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Rokko Railroad Tunnel (tunnel, Japan)
...is to depressurize ahead by drain holes (or small drainage drifts on each side), an extreme example being the 1968 Japanese handling of extraordinarily difficult water and rock conditions on the Rokko Railroad Tunnel, using approximately three-quarters of a mile of drainage drifts and five miles of drain holes in a one-quarter-mile length of the main tunnel....
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Rokonok (work by Móricz)
...which portray individualist peasant characters against the collective life of a village. Kivilágos kivirradtig (1924; “Until the Small Hours of Morning”) and Rokonok (1930; “Relatives”) deal with the life of the decaying provincial nobility. In Móricz’s world, marriage and family life are fraught with bitter conflicts; but he also.....
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Rokossovskii, Konstantin Konstantinovich (Soviet commander)
Soviet military commander noted for his role in the Battle of Stalingrad (1942–43)....
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Rokossovsky, Konstantin Konstantinovich (Soviet commander)
Soviet military commander noted for his role in the Battle of Stalingrad (1942–43)....
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rokosz (Polish history)
Suspicions that Sigismund’s policies were guided by his dynastic interests contributed to a domestic confrontation: the 1606–08 rokosz (“rebellion”). Accusing the king of absolutist designs, the rokosz brought together sincere reformers (who demanded the “execution” of the laws),...
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Rokycana, Jan (Bohemian archbishop)
priest, archbishop, and follower of Jan Hus (1372/73–1415); he was a chief organizer of the papally denounced Hussite Church and a major figure in Bohemian church history....
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Rol-Tanguy, Henri (French military leader)
French World War II Resistance leader (b. June 12, 1908, Morlaix, France—d. Sept. 8, 2002, Monteaux?, France), commanded the Resistance forces during the Parisian uprising against German occupation; he helped liberate Paris in August 1944 and was one of those who signed the document accepting Germany’s surrender of the city. Originally a metallurgical worker, he joined the Communist ...
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Rolamite (mechanics)
mechanical roller-band device that functions as an almost frictionless suspension system for rollers; it consists of a flexible metal band formed in an S-shaped loop. In the , rollers A and B are suspended within the loops of the flexible metallic band C, fastened at D and E to the parallel guide rails F and G. The sum of the roller diameters...
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Roland (epic hero)
...Eggihard, the count palatine Anselm, and Roland, prefect of the March of Brittany. The battle forms the basis of the legend of the hero Roland recounted in the epics La Chanson de Roland and Roncesvalles....
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Roland (missile)
Western European mobile SAM systems include the German-designed Roland, an SA-8 equivalent fired from a variety of tracked and wheeled vehicles, and the French Crotale, an SA-6 equivalent that used a combination of radar command guidance and infrared terminal homing. Both systems were widely exported. Less directly comparable to Soviet systems was the British Rapier, a short-range, semimobile......
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Roland Barthes (work by Barthes)
...momentum in the last decades of the century, in texts which, increasingly, became technically innovative, such as Roland Barthes par Roland Barthes (1975; Roland Barthes), a contradictory, self-critical portrait; and Nathalie Sarraute’s Enfance (1983; Childhood). Genre boundaries blurred: ...
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“Roland Barthes par Roland Barthes” (work by Barthes)
...momentum in the last decades of the century, in texts which, increasingly, became technically innovative, such as Roland Barthes par Roland Barthes (1975; Roland Barthes), a contradictory, self-critical portrait; and Nathalie Sarraute’s Enfance (1983; Childhood). Genre boundaries blurred: ...
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Roland de La Platière, Jean-Marie (French scientist)
French industrial scientist who, largely through his wife’s ambition, became a leader of the moderate Girondin faction of bourgeois revolutionaries during the French Revolution....
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Roland de La Platière, Jeanne-Marie (French politician)
wife of Jean-Marie Roland, who directed her husband’s political career during the French Revolution, greatly influencing the policies of the moderate Girondin faction of bourgeois revolutionaries....
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Roland, Der (opera by Leoncavallo)
...1892, it was an immediate success. His La Bohème (1897) suffered from comparison with Giacomo Puccini’s La Bohème. Zazà (1900) was more successful, but Der Roland (1904), commissioned by Wilhelm II to glorify the Hohenzollerns, was a failure. A number of later works achieved passing su...
