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Minamata disease (pathology)
Disease first identified in 1956 in Minamata, Japan. A fishing port, Minamata was also the home of Nippon Chisso Hiryo Co., a manufacturer of chemical fertilizer, carbide, and vinyl chloride. Methyl mercury discharged from the factory contaminated fish and shellfish, which in turn caused illness in the local inhabitants who ...
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Minami (district, Ōsaka, Japan)
...has a complex of high-rise office buildings and a large underground shopping centre. Minami (“The South”) has many theatres and restaurants. Ōsaka’s industrial areas are on the lower Yodo delta and in the eastern and northeastern parts of the city....
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Minami-Daitō Island (island, Pacific Ocean)
...group in the Pacific Ocean. The Daitō Islands lie about 217 miles (350 km) east of Okinawa. North Daitō (Kita-Daitō) and South Daitō (Minami-Daitō) islands are the largest of the group and lie close to one another, while the smaller Oki-Daitō Island lies about 93 miles (150 km) south of them. North....
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Minami-tori Island (island, Japan)
coral atoll rising to 204 feet (62 m), in the central Pacific Ocean, 700 miles (1,125 km) southeast of Japan. Prior to World War II it was administered as part of the Tokyo fu...
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Minami-tori-shima (island, Japan)
coral atoll rising to 204 feet (62 m), in the central Pacific Ocean, 700 miles (1,125 km) southeast of Japan. Prior to World War II it was administered as part of the Tokyo fu...
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Minamoto family (Japanese family)
...Fujiwara influence in the 11th century, and the Fujiwara family was eliminated as a power at the court in the 12th century. In the Hōgen Disturbance of 1156 the contender supported by the Minamoto, a warrior family allied with the Fujiwara, lost to the emperor Shirakawa, supported by the warrior family of the Taira. In the Heiji Disturbance of 1159, the Minamoto–Fujiwara forces,.....
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Minamoto Noriyori (Japanese warrior)
...political government in the east, yet one that was recognized by the central imperial court in Kyōto. In 1184 Yoritomo’s considerable armies, commanded by his two younger half-brothers Noriyori and Yoshitsune, the latter a brilliant commander of whom Yoritomo was jealous, were ranged against the Taira forces for what was hoped would be a climactic campaign, but decisive victory wa...
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Minamoto Shitagō (Japanese poet)
Japanese poet of the middle Heian period (794–1185)....
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Minamoto Tametomo (Japanese warrior)
...in which the Genji and Heike warriors fought for opposing court factions. The structure of the two works is roughly the same. Each celebrates the extraordinary prowess of a young Genji warrior, Minamoto Tametomo in the Hōgen monogatari and Minamoto Yoshihira in the Heiji monogatari; each hero fights to the finish in exemplary manner not so much to win, for from the......
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Minamoto Tameyoshi (Japanese warrior)
warrior whose defeat by his own son resulted in the temporary eclipse in Japanese affairs of the Minamoto clan and the ascendancy of the Taira clan....
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Minamoto Yorimasa (Japanese warrior)
In 1180 Minamoto Yorimasa, another member of the Minamoto clan, joined in a rebellion with an imperial prince, Mochihito-ō, who summoned the Minamoto clan to arms in various provinces. Yoritomo now used this princely mandate as a justification for his own uprising. Despite Mochihito-ō’s death, which occurred shortly before Yoritomo’s men were led into battle, he succeed...
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Minamoto Yorinobu (Japanese warrior)
warrior whose service to the powerful Fujiwara family, which dominated Japan between 857 and 1160, helped raise the Seiwa branch of the Minamoto clan (also known as the Seiwa Genji) to a position of preeminence....
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Minamoto Yoritomo (Japanese leader)
founder of the bakufu, or shogunate, a system whereby feudal lords ruled Japan for 700 years....
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Minamoto Yoriyoshi (Japanese warrior)
warrior who established the Minamoto clan in the strategic Honshu region of northern Japan....
