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Méndez, Concha (Spanish poet)
...and in their form epistles, sonnets, and odes. Frequent themes are philosophical inspiration, faith, religiosity, separation, menace (echoing the Civil War), friendships, and her wanderings. Concha Méndez published four major poetry collections before the Civil War drove her into exile. Drawing upon traditional popular forms and the oral tradition, Méndez’s prewar......
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Méndez de Haro, Don Luis (minister of Spain)
chief minister and favourite of King Philip IV (reigned 1621–65), who failed to stem the decline of Spanish power and prestige....
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Mendez, Jose (Cuban baseball player)
...whites, a Japanese, a Hawaiian, an American Indian, and several Latin Americans. On its roster at various times before World War I were two of the greatest black pitchers, John Donaldson and Jose Mendez....
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Méndez, José de la Caridad (Cuban baseball player)
...whites, a Japanese, a Hawaiian, an American Indian, and several Latin Americans. On its roster at various times before World War I were two of the greatest black pitchers, John Donaldson and Jose Mendez....
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Méndez, Josefina (Cuban ballerina)
Cuban ballerina who was regarded as one of the “four jewels” of the National Ballet of Cuba, together with Loipa Araújo, Aurora Bosch, and Mirta Plá, and was a master stylist whose technique and interpretive skills were showcased during a 35-year career as a dancer and later as the company’s ballet mistress. Méndez, who studied under Alicia Alonso, traine...
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Méndez Montenegro, Julio César (president of Guatemala)
Guatemalan politician who served as president from 1966 to 1970 but was a puppet of the military, which launched a campaign of repression that saw 10,000 civilians assassinated during Méndez’s presidency (b. Nov. 23, 1915--d. April 28, 1996)....
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Mendi (Papua New Guinea)
town on the island of New Guinea, central Papua New Guinea, southwestern Pacific Ocean. It lies at an elevation of 5,495 feet (1,675 m) in the Mendi River valley on a gentle volcanic slope with mountains to the west and east. The heavily populated area surrounding Mendi remains little-developed. Vegetables and coffee are grown in the area, and a tea plantation is located nearby....
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mendicant (Roman Catholicism)
member of any of several Roman Catholic religious orders who assumes a vow of poverty and supports himself or herself by work and charitable contributions. The mendicant orders surviving today are the Dominicans, Franciscans, Augustinians (Augustinian Hermits), Carmelites, Trinitarians, Mercedarians, Servites, Minims, Hospitalers of St. Joh...
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Mendigola (parish, Venice, Italy)
The main port and related activities have now shifted to the parish of Mendigola in the west. There the main cruise liners dock, and the offices of shipping lines occupy former palaces. But the real focus of commercial shipping today is Port Marghera, developed next to the suburb of Mestre on the mainland shore west of Venice. Marco Polo International Airport (1960) was built on reclaimed land......
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Mendip (district, England, United Kingdom)
district, administrative and historic county of Somerset, southwestern England, about 20 miles (32 km) south of the city of Bristol. It is named after the most prominent feature in the district, the Mendip Hills, a limestone tableland with a summit more than 800 feet (240 metres) high in the northwest. The Mendips extend for about 25 miles (40 km) from between...
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Mendip Hills (hills, England, United Kingdom)
range of hills in the geographic county of Somerset, England, extending 23 miles (37 km) northwest from the Frome valley. The Eastern Mendip is comparatively low, but the Western Mendip forms a plateau 6 miles wide and more than 800 feet (244 metres) high. Farther west the Wavering Down and Bleadon Hill continue the trend of the upland toward the Bristol Channel. Swallet holes a...
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Mendis, Devamitta Asoka (American astronomer)
...since the proposal of Whipple’s model (1950). Second, detailed models of the formation and disruption of such mantles due to solar-radiation processing of the upper layers had been studied by Devamitta Asoka Mendis of the United States (1979) and M. Horanyi of Hungary (1984)....
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Mendl, Lady (American interior designer)
American interior designer, hostess, and actress, best known for her innovative and anti-Victorian interiors....