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Roland, Gilbert (American actor)
(LUIS ANTONIO DÁMASO DE ALONSO), U.S. actor (b. Dec. 11, 1905, Ciudad Juárez, Mexico--d. May 15, 1994, Beverly Hills, Calif.), specialized in portraying charismatic and dashing Latin lovers, most notably in the 1927 silent-film classic Camille opposite Norma Talmadge, but he was also featured in swashbuckling talkie roles, including that of the Spanish sea captain in The Se...
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Roland Holst-van der Schalk, Henriëtte Goverdina Anna (Dutch poet and socialist)
Dutch poet and active Socialist whose work deals with the humanitarian concerns that informed her politics....
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Roland, Jean-Marie (French scientist)
French industrial scientist who, largely through his wife’s ambition, became a leader of the moderate Girondin faction of bourgeois revolutionaries during the French Revolution....
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Roland, Jeanne-Marie (French politician)
wife of Jean-Marie Roland, who directed her husband’s political career during the French Revolution, greatly influencing the policies of the moderate Girondin faction of bourgeois revolutionaries....
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“Roland, La Chanson de” (French epic poem)
Old French epic poem that is probably the earliest (c. 1100) chanson de geste and is considered the masterpiece of the genre. The poem’s probable author was a Norman poet, Turold, whose name is introduced in its last line....
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Roland von Berlin, Der (work by Alexis)
...Great, Alexis embarked on a cycle of novels intended to bring to light forgotten but significant periods of Prussian history. He continually experimented with methods of presentation. Der Roland von Berlin (1840) portrays the struggle for power in the 15th century between the municipal authorities of Berlin-Kölln and the ruler of Brandenburg; Der falsche Wo...
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Rolando, fissure of
Two major furrows—the central sulcus and the lateral sulcus—divide each cerebral hemisphere into four sections: the frontal, parietal, temporal, and occipital lobes. The central sulcus, also known as the fissure of......
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Rolando, sulcus of
Two major furrows—the central sulcus and the lateral sulcus—divide each cerebral hemisphere into four sections: the frontal, parietal, temporal, and occipital lobes. The central sulcus, also known as the fissure of......
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Rold Forest (forest, Denmark)
...Himmerland’s wet, sandy environment supports unusual wildlife species. Eagles live in the 34-square-mile (88-square-km) Lille Vildmose (marsh). Rare clovers, orchids, and blue anemones grow in the Rold Forest, the remnant of a spruce forest that once covered most of the region. North of Rold Forest the heather-covered Rebild Hills, bought by Danish Americans in 1911 and donated to Denmar...
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Roldán, Francisco (Spanish colonial mayor)
Both the Taino and the European immigrants had resented the rule of Bartholomew and Diego Columbus. A rebellion by the mayor of La Isabela, Francisco Roldán, had led to appeals to the Spanish court, and, even as Columbus attempted to restore order (partly by hangings), the Spanish chief justice, Francisco de Bobadilla, was on his way to the colony with a royal commission to investigate......
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Roldán, Luisa (Spanish sculptor)
...history. Among its holdings were a battle standard used by the conquistador Hernán Cortés and an 18th-century sculpture, “Virgin with Child,” attributed to the artist Luisa Roldán, who was Spanish royal sculptor to King Charles II....
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Roldán, Pedro (Spanish sculptor)
Spanish sculptor, painter, and architect, best remembered for his work on the main altarpiece at La Caridad, Sevilla (Seville), designed by Simón de Pineda and polychromed by Juan Valdés Leal....
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Roldós Aguilera, Jaime (president of Ecuador)
lawyer elected president of Ecuador in 1979....
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Rolduc (abbey, Kerkrade, The Netherlands)
The former abbey of Rolduc (1104) has a notable Romanesque church; its courtyard buildings now serve as a boys’ school. A natural history and mining museum is housed in Oud Ehrenstein Castle. International music contests are held periodically in the Europaplein Park. Kerkrade metropolitan......
