alchemist who established the role of chemistry in medicine. He published Der grossen Wundartzney (Great Surgery Book) in 1536 and a clinical description of syphilis in 1530....
Hohenlinden, Battle of (European history)
...played the same leading role in the War of the Second Coalition that it did in the War of the First Coalition, with the same unfortunate result. The French victories at Marengo (June 14, 1800) and Hohenlinden (December 3, 1800) forced Emperor Francis II to agree to the Treaty of Lunéville (February 9, 1801), which confirmed the cession of the Rhineland. More than that, those rulers who.....
Hohenlohe (district, Germany)
The Hohenlohe district is the granary of Baden-Württemberg. It lies around the old free city of Schwäbisch Hall and extends all the way to the borders of Bavaria at Rothenburg ob der Tauber. Large farms and numerous, often well-preserved, castles provide ample evidence of the wealth of Hohenlohe in past centuries....
Hohenlohe family (German family)
German princely family which took its name from the district of Hohenlohe in Franconia. First mentioned in the 12th century as possessing the castle of Hohenloch or Hohenlohe, near Uffenheim, the family soon extended its influence over several of the Franconian valleys, including those of the Kocher, the Jagst, and the Tauber. Henry I (d. 1183) was the first to take the title of count of Hohenloh...
Hohenlohe-Ingelfingen, Friedrich Ludwig, Fürst zu (Prussian field marshal)
Prussian field marshal who commanded one of the two Prussian armies that were decisively defeated by Napoleon at the twin battles of Jena and Auerstädt in 1806, a disaster that turned his country into a French dependency....
Hohenlohe-Ingelfingen, Kraft, Prinz zu (Prussian military officer)
Prussian army officer and military writer....
Hohenlohe-Schillingsfürst, Chlodwig Karl Viktor, Fürst zu (German chancellor)
imperial German chancellor and Prussian prime minister from October 1894 to October 1900, the “Uncle Chlodwig” whose fatherly relationship with the emperor William II did not enable him to prevent his sovereign’s demagogic excesses....
Hohenstaufen dynasty (German dynasty)
German dynasty that ruled the Holy Roman Empire from 1138 to 1208 and from 1212 to 1254. The founder of the line was the count Frederick (died 1105), who built Staufen Castle in the Swabian Jura Mountains and was rewarded for his fidelity to Emperor He...
Hohenwart, Karl Siegmund, Graf von (prime minister of Austria)
Austrian statesman who served briefly as prime minister of Austria (1871)....
Hohenzollern dynasty (European dynasty)
dynasty prominent in European history, chiefly as the ruling house of Brandenburg-Prussia (1415–1918) and of imperial Germany (1871–1918). It takes its name from a castle in Swabia first mentioned as Zolorin or Zolre (the modern Hohenzollern, south of Tübingen, in the Land Baden-Württemberg). Burchard I, the first recorded ancestor of the dynasty, was count of Zo...
Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen, Karl Eitel Friedrich, Prinz Von (king of Romania)
first king of Romania, whose long reign (as prince, 1866–81, and as king, 1881–1914) brought notable military and economic development along Western lines but failed to solve the basic problems of an overwhelmingly rural country....
Höher Kranz Mountain (mountain, Germany)
...Zithers and guitars are also made there. Mittenwald is a health and vacation resort and a winter sports centre with a chairlift up the nearby Hoher Kranz Mountain (4,564 feet [1,391 metres]). Zugspitze, Germany’s highest peak at 9,718 feet (2,962 metres), is just west of Mittenwald. Pop. (1999 est.) 8,197....
Hohfeld, Wesley Newcomb (American legal scholar)
...departments of logic mentioned above. Such inquiries do not seem to catch the most characteristic kinds of legal conceptualization, however—with one exception, viz., a theory developed by Wesley Newcomb Hohfeld, a pre-World War I U.S. legal scholar, of what he called the fundamental legal conceptions. Although originally presented in informal terms, this theory is closely related to......
Hohhot (China)
city and (since 1952) provincial capital of the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, northern China. The city is a prefecture-level municipality (shi) and the command headquarters of the Inner Mongolia Military Region. It is situated in the upper valley of the Dahei River (a westward-flowing tributary of the Huang He [Yellow River], which it ...