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Mendocino Fracture Zone (fracture zone, Pacific Ocean)
submarine fracture zone in the eastern Pacific Ocean, defined by one of the major transform faults dissecting the spreading centre of the Gorda Ridges. The Mendocino Fracture Zone extends west from immediately offshore of Cape Mendocino, California, for at least 2,500 miles (4,000 km). Topographically, over much of its length, the Mendocino Fault forms a south...
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Mendog (ruler of Lithuania)
ruler of Lithuania, considered the founder of the Lithuanian state. He was also the first Lithuanian ruler to become a Christian....
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Mendosicutes (bacteria)
...shape at different life stages. Includes Mycoplasma and forms once known as pleuropneumonia-like organisms (PPLO).Division MendosicutesCell wall, when present, lacks peptidoglycan. Rods or cocci.Class ArchaebacteriaPossess ce...
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Mendota, Lake (Wisconsin, United States)
...estimates include annual totals of between 60 and 90 centimetres (two and three feet) for Lake Ontario (using different techniques and for different years); about 75 centimetres (2.5 feet) for Lake Mendota, Wisconsin; over 210 centimetres (seven feet) for Lake Mead, Arizona and Nevada; about 140 centimetres (4.5 feet) for Lake Hefner; about 660 millimetres (26 inches) for the IJsselmeer,......
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Mendovg (ruler of Lithuania)
ruler of Lithuania, considered the founder of the Lithuanian state. He was also the first Lithuanian ruler to become a Christian....
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Mendoza (Argentina)
city, capital of Mendoza provincia (province), western Argentina, at an elevation of 2,497 ft (761 m), in the irrigated Río Mendoza Valley, at the foot of the secondary Andean range, Sierra de los Paramillos. The city was founded and relocated several times in the 1560s by Spaniards arriving from Chile. Not until...
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Mendoza (province, Argentina)
provincia (province), western Argentina. Mendoza province extends eastward from the high peaks of the Andes Mountains, which form its boundary with Chile. A considerable part of its area is occupied by arid and semiarid sections of sub-Andean ranges, foothills, and piedmont. The highest peak of the Andes (and the Wester...
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Mendoza, Antonio de (viceroy of New Spain)
the first and probably the most able viceroy of New Spain, who ruled the conquered Mexican territory with justice, efficiency, and a degree of compassion and established policies that endured until the colonies gained their independence....
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Mendoza, Daniel (British boxer)
bareknuckle pugilist, 16th in the succession of English heavyweight champions and the first Jewish champion. He was the first important fighter to combine scientific boxing with rapid, rather than hard, punching—a great change from the mauling style used until his time. Not a very big man (height, 5 ft 7 in [1.7 m]; weight, 160 lb [72.5 kg]), he relied on his courage, strong arms, and excel...
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Mendoza family (Spanish nobility)
...(southwest of Madrid), and especially Andalusia—that is, those provinces most recently reconquered from the Muslims—were the domain of the great nobility. There the Enríquez, the Mendoza, and the Guzmán families and others owned vast estates, sometimes covering almost half a province. They had grown rich as a result of the boom in wool exports to Flanders during the....
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Mendoza, García Hurtado de (Spanish explorer)
...of the Damas and Rahue rivers, 40 miles (64 km) inland from the Pacific coast. It was founded in 1553 under the name Santa Marina de Gaete, but this attempt failed. It was refounded in 1558 by García Hurtado de Mendoza, who named it Ciudad de San Mateo de Osorno. The settlement came under attack by Araucanian Indians in 1599 and was devastated in 1602. After several unsuccessful......
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Mendoza, Iñigo López de, marqués de Santillana (Spanish poet)
Spanish poet and Humanist who was one of the great literary and political figures of his time. As lord of the vast Mendoza estates, he led the nobles in a war against King John II of Castile and in expeditions against the Muslims; he also collected a magnificent library (now in the Biblioteca Nacional, Madrid), patronized the arts, and wrote poetry of high quality....
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Mendoza, Lydia (American singer)
American singer who captivated audiences with her interpretations of such songs as “Mal hombre,” “La valentina,” and “Angel de mis anhelos.” The queen of Tejano (Texan Mexican music) was also dubbed the “lark of the border” and the “songstress of the poor” and was noted for her mastery of the 12-string guitar. In 1999 Mendoza wa...
