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Mauprat (novel by Sand)
...whose heroine, beautiful, powerful, and tormented, founds a community to educate a new generation of independent women. Sand’s novel Mauprat (1837; Eng. trans. Mauprat) is immensely readable, with its lyrical alliance of woman, peasant, and reformed aristocracy effecting a bloodless transformation of the world by love. From the later 1830s,......
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Maura, Antonio (prime minister of Spain)
statesman and five-time prime minister of Spain whose vision led him to undertake a series of democratic reforms to prevent revolution and foster a constitutional monarchy. His tolerance and lack of knowledge of human nature, however, tended to obscure his otherwise brilliant political career....
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Maura y Montaner, Antonio (prime minister of Spain)
statesman and five-time prime minister of Spain whose vision led him to undertake a series of democratic reforms to prevent revolution and foster a constitutional monarchy. His tolerance and lack of knowledge of human nature, however, tended to obscure his otherwise brilliant political career....
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Maurel, Victor (French opera singer)
French operatic baritone and outstanding singing actor, admired for his breath control and dramatic artistry....
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Maurepas, Jean-Frédéric Phélypeaux, comte de (French secretary of state)
secretary of state under King Louis XV and chief royal adviser during the first seven years of the reign of King Louis XVI. By dissuading Louis XVI from instituting economic and administrative reforms, Maurepas was partially responsible for the governmental crises that eventually led to the outbreak of the French Revolution....
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Maurer, Ion Gheorghe (Romanian politician)
Romanian politician (b. Sept. 23, 1902, Bucharest, Rom.—d. Feb. 8, 2000, Bucharest), as a member of the then-illegal Communist Party from 1936, was interned for antigovernment activities during World War II but, after the postwar replacement of the Romanian monarchy with a communist-led government, rose in influence, eventually serving as foreign minister (1957–58), titular head of s...
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Mauresmo, Amélie (French athlete)
French professional tennis player who won two grand slam titles—the Australian Open and Wimbledon—in 2006....
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Mauretania (region, North Africa)
region of ancient North Africa corresponding to present northern Morocco and western and central Algeria north of the Atlas Mountains....
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Mauretania (ship, 1906-1935)
transatlantic passenger liner of the Cunard Line, called the “Grand Old Lady of the Atlantic.” It was launched in 1906 and made its maiden voyage in 1907; thereafter, it held the Atlantic Blue Riband for speed until 1929, challenged only by its sister ship, the Lusitania (sunk by a German submarine on May 7, 1915). During World War I the Mauretania wo...
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Mauretania (ship, 1938-1965)
A second ocean liner with the name Mauretania was launched in 1938 by the Cunard White Star Line. It made its maiden voyage the following year and, like its predecessor, was noted for its luxury and service. With the outbreak of World War II, the Mauretania became a transport ship but resumed its passenger service in 1947. In the late 1950s the ship’s popular...
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Mauretania Caesariensis (Roman province, North Africa)
...as king but, for reasons unknown today, was executed by the Roman emperor Caligula in ad 40. A brief revolt followed but was easily suppressed, and the kingdom was divided into two provinces, Mauretania Caesariensis, with its capital at Caesarea, and Mauretania Tingitana, with its capital at Tingis (Tangier, Morocco)....
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Mauretania Tingitana (Roman province, North Africa)
...the Roman emperor Caligula in ad 40. A brief revolt followed but was easily suppressed, and the kingdom was divided into two provinces, Mauretania Caesariensis, with its capital at Caesarea, and Mauretania Tingitana, with its capital at Tingis (Tangier, Morocco)....
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Mauri (people)
...Villages average about 300 people except in the delta, which is sparsely settled. Throughout the Sénégal River region small groups of usually nomadic Fulani (Fulbe or Peul) and Mauri (Maure or Moors) are found....
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Mauriac, Claude (French author)
French novelist, journalist, and critic, a practitioner of the avant-garde school of nouveau roman (“new novel”) writers, who, in the 1950s and ’60s, spurned the traditional novel....
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Mauriac, François (French author)
novelist, essayist, poet, playwright, journalist, and winner in 1952 of the Nobel Prize for Literature. He belonged to the lineage of French Catholic writers who examined the ugly realities of modern life in the light of eternity. His major novels are sombre, austere psychological dramas set in an atmosphere of unrelieved tension. At the heart of every work Mauriac placed a religious soul grapplin...