“Höhlen der grossen Jäger, Die” (work by Baumann)
...Genghis Khan. His narrative history of some exciting archaeological discoveries, Die Höhlen der grossen Jäger (1953; Eng. trans., The Caves of the Great Hunters, 1954; rev. ed., 1962), is a minor classic. Mention should be made of Fritz Mühlenweg, a veteran of the Sven......
Hohlfeld, M. (German mathematician)
In 1824 M. Hohlfeld, a mathematics teacher in Leipzig, Ger., first described the precipitation of smoke particles by electricity. The first commercially successful process was developed in 1906 following experiments by F.G. Cottrell at the University of California, Berkeley....
hohlraum (physics)
...a variation of less than 1 percent. There are two methods to achieve this uniformity. In the first method, known as indirect drive, the pellet is located inside a hollow cylindrical shell known as a hohlraum, and the driver is aimed at the walls of the hohlraum. The hohlraum absorbs the driver’s energy and then radiates the target with intense X-rays, which cause the pellet to heat and i...
Hohman (Indiana, United States)
city, Lake county, northwestern Indiana, U.S. It is located in the Calumet industrial complex between Chicago and Gary, on the Grand Calumet River, near Lake Michigan. It was founded in 1869 when George Hammond, a pioneer in the shipping of refrigerated beef, established with Marcus Towle the ...
Hohmann orbit
most economical path (though not the shortest or fastest) for a spacecraft to take from one planet to another. The German engineer Walter Hohmann showed in 1925 that elliptical orbits tangent to the orbits of both the planet of departure and the target planet require the least fuel and energy....
Hohmichele (archaeological site, Germany)
...case the grave was a display of power and status, giving emphasis and prestige to an individual or a lineage at a time of overt disruption of the social order. One of these rich Hallstatt graves was Hohmichele, located within the complex around Heuneburg on the Danube. This barrow was one of the satellite graves surrounding the large hill fort. It covered a central grave and 12 secondary......
Hohn, Uwe (German athlete)
...As records continued to be broken, there was less and less space within the stadium to throw the javelin safely. Terje Pedersen (Norway) broke the 300-foot (91.44-metre) barrier in 1964, and by 1984 Uwe Hohn (East Germany) had thrown a prodigious 104.80 metres (343.8 feet), a throw so great that it influenced a change in the design of the javelin to keep it within the safe confines of the field...
Höhnel, Ludwig von (Austrian naval officer and explorer)
...and in that same year the Scottish explorer Joseph Thomson reached the shores of Lake Baringo. Five years later Count Sámuel Teleki and Ludwig von Höhnel reached Lake Rudolf. Considerable scientific study of the lakes region has been conducted since that time....
Hohokam culture (North American Indians)
prehistoric North American Indians who lived approximately from ad 200 to 1400 in the semiarid region of present-day central and southern Arizona, largely along the Gila and Salt rivers. The term Hohokam is said to be Pima for “those who have vanished.” The culture is customarily divided into four developmental peri...
Hohokam Pima National Monument (monument, Arizona, United States)
About 20 miles (32 km) northwest of Casa Grande is Hohokam Pima National Monument (established 1972), which covers 2.6 square miles (6.7 square km). The monument, which is in the Gila River Indian Reservation, preserves partially excavated village sites established many centuries before the Salado by the Hohokam people. The Hohokam (whose name is a Pima Indian word meaning “Those Who Have.....
Hoi An (Vietnam)
...the era of Western penetration of Vietnam. They were followed in 1527 by Dominican missionaries, and eight years later a Portuguese port and trading centre were established at Faifo (modern Hoi An), south of present-day Da Nang. More Portuguese missionaries arrived later in the 16th century, and they were followed by other Europeans. The best-known of these was the French Jesuit......
Høiby, Mette-Marit Tjessem (Norwegian princess)
Norwegian of middle-class background who, despite intense public scrutiny of what was seen by many as her checkered past, wed Crown Prince Haakon of Norway....