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Minamoto Yoshihira (Japanese warrior)
...court factions. The structure of the two works is roughly the same. Each celebrates the extraordinary prowess of a young Genji warrior, Minamoto Tametomo in the Hōgen monogatari and Minamoto Yoshihira in the Heiji monogatari; each hero fights to the finish in exemplary manner not so much to win, for from the beginning each foresees the defeat of his own side, as for the......
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Minamoto Yoshiie (Japanese warrior)
warrior who shaped the Minamoto clan into an awesome fighting force that was feared and respected throughout Japan. Later generations of Minamotos worshipped Yoshiie as an almost divine ancestor....
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Minamoto Yoshinaka (Japanese warrior)
In 1183 Minamoto Yoshinaka, a cousin of Yoritomo, occupied the Hokuriku district and invaded Kyōto, the seat of the court. Go-Shirakawa, who always hoped to play off supporters, as well as enemies, against each other to regain some of the substance of imperial power, invited Yoritomo to put an end to Yoshinaka’s dangerously successful career; and Yoritomo accordingly crushed Yoshinak...
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Minamoto Yoshitomo (Japanese warrior)
Japanese warrior whose support of Taira Kiyomori, the leader of the Taira clan, in the Hōgen Disturbance (1156) was decisive in a Taira victory over the Minamoto clan, headed by Yoshitomo’s own father, Minamoto Tameyoshi. After Kiyomori...
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Minamoto Yoshitsune (Japanese warrior)
warrior who engineered many of the military victories that helped his half brother Yoritomo gain control of Japan. He is probably the most popular Japanese historical figure of the period, and his romantic exploits have captured the imagination of the Japanese people, who have perpetuated numerous legends, stories, and kabuki plays celebrating the adventures of Yoshitsune and his faithful follower...
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Mīnanāth (Indian religious leader)
first human guru, or spiritual teacher, of the Nātha cult, a popular Indian religious movement combining elements of Hinduism, Buddhism, and Haṭha Yoga, a form of yoga that stresses breath control and physical postures....
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Minangkabau (people)
largest ethnic group on the island of Sumatra, Indonesia, whose traditional homeland is the west central highlands. Their language, closely resembling Malay, belongs to the Austronesian (Malayo-Polynesian) language family. In the lat...
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Minangkabau Highlands (region, Indonesia)
region near the western coast of the island of Sumatra, Indonesia. It is part of the Barisan Mountains of Sumatera Barat provinsi (“province”). The highest among several volcanoes in the highlands is Mount Merapi (9,485 feet [2,89...
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Minangkabau language
Major Austronesian languages include Cebuano, Tagalog, Ilokano, Hiligaynon, Bikol, Waray, Kapampangan, and Pangasinan of the Philippines; Malay, Javanese, Sundanese, Madurese, Minangkabau, the Batak languages, Acehnese, Balinese, and Buginese of western Indonesia; and Malagasy of Madagascar. Each of these languages has more than one million speakers. Javanese alone accounts for about......
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minaret (architecture)
(Arabic: “beacon”), in Islāmic religious architecture, the tower from which the faithful are called to prayer five times each day by a muezzin, or crier. Such a tower is always connected with a mosque and has one or more balconies or open galleries. At the time of the Prophet Muḥammad, the call to prayer was made f...
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Minas (Uruguay)
city, southeastern Uruguay, on the Santa Lucia River. Founded in 1783, the city was named for the surrounding mines. In the second half of the 20th century Minas became increasingly attractive to tourists, since it is only 75 miles (120 km) northeast of Montevideo and offers hills and forests, both unusual...
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Minas, António Luís de Sousa, marquess of (Portuguese general)
...that soon poured into Lisbon from Brazil, the English merchants gained a commanding position in the trade of Portugal. The political treaties of 1703 proved less fruitful. The Portuguese general António Luís de Sousa, marquês das Minas, entered Madrid in 1706, but French and Spanish forces were victorious at Almansa in 1707, and in 1711 the French admiral René......