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Mendoza, Pedro de (Spanish explorer)
Spanish soldier and explorer, the first governor of the Río de la Plata region of Argentina and founder of Buenos Aires....
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Mendoza, Pedro González de (Spanish cardinal)
Spanish prelate and diplomat who influenced Isabella of Castile and Ferdinand of Aragon and was called, even in his own time, “the third king of Spain.”...
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Mendut, Candi (temple, Java)
...possessed of all power. From the left emanates the bodhisattva Vajrapani, who is the personification of the most secret doctrines and practices of Tantric Buddhism. One of Java’s greatest monuments, Candi Mendut, is a shrine expressly created to illustrate the combined doctrine of garbha-dhatu and vajra-dhatu....
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Menedemus of Eretria (Greek philosopher)
Greek philosopher who founded the Eretrian school of philosophy....
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Meneer Vissers hellevaart (work by Vestdijk)
The cerebral, intellectual approach that characterizes Vestdijk’s writing was already apparent in his poetry, with which he started his literary career. In his first published novel, Meneer Vissers hellevaart (1936; “Mr. Visser’s Journey Through Hell”), the influence of James Joyce is evident—from the wealth of interior monologue to the author’s pre...
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menehune (legendary Hawaiian people)
...wall at a bend in the Huleia Stream; according to legend, the wall, 4 feet (1.2 metres) wide and 5 feet (1.5 metres) above water level, was built in one night by the menehunes (“little people”), who were said to have accomplished great construction feats. Also near Lihue is Huleia National Wildlife Refuge (closed to the public), which......
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Menehune Ditch (irrigation system, Hawaii, United States)
...The Pacific Missile Range Facility, Barking Sands, operated by the U.S. Navy and located on the coast near Mana, conducts subsurface, surface, air, and space missile tests. A famous landmark is Menehune Ditch, a large irrigation system built of smoothed lava stone; according to legend, the structure, constructed before Polynesian settlement, was built in one night by ......
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Menehune Fishpond (Niumalu, Hawaii, United States)
In ancient times Hawaiian chiefs would prove their courage by diving over the cliff at Wailua Falls, 5 miles (8 km) north. At nearby Niumalu the Menehune Fishpond, dating from about 1,000 years ago, was formed by a 900-foot (275-metre) stone wall at a bend in the Huleia Stream; according to legend, the wall, 4 feet (1.2 metres) wide and 5 feet (1.5 metres) above water level, was built in one......
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Menelaus (Jewish high priest)
...itself. As high priest from 175 to 172, Jason established Jerusalem as a Greek city, with Greek educational institutions. His ouster by an even more extreme Hellenizing faction, which established Menelaus (died 162 bce) as high priest, occasioned a civil war in which Menelaus was supported by the wealthy aristocrats and Jason by the masses. The Syrian king Antiochus IV Epiphanes, ...
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Menelaus (Greek mythology)
in Greek mythology, king of Sparta and the younger son of Atreus, king of Mycenae; the abduction of his wife, Helen, led to the Trojan War. During the war Menelaus served under his elder brother Agamemnon, the commander in chief of the Greek forces. When Phrontis, one of his crewmen, was killed, Menelaus delayed his voyage until the man had been buried, thus g...
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Menelaus of Alexandria (Greek mathematician)
Greek mathematician and astronomer who first conceived and defined a spherical triangle (a triangle formed by three arcs of great circles on the surface of a sphere)....
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Menelaus’ theorem (mathematics)
...Book II established theorems whose principal interest is their (unstated) application to problems in spherical astronomy. Book III, the last, concentrates on spherical trigonometry and introduces Menelaus’s theorem. The form of this theorem for plane triangles, well known to his contemporaries, was expressed as follows: if the three sides of a triangle are crossed by a straight line (one...
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Menelik I (legendary emperor of Ethiopia)
...setting of the 14th-century work Kebra Negast (“Glory of the Kings”), which relates the tradition of the transference of the Ark of the Covenant from Jerusalem to Aksum by King Menilek I, legendary son of Solomon and the Queen of Sheba (Makeda). According to tradition, the Church of St. Mary of Zion contains the Ark of the Covenant. Over the centuries, however, the church.....