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Maurice (novel by Forster)
...great-aunt, Marianne Thornton (1956); a documentary account of his Indian experiences, The Hill of Devi (1953); and Alexandria: A History and a Guide (1922; new ed., 1961). Maurice, a novel with a homosexual theme, was published posthumously in 1971 but written many years earlier....
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Maurice (stadholder of The Netherlands)
hereditary stadtholder (1585–1625) of the United Provinces of the Netherlands, or Dutch Republic, successor to his father, William I the Silent. His development of military strategy, tactics, and engineering made the Dutch army the most modern in the Europe of his time....
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Maurice (Byzantine emperor)
outstanding general and emperor (582–602) who helped transform the shattered late Roman Empire into a new and well-organized medieval Byzantine Empire....
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Maurice (elector of Saxony)
duke (1541–53) and later elector (1547–53) of Saxony, whose clever manipulation of alliances and disputes gained the Albertine branch of the Wettin dynasty extensive lands and the electoral dignity....
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Maurice Debate (British history)
...The division within the Liberal Party hardened during the controversy over a statement he made in April 1918 concerning the strength of troops in France. Although this controversy, the so-called Maurice Debate (which took place on May 9), strengthened Lloyd George temporarily, it also made clear his dependence upon the Conservatives. Soon afterward, in the summer of 1918, he began to plan......
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Maurice, Frederick Denison (British theologian)
major English theologian of 19th-century Anglicanism and prolific author, remembered chiefly as a founder of Christian Socialism....
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Maurice, Furnley (Australian poet)
Australian poet, best known for his book To God: From the Warring Nations (1917), a powerful indictment of the waste, cruelty, and stupidity of war. He was also the author of lyrics, satirical verses, and essays....
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Maurice Guest (work by Richardson)
The most impressive novelist of the period was Henry Handel Richardson (pseudonym of Ethel Florence Lindesay Robertson). Her Maurice Guest (1908), set in Leipzig, Germany, is an antiromantic novel about ordinariness caught up with genius, provincialism among the exotic, the tragedy of an insufficiently great passion. Her three-volume masterpiece, The Fortunes of Richard......
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Maurice, Joan Violet (British economist)
British economist and academic who contributed to the development and furtherance of Keynesian economic theory....
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Maurice, John Frederick Denison (British theologian)
major English theologian of 19th-century Anglicanism and prolific author, remembered chiefly as a founder of Christian Socialism....
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Maurice, Prince of Orange, Count of Nassau (stadholder of The Netherlands)
hereditary stadtholder (1585–1625) of the United Provinces of the Netherlands, or Dutch Republic, successor to his father, William I the Silent. His development of military strategy, tactics, and engineering made the Dutch army the most modern in the Europe of his time....
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Maurice River Bridge (New Jersey, United States)
city, Cumberland county, southwestern New Jersey, U.S. It lies at the head of navigation on the Maurice River, 45 miles (72 km) south of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Union Lake, formed by a dam (1806), is to the northwest. The earliest settlers were woodcutters who built cabins along the riverbank in the late 1700s. Once a part of Maurice River and Fairfield to...
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Maurice, Saint (Christian saint)
Christian soldier whose alleged martyrdom, with his comrades, inspired a cult still practiced today. Among those martyred with him were SS. Vitalis, Candidus, and Exuperius. He is the patron saint of the Vatican’s Swiss Guard....
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Maurienne (valley, France)
high Alpine valley, about 80 miles (130 km) long, in southeastern France. Drained by the Arc River, a tributary of the Isère, it consists of a succession of large basins and narrow, wild gorges that are cut through outcrops of heavily folded and overthrust rocks. Twenty-four hydroelectric stations in the valley generate power for electrochemical plants, aluminum refining, and electric, ste...
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Maurier, Dame Daphne du (British writer)
English novelist and playwright, daughter of actor-manager Sir Gerald du Maurier, best known for her novel Rebecca (1938)....
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Maurier, George du (British author and caricaturist)
British caricaturist whose illustrations for Punch were acute commentaries on the Victorian scene. He also wrote three successful novels....
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Maurier, Sir Gerald du (British actor)
actor-manager, the chief British exponent of a delicately realistic style of acting that sought to suggest rather than to state the deeper emotions....