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Minas Basin (inlet, Nova Scotia, Canada)
eastern inlet of the Bay of Fundy, protruding into central Nova Scotia, Canada. Up to 25 mi (40 km) in width and more than 50 mi in length (including its eastern extension, Cobequid Bay), the basin has some of the highest tides in the world; fluctuations exceeding 50 ft (15 m) have been ...
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Minas de Riotinto (mines, Spain)
copper mines located on the Tinto River near the town of Nerva (formerly Riotinto), in Huelva provincia (province), in the comunidad autónoma (autonomous community) of Andalusia, southwestern Spain. The mines (the name of which means “stained river...
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Minas Gerais (state, Brazil)
large inland estado (state) of southeastern Brazil. It is the country’s storehouse of mineral riches, as indicated by its name, which in Portuguese means “General Mines.” The state is bounded to the north by the states of Goiás and Bahia; to the east by Bahia, Espírito Santo, and Rio de Janeiro; to the so...
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“Minase sangin hyakuin” (Japanese poem)
...subtly as successive poets took up one another’s thoughts. An outstanding example of the form is the melancholy Minase sangin hyakuin (1488; Minase Sangin Hyakuin: A Poem of One Hundred Links Composed by Three Poets at Minase), composed by Iio Sōgi, Shōhaku, and Sōchō. Later the initial verse (......
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Minase Sangin Hyakuin: A Poem of One Hundred Links Composed by Three Poets at Minase (Japanese poem)
...subtly as successive poets took up one another’s thoughts. An outstanding example of the form is the melancholy Minase sangin hyakuin (1488; Minase Sangin Hyakuin: A Poem of One Hundred Links Composed by Three Poets at Minase), composed by Iio Sōgi, Shōhaku, and Sōchō. Later the initial verse (......
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Minatitlán (Mexico)
city and river port, southeastern Veracruz estado (state), south central Mexico. It is on the Isthmus of Tehuantepec on the Río Coatzacoalcos, 20 mi (32 km) from its mouth on the Gulf of Mexico and 210 ft ...
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Minato Bridge (bridge, Japan)
In 1974 the Minato Bridge, linking the city of Ōsaka with neighbouring Amagasaki, became one of the world’s longest-spanning cantilever truss bridges, at 502 metres (1,673 feet). In 1989 two other impressive and innovative bridges were completed for the purpose of carrying major highways over the port facilities of Ōsaka Harbour. The Konohana suspension bridge carries a four-l...
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minato machi (Japanese town)
...defensive mountain fortresses to administrative strongholds in the plains, markets were opened outside the castle walls, and merchants and artisans gathered there to live. Harbour towns (minato machi) such as Sakai, Hyōgo, and Onomichi on the Inland Sea, Suruga and Obama on the Sea of Japan, and Kuwana and Ōmin...
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minbar (Islam)
in Islām, the pulpit from which the sermon (khuṭbah) is delivered. In its simplest form the minbar is a platform with three steps; often it is constructed as a domed box at the top of a staircase and is reached through a doorway that can be closed....
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Minbei (region, China)
At least two distinct provincial subcultures are still recognizable, reflecting linguistic and historical differences among Fujian’s regions. The Minbei, or northern section of Fujian focused on Fuzhou, was an early centre of Buddhism and, because of close contact with Japanese culture through the Ryukyu Islands, still shows some of tho...
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Minbei language (Chinese language)
...coastal region, stretching from Shanghai to Guangzhou (Canton). The most important of these is the Wu language, spoken in southern Jiangsu and in Zhejiang. This is followed, to the south, by the Fuzhou, or Northern Min, language of northern and central Fujian and by the Xiamen-Shantou (Amoy-Swatow), or Southern Min, language of southern......