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Menelik II (emperor of Ethiopia)
king of Shewa (or Shoa; 1865–89), and emperor of Ethiopia (1889–1913). One of Ethiopia’s greatest rulers, he expanded the empire almost to its present-day borders, repelled an Italian invasion in 1896, and carried out a wide-ranging program of modernization....
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Menem, Carlos (president of Argentina)
politician and lawyer, who served as president of Argentina (1989–99)—the first Peronist to be elected president of Argentina since Juan Perón in 1973....
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Menem, Carlos Saúl (president of Argentina)
politician and lawyer, who served as president of Argentina (1989–99)—the first Peronist to be elected president of Argentina since Juan Perón in 1973....
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Menen, Aubrey (British writer)
British writer whose essays and novels explore the nature of nationalism and the cultural contrast between his own Irish-Indian ancestry and his traditional British upbringing....
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Menen, Salvator Aubrey Clarence (British writer)
British writer whose essays and novels explore the nature of nationalism and the cultural contrast between his own Irish-Indian ancestry and his traditional British upbringing....
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Menéndez de Avilés, Pedro (Spanish conquistador)
Spaniard who founded St. Augustine, Florida, and was a classic example of the conquistador—intrepid, energetic, loyal, and brutal....
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Menéndez Pidal, Ramón (Spanish scholar)
scholar whose work on the origins of the Spanish language, as well as critical editions of texts, generated a revival of the study of medieval Spanish poetry and chronicles....
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Menéndez y Pelayo, Marcelino (Spanish critic)
Spanish literary critic and historian, remarkable for his vast erudition and his elegant and flexible prose. Although some of his judgments are no longer accepted, his studies of medieval, Renaissance, and Golden Age Spanish literature are still invaluable. The range and profundity of his knowledge enabled him to make valuable assessments of the Hispanic contribution to Western literature....
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Menenius (fictional character)
...are compact and striking, and its most effective moments are characterized by understatement or silence. When the banished Coriolanus returns at the head of the opposing army, he says little to Menenius, the trusted family friend and politician, or to Volumnia, both of whom have come to plead for Rome. His mother’s argument is long and sustained, and for more than 50 lines he listens, un...
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Menenius Agrippa (fictional character)
...are compact and striking, and its most effective moments are characterized by understatement or silence. When the banished Coriolanus returns at the head of the opposing army, he says little to Menenius, the trusted family friend and politician, or to Volumnia, both of whom have come to plead for Rome. His mother’s argument is long and sustained, and for more than 50 lines he listens, un...
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Meneptah (king of Egypt)
king of Egypt (reigned 1213–04 bc) who successfully defended Egypt against a serious invasion from Libya....
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Menes (king of Egypt)
first king of unified Egypt, who, according to ancient tradition, joined Upper and Lower Egypt in a single, centralized monarchy. Manetho, a 3rd-century-bce Egyptian historian, called him Menes; the 5th-century-bce Greek historian Herodotus referred to him as Min; and two native-king lists of th...
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Meneses, Aleixo de (archbishop)
council that formally united the ancient Christian Church of the Malabar Coast (modern Kerala), India, with the Roman Catholic church; it was convoked in 1599 by Aleixo de Meneses, archbishop of Goa. The synod renounced Nestorianism, the heresy that believed in two Persons rather than two natures in Christ, as the Indians were suspected of being heretics by the Portuguese missionaries. The......
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Mēness (Baltic god)
in Baltic religion, the moon, the god whose monthly renewal of strength is imparted to all growing things. The “young,” or “new,” moon, sometimes called Dievaitis (Lithuanian: “Little God,” or “Prince”), is especially receptive to human prayers and is honoured by farmers....
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menestral (entertainer)
(Old French and Provençal: menestrel; from Latin ministerium, “service”), between the 12th and 17th centuries, a professional entertainer of any kind, including juggler, acrobat, and storyteller; more specifically, a secular musician, usually an instrumentalist. In some contexts, “minstrel” more particularly denoted...
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Menestrales, Ordenamiento de (Spain [1351])
...Death in the middle of the 14th century, the population declined sharply, and there was serious social and economic unrest. In 1351 Peter I (the Cruel) tried to guarantee stability by enacting the Ordenamiento de Menestrales, which required workers to accept the same wages as before the plague. Owing to popular agitation, a great pogrom against the Jews erupted in 1391 and rapidly spread......