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role (sociology)
in sociology, the behaviour expected of an individual who occupies a given social position or status. A role is a comprehensive pattern of behaviour that is socially recognized, providing a means of identifying and placing an individual in a society. It also serves as a strategy for coping with recurrent situations and dealing with the roles of others (e.g., parent–child roles). The...
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role model (sociology)
A propagandist is wise if, in addition to reiterating his support of ideas and policies that he knows the reactors already believe in, he includes among his images a variety of symbols associated with parents and parent surrogates. The child lives on in every adult, eternally seeking a loving father and mother. Hence the appeal of such familistic symbolisms as “the fatherland,”......
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Role of Defensive Pursuit, The (book by Chennault)
...Tactical School, he became an instructor there and led “Three Men on a Flying Trapeze,” an exhibition group. During this time Chennault also wrote an aviation textbook, The Role of Defensive Pursuit (1935), that detailed new fighter tactics. His belief that bombers were vulnerable to attack by fighter planes, however, put him at odds with his superiors.......
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Role of Monetary Policy, The (work by Friedman)
...seemed to be so firmly founded as to constitute a virtual “law” in economics. Gradually, however, adverse evidence about the Phillips curve appeared, and in 1968 The Role of Monetary Policy, first delivered as Milton Friedman’s presidential address to the American Economic Association, introduced the notorious concept of “the natural rate of...
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role playing (sociology)
...discussion. The case-study method has become popular; a problem situation is presented in considerable detail and trainees are asked to make suggestions for its solution. Another new technique is role playing. Members of the training staff create a situation by playacting, and the trainees either comment on what is taking place or participate in the attempt to find a solution, or they perform.....
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role playing game, electronic (electronic game genre)
electronic game genre in which players advance through a story quest, and often many side quests, for which their character or party of characters gain experience that improves various attributes and abilities. The genre is almost entirely rooted in TSR, Inc.’s Dungeons & Dragons (D&D; 1974), a ...
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Rolf (Swiss circus trainer)
Swiss elephant trainer who was director of the highly respected family-owned Swiss National Circus for 50 years (b. Nov. 23, 1921--d. Aug. 18, 1997)....
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Rolf (duke of Normandy)
Scandinavian rover who founded the duchy of Normandy....
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Rolf Krage (work by Ewald)
...epic poet Friedrich Klopstock, and at about the same time he read Shakespeare’s plays and James Macpherson’s Ossian. Their influence resulted in the historical drama Rolf Krage (1770), taken from an old Danish legend that was recorded by the medieval historian Saxo Grammaticus....
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Rolf Nevanlinna Prize (award)
...Medals were awarded in 1936. An anonymous donation allowed the number of prize medals to increase starting in 1966. Medalists also receive a small (currently $1,500) cash award. A related award, the Rolf Nevanlinna Prize, has also been presented at each International Congress of Mathematicians since 1982. It is awarded to one young mathematician for work dealing with the mathematical aspects of...
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Rolfe, Frederick William (English author)
English author and eccentric, best known for his autobiographical fantasy Hadrian the Seventh. He provides the curious example of an artist rescued from obscurity by his biographer; many years after Rolfe’s death A.J.A. Symons wrote a colourful biographical fantasy, The Quest for Corvo (1934), the publication of which marked the beginning ...
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Rolfe, John (British colonial official)
Virginia planter and colonial official who was the husband of Pocahontas, daughter of the Indian chief Powhatan....
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Rolin, Dominique (Belgian author)
Belgian novelist noted for embracing new narrative techniques. Author of more than 30 books in 50 years, Rolin produced a body of fiction that centres on the themes of birth, death, family, and physical dislocation....
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Rolin, Nicolas (chancellor of Burgundy)
...from noblemen such as Philip the Good, duke of Burgundy, and his powerful chancellor, Nicolas Rolin. Rogier may well have also been influenced by the writings of Thomas à Kempis, the most popular theologian of the era, whose “practical mysticism,” like Rogier’...
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roll (motion)
In maneuvering, a ship experiences yaw (rotation about a vertical axis) and sway (sideways motion). More generally, motions are possible in all six degrees of freedom, the other four being roll (rotation about a longitudinal axis), pitch (rotation about a transverse axis), heave (vertical motion), and surge (longitudinal motion superimposed......