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Minbu (Myanmar)
town, west-central Myanmar (Burma), on the Irrawaddy River opposite Magwe (Magway) town. The river there is about 3 miles (5 km) wide but contains many islands and sandbanks, and in the dry season steamers can come no nearer than 4 miles (6.5 km) south of the town....
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minced fish
The success of surimi-based products has stimulated the development of other products made from minced flesh. Minced fish products do not undergo the repeated washing cycles necessary for the production of surimi. Because of the presence of residual oils and sarcoplasmic enzymes (both oil and sarcoplasmic proteins are removed during the washing of surimi), cryoprotectants......
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Mincer, Jacob (American economist)
Polish-born American economist (b. July 15, 1922, Tomaszow, Pol.—d. Aug. 20, 2006, New York, N.Y.), was generally regarded as the father of modern labour economics and helped to define the field with his development and analysis of human capital, the manner in which individuals invest in their job skills to earn larger salaries in the future. Using data from the 1950 and 1960 censuses, Minc...
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Minch, The
Atlantic sea channel between the Outer Hebrides island group on the west and the mainland of Scotland on the east. The channel varies in width between 25 and 45 miles (40 and 70 km) and has both great depth and a rapid current. The Little Minch, its southerly extension, lies between the island groups of the Outer and ...
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mincha (Judaism)
(“offering”), in Judaism, the second of three periods of daily prayer. Minhah prayers are offered in the afternoon; to facilitate attendance at the synagogue, the afternoon service is often scheduled so that the evening prayers (maarib; Hebrew: maʿariv) can follow as soon as night has fallen. The morning period of daily prayer is known as sha...
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minchah (Judaism)
(“offering”), in Judaism, the second of three periods of daily prayer. Minhah prayers are offered in the afternoon; to facilitate attendance at the synagogue, the afternoon service is often scheduled so that the evening prayers (maarib; Hebrew: maʿariv) can follow as soon as night has fallen. The morning period of daily prayer is known as sha...
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Minchancaman (Chimú ruler)
Ñançen Pinco is believed to have conquered the coast from the Saña River, just south of Lambayeque, south to Santa. After him came six rulers before Minchançaman, who conquered the remainder of the coast from at least as far north as Piura and possibly to Tumbes, south almost to Lima. His triumph was short-lived since he himself was conquered by the Inca in the early......
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Minchō (Japanese painter)
the last major professional painter of Buddhist iconography in Japan....
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mincho (Japanese typeface)
...complexity, is not one that many designers are able to surmount in a lifetime. As a result, to all intents and purposes, Japanese typographers have had only two typefaces to choose from—mincho, roughly equivalent to the West’s roman, and Gothic, functionally a Japanese sans serif. In the 1960s a group of Japanese designers produced a third typeface called Typos....
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Mincio, Giovanni (antipope)
antipope from April 1058 to January 1059. His expulsion from the papal throne, on which he had been placed through the efforts of the powerful Tusculani family of Rome, was followed by a reform in the law governing papal elections. The new law, enacted in 1059, established an electoral body, which subsequently became the Sacred College of Cardinals, charged with sole responsibil...
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Mincius, Johannes (antipope)
antipope from April 1058 to January 1059. His expulsion from the papal throne, on which he had been placed through the efforts of the powerful Tusculani family of Rome, was followed by a reform in the law governing papal elections. The new law, enacted in 1059, established an electoral body, which subsequently became the Sacred College of Cardinals, charged with sole responsibil...
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Mincius, John (antipope)
antipope from April 1058 to January 1059. His expulsion from the papal throne, on which he had been placed through the efforts of the powerful Tusculani family of Rome, was followed by a reform in the law governing papal elections. The new law, enacted in 1059, established an electoral body, which subsequently became the Sacred College of Cardinals, charged with sole responsibil...
