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Rettifilo (street, Naples, Italy)
...or risanamento, that, following a calamitous epidemic of cholera in 1884, drove the straight, ugly Corso Umberto I (also called the Rettifilo) through that historic quarter. The stolid Rettifilo conceals, in small recesses, many historic buildings—beginning with the church of San......
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Rettig Guissen, Raúl (Chilean statesman and lawyer)
Chilean lawyer and statesman (b. May 26, 1909, Temuco, Chile—d. April 30, 2000, Santiago, Chile), headed the Truth and Reconciliation Commission responsible for investigating human rights abuses in Chile during the 1974–90 regime of Gen. Augusto Pinochet Ugarte. Rettig had served as a senator and ambassador before being appointed to lead the commission in 1990. The nine-member panel ...
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retting (fibre-separation process)
process employing the action of bacteria and moisture on plants to dissolve or rot away much of the cellular tissues and gummy substances surrounding bast-fibre bundles, thus facilitating separation of the fibre from the stem. Basic methods include dew retting and water retting....
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Retton, Mary Lou (American gymnast)
gymnast who was the first American woman to win an individual Olympic gold medal in gymnastics. At the 1984 Summer Olympic Games in Los Angeles, Retton achieved perfect scores in her final two events to win a dramatic victory in the all-around exercises....
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return (lightning)
...polarity rises and meets it at a point typically about 30 metres (100 feet) above the ground. When the junction is complete, the cloud is effectively connected to the ground, and a very bright return stroke propagates back to the cloud at a speed about one-third the speed of light, following the leader channel. A typical lightning......
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return (air circulation)
...through the use of fans. Fresh air is conducted through a set of mine entries (called intakes) to all places where miners may be working. After passing through the workings, this air (now termed return air) is conducted back to the surface through another set of entries (called returns). The intake and return airstreams are kept separate. Miners generally work in the intake airstream,......
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return crease (sports)
...of whitewash demarcate the creases at each wicket: the bowling crease is a line drawn through the base of the stumps and extending 4.33 feet (1.32 metres) on either side of the centre stump; the return crease is a line at each end of and at right angles to the bowling crease, extending behind the wicket; and the popping crease is a line parallel with the bowling crease and 4 feet in front of......
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Return from the Freudian Isles, The (work by Hope)
...and Melbourne University, until his retirement in 1972. Though traditional in form, his poetry is thoroughly modern, two outstanding examples being “Conquistador” (1947) and “The Return from the Freudian Isles” (1944). Both poems are typical in their satirical approach and striking clarity of diction. Hope also wrote religious and metaphysical poems, as well as......
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Return from the U.S.S.R. (work by Gide)
...set out on a visit to the Soviet Union, but later expressed his disillusionment with the Soviet system in Retour de l’U.R.S.S. (1936; Return from the U.S.S.R.) and Retouches à mon retour de l’U.R.S.S. (1937; Afterthoughts on the U.S.S.R.)....
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Return, Law of (Israel [1949])
...survivors and a large influx of Sephardic Jews from Arab states, who felt increasingly insecure in their home countries following the Arab defeat in 1948. As a result, the Knesset passed the Law of Return in 1950, granting Jews immediate citizenship. This law, however, proved to be controversial in later years when the question of “who is a Jew?” raised other issues in the......
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Return of Normalcy, The (speech by Harding)
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Return of Quetzalcoatl, The (mural by Orozco)
...College in Hanover, New Hampshire. Orozco created two series of murals there that correlated to two main scenes, The Coming of Quetzalcoatl and The Return of Quetzalcoatl. This dichotomy contrasted the stages of human progression from a primeval, non-Christian paradise to a Christian, capitalist hell. Byzantine mosaics also clearly......
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Return of the Dove to the Ark, The (work by Millais)
Millais’s period of greatest artistic achievement came in the 1850s. The Return of the Dove to the Ark (1851) was admired by both the English essayist and critic John Ruskin and the French author Théophile Gautier; and The Order of Release (1853), which included a portrait o...