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Menestrallus, Adam Rex (French poet and musician)
poet and musician, interesting for the detailed documentary evidence of his career as a household minstrel....
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ménestrel (entertainer)
(Old French and Provençal: menestrel; from Latin ministerium, “service”), between the 12th and 17th centuries, a professional entertainer of any kind, including juggler, acrobat, and storyteller; more specifically, a secular musician, usually an instrumentalist. In some contexts, “minstrel” more particularly denoted...
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Menetes (rodent)
Tropical ground squirrels are active all year and do not store food. The five genera (Dremomys, Lariscus, Menetes, Rhinosciurus, and Hyosciurus) live in the forests of Southeast Asia but not in the Philippines. Although they sometimes utilize holes in the ground, these rodents usually nest in hollow tree trunks and......
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Menexenus (work by Plato)
...deals with the paradox that “wrongdoing is involuntary.” The Ion discredits the poets, who create not “by science” but by a nonrational inspiration. The Menexenus, which professes to repeat a funeral oration learned from Aspasia, Pericles’ mistress, is apparently meant as a satire on the patriotic distortion of history. The Char...
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Menezes, Fradique de (president of São Tomé and Príncipe)
Trovoada was reelected in 1996 but was barred from seeking a third term in the 2001 election. He was succeeded by businessman Fradique de Menezes of the Independent Democratic Action (ADI), the party with which Trovoada had been affiliated since 1994. Within months of de Menezes’s election, a power struggle erupted between the new president and the MLSTP-dominated National Assembly,......
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“Meng ch’i pi t’an” (work by Shen Kuo)
Chinese astronomer, mathematician, and high official whose famous work Mengxi bitan (“Brush Talks from Dream Brook” [Dream Brook was the name of his estate in Jingkou]) contains the first reference to the magnetic compass, the first description of movable type, and a fairly accurate explanation of the origin of fossils. The Mengxi......
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Meng K’o (Chinese philosopher)
early Chinese philosopher whose development of orthodox Confucianism earned him the title “second sage.” Chief among his basic tenets was an emphasis on the obligation of rulers to provide for the common people. The book Mencius records his doings and sayings and contains statements on the goodness of human nature, a topic warmly debated by Confucianists up ...
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Meng Soamwun (king of Arakan)
founder and first king (reigned 1404–34) of the Mrohaung dynasty in Arakan, the maritime country lying to the west of Lower Burma on the Bay of Bengal, which had been settled by the Burmese in the 10th century....
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Meng Tian (Chinese general)
famous general of the Qin dynasty who built the Great Wall of China....
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Meng T’ien (Chinese general)
famous general of the Qin dynasty who built the Great Wall of China....
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Meng-tze (county, China)
county, southern Yunnan sheng (province), China. The county seat is in Wenlan town....
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“Meng-tzu” (Chinese text)
...resulted. The records of the discourses became longer, the narrative portions more detailed; jokes, stories, anecdotes, and parables, interspersed in the conversations, were included. Thus, the Mencius, or Meng-tzu, the teachings of Mencius, not only is three times longer than the Analects of Confucius but also is topically and more coherently arranged. The same......
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Meng-tzu (Chinese philosopher)
early Chinese philosopher whose development of orthodox Confucianism earned him the title “second sage.” Chief among his basic tenets was an emphasis on the obligation of rulers to provide for the common people. The book Mencius records his doings and sayings and contains statements on the goodness of human nature, a topic warmly debated by Confucianists up ...
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Meng-zi (Chinese text)
...resulted. The records of the discourses became longer, the narrative portions more detailed; jokes, stories, anecdotes, and parables, interspersed in the conversations, were included. Thus, the Mencius, or Meng-tzu, the teachings of Mencius, not only is three times longer than the Analects of Confucius but also is topically and more coherently arranged. The same......
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Mengde (Chinese general)
one of the greatest of the generals at the end of the Han dynasty (206 bce–220 ce) of China....