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mind
in the Western tradition, the complex of faculties involved in perceiving, remembering, considering, evaluating, and deciding. Mind is in some sense reflected in such occurrences as sensations, perceptions, emotions, memory, desires, various types of reasoning, motives, choices, traits of personality, and the unconscious....
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Mind: An Essay on Human Feeling (work by Langer)
...intuitive knowledge of life patterns—e.g., feeling, motion, and emotion—which ordinary language is unable to convey. In the three-volume work Mind: An Essay on Human Feeling (1967, 1972, and 1982), Langer attempted to trace the origin and development of the mind....
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Mind and Society (work by Pareto)
...that there were problems that economics could not solve, Pareto turned to sociology, writing what he considered his greatest work, Trattato di sociologia generale (1916; Mind and Society), in which he inquired into the nature and bases of individual and social action. Persons of superior ability, he argued, actively seek to confirm and aggrandize their social......
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Mind at the End of Its Tether (work by Wells)
...he wrote in the later 1930s. Wells was now ill and aging. With the outbreak of World War II, he lost all confidence in the future, and in Mind at the End of Its Tether (1945) he depicts a bleak vision of a world in which nature has rejected, and is destroying, humankind....
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mind control
systematic effort to persuade nonbelievers to accept a certain allegiance, command, or doctrine. A colloquial term, it is more generally applied to any technique designed to manipulate human thought or action against the desire, will, or knowledge of the individual. By controlling the physical and social environment, an attempt is made to destroy loyalties to any unfavourable groups or individuals...
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Mind in the Making, The (work by Robinson)
...Columbia and was prominent in the founding of the New School for Social Research in New York that same year. Perhaps his most popular book, The Mind in the Making (1921) proposed that educational institutions in general and historians in particular approach social problems with a more progressive and a livelier view toward a just......
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Mind is a Muscle, The (dance by Rainier)
Her best-known dance, “Trio A,” a section of a larger work called The Mind Is a Muscle, consisted of a simultaneous performance by three dancers that included a difficult series of circular and spiral movements. It was widely adapted and interpreted by other choreographers. She choreographed more than 40 concert works, most notably Terrain and This Is a Woman......
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Mind of a Mnemonist, The (work by Luria)
Scientific interest in mnemonics was heightened in 1968 when the renowned Soviet psychologist Aleksandr R. Luria wrote The Mind of a Mnemonist, which suggested that the field was worthy of deeper psychological study. Luria described a man with synesthesia who had a remarkable memory....
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Mind of Primitive Man, The (work by Boas)
In 1911 Boas published The Mind of Primitive Man, a series of lectures on culture and race. It was often referred to in the 1920s by those who were opposed to new U.S. immigration restrictions based on presumed racial differences. In the 1930s the Nazis in Germany burned the book and rescinded his Ph.D. degree, which Kiel University had in 1931 ceremonially reconfirmed. Boas updated and......
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Mind of the South, The (work by Cash)
American author, editor, and journalist, best known for his single book, The Mind of the South (1941), a classic analysis of white Southern temperament and culture....
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mind, philosophy of
Branch of philosophy that studies the nature of mind and its various manifestations, including intentionality, sensation and sense perception, feeling and emotion, traits of character and personality, the unconscious, volition, thought, memory, imagination, and belief....
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mind reading
a magician’s trick involving various silent or verbal signals that cue a conjurer to answer a question as though with second sight. Philip Breslaw, the first magician of note to feature mind reading, played in 1781 at the Haymarket Theatre in London to appreciative audiences. In 1784 the Pinettis, a husband-and-wife team, advertised Mrs. Pinetti as able to guess the thoughts of the audienc...
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Mind, School of (Chinese philosophy)
Zhu Xi, clearly following Cheng Yi’s School of Principle and implicitly rejecting Cheng Hao’s School of Mind, developed a method of interpreting and transmitting the Confucian Way that for centuries defined Confucianism not only for the Chinese but for the Koreans and the Japanese as well. If, as quite a few scholars have advocat...