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Return of the Jedi (film)
...film became one of the highest-grossing motion pictures of all time. Ford’s fame was cemented with the Star Wars sequels The Empire Strikes Back (1980) and Return of the Jedi (1983) and with the Indiana Jones series, in which he starred as an adventurer-archaeologist. Raiders of the Lost Ark (1981) and its sequels...
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Return of the King, The (work by Tolkien)
...for children, nor is it a trilogy, though it is often published in three parts: The Fellowship of the Ring, The Two Towers, and The Return of the King. It was divided originally because of its bulk and to reduce the risk to its publisher should it fail to sell. In fact it proved immensely popular. On its publication in.....
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Return of the Native, The (work by Hardy)
...mixed. The Hand of Ethelberta (1876), an artificial social comedy turning on versions and inversions of the British class system, was poorly received and has never been widely popular. The Return of the Native (1878), on the other hand, was increasingly admired for its powerfully evoked setting of Egdon Heath, which was based on the sombre countryside Hardy had known as a......
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Return of the Prodigal Son (work by Lipchitz)
...with the ecstatic “Joy of Life” (1927). Thereafter his seminal themes were of love and security and assertive passionate acts that throw off the inertia of his Cubist figures. In the “Return of the Prodigal Son” (1931), for example, strong, facetted curvilinear volumes weave a pattern of emotional and aesthetic accord between parent and child....
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Return of the Secaucus Seven (film by Sayles)
...stories and novels, including Union Dues (1977), before becoming a screenwriter for Roger Corman. In 1980 he made his directorial debut with the acclaimed Return of the Secaucus Seven, which chronicled the reunion of former college friends who had been activists in the 1960s. He explored social and political issues in other thoughtful f...
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Return of the Soldier, The (novel by West)
...biography of Henry James that revealed something of her lively intellectual curiosity, and she then embarked on a career as a novelist with an outstanding—and Jamesian—novel, The Return of the Soldier (1918). Describing the return of a shell-shocked soldier from World War I, the novel subtly explores questions......
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Return of Ulysses to His Country, The (opera by Monteverdi)
...with them almost from the beginning. L’Arianna was revived again, and no fewer than four new operas were composed within about three years. Only two of them have survived in score—The Return of Ulysses to His Country and The Coronation of Poppea—and both are masterpieces. Although they still retain some elements of the Renaissance intermezzo and pastora...
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return stroke (meteorology)
As the stepped leader nears the ground, approximately five coulombs of charge have been deposited along the channel, inducing an opposite charge on the ground and increasing the electric field between the leader and the point to be struck. An upward discharge starts at the ground, church steeple, house, or other object, and rises to meet the stepped leader about 15 to 50 metres (50 to 160 feet)......
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Return to Canada: Selected Poems (poetry by Anderson)
...Scottish biographer James Boswell, by the author of Vathek, William Beckford, and by Lord Byron. Anderson’s last published work was Return to Canada: Selected Poems (1977)....
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Return to Reason (film by Man Ray)
Man Ray also made films. In one short film, Le Retour à la raison (1923; Return to Reason), he applied the rayograph technique to motion-picture film, making patterns with salt, pepper, tacks, and pins. His other films include Anémic cinéma......
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Return to Región (novel by Benet Goitia)
...Nunca llegarás a nada (“You’ll Never Amount to Anything”). He settled in Madrid in 1964. In his first novel—Volverás a Región (1967; Return to Región)—Benet recounts the attitudes of different characters living in an area he calls Región, somewhat resembling León. The novel caused considerable......
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Return to The Islands (work by Grimble)
...or group involvement in the creation of certain kinds of oral literature, the centre of all creative activity is a chief composer who bears ultimate responsibility for the creation. In Return to the Islands (1957), Sir Arthur Grimble vividly relates how oral poems were composed in Kiribati. He describes the first stirring of poetry as a “divine spark of......
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return-air plenum (device)
...by placing the entire sandwich space between the ceiling and the structural deck above under negative pressure to make what is called a return-air plenum. The negative pressure is created by an opening into the plenum from the return side of the rooftop unit, and perforated openings or grills in the ceiling plane admit the return air......