Hoihow (China)
city and capital of Hainan sheng (province), southern China. It is situated on the north coast of Hainan Island, facing the Leizhou Peninsula, across the Hainan (Qiongzhou) Strait (9.5 miles [15 km] wide). Haikou originally grew up as the port for ...
hoisin sauce (food)
commercially prepared, thick reddish-brown sauce used in Chinese cuisine both as an ingredient in cooking and as a table condiment. Made from soybeans, flour, sugar, water, spices, garlic, and chili, it is sweet and spicy. It is used in cooking shellfish and fatty meats such as pork and duck. As a condiment, hoisin sauce is eaten with shrimp, ...
hoist (mechanical device)
mechanical device used primarily for raising and lowering heavy loads but occasionally for moving objects horizontally. It usually consists of a block and tackle—a combination of one or more fixed pulleys, a moving pulley with a hook or other similar means of attaching loads, and a rope (or cable) between them. Motive power for a hoist may be either manual or supplied by...
“hojarasca, La” (work by García Márquez)
Before 1967 García Márquez had published two novels, La hojarasca (1955; The Leaf Storm) and La mala hora (1962; In Evil Hour); a novella, El coronel no tiene quien le escriba (1961; No One Writes to the Colonel); and a few short......
Hojas al viento (poems by Casal)
After a short period of formal education, Casal was forced to leave school because of failing family fortunes. His first volume of poetry, Hojas al viento (1890; “Leaves in the Wind”), clearly shows the influence of the French Parnassian poets, especially Baudelaire. Throughout his poetry, Casal expressed an almost compulsive preference for the artificial and man-made over......
Hōjō family (Japanese family)
family of hereditary regents to the shogunate of Japan who exercised actual rule from 1199 to 1333. During that period, nine successive members of the family held the regency. The Hōjō took their name from their small estate in the Kanogawa Valley in Izu Province....
Hojo Hideji (Japanese playwright)
Japanese playwright (b. 1902, Osaka, Japan--d. May 19, 1996, Kamakura, Japan), was the author of more than 200 plays and the leader of commercial theatre in Japan after World War II. His psychological dramas about average citizens appealed to mainstream audiences. Hojo studied ...
Hōjō Masako (Japanese nun)
wife of Minamoto Yoritomo (1147–99), the first shogun, or military dictator, of Japan. She is said to have been largely responsible for Yoritomo’s success, and after his death she assumed great power....
“Hōjō no umi” (work by Mishima)
Mishima’s last work, Hōjō no umi (1965–70; The Sea of Fertility), is a four-volume epic that is regarded by many as his most lasting achievement. Its four separate novels, Haru no yuki (Spring Snow), Homma (Runaway Horses), Akatsuki no tera (The Temple of Dawn), and Tennin gosui (The Decay of the......
Hōjō Sanetoki (Japanese warrior leader)
...powers from a Buddhist viewpoint. Meanwhile, as warriors began to contend and mingle with court nobles, many warrior leaders developed a love of scholarship and a delight in waka poetry. One was Hōjō Sanetoki, who collected Japanese and Chinese books and founded a famous library, the Kanazawa Bunko, in the Shōmyō Temple (at what is now Yokohama). Reflecting the rise....
Hōjō Takatoki (Japanese regent)
...Hōjō influence itself had declined considerably, and the regency had become the instrument of yet another family, the Nagasaki. Its ascendancy was facilitated by the youth of the regent, Hōjō Takatoki, who, at investiture, was only eight years old. As he grew to manhood, his questionable intelligence and dissolute ways—spending much time, for example, watching...
Hōjō Tokimasa (Japanese warrior and regent)
Japanese warrior who aided Minamoto Yoritomo in establishing the Kamakura shogunate, the military government by which Yoritomo ruled the country from his base at Kamakura in central Japan, while the emperor continued to rule only symbolically from his residence at Kyōto, to the southwest. After Yoritomo’s death...
Hōjō Tokimune (Japanese regent)
young regent to the shogun (military dictator of Japan), under whom the country fought off two Mongol invasions, the only serious foreign threats to the Japanese islands before modern times....
Hōjō Tokiyori (Japanese regent)
...system of the Nara and Heian civil aristocracy. In essence, it was a body of pragmatic law laid down for the proper conduct of the warriors in administering justice. In 1249 the regent Hōjō Tokiyori also set up a judicial court, the Hikitsuke-shū, to secure greater impartiality and promptness in legal decisions....
Hōjō Yasutoki (Japanese regent)
regent whose administrative innovations in the shogunate, or military dictatorship, were responsible for institutionalizing that office as the major ruling body in Japan until 1868 and for stabilizing Hōjō rule of Japan for almost a century....
Hōjō Yoshitoki (Japanese regent)
warrior responsible for the consolidation of the power of the Kamakura shogunate, the military dictatorship that ruled Japan from the city of Kamakura in central Japan (1192–1333)....