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Mengelberg, Josef Willem (Dutch conductor)
symphonic conductor in the Romantic tradition who, during his tenure with the Amsterdam Concertgebouw Orchestra (1895–1945), developed it into one of the world’s finest orchestras....
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Mengelberg, Willem (Dutch conductor)
symphonic conductor in the Romantic tradition who, during his tenure with the Amsterdam Concertgebouw Orchestra (1895–1945), developed it into one of the world’s finest orchestras....
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Mengele, Josef (German physician)
Nazi doctor at Auschwitz extermination camp (1943–45) who selected prisoners for execution in the gas chambers and conducted medical experiments on inmates in pseudoscientific racial studies....
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Menger, Carl (Austrian economist)
Austrian economist who contributed to the development of the marginal utility theory and to the formulation of a subjective theory of value....
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Menges, Chris (British cinematographer)
Original Screenplay: Robert Benton for Places in the HeartAdapted Screenplay: Peter Shaffer for AmadeusCinematography: Chris Menges for The Killing FieldsArt Direction: Patrizia Von Brandenstein for AmadeusOriginal Score: Maurice Jarre for A Passage to IndiaBest Adaptation Score: Prince for......
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Mengestu Lemma (Ethiopian writer)
Ethiopian writer whose poetry and plays written in Amharic (the modern language of Ethiopia) examine the difficulty of reconciling traditional values and customs with modern Western ideas....
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Menghestu Lemma (Ethiopian writer)
Ethiopian writer whose poetry and plays written in Amharic (the modern language of Ethiopia) examine the difficulty of reconciling traditional values and customs with modern Western ideas....
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Menghistu Lemma (Ethiopian writer)
Ethiopian writer whose poetry and plays written in Amharic (the modern language of Ethiopia) examine the difficulty of reconciling traditional values and customs with modern Western ideas....
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Mengistu Haile Mariam (president of Ethiopia)
Ethiopian army officer and head of state (1974–91), who helped overthrow the centuries-old monarchy and attempted to mold Ethiopia into a communist state....
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Mengli Girai (Crimean khan)
In 1502 the Great Horde was extinguished and its lands annexed by the khan of the Crimea, Mengli Girai, who had already placed himself under Ottoman suzerainty in 1475. Kazan fell to the troops of Ivan IV the Terrible of Moscow in 1552, and Astrakhan was annexed two years later. The khanate of Sibir (western Siberia), after a stubborn resistance, submitted to Boris Godunov, the regent for......
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Mengli Giray (Crimean khan)
In 1502 the Great Horde was extinguished and its lands annexed by the khan of the Crimea, Mengli Girai, who had already placed himself under Ottoman suzerainty in 1475. Kazan fell to the troops of Ivan IV the Terrible of Moscow in 1552, and Astrakhan was annexed two years later. The khanate of Sibir (western Siberia), after a stubborn resistance, submitted to Boris Godunov, the regent for......
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menglongshi (Chinese poetry)
...official literature. Bei Dao (“North Island”) was one of several noms de plume under which he wrote covertly in the 1970s. He was one of the originators of menglongshi (“shadows poetry”), which uses metaphor and cryptic language to express beauty and yearnings for freedom, while avoiding direct discussions of contemporary......
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Mengrai (king of Lan Na)
Thai founder of the city of Chiang Mai and the kingdom of Lan Na (reigned 1296–1317) in the north region of present Thailand, which remained an independent state until its capture by the Burmese in the 16th century....
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Mengs, Anton Raffael (Bohemian painter)
painter who was perhaps the leading artist of early Neoclassicism....
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Mengs, Anton Raphael (Bohemian painter)
painter who was perhaps the leading artist of early Neoclassicism....
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Mengxi bitan (work by Shen Kuo)
Chinese astronomer, mathematician, and high official whose famous work Mengxi bitan (“Brush Talks from Dream Brook” [Dream Brook was the name of his estate in Jingkou]) contains the first reference to the magnetic compass, the first description of movable type, and a fairly accurate explanation of the origin of fossils. The Mengxi......
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Mengzi (Chinese philosopher)
early Chinese philosopher whose development of orthodox Confucianism earned him the title “second sage.” Chief among his basic tenets was an emphasis on the obligation of rulers to provide for the common people. The book Mencius records his doings and sayings and contains statements on the goodness of human nature, a topic warmly debated by Confucianists up ...