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Returned Sailors’ and Soldiers’ Imperial League of Australia (political party, Australia)
...war continued, but finally resolved, this turbulence. Some radicals hoped that returning servicemen would force social change, but instead the Returned Sailors’ and Soldiers’ Imperial League of Australia (later called the Returned Services League of Australia) became a bastion of conservative order, some of its supporters read...
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Returned Services League of Australia (political party, Australia)
...war continued, but finally resolved, this turbulence. Some radicals hoped that returning servicemen would force social change, but instead the Returned Sailors’ and Soldiers’ Imperial League of Australia (later called the Returned Services League of Australia) became a bastion of conservative order, some of its supporters read...
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returning boomerang (weaponry)
The Aboriginals used two kinds of boomerangs and many varieties of boomerang-shaped clubs. The returning boomerang (the name derives from the word used by the Turuwal tribe in New South Wales) is light, thin and well balanced, 12–30 inches (30–75 cm) in length, and up to 12 ounces (about 340 grams) in weight. It varies in shape.....
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Returning to Nature (essay by Li Ao)
...Classic of Changes”), which appealed to some Buddhist and Daoist thinkers. A sign of a possible Confucian turn in the Tang was Li Ao’s (d. c. 844) essay on “Returning to Nature” that foreshadowed features of Song (960–1279) Confucian thought. The most influential precursor of a Confucian revival, however, was Han Yu (768–824). He......
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returns to scale (economics)
In response to any level of output that it expects to continue for some time, the firm will desire and eventually acquire the fixed plant for which the short-run costs of that level of output are as low as possible. This leads to the concept of the long-run cost curve: the long-run costs of any level of output are the short-run costs of producing that output in the plant that makes those......
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Retz, Gilles de (French noble)
Breton baron, marshal of France, and man of wealth whose distinguished career ended in a celebrated trial for satanism, abduction, and child murder. His name was later connected with the story of Bluebeard....
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Retz, Jean-François-Paul de Gondi, cardinal de (French priest)
one of the leaders of the aristocratic rebellion known as the Fronde (1648–53), whose memoirs remain a classic of 17th-century French literature....
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Retzius, Anders Adolf (Swedish anatomist and anthropologist)
anatomist and anthropologist who is best known for his pioneer studies in craniometry (measurement of the skull as a means of establishing the characteristics of human fossil remains)....
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Retzius, Magnus Gustaf (Swedish anatomist and anthropologist)
Swedish anatomist and anthropologist best-known for his studies of the histology of the nervous system....
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Retzské, Jan (Polish singer)
Polish operatic tenor, celebrated for his beautiful voice, phrasing, and enunciation as well as his charm and striking presence....
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Reuben (Hebrew patriarch)
Polish operatic tenor, celebrated for his beautiful voice, phrasing, and enunciation as well as his charm and striking presence.......
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Reuben (Hebrew tribe)
one of the 12 tribes of Israel that in biblical times comprised the people of Israel who later became the Jewish people. The tribe was named after the oldest of Jacob’s sons born of Leah, his first wife....
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Reuben, Clementine (American artist)
prolific American folk artist who late in life began to produce vibrant representational and abstract oil paintings drawn from her memories of Southern plantation life....
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Reuben sandwich (food)
...are a popular base. The United States contributed elaborate sandwich formulas, two of the most successful being the club sandwich of sliced chicken or turkey, bacon, lettuce, and tomato, and the Reuben of corned beef, swiss cheese, sauerkraut, and Russian dressing served grilled on black......
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Reubeni, David (Jewish adventurer)
Jewish adventurer whose grandiose plans inspired the messianic visions of the martyr Solomon Molcho (d. 1532). Reubeni claimed to be a prince descended from the tribe of Reuben (hence his name) of a Jewish state in Arabia. He gained the favour and protection of Pope Clement VII and King John III of Portuga...
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Reuchlin, Johannes (German humanist)
German humanist, political counselor, and classics scholar whose defense of Hebrew literature helped awaken liberal intellectual forces in the years immediately preceding the Reformation....