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roll (food)
Most of the bakery foods consumed throughout the world are breads and rolls made from yeast-leavened doughs. The yeast-fermentation process leads to the development of desirable flavour and texture, and such products are nutritionally superior to products of the equivalent chemically leavened doughs, since yeast cells themselves add a wide assortment of vitamins and good quality protein....
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roll crusher
Yet another development, combining the processes of crushing and grinding, is the roll crusher. This consists essentially of two cylinders that are mounted on horizontal shafts and driven in opposite directions. The cylinders are pressed together under high pressure, so that comminution takes place in the material bed between them....
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roll film (photography)
The term roll film is usually reserved for film wound up on a spool with an interleaving light-tight backing paper to protect the wound-up film. The spool is loaded into the camera in daylight, the backing paper leader threaded to a second spool, and the film wound from picture to picture once the camera is closed. This is the classical roll film of roll-film cameras. Common current film widths......
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roll forging (technology)
Several other forging processes are also used. In roll forging, the metal blank is run through matched rotating rolls with impressions sunk in their surfaces. Impact forging is essentially hammer forging in which both dies are moved horizontally, converging on the workpiece. Counterblow forging is similar, except that the dies converge vertically. A principal advantage of these last two methods......
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roll molding (architecture)
...or similar section. (4) An ovolo, a convex molding, has a profile approximately a quarter-circle or quarter-ellipse. (5) A torus, a convex molding, approximates a semicircle or semiellipse. (6) A roll, or bowtell, molding is convex, approximating three-quarters of a circle. (7) An astragal is a small torus. (8) An apophyge molding is a small, exaggerated cavetto....
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roll-film camera (photography)
This type of camera takes sheet film (typical formats of from 212 × 312 inches to 4 × 5 inches), roll film, or 70-mm film in interchangeable magazines; it has interchangeable lenses and may have a coupled rangefinder. Special types use wide-angle lenses and wide picture formats (e.g.,......
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roll-front deposit (mineralogy)
Uranium occurs in two valence states, U4+ and U6+. Weathering of rocks converts uranium into the +6 state, in which state it forms the uranyl ion (UO2)2+. Uranyl compounds tend to be soluble in groundwater, whereas U4+ compounds are not. So long as the groundwater remains oxidizing, uranyl......
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roll-front uranium deposit (mineralogy)
Uranium occurs in two valence states, U4+ and U6+. Weathering of rocks converts uranium into the +6 state, in which state it forms the uranyl ion (UO2)2+. Uranyl compounds tend to be soluble in groundwater, whereas U4+ compounds are not. So long as the groundwater remains oxidizing, uranyl......
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roll-on, roll-off ship (naval technology)
An enormous increase in the use of the roll-on, roll-off technique of loading and unloading developed in the late 1960s. The principle of embarking whole vehicles under their own power was not new. The report of Hannibal ferrying his elephants over the Rhône in the 3rd century bc might be regarded as the earliest example from which the vast amphibious operations of the invasio...
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Rolla (Missouri, United States)
city, seat (1861) of Phelps county, south-central Missouri, U.S. It is located in the Ozark Mountains, near the Gasconade River and units of the Mark Twain National Forest (headquartered at Rolla). Originating about 1856 as a construction site for the ...
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Rolland, Romain (French writer)
French novelist, dramatist, and essayist, an idealist who was deeply involved with pacifism, the fight against fascism, the search for world peace, and the analysis of artistic genius. He was awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1915....
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Rolle, Andrew (American historian)
...problems with inventive solutions. Even after major riots and serious earthquakes, the city continued to attract millions of visitors annually and large numbers of new residents. As historian Andrew Rolle wrote,Los Angeles…continues to generate its own momentum. After two centuries of turbulent expansion, diehard residents remain optimistic about the city’s future.......
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Rolle, Esther (American actress)
American actress whose portrayal of Florida Evans in the 1970s television series "Maude" and "Good Times" brought her national recognition; long a campaigner against racial stereotyping, she temporarily left the cast of "Good Times" to protest the poor example set by her TV son in the series, and in 1990 she was awarded the NAACP Chairman’s Civil Rights Leadership Award for her efforts to i...
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Rolle, Richard (British mystic)
English mystic and author of mystical and ascetic tracts....