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Maurists (religion)
member of a congregation of French Benedictine monks founded in 1618 and devoted to strict observance of the Benedictine Rule and especially to historical and ecclesiastical scholarship. Dom Gregory Tarrisse (1575–1648), the first president, desired to make scholarship the congregation’s distinguishing feature; he organized schools of training and set up their hea...
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Mauritania
state in northwestern Africa. It has the shape of an indented rectangle measuring about 930 miles (1,500 kilometres) from north to south and about 680 miles from east to west. It is bordered to the northwest by the Western Sahara (formerly Spanish Sahara), to the northeast by Algeria, to the east and southeast by Mali, and to the southwest by Senegal. Its Atlantic Ocean coastl...
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Mauritania, flag of
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Mauritania, history of
Numerous Stone Age remains have been discovered in northern Mauritania, dating from the Lower Paleolithic (Acheulian) and Neolithic periods. In historical times Mauritania was settled by both sub-Saharan peoples and by the Sanhaja Imazighen (Berbers). The region was the cradle of the Amazigh (Berber) Almoravid movement, which spread an austere form of Islam to all the neighbouring peoples in......
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Mauritanian People’s Party (political party, Mauritania)
...centre and north. At first he tried to balance regional notables and impatient young modernizers in a basically parliamentary regime, but in 1964 he shifted to an authoritarian one-party system (Mauritanian People’s Party, of which he was secretary-general). In July 1978 dissatisfaction with the costly attempt by Mauritania to annex part of former Spanish Sahara resulted in his ouster by...
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Mauritanian Regrouping Party (political party, Mauritania)
...of the Executive Council and the natural choice for prime minister in 1959 and president in 1961 after Mauritania attained independence. Meanwhile, in 1958 he had established a new unity party, the Mauritanian Regrouping Party, which in 1960 incorporated the chief remaining opposition party....
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Mauritanide Mountains (mountains, Africa)
...and Egypt. During the middle and later parts of the Carboniferous, the Hercynian mountain-building episodes occurred as a result of collision between the North American and African plates. The Mauritanide mountain chain was compressed and folded at this time along the western margin of the West African craton from Morocco to Senegal. Elsewhere, major uplift or subsidence occurred,......
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Mauritanie
state in northwestern Africa. It has the shape of an indented rectangle measuring about 930 miles (1,500 kilometres) from north to south and about 680 miles from east to west. It is bordered to the northwest by the Western Sahara (formerly Spanish Sahara), to the northeast by Algeria, to the east and southeast by Mali, and to the southwest by Senegal. Its Atlantic Ocean coastl...
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Mauritia (plant genus)
...sapucaia trees (Lecythis), and sucupira trees (Bowdichia). Below the canopy are two or three levels of shade-tolerant trees, including certain species of palms—of the genera Mauritia, Orbignya, and Euterpe. Myrtles, laurels, bignonias, figs, Spanish cedars, mahogany, and rosewoods are also common. They support a myriad of epiphytes (plants living on......
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Mauritia flexuosa (plant)
...land use systems where they are mixed with other species, sometimes also with animal components. A further advantage is that some useful palms grow on land not suitable for other crops, such as Mauritia flexuosa in waterlogged soils, the black palm in seasonally inundated areas, and Euterpe chaunostachys in swamps. Many palms, such as the sugar palm, the palmyra palm, and the......
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Mauritian Creole (language)
French-based vernacular language spoken in Mauritius, a small island in the southwestern Indian Ocean, about 500 miles (800 km) east of Madagascar. The language developed in the 18th century from contact between French colonizers and the people they enslaved, whose primary languages included Malagasy, Wolof, and a number of East African ...
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Mauritius (island, Indian Ocean)
French-based vernacular language spoken in Mauritius, a small island in the southwestern Indian Ocean, about 500 miles (800 km) east of Madagascar. The language developed in the 18th century from contact between French colonizers and the people they enslaved, whose primary languages included Malagasy, Wolof, and a number of East African ......
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Mauritius
island country, the central independent island state of the Mascarene group, lying about 500 miles (800 km) east of Madagascar in the Indian Ocean. It is situated at latitude 20°18′ S and longitude 57°36′ E and extends 38 miles (61 km) from north to south and 29 miles (47 km) from east to west. Its outlying territories are Rodrigues Island, lying 344 miles (553 km) east...