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Reuel (biblical figure)
in the Old Testament, priest of Midian of the Kenite clan, with whom Moses took refuge after he killed an Egyptian and whose daughter Moses married (Exodus 3:1). ...
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Reuenthal, Neidhart von (German squire)
...had been governed by introducing an element of practical realism, both in his love poetry and in his Sprüche. By the time of Neidhart von Reuenthal, a Bavarian squire (d. c. 1250), the knight had turned his attention from the ladies of the castle to the wenches of the villages; Neidhart’s melodies likewise have a...
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Reumert, Poul Hagen (Danish actor)
Danish stage and film star, regarded for more than 50 years as one of the most important character actors in Denmark....
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Réunion (island and department, France)
island of the Mascarene Islands and a French overseas département in the western Indian Ocean. It is located about 420 miles (680 km) east of Madagascar and 110 miles (180 km) southwest of Mauritius. R...
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Reunion All Round (work by Knox)
Knox gave witty expression to the perplexities that bedeviled him between his graduation and conversion in Some Loose Stones (1913) and in Reunion All Round (1914). He chronicled his struggle and its resolution in A Spiritual Aeneid (1918). The final expression of his position appeared in The Belief of Catholics (1927). Six volumes of Knox’s sermons were publishe...
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Reunion and Reaction: The Compromise of 1877 and the End of Reconstruction (work by Woodward)
...on the one hand and the large mercantile, industrial, and landholding interests on the other. His analysis of the political deals associated with the contested Hayes-Tilden presidential election, Reunion and Reaction: The Compromise of 1877 and the End of Reconstruction (1951), emphasized the economic motives that influenced that historic compromise. Woodward’s most widely read bo...
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Reus (Spain)
city, Tarragona provincia (province), in the comunidad autónoma (autonomous community) of Catalonia, northeastern Spain. It lies on a coastal plain just west-northwest of Tarragona city. Reus was first...
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reused wool (textile)
...results in the use of recovered wools. In the United States, wool recovered from fabric never used by the consumer is called reprocessed wool; wool recovered from material that has had use is called reused wool. Recovered wools, employed mainly in woolens and blends, are often of inferior quality because of damage suffered during the recovery process....
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Reuss (historical principalities, Germany)
two former German principalities, merged into Thuringia in 1920. In their final years they comprised two blocks, separated by part of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach. The southern and larger block, or Oberland, with Schleiz and Greiz as chief towns, was bounded east by the kingdom of Saxony, south by Bavaria, west by Saxe-Meiningen and part of Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt, and northwest by an e...
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Reuss River (river, Europe)
city, capital of Lucerne canton, central Switzerland, lying on the Reuss River where it issues from the northwestern branch of Lake Lucerne (German: Vierwaldstätter See; French: Lac des Quatre Cantons), southwest of Zürich. The city’s name was derived from the Benedictine monastery of St. Leodegar (Luciaria), founded in th...
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Reuter, Ernst (German politician)
leader of the Social Democratic Party of Germany. While mayor of post-World War II West Berlin, his leadership helped that city survive the Soviet blockade....
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Reuter, Fritz (German author)
German novelist who helped to initiate the development of regional dialect literature in Germany. His best works, which mirrored the provincial life of Mecklenburg, are written in Plattdeutsch, a north German dialect....
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Reuter, Paul Julius, Freiherr von (German journalist)
German-born founder of one of the first news agencies, which still bears his name. Of Jewish parentage, he became a Christian in 1844 and adopted the name of Reuter....
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Reuters (news agency)
news agency founded in Britain in 1851 that became one of the leading newswire services in the world. Its headquarters are in New York City....
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Reutersvard, Oscar (Swedish artist)
...the representation is flawed by faulty perspective, false juxtaposition, or psychological distortion. Among the first to produce these drawings—also called undecidable figures—was Oscar Reutersvard of Sweden, who made them the central features of a set of Swedish postage stamps....
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Reuther board (gymnastics equipment)
...was placed lengthwise, and the vaulting table is placed in that same position whether for men or for women. For men the height of the apparatus is 1.35 metres (4.43 feet) measured from the floor. A Reuther board (also called a beatboard), a special type of springboard developed in Germany, is placed in front of the near end of the apparatus. The gymnast takes a run, gathers momentum as he or......