“Hōjō-ki” (work by Kamo)
Another important variety of medieval literature was the reflective essays of Buddhist priests. Hōjō-ki (1212; The Ten Foot Square Hut) by Kamo Chōmei is a hermit’s description of his disenchantment with the world and his discovery of peace in a lonely retreat. The elegiac beauty of its language gives this work, brief th...
hojŏk (South Korean society)
...for complete legal equality and won enhanced property ownership rights. Women also won the right to register as a head of family in a new family register system (hojŏk) that took effect in 2008. Under the old system only men could register as family heads; thus, children were legally part of the father’s family register, not the mother...
Hoka Priests, The (play by Zenchiku Ujinobu)
An example from the Nō plays will illustrate these generalizations. In The Hoka Priests, by Zenchiku Ujinobu (1414–99), a son is confronted with Hamlet’s problem—i.e., that of avenging the death of his father. He is uncertain how to proceed, since his father’s murderer has many bold fellows to stand by him, while he is all alone. He persuades his brother, ...
Hokaltecan languages (language group)
...of languages were spoken in Middle America. Some linguists have grouped them in a number of phyla, or superfamilies, each phylum being at the same classificatory level as, say, Indo-European. The Hokaltecan superfamily includes the Yuman family (four surviving languages, two extinct); the Serian family (one surviving language, four extinct); the Coahuiltecan family (four extinct languages);......
Hokan Coahuiltlecan languages (language group)
...of languages were spoken in Middle America. Some linguists have grouped them in a number of phyla, or superfamilies, each phylum being at the same classificatory level as, say, Indo-European. The Hokaltecan superfamily includes the Yuman family (four surviving languages, two extinct); the Serian family (one surviving language, four extinct); the Coahuiltecan family (four extinct languages);......
Hokan languages (American Indian language)
major group, or phylum, of American Indian languages; it includes three families of Mesoamerican Indian languages and 14 families of North American Indian languages. The Mesoamer...
Hokan-Siouan languages (language group)
...of languages were spoken in Middle America. Some linguists have grouped them in a number of phyla, or superfamilies, each phylum being at the same classificatory level as, say, Indo-European. The Hokaltecan superfamily includes the Yuman family (four surviving languages, two extinct); the Serian family (one surviving language, four extinct); the Coahuiltecan family (four extinct languages);......
Hokchia language (Chinese language)
Chinese language spoken by considerably fewer than the estimated 80 million Hakka people living mainly in eastern and northern Guangdong province but also in Fujian, Jiangxi, Guangxi, Hunan, and Sichuan provinces. Hakka is also spoken by perhaps 7 million immigrants in widely scattered areas, notably Thailand, Malaysia, and Indonesia. The best-known dialect is...
“Hoke-Kyō” (Buddhist text)
(“Lotus of the Good Law [or True Doctrine] Sutra”), one of the earlier Mahāyāna Buddhist texts venerated as the quintessence of truth by the Japanese Tendai (Chinese T’ien-t’ai) and Nichiren sects. The Lotus Sutra is regarded by many others as a religious classic of great beauty and power and one of the most important and most popular works in the ...
hoket (music)
in medieval polyphonic (multipart) music, the device of alternating between parts, single notes, or groups of notes. The result is a more or less continuous flow with one voice resting while the other voice sounds....
Ḥokhma (religion)
The doctrine of the heavenly Wisdom (Sophia) represents an Eastern Church particularity. In late Judaism, speculations about the heavenly Wisdom—a figure beside God that presents itself to humanity as mediator in the work of creation as well as mediator of the knowledge of God—abounded. In Roman Catholic doctrine, Mary, the mother of God, was identified with the figure of the divine....
Ḥokhmat Yeshuaʿ Ben-Sira (biblical literature)
deuterocanonical biblical work (accepted in the Roman Catholic canon but noncanonical for Jews and Protestants), an outstanding example of the wisdom genre of religious literature that was popular in the early Hellenistic period of Judaism (3rd century bc to 3rd century ad). This book appeared in the Septuagint, the...
Hokinson, Helen (American cartoonist)
American cartoonist best known for her gently satirical drawings of plump, slightly bewildered suburban matrons and clubwomen. Her “girls” were unworldly and naïve, concerned with diets, hats, propriety, and the diligent pursuit of culture and self-improvement....