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Mind That Found Itself, A (work by Beers)
...movement received its first impetus from the energetic leadership of a former mental patient in Connecticut, Clifford Whittingham Beers. First published in 1908, his account of what he endured, A Mind That Found Itself, continues to be reprinted in many languages, inspiring successive generations of students, mental-health workers, and laymen to promote improved conditions of......
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mind, theory of (philosophy)
In the theory of mind, the major debate concerned the question of which materialist theory of the human mind, if any, was the correct one. The main theories were identity theory (also called reductive materialism), functionalism, and eliminative materialism....
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mind-body dualism (philosophy)
in philosophy, any theory that mind and body are distinct kinds of substances or natures. This position implies that mind and body not only differ in meaning but refer to different kinds of entities. Thus, a dualist would oppose any theory that identifies mind with the brain, conceived as a physical mechanism....
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mind-stuff
...of science, which were related to those of Hermann von Helmholtz and Ernst Mach, both of Germany. In philosophy Clifford’s name is chiefly associated with two phrases he coined: “mind-stuff” (the simple elements of which consciousness is composed) and “the tribal self.” The latter gives the key to his ethical view, which explains conscienc...
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Mindanao (island, Philippines)
island, the second largest (after Luzon) in the Philippines, in the southern part of the archipelago, surrounded by the Bohol, Philippine, Celebes, and Sulu seas. Irregularly shaped, it measures 293 miles (471 km) north to south and 324 miles (521 km) east to west. The island is marked...
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Mindanao Deep (trench, Pacific Ocean)
submarine trench in the floor of the Philippine Sea of the western North Pacific Ocean bordering the east coast of the island of Mindanao. The abyss, which reaches the second greatest depth known in any ocean, was first plumbed in 1927 by the German ship Emden. The reading obtained at that time was the first indicatio...
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Mindanao gymnure (mammal)
...in tropical rainforest on only two islands. They are also terrestrial and eat insects and worms, but their ecology is otherwise unknown. The Mindanao gymnure (P. truei) resembles Asian gymnures. The body is 12 to 15 cm long, with long, dense, and soft fur that is chestnut brown. It lives at 1,600–2,400 metres in the......
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Mindanao River (river, Philippines)
main river of the Cotabato lowland, central Mindanao, Philippines. It rises in the central highlands of northeastern Mindanao (island) as the Pulangi and then flows south to where it joins the Kabacan to form the Mindanao. It meanders northwest through the Libungan Marsh and Liguasan Swamp, which is the habitat of crocodiles. At Datu Piang the river turns to enter Illana Bay of the Moro Gulf in tw...
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Mindanao Sea (sea, Pacific Ocean)
section of the western North Pacific Ocean. Measuring about 170 miles (270 km) east–west, it is bounded by the islands of the Philippines—Mindanao (south and east), Leyte, Bohol, and Cebu (north), and Negros (west). It opens north to the Visayan Sea through Bohol and Tañon straits and the Canigao Channel, east to the Philip...
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Mindanao Trench (trench, Pacific Ocean)
submarine trench in the floor of the Philippine Sea of the western North Pacific Ocean bordering the east coast of the island of Mindanao. The abyss, which reaches the second greatest depth known in any ocean, was first plumbed in 1927 by the German ship Emden. The reading obtained at that time was the first indicatio...
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Mindanao, University of (university, Davao City, Philippines)
submarine trench in the floor of the Philippine Sea of the western North Pacific Ocean bordering the east coast of the island of Mindanao. The abyss, which reaches the second greatest depth known in any ocean, was first plumbed in 1927 by the German ship Emden. The reading obtained at that time was the first indicatio...
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Mindaugas (ruler of Lithuania)
ruler of Lithuania, considered the founder of the Lithuanian state. He was also the first Lithuanian ruler to become a Christian....