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Reuther, Walter (American labour leader)
American labour leader who was president of the United Automobile Workers (UAW) and of the Congress of Industrial Organizations (CIO) and was active in national and international affairs....
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Reuther, Walter Philip (American labour leader)
American labour leader who was president of the United Automobile Workers (UAW) and of the Congress of Industrial Organizations (CIO) and was active in national and international affairs....
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Reutlingen (Germany)
city, Baden-Württemberg Land (state), southwestern Germany. It lies on the Echaz River below the Achalm mountain in the Swabian Alps (Schwäbische Alb), south of Stuttgart. Founded by Frederick II, it was chartered in the early 13th century and later became a free ...
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Reuveran Stage (geology)
major division of geologic time and deposits in The Netherlands. The Reuveran Stage, named for a clay deposit of the same name, is Pliocene in age (between 1,600,000 and 5,300,000 years old). The Reuveran underlies undoubted Pleistocene deposits and ha...
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Reval (Estonia)
city, capital of Estonia, on Tallinn Bay of the Gulf of Finland. A fortified settlement existed there from the late 1st millennium bc until the 10th–11th century ad, and there was a town on the site in the 12th century. In 1219 it was captured by the Danes, who built a new fortress on Toompea hill. Trade flourished, especiall...
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revaluation (finance)
In contrast to devaluation, revaluation involves an increase in the exchange value of a country’s monetary unit in terms of gold, silver, or foreign monetary units. It may be undertaken when a country’s currency has been undervalued in comparison with others, causing persistent balance-of-payments surpluses. (See also exchange control.)...
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revascularization (pathology)
...of myocardial infarction has important consequences with respect to long-term mechanical function of the ventricle. Therapy is often designed to reduce the amount of damage caused by rapid revascularization immediately following myocardial infarction. The process of revascularization plays an important role in stimulating ventricular remodeling that leads to ventricular dysfunction.......
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Revda (Russia)
city, Sverdlovsk oblast (region), western Russia, in the mid-Urals on the Revda River, at the confluence of the Chusovaya River. Founded in 1734, when a metallurgical factory was built, it became a city in 1935. In 1940 the Sredneuralsk copper-smelting plant began operation based on ore from the copper-mining centre of Degtyarsk. Ferrous metallurgy and ...
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Rêve de d’Alembert, Le (work by Diderot)
...his philosophical works, special mention may be made of L’Entretien entre d’Alembert et Diderot (written 1769, published 1830; “Conversation Between d’Alembert and Diderot”), Le Rêve de d’Alembert (written 1769, published 1830; “D’Alembert’s Dream”), and the Eléments de physiologie (1774...
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Reve, Gerard (Dutch author)
Dutch writer noted for his virtuoso style and sardonic humour. His subject matter was occasionally controversial, treating such topics as homosexuality and sadism....
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Reve, Gerard Kornelis van het (Dutch author)
Dutch writer noted for his virtuoso style and sardonic humour. His subject matter was occasionally controversial, treating such topics as homosexuality and sadism....
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Reve, Simon van het (Dutch author)
Dutch writer noted for his virtuoso style and sardonic humour. His subject matter was occasionally controversial, treating such topics as homosexuality and sadism....
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Réveil (European religious movement)
A liberal in his early years, he was converted about 1830 to strict Calvinist orthodoxy, becoming one of the pillars of the Réveil, a religious revival and antimodernist movement. In politics Groen provided the theoretical basis for the Dutch denominational political party system. He prepared the way for the foundation of the......
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Reveillon (racehorse)
...he raced pigeons. When he was 13, he dropped out of school to work as a steamfitter. Then, in 1924, he was asked by his boss’s brother Charlie Ferraro to train a horse for him. Two years later, Reveillon, trained by Jacobs, won at Pompano, Fla. In 1928 Jacobs began a partnership with Isidor (“Beebee”) Bieber. Their greatest single success came with Stymie, a two-year-old co...