Hokitika (borough, New Zealand)
town on the west coast of South Island, New Zealand. It lies at the mouth of the Hokitika River, which rises in the Southern Alps and, fed by the Mungo, Whitcombe, and Kokatahi rivers, flows northward 40 mi (64 km) to Westland Bight ...
Hokitika River (river, New Zealand)
town on the west coast of South Island, New Zealand. It lies at the mouth of the Hokitika River, which rises in the Southern Alps and, fed by the Mungo, Whitcombe, and Kokatahi rivers, flows northward 40 mi (64 km) to Westland Bight of the ......
Hokkaido (island, Japan)
northernmost of the four main islands of Japan, bordered by the Sea of Japan (East Sea; west), the Sea of Okhotsk (north), and the Pacific Ocean (east and sou...
Hokkaidō (island, Japan)
northernmost of the four main islands of Japan, bordered by the Sea of Japan (East Sea; west), the Sea of Okhotsk (north), and the Pacific Ocean (east and sou...
Hokkaido University (university, Sapporo, Japan)
American educator and agricultural expert who helped organize Sapporo Agricultural School, later Hokkaido University, in Japan. He also stimulated the development of a Christian movement in Japan....
Hokke school (Buddhist school)
rationalist school of Buddhist thought that takes its name from the mountain in southeastern China where its founder and greatest exponent, Zhiyi, lived and taught in the 6th century. The school was introduced into Japan in 806 by Saichō, known posthumously as Dengyō Daishi....
Hokkedō (temple building, Nara, Japan)
The other major site for important Nara period works preceding the construction of Tōdai Temple is Hokkedō, also known as Sangatsudō, located at the eastern edge of the Tōdai complex. Tradition suggests that Hokkedō, the oldest building in the Tōdai complex, may have been the temple of the monk Rōben, who, working in tandem with Emperor Shōmu...
hokku (Japanese literature)
unrhymed Japanese poetic form consisting of 17 syllables arranged in three lines of 5, 7, and 5 syllables respectively. The term haiku is derived from the first element of the word haikai (a humorous form of renga, or linked-verse poem) and the second element of the word hokku (the initial stanza of a ...
hōkōshū (Japanese government)
...were next in importance to the kanrei. New offices were established to streamline judicial decisions and handle financial matters, and the Ashikaga maintained their own private guard, the hōkōshū. In local administration, a special administrator was set up in Kamakura to control the 10 provinces of the Kantō area. This office came to be held by heads of...
Hokuriku (industrial area, Japan)
industrial region, west-central Honshu, Japan, lying along the Sea of Japan. It is neither an administrative nor a political entity. The northeastern portion of the area, occupying parts of Niigata and Toyama ken (prefectures), specializes in heavy and chemical ind...
Hokusai (Japanese artist)
Japanese master artist and printmaker of the ukiyo-e (“pictures of the floating world”) school. His early works represent the full spectrum of ukiyo-e art, including single-sheet prints of landscapes and actors, hand paintings, and surimono (“printed things”), such as greetings and announcements. Later he concentrated on the classical themes of...
Hokusai manga (work by Hokusai)
...Hokusai’s attention turned gradually from novel illustration to the picture book and, particularly, to the type of wood-block-printed copybook designed for amateur artists (including the famous Hokusai manga). Very likely his intention was to find new pupils and hence new patronage, and in this he succeeded to some degree....
ḥol ha-moʿed (Judaism)
in Judaism, the less festive days or semiholidays that occur between the initial and final days of the Passover (Pesaḥ) and Sukkot religious holidays. Because Jews in Israel celebrate Passover for seven days and Sukkot for eight, and Jews outside Israel add an additional day to each festival, the number of ḥol ha-moʿed days is regulated by the locale. Israel, moreover, ...
hol hamoed (Judaism)
in Judaism, the less festive days or semiholidays that occur between the initial and final days of the Passover (Pesaḥ) and Sukkot religious holidays. Because Jews in Israel celebrate Passover for seven days and Sukkot for eight, and Jews outside Israel add an additional day to each festival, the number of ḥol ha-moʿed days is regulated by the locale. Israel, moreover, ...