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Mauritius, flag of
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Mauritius hemp (plant)
plant of the family agave (Agavaceae), and its fibre, belonging to the leaf fibre group. Despite its name, it is not a true hemp....
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Maurits, Prins van Oranje, Graaf van Nassau (stadholder of The Netherlands)
hereditary stadtholder (1585–1625) of the United Provinces of the Netherlands, or Dutch Republic, successor to his father, William I the Silent. His development of military strategy, tactics, and engineering made the Dutch army the most modern in the Europe of his time....
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Mauritshuis (gallery, The Hague, The Netherlands)
picture gallery in The Hague housed in a palace (1633–44) designed by Jacob van Campen and built by Pieter Post for Prince John Maurice of Nassau. The collection, opened to the public in 1820, is especially noted for its Flemish and Dutch paintings from the 15th to the 17th century....
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Mauritsstad (Brazil)
capital of Pernambuco estado (state), northeastern Brazil, and centre of an area that includes several industrial towns. It is an Atlantic seaport located at the confluence of the Capibaribe and Beberibe rivers. Recife has been called the Venice of Brazil because the city is crossed by waterways and its component parts are linked by num...
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Mauritzstad (Brazil)
capital of Pernambuco estado (state), northeastern Brazil, and centre of an area that includes several industrial towns. It is an Atlantic seaport located at the confluence of the Capibaribe and Beberibe rivers. Recife has been called the Venice of Brazil because the city is crossed by waterways and its component parts are linked by num...
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Maurizius Case, The (work by Wassermann)
Perhaps Wassermann’s most enduring work is Der Fall Maurizius (1928; The Maurizius Case), which treats the theme of justice with the carefully plotted suspense of a detective story. It introduced the character Etzel Andergast, whose questioning of the judgment of his cold-hearted jurist father and whose own detective work eventually prove the innocence of a man his father had....
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Mauro (Brazilian athlete)
Brazilian association football (soccer) player (b. Aug. 30, 1930, Pocos de Caldas, Braz.—d. Sept. 18, 2002, Pocos de Caldas), was a centre-half for Brazil in 23 international matches between 1949 and 1965; his career peaked in 1962 when he applied his defensive skills and cunning tactics as captain of the World Cup champion team. From 1948 to 1960 Mauro played professionally for the S...
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Maurois, André (French author)
French biographer, novelist, and essayist, best known for biographies that maintain the narrative interest of novels....
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Mauropous, John (Byzantine scholar)
Byzantine scholar and ecclesiastic, author of sermons, poems and epigrams, letters, a saint’s life, and a large collection of canons, or church hymns (many unpublished)....
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Mauroy, Pierre (prime minister of France)
Mitterrand moved at once to carry out what appeared to be the voters’ mandate. He named as prime minister a longtime Socialist militant, Pierre Mauroy, whose cabinet was almost solidly Socialist except for four Communists. Major reforms followed quickly. A broad sector of the economy was nationalized (including 11 large industrial conglomerates and most private banks); a considerable degree...
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Maurras, Charles-Marie-Photius (French writer and political theorist)
French writer and political theorist, a major intellectual influence in early 20th-century Europe whose “integral nationalism” anticipated some of the ideas of fascism....
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Maurua (island, French Polynesia)
...and Huahine Iti (“Little Huahine”), dominated respectively by Mount Turi (2,195 feet [852 metres]) and Mount Moufene (1,516 feet [462 metres]). The other inhabited islands are Maupiti (Maurua), known for its black basaltic rock deposits, and Bora-Bora. Three of the westernmost coral atolls (uninhabited) are planted in coconuts used for copra....
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Maurus, Sylvester (Italian scholar)
...framework. Remarkable work was produced by Scholastics in the fields of commentaries and of detailed interpretation; Pedro de Fonseca, the “Portuguese Aristotle,” in the 16th century and Sylvester Maurus, author of short but pithy commentaries on all of Aristotle’s works, in Rome in the 17th are noteworthy examples. Insofar as the different Scholasticisms were living and in...