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Mengzi (county, China)
county, southern Yunnan sheng (province), China. The county seat is in Wenlan town....
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“Mengzi” (Chinese text)
...resulted. The records of the discourses became longer, the narrative portions more detailed; jokes, stories, anecdotes, and parables, interspersed in the conversations, were included. Thus, the Mencius, or Meng-tzu, the teachings of Mencius, not only is three times longer than the Analects of Confucius but also is topically and more coherently arranged. The same......
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menhaden (fish)
any of several species of valuable Atlantic coastal fishes in the genus Brevoortia of the herring family (Clupeidae), utilized for oil, fish meal, and fertilizer. Menhaden have a deep body, sharp-edged belly, large head, and tooth-edged scales. Adults are about 37.5 cm (about 15 inches) in length and 0.5 kg (1 pound) or less in weight. Dense schools of menhaden range from Canada to South Am...
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Menhart of Hradec (Bohemian religious leader)
...of Pirkštejn; a group of conservative Utraquists joined the Catholic lords, among whom Oldřich of Rožmberk held the primacy. The actual leader of the conservative bloc was Menhart of Hradec, nominally a Utraquist. No one was elected governor of Bohemia. Instead, in the counties into which Bohemia was subdivided, leagues were organized to promote cooperation of local......
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menhir (art)
megalithic monument erected singly or in formations. See megalith....
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Meni (king of Egypt)
first king of unified Egypt, who, according to ancient tradition, joined Upper and Lower Egypt in a single, centralized monarchy. Manetho, a 3rd-century-bce Egyptian historian, called him Menes; the 5th-century-bce Greek historian Herodotus referred to him as Min; and two native-king lists of th...
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Menia, Al- (Egypt)
city and capital of Al-Minyā muḥāfaẓah (governorate), in the Nile River valley of Upper Egypt. Al-Minyā is linked to Cairo (140 miles [225 km] north-northeast) by rail; it is a trading and administrative centre on the west bank of the Nile. Besides s...
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Ménière disease (ear disease)
recurrent and generally progressive group of symptoms that include loss of hearing, ringing in the ears, dizziness, and a sense of fullness or pressure in the ears. Ménière disease usually only affects one ear. The disease causes episodic attacks that seldom last longer than 24 hours and are accompanied by vertigo, nau...
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Menière, Prosper (French physician)
...of the inner ear that affects both the vestibular nerve, with resultant attacks of vertigo, and the auditory nerve, with impairment of hearing. It was first described in 1861 by a French physician, Prosper Ménière. It is now known that the symptoms are caused by an excess of endolymphatic fluid in the inner ear. The diagnosis is made from the recurring attacks of vertigo, often......
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Menil Collection (museum, Houston, Texas, United States)
Piano’s interest in technology and modern solutions to architectural problems was evident in all his designs, although he often took greater account of the structure’s context. His design for the De Menil Collection Museum (1982–86; with Richard Fitzgerald) in Houston, Texas, utilized ferroconcrete leaves in the roof, which served as both a heat source and a form of protection...
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Menilek I (legendary emperor of Ethiopia)
...setting of the 14th-century work Kebra Negast (“Glory of the Kings”), which relates the tradition of the transference of the Ark of the Covenant from Jerusalem to Aksum by King Menilek I, legendary son of Solomon and the Queen of Sheba (Makeda). According to tradition, the Church of St. Mary of Zion contains the Ark of the Covenant. Over the centuries, however, the church.....
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Menilek II (emperor of Ethiopia)
king of Shewa (or Shoa; 1865–89), and emperor of Ethiopia (1889–1913). One of Ethiopia’s greatest rulers, he expanded the empire almost to its present-day borders, repelled an Italian invasion in 1896, and carried out a wide-ranging program of modernization....
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Ménilmontant (section, Paris, France)
...is known as Belleville, a formerly independent village that stretches south into the 20th arrondissement. The 20th also is home to the Ménilmontant neighbourhood and Père-Lachaise Cemetery—the site of the Federalists’ Wall (Mur des Fédérés), against which the last of the fighters of the......
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