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Réveillon, Jean-Baptiste (French artist)
French supremacy in design and execution reached its apex during the early part of the 19th century with the flock papers and distemper-coloured papers of Jean-Baptiste Réveillon and panoramic decorations by Joseph Dufour. By this time French wallpapers used not only paysage (country landscape) designs but also simulated architectural forms, such as moldings, columns, and......
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Revel (Estonia)
city, capital of Estonia, on Tallinn Bay of the Gulf of Finland. A fortified settlement existed there from the late 1st millennium bc until the 10th–11th century ad, and there was a town on the site in the 12th century. In 1219 it was captured by the Danes, who built a new fortress on Toompea hill. Trade flourished, especiall...
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Revel, Jean-François (French philosopher and journalist)
French philosopher and journalist (b. Jan. 19, 1924, Marseille, France—d. April 30, 2006, Kremlin-Bicêtre, near Paris, France), was a defender of American liberal democracy, an unusual position for a French intellectual. Ricard adopted the pen name Revel in the Resistance during World War II. He graduated in philosophy from the École Normale Supérieure in 1943, after wh...
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revelation (religion)
in religion, the disclosure of divine or sacred reality or purpose to mankind. In the religious view, such disclosure may come through mystical insights, historical events, or spiritual experiences that transform the lives of individuals and groups....
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Revelation to John (New Testament)
last book of the New Testament. It is the only book of the New Testament classified as apocalyptic literature rather than didactic or historical, indicating thereby its extensive use of visions, symbols, and allegory, especially in connection with futur...
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“Revelation to Peter” (pseudepigraphal Christian writing)
pseudepigraphal (noncanonical and unauthentic) Christian writing dating from the first half of the 2nd century ad. The unknown author, who claimed to be Peter the Apostle, relied on the canonical Gospels and on Revelation to John to construct a conversation between himself and Jesus regarding events at the end ...
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Revelations (dance by Ailey)
...of several pioneer choreographers of modern dance, including Horton, Pearl Primus, and Katherine Dunham. The company’s signature piece is Revelations (1960), a powerful, early work by Ailey that is set to African American spirituals....
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Revelations of Divine Love (work by Julian of Norwich)
...of Perfection; the anonymous author of The Cloud of Unknowing; and his contemporary, the visionary recluse Julian of Norwich, whose Revelations of Divine Love is unsurpassed in English mystical literature. Julian’s meditations on the inner meaning of her revelations of the crucified Christ express the mystical solidarity......
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“Révélations picturales actuelles, Les” (lecture by Léger)
...way to achieve the strongest pictorial effect was to juxtapose contrasts of colour, of curved and straight lines, and of solids and flat planes. In 1914 he gave a lecture entitled Contemporary Achievements in Painting, in which he compared the contrasts in his paintings to the jarring appearance of billboards in the landscape. He argued that such developments should be...
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Revell, Viljo (Finnish architect)
Finnish architect, one of the foremost exponents of Functionalism in Finnish architecture....
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Révellière-Lépeaux, Louis-Marie de La (French politician)
member of the French Revolutionary regime known as the Directory....
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Revels, Hiram R. (American politician and educator)
American clergyman and educator who became the first black citizen to be elected to the U.S. Senate (1870–71), during Reconstruction....
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Revels, Hiram Rhoades (American politician and educator)
American clergyman and educator who became the first black citizen to be elected to the U.S. Senate (1870–71), during Reconstruction....
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Revels, Master of the (English court official)
English court official, who, from Tudor times up until the Licensing Act of 1737, supervised the production and financing of often elaborate court entertainments. He later was the official issuer of licenses to theatres and theatrical companies and the censor of publicly performed plays....
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Revelstoke (British Columbia, Canada)
city, southeastern British Columbia, Canada. It lies along the Columbia River between the Monashee and Selkirk mountains, 392 miles (631 km) northeast of Vancouver. Originally called Second Crossing, the site (over...