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Maury, Alfred (French physician)
...“On Divination”), the view that dreams have supernatural attributes was not again challenged on a serious level until the 1850s, with the classic work of the French scientist Alfred Maury, who studied thousands of reported recollections of dreams. Maury concluded that dreams arose from external stimuli, instantaneously accompanying such impressions as they acted upon the......
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Maury, Matthew Fontaine (American hydrographer)
U.S. naval officer, pioneer hydrographer, and one of the founders of oceanography....
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Maurya (emperor of India)
(reigned c. 321–c. 297 bc), founder of the Maurya dynasty and the first emperor to unify most of India under one administration. Credited with saving the country from maladministration and freeing it from foreign domination, he fasted to death in sorrow for his famine-stricken people....
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Mauryan Empire (ancient state, India)
(c. 321–185 bc), in ancient India, a state centred at Pataliputra (later Patna) near the junction of the Son and Ganges rivers. In the wake of Alexander the Great’s death, Chandra Gupta, its dynastic founder, carved out the majority of an empire that encompassed most of the subcontinent except for the Tamil south. The Mauryan empire was an effi...
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Mauryan Royal Road (road, Asia)
...stretched from the Indus River to the Brahmaputra River and from the Himalayas to the Vindhya Range, generally recognized that the unity of a great empire depended on the quality of its roads. The Great Royal Road of the Mauryans began at the Himalayan border, ran through Taxila (near modern Rāwalpindi, Pakistan), crossed the five streams of the Punjab, proceeded by way of Jumna to......
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Maus (work by Spiegelman)
...American Splendor (1986) series, set in the 1970s, illustrates the quotidian working-class life in Cleveland, Ohio. One of the most celebrated graphic novels is Art Spiegelman’s Maus, a long tale of the Holocaust told (first in the pioneering Raw magazine anthology) in an austere style and complex narrative layers, featuring the Nazis...
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Mauser, Peter Paul (German arms designer)
any of a family of bolt-action rifles designed by Peter Paul Mauser (1838–1914), a German who had worked in an arms plant before entering the German army in 1859. Mauser’s first successful design was a single-shot, 11-millimetre, bolt-action rifle that became the forerunner of many important designs. In 1880 Mauser applied a tubular magazine to his rifle, and the result was selected...
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Mauser rifle
any of a family of bolt-action rifles designed by Peter Paul Mauser (1838–1914), a German who had worked in an arms plant before entering the German army in 1859. Mauser’s first successful design was a single-shot, 11-millimetre, bolt-action rifle that became the forerunner of many important designs. In 1880 Mauser applied a tubular magazine to his rifle, and the ...
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Mausoleum (structure, Machu Picchu, Peru)
Few of Machu Picchu’s white granite structures have stonework as highly refined as that found in Cuzco, but several are worthy of note. In the southern part of the ruin is the Sacred Rock, also known as the Temple of the Sun (it was called the Mausoleum by Bingham). It centres on an inclined rock mass with a small grotto; walls of cut stone fill in some of its irregular features. Rising abo...
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mausoleum (sepulchral monument)
large and impressive sepulchral monument. The word is derived from Mausolus, ruler of Caria, in whose memory his widow Artemisia raised a splendid tomb at Halicarnassus (c. 353– c. 350 bc), which is one of the Seven Wonders of the World. Some remains of this monument are now in the British Museum. Probably the most ambitious...
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Mausolus (Persian satrap)
Persian satrap (governor), though virtually an independent ruler, of Caria, in southwestern Anatolia, from 377/376 to 353. He is best known from the name of his monumental tomb, the so-called Mausoleum—considered one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World—a word now used to designate any large and imposing burial structure....
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Mauss, Marcel (French sociologist and anthropologist)
French sociologist and anthropologist whose contributions include a highly original comparative study of the relation between forms of exchange and social structure. His views on the theory and method of ethnology are thought to have influenced many eminent social scientists, including Claude Lévi-Strauss, A.R. Radcliffe-Brown, E.E. Evans-Pritchard, and Melville J. Herskovits....
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Mauthausen (concentration camp, Austria)
one of the most notorious Nazi concentration camps, located near the village of Mauthausen, on the Danube River, 12 miles (20 km) east of Linz, Austria. It was established in April 1938, shortly after Austria was annexed to Nazi Germany. Starting as a satellite of Dachau, in Germany, it became an independent camp in the spring of 1939, opera...