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Mindel Glacial Stage (geology)
major division of Pleistocene time and deposits in Alpine Europe (the Pleistocene epoch began about 1,600,000 years ago and ended about 10,000 years ago). The Mindel Glacial Stage is part of the early geologic scheme (c. 1900) that first recognized the importance of multiple episodes of Pleistocene glaciation. The Mindel Glacial Stage, representing a period of relatively severe climatic co...
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Mindel-Riss Interglacial Stage (geology)
major division of Pleistocene time and deposits in Alpine Europe, part of the classical geologic scheme demonstrating the importance of glaciation during the Pleistocene Epoch (1,600,000 to 10,000 years ago). The Mindel-Riss Interglacial is also known as the Great Interglacial; it has been held by some authorities that the M...
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Mindelo (Cape Verde)
city and main port of Cape Verde, in the Atlantic Ocean. It lies on the northwest shore of São Vicente Island, about 560 miles (900 km) off the West African coast. The city’s deepwater harbour on Porto Grande Bay is an important refueling point for transatlantic freighters. Mindelo port has be...
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Minden (Nebraska, United States)
city, seat (1876) of Kearney county, south-central Nebraska, U.S., about 15 miles (25 km) southeast of the city of Kearney. Founded in 1876 and named for Minden, Ger., it was settled by German, Swedish, and Danish immigrants and became a service point for a farming area. Agriculture remains the economic base; corn (maize), wheat, sorghum, soybeans, and cattle are produced. Touri...
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Minden (Germany)
city, North Rhine–Westphalia Land (state), northwestern Germany. It lies along the Weser River, near a defile known as the Westfalica Gate where the river leaves the mountains and enters the North German Plain, west of Hannover....
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Minden, Battle of (Seven Years’ War)
...in 1755. The badly managed attack on Saint-Malo (1758) during the Seven Years’ War was his first defeat. From October 1758 he commanded a British contingent of the allied army in Germany. At Minden (Aug. 1, 1759), after the British and Hanoverian infantry had routed the cavalry forming the French centre, he disregarded repeated orders by the allied commander, Ferdinand, Duke of......
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Minding, Ferdinand (Estonian mathematician)
...straight—an ant crawling along a great circle does not turn or curve with respect to the surface. About 1830 the Estonian mathematician Ferdinand Minding defined a curve on a surface to be a geodesic if it is intrinsically straight—that is, if there is no identifiable curvature from within the surface. A major task of......
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Minding’s theorem (geometry)
...If two smooth surfaces are isometric, then the two surfaces have the same Gaussian curvature at corresponding points. (Athough defined extrinsically, Gaussian curvature is an intrinsic notion.)Minding’s theorem (1839). Two smooth (“cornerless”) surfaces with the same constant Gaussian curvature are locally isometric....
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MINDO (chemistry)
The implementation of this basic strategy can take a number of forms, and rival techniques have given rise to a large number of acronyms, such as AM1 (Austin Method 1) and MINDO (Modified Intermediate Neglect of Differential Overlap), which are two popular semiempirical procedures....
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Mindon (king of Myanmar)
king of Myanmar from 1853 to 1878. His reign was notable both for its reforms and as a period of cultural flowering in the period before the imposition of complete colonial rule....
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Mindoro (island, Philippines)
island, west-central Philippines. It lies across the Verde Island Passage from Luzon (northeast) and between the Mindoro (southwest) and Tablas (southeast) straits. Unlike the majority of its sister islands, Mindoro has no deep coastal embayments or fringing islets....
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Mindowe (ruler of Lithuania)
ruler of Lithuania, considered the founder of the Lithuanian state. He was also the first Lithuanian ruler to become a Christian....
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Mindszenty, József (Hungarian bishop)
Roman Catholic clergyman who personified uncompromising opposition to fascism and communism in Hungary for more than five decades of the 20th century....
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mine (mining)
Roman Catholic clergyman who personified uncompromising opposition to fascism and communism in Hungary for more than five decades of the 20th century.......