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Revelstoke, Edward Charles Baring, 1st Baron (British merchant)
With the death of Thomas Baring in 1873, Edward Charles Baring (1828–97), son of Henry Baring and grandson of Sir Francis Baring, became head of Baring Brothers, and in 1885 he was raised to the peerage as Baron Revelstoke. The house of Baring then stood at the height of its prosperity. During the following years the Baring bank oversaw the loan of large amounts of English capital to the......
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revendication (law)
a form of lawsuit in common-law countries, such as England, Commonwealth countries, and the United States, for return of personal property wrongfully taken and for compensation for resulting loss. Replevin is one of the oldest legal actions, dating to ...
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Revenge (flagship)
...off the Azores. When 53 Spanish vessels approached to protect their treasure ships, the English retreated, but Grenville was delayed and cut off. Undaunted, he attempted to run his ship, the Revenge, through the Spanish line. After 15 hours of hand-to-hand combat against 15 Spanish galleons and a force of 5,000 men, the Revenge with her 190-man crew was captured (Sept. 9/10,......
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Revenge of Bussy d’Ambois (play by Chapman)
...period. In John Marston’s Antonio’s Revenge (1602), the ghost of Antonio’s slain father urges Antonio to avenge his murder, which Antonio does during a court masque. In George Chapman’s Revenge of Bussy d’Ambois (performed c. 1610), Bussy’s ghost begs his introspective brother Clermont to avenge his murder. Clermont hesitates and va...
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revenge tragedy (drama)
drama in which the dominant motive is revenge for a real or imagined injury; it was a favourite form of English tragedy in the Elizabethan and Jacobean eras and found its highest expression in William Shakespeare’s Hamlet....
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Revenger’s Tragedy, The (play attributed to Middleton or Tourneur)
...published 1608) two rival usurers are so eager to score over each other that both are taken in by a clever nephew. A Trick was entered for licensing with an unattributed play entitled The Revenger’s Tragedy (1607). Modern scholarship attributes the latter to Middleton, although Cyril Tourneur is sometimes given as the author. In A Mad World, My Masters (1604?, publis...
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Reventador (mountain, Ecuador)
To the east of the main ranges are peaks Reventador (11,434 feet [3,485 metres]) and Sumaco (12,759 feet [3,889 metres]); the Cordillera de Cutucú, which borders the Upano valley and includes the central peaks; and the Cordillera del Cóndor to the south, which borders the Zamora valley. Beyond this eastern cordillera,......
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Reventazón River (river, Costa Rica)
The Valle Central is separated into two parts by the continental divide. The eastern part is drained by the Reventazón River to the Caribbean, and the western sector forms part of the basin of the Grande de Tárcoles River, which flows into the Pacific. Another large structural valley, the Valle del General, lies at the base of the Cordillera de Talamanca in the southern part of......
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Reventlow, Christian Ditlev Frederik, Greve (Danish government official)
Danish state official whose agrarian reforms led to the liberation of the peasantry in Denmark....
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Reventlow, Juliane von (European countess)
In 1774 Hardenberg married the 15-year-old countess Juliane von Reventlow, who bore him a son and a daughter; they were divorced in 1788. Because his career had come to a standstill and his wife had involved him in a scandal by her liaison with the Prince of Wales, Hardenberg left the Hanoverian service and entered that of the Duke of Brunswick. There, however, he proved to be unsuccessful as......
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revenue (economics)
...It may be given a monetary value if prices can be determined for each of the possessions; this process can be difficult when the possessions are such that they are not likely to be offered for sale. Income is a net total of the flow of payments received in a given time period. Some countries collect statistics on wealth from legally required evaluations of the estates of deceased persons, which...
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revenue (finance)
Governments acquire the resources to finance their expenditures through a number of different methods. In many cases, the most important of these by far is taxation. Governments, however, also have recourse to raising funds through the sale of their goods and services, and, because government budgets seldom balance, through borrowing. The......
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Revenue Act (United States [1932])
Fiscal policy played a relatively small role in stimulating recovery in the United States. Indeed, the Revenue Act of 1932 increased American tax rates greatly in an attempt to balance the federal budget, and by doing so it dealt another contractionary blow to the economy by further discouraging spending. Franklin D. Roosevelt’s New Deal, initiated in early 1933, did include a number of new...
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