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Mauthner cell (anatomy)
...the cranial nerves. The hindbrain exerts partial control over the spinal motor neurons through the reticular formation. Fish and tailed amphibians, in addition, have a pair of giant cells called the cells of Mauthner, which exert some control over the local spinal-cord reflexes responsible for the rhythmic swimming undulations and the flip-tail escape response characteristic of these animals....
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Mauthner, cell of (anatomy)
...the cranial nerves. The hindbrain exerts partial control over the spinal motor neurons through the reticular formation. Fish and tailed amphibians, in addition, have a pair of giant cells called the cells of Mauthner, which exert some control over the local spinal-cord reflexes responsible for the rhythmic swimming undulations and the flip-tail escape response characteristic of these animals....
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Mauthner, Fritz (German theatre critic and philosopher)
German author, theatre critic, and exponent of philosophical Skepticism derived from a critique of human knowledge....
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mauve (chemical compound)
naturally occurring dye highly valued in antiquity. It is closely related to indigo....
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Mauve, Anton (Dutch painter)
Dutch Romantic painter who, like his friends Jozef Israëls and the three Maris brothers, was profoundly influenced by the French landscape painter Camille Corot and the Barbizon school....
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Mauvoisin Dam (dam, Switzerland)
...of tunnels and subterranean powerhouses have been constructed in suitable valleys. Two of the highest dams in Europe have been erected high in the tributary valleys of the Rhône in Valais: Mauvoisin is 777 feet (237 metres) high, and Grande Dixence, at 935 feet (285 metres), has by far the largest-capacity reservoir in the country. Valais is the most important producer of......
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Mavaca River (river, South America)
...the river flows west-northwest, leaving the mountains to meander through the level plains of the Llanos. The volume of the river increases as it receives numerous mountain tributaries, including the Mavaca River on the left bank and the Manaviche, Ocamo, Padamo, and Cunucunuma rivers on the right....
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Maverick (missile)
Replacing the Bullpup as an optically tracked missile was the AGM-64/65 Maverick family of rocket-powered missiles. Early versions used television tracking, while later versions employed infrared, permitting the fixing of targets at longer ranges and at night. The self-contained guidance system incorporated computer logic that enabled the missile to lock onto an image of the target once the......
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Maviyane-Davies, Chaz (Zimbabwean graphic designer)
...in Africa after World War II, but by the end of the 20th century, a number of designers there received international acclaim for their individual creations. In Zimbabwe, filmmaker and designer Chaz Maviyane-Davies created films and graphic designs in the late 1980s and the 1990s. His posters, advertising designs, and magazine covers captured the spirit and life of his nation and often......
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Mavor, Elizabeth (British author)
British author whose novels and nonfiction works concern relationships between women....
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Mavor, Elizabeth Osborne (British author)
British author whose novels and nonfiction works concern relationships between women....
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Mavor, Osborne Henry (Scottish playwright)
Scottish playwright whose popular, witty comedies were significant to the revival of the Scottish drama during the 1930s. ...
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Mavrocordat, Constantin (Greek prince)
...expanded, despite opposition from native boyars (nobles) and churchmen. Yet many of the Phanariot princes were capable and farsighted rulers: as prince of Walachia in 1746 and of Moldavia in 1749, Constantin Mavrocordat abolished serfdom, and Alexandru Ipsilanti of Walachia (reigned 1774–82) initiated extensive administrative and legal reforms. Alexandru’s enlightened reign, moreo...
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Mavrokordatos, Alexander (Ottoman official)
...compelled the sultan’s ministers to use interpreters, who rapidly acquired a very considerable political influence. The first chief dragoman of the Ottoman government was Panayotis Nikousia. Alexander Mavrokordatos, who succeeded Nikousia, negotiated the Treaty of Carlowitz (1699) for the Ottoman Empire and became very prominent in the development of Ottoman policy....
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Mavrokordátos, Aléxandros (Greek statesman)
statesman, one of the founders and first political leaders of independent Greece....
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Mavronéri (stream, Greece)
...of Emulation, Victory, Power, and Might. Perhaps because of its similarity to Hesiod’s description in Theogony, the Styx later was identified with the stream now called Mavronéri (Greek: “Black Water”) near Nonacris in the Aroania Mountains (near modern Sólos) in Arcadia. The ancients believed that the river’s water was pois...