Hola Mahalla (Sikh festival)
...The remaining four are the installation of the Guru Granth Sahib, the New Year festival of Baisakhi, Diwali, and Hola Mahalla. Festivals are marked by processions in the streets and visits to gurdwaras, particularly to those associated with one of the Gurus or with some......
Holabird, William (American architect)
U.S. architect who, with his partner, Martin Roche, was a leading exponent of the influential Chicago School of commercial architecture; their Tacoma Building (Chicago, 1886–89) established the use of a total steel skeleton as a framework for building skyscrapers—a significant advance over the pioneering use of metal supports i...
Holacanthus ciliaris (fish)
...of the Indo-Pacific; the French angelfish, Pomacanthus paru (or P. arcuatus), a black and yellow species of the Atlantic; and the queen angelfish (Holacanthus ciliaris), a blue and yellow fish of the Atlantic....
Holand, Thomas de (English noble)
prominent English noble in the reign of Richard II....
Holanda, A (work by Ortigão)
Ortigão traveled widely throughout his life. His outstanding book is probably A Holanda (1885; “Holland”), in which he praises the mode of life and achievements of the Dutch people and upholds them as a model for the Portuguese. With advancing years his political outlook became more conservative; he was opposed to the revolution of 1910, which overthrew the monarchy......
Holappa, Pentti (Finnish writer)
...works he used history as a filter through which to assess contemporary society as well as his own place in it (e.g., Faustus [1996]). A writer who took a somewhat different path was Pentti Holappa, a political columnist and poet, praised for the formal mastery of his diction. He introduced the French nouveau roman (New Novel) to Finland....
Hólar (Iceland)
...Some were ordained, and as a group they seem to have closely controlled the organization of the new religion. Two bishoprics were established, one at Skálholt in 1056 and the other at Hólar in 1106. Literate Christian culture also transformed lay life. Codification of the law was begun in 1117–18. Later the Icelanders began to write sagas, which were to reach their......
Holarctic realm (faunal region)
one of the six major land areas of the world defined on the basis of its characteristic animal life. It encompasses all the nontropical parts of Europe and Asia, Africa north of the Sahara, and North America south to the Mexican desert region. This vast region is often subdivided into the Palaearctic (Old ...
Holarctic region (faunal region)
one of the six major land areas of the world defined on the basis of its characteristic animal life. It encompasses all the nontropical parts of Europe and Asia, Africa north of the Sahara, and North America south to the Mexican desert region. This vast region is often subdivided into the Palaearctic (Old ...
Holbach, Paul-Henri Dietrich, baron d’ (French philosopher)
French encyclopaedist and philosopher, a celebrated exponent of atheism and Materialism, whose inherited wealth allowed him to entertain many of the noted philosophers of the day, some of whom (Comte de Buffon, J.-J. Rousseau, d’Alembert) reportedly withdrew from his gatherings, frightened by the audacity of their speculations....
Holbæk (Denmark)
city and port, northern Sjælland (Zealand), Denmark, on Holbæk Fjord. An old-established market town chartered in 1250, it is a rail junction with small industries and a modern harbour, which contains a large marina. The local museum comprises farmsteads, workshops, and merchants’ houses of former times....
Holbein, Hans, the Elder (German painter)
German painter associated with the Augsburg school. He was the senior member of a family of painters that included his brother Sigmund and his sons Ambrosius (c. 1494–1519/20) and the famous Hans Holbein the Younger....
Holbein, Hans, the Younger (German painter)
German painter, draftsman, and designer, renowned for the precise rendering of his drawings and the compelling realism of his portraits, particularly those recording the court of King Henry VIII of England....
Holbein rug (decorative arts)
any of several types of 15th- to 17th-century Anatolian floor coverings, the patterns of which appear in paintings by the German painter Hans Holbein the Younger (1497/8–1593). The best-known of these have, in diagonal rows, small octagons with interlaced outlines and a group of concentric arabesque...
Holberg, Ludvig, Friherre Holberg (Scandinavian author)
the outstanding Scandinavian literary figure of the Enlightenment period, claimed by both Norway and Denmark as one of the founders of their literatures....
Holborn (neighbourhood and former borough, London, United Kingdom)
neighbourhood and former metropolitan borough (until 1965) of London. Now part of the borough of Camden, it lies northwest of the City of London and south of the Islington neighbourhood of Clerkenwell. Gray’s Inn and Lincoln’s Inn, two of the four Inns of Court, are central features of the ...

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