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mine (weapon)
in military and naval operations, a usually stationary explosive device that is designed to destroy personnel, ships, or vehicles when the latter come in contact with it. Submarine mines have been in use since the mid-19th century; land mines did not become a significant factor in warfare until a hundred years later....
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Mine Ban Treaty (international treaty, 1997)
...North Korea, and Pakistan) chose not to sign. In 1997, as a result of efforts led by the International Campaign to Ban Landmines (ICBL), a treaty prohibiting the use of antipersonnel mines was negotiated; it went into effect in 1999, and, by the early 21st century, nearly 150 countries had signed it, though China, Russia, and the United......
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Mine Boy (work by Abrahams)
most prolific of South Africa’s black prose writers, whose early novel Mine Boy (1946) was the first to depict the dehumanizing effect of racism upon South African blacks....
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mine cutoff grade
...considerable variation throughout a deposit. Moreover, there is a certain grade below which it is not profitable to mine a mineral even though it is still present in the ore. This is called the mine cutoff grade. And, if the material has already been mined, there is a certain grade below which it is not profitable to process it; this is the mill cutoff grade. The grade at which the costs......
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mine gas (mining)
any of various harmful vapours produced during mining operations. The gases are frequently called damps (German Dampf, “vapour”). Firedamp is a gas that occurs naturally in coal seams. The gas is nearly always methane (CH4) and is highly inflammable and explosive when present in the air in a ...
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Mine Hostess (work by Goldoni)
...Teatro Goldoni). There he increasingly left commedia dell’arte behind him. Important plays from this period are the Italian comedy of manners La locandiera (performed 1753; Eng. trans., Mine Hostess, 1928) and two fine plays in Venetian dialect, I rusteghi (performed 1760; “The Tyrants”) and Le baruffe chiozzote (performed 1762; “Quarrels ...
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Mine Own Executioner (work by Balchin)
...best-known novel, Balchin describes the conversation, behaviour, and intrigues for position and power of the “backroom boys” with whom he worked during the war. Almost as successful is Mine Own Executioner (1945), a study of a psychiatrist unable to cure his own neuroses and of the tensions created in his marriage by his lack of self-confidence. The problems of the......
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mine shaft (excavation)
horizontal underground passageway produced by excavation or occasionally by nature’s action in dissolving a soluble rock, such as limestone. A vertical opening is usually called a shaft. Tunnels have many uses: for mining ores, for transportation—including road vehicles, trains, subways, and canals—and for conducting water and sewage. Underground chambers, often associated wit...
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Minedra (Indo-Greek king)
the greatest of the Indo-Greek kings and the one best known to Western and Indian classical authors. He is believed to have been a patron of the Buddhist religion and the subject of an important Buddhist work, the Milinda-panha (“The Questions of Milinda”)....
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Minehead (England, United Kingdom)
town (“parish”), West Somerset district, administrative and historic county of Somerset, England. The town owes its origin and growth to its harbour. Minehead was first incorporated in 1558. Its older buildings include St. Michael’s Church (1450), the almshouses (1630), the old manor o...
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Minei-Cetii (work by Macarius)
...synods of 1547 and 1549 canonized more than 40 Russian saints to centralize the scattered local devotions and further the independent identity of Pan-Russian Christianity. He composed the first Minei-Cetii, the first major collection of the lives of Russian saints for daily meditation and worship, arranging them in 12 volumes, one for each month of the year. His Stepennaya Kniga.....
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Mineirão (stadium, Belo Horizonte, Brazil)
...spokes of a wheel. The nearby suburb of Pampulha is noted for its bold architecture, exemplified by Oscar Niemeyer’s Chapel of São Francisco, decorated by Cándido Portinari, and by the Mineirão stadium, one of the largest football (soccer) stadiums in the country. Notable sights in the city centre include the Municipal Park, the broad tree-lined Afonso Pena Avenue, a...
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