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Mavura (African emperor)
African emperor who was installed as the ruler of the great Mwene Matapa empire by the Portuguese. His conversion to Christianity enabled the Portuguese to extend their commercial influence into the African interior from their trading base in Mozambique on the East African coast....
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Mawaggali, Saint Noe (Ugandan saint)
...destroying Protestant and Roman Catholic missionaries alike. Subsequent victims included Saints Matthias Mulumba, assistant judge to a provincial chief; Andrew Kaggwa, chief of Kigowa; and Noe Mawaggali, a Roman Catholic leader. The page St. Jean Marie Muzeyi was beheaded on January 27, 1887....
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mawālī (Islam)
Abū Ḥanīfah was born in Kūfah, an intellectual centre of Iraq, and belonged to the mawālī, the non-Arab Muslims, who pioneered intellectual activity in Islāmic lands. The son of a merchant, young Abū Ḥanīfah took up the silk trade for a living and eventually became moderately wealthy. In early youth he was attracted to......
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Mawangdui (archaeological site, China)
archaeological site uncovered in 1963 near Changsha, Hunan province, southeastern China. It is the burial place of a high-ranking official, the marquess of Dai, who lived in the 2nd century bc, and of his immediate family. He was one of many petty nobles who governed small semiautonomous domains under the Han...
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Māwardī, al- (Muslim jurist)
Muslim jurist who played an important role in formulating orthodox political theory as to the nature of the authority of the caliph....
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Mawdūdī, Abuʾl-ʿAlāʾ (Indian scholar and statesman)
...was muted by a qualified acceptance of Islām as one, but not the only, important source of loyalty. At the same time there were Muslims who opposed nationalism altogether. In India, Mawlanā Abuʿl-ʾČīāʾ Mawdūdī, who was the founder of the Jamāʿat-i Islāmī, opposed both secular and religious national...
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Mawdūdī, Mawlanā Abuʾl-ʿAlāʾ (Indian scholar and statesman)
...was muted by a qualified acceptance of Islām as one, but not the only, important source of loyalty. At the same time there were Muslims who opposed nationalism altogether. In India, Mawlanā Abuʿl-ʾČīāʾ Mawdūdī, who was the founder of the Jamāʿat-i Islāmī, opposed both secular and religious national...
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Mawensi (volcano, Tanzania)
...mountain in Africa, rising to 19,340 feet (5,895 metres) at Uhuru peak on the Kibo cone. The generally smooth outlines of the cratered dome of Kibo are in marked contrast to the jagged form of Mawensi, or Mawenzi (17,564 feet); the two summits are connected by a saddle that lies at about 14,500 feet. Mount Meru, about 40 miles southwest of Kilimanjaro, attains an altitude of 14,978 feet....
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Mawenzi (volcano, Tanzania)
...mountain in Africa, rising to 19,340 feet (5,895 metres) at Uhuru peak on the Kibo cone. The generally smooth outlines of the cratered dome of Kibo are in marked contrast to the jagged form of Mawensi, or Mawenzi (17,564 feet); the two summits are connected by a saddle that lies at about 14,500 feet. Mount Meru, about 40 miles southwest of Kilimanjaro, attains an altitude of 14,978 feet....
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mawgoon
...poem, characterized by a metaphysical flavour comparable in many ways to that which informs the work of the early 17th-century English poets George Herbert and Robert Herrick; (3) mawgoon (historical verse), half ode, half epic, written in praise of a king or prince and developing out of military marching songs; (4) ayegyin (lullaby), an......
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mawlā (Muslim title)
a Muslim title generally denoting “lord”; it is used in various parts of the Islāmic world as an honorific attached to the name of a king, sultan, or other noble (as in Morocco and other parts of North Africa) or of a scholar or religious leader (as in parts of the Middle East and the Indian subcontinent). The term appears in the Qurʾān in reference to All...
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Mawlamyine (Myanmar)
town, southeastern Myanmar (Burma). It is an important port on the Gulf of Martaban near the mouth of the Salween River. Moulmein was the chief town of British Burma from the Treaty of Yandabo (1826) until the annexation of Pegu in 1852. Sheltered by Bilugyun Island, it is approached from the south and lies opposite Martaban at the confluence of the Gyaing and Ataran rivers. The low hills that fl...
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