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Rolleiflex (camera)
twin-lens reflex roll-film camera introduced by the German firm Franke & Heidecke in 1928. It had two lenses of identical focal length—one transmitting the image to the film and the other functioning as a viewfinder and part of the focusing mechanism. Twelve exposures, 6 cm square each, could be made on a roll of 120-size film....
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Rollende Landstrasse (technology)
The Germans, followed by the Austrians and Swiss, also developed a particularly costly intermodal technology. They call it “Rolling Highway” (Rollende Landstrasse), because it employs low-floor cars that, coupled into a train, form an uninterrupted drive-on, drive-off roadway for highway trucks or tractor-trailer rigs. Rolling......
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roller (bird)
any of about 12 species of Old World birds constituting the family Coraciidae (order Coraciiformes), named for the dives and somersaults they perform during the display flights in courtship. The family is sometimes considered to include the ground rollers and cuckoo rollers. Rollers inhabit warm regions fr...
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roller (farm machine)
farm implement used to break up lumps left by harrows and to compact the soil, eliminating large air spaces. The plain roller is often used to compact grassland damaged by winter heaving. Corrugated rollers, single or tandem, crush clods and firm the soil after plowing. A type usually called a roller-packer or land presser has heavy, wedge-sh...
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roller bearing (device)
one of the two members of the class of rolling, or so-called antifriction, bearings (the other member of the class is the ball bearing). Like a ball bearing, a roller bearing has two grooved tracks, or races, but the balls are replaced by rollers. The rollers may be cylinders or truncated cones. Only radial loads (i.e., loads perpendicular to the axis of rotation) can be...
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roller chain (chain drive)
A roller chain is a development of the block chain in which the block is replaced by two side plates, a pair of bushings, and rollers. (See Figure 3.) This type of chain is used on bicycles and is adaptable to many other needs, from small-strand drives for microfilm projectors to multiple-strand chains for heavy-duty service in oil-drilling......
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roller coaster (ride)
elevated railway with steep inclines and descents that carries a train of passengers through sharp curves and sudden changes of speed and direction for a brief thrill ride. Found mostly in amusement parks as a continuous loop, it is a popular leisure activity....
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Roller Derby (sport)
Roller Derby was one of the first roller sports to succeed on the professional level. The sport originated in Chicago in 1935 as an endurance competition between male-female couples. The teams would circle a banked rink for 57,000 laps, a total distance that was said to equal a trip across the United States. A few years later Roller Derby was restructured as a contact sport with two teams, each......
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roller dryer (food processing)
The simplest and least expensive is the drum, or roller, dryer. It consists of two large steel cylinders that turn toward each other and are heated from the inside by steam. The concentrated product is applied to the hot drum in a thin sheet that dries during less than one revolution and is scraped from the drum by a steel blade. The flakelike powder dissolves poorly in water but is often......
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roller hockey (sport)
New sports incorporating roller skates emerged soon after the introduction of the quad skate in 1863. The first recorded game of roller hockey took place in London in 1878. Speed roller-skating events began in the 1890s and were popular through the first quarter of the 20th century. Major speed roller-skating events for men, women, and......
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roller link (chain drive device)
...to many other needs, from small-strand drives for microfilm projectors to multiple-strand chains for heavy-duty service in oil-drilling equipment. Roller chains are assembled from pin links and roller links. A pin link consists of the two side plates connected by two tightly fitted pins. A ......
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roller mill (processing technology)
...of the juice. Frequently, knives are followed by a shredder, which breaks the chips into shreds for finer cane preparation. The chipped (and shredded) cane then goes through the crusher, a set of roller mills in which the cane cells are crushed and juice extracted. As the crushed cane proceeds through a series of up to eight four-roll mills, it is forced against a countercurrent of water......
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roller press (machine tool)
At the same time the roller press was under development in Germany. Initially, the die designs were engraved or punched into the curved surfaces of two rollers that were geared together so that the whole fillet (rather than single blanks) could be fed between them and emerge impressed. This method was advantageous in requiring less power: only part of the blank was being deformed at any one......
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roller printing (textile industry)
method of applying a coloured pattern to cloth, invented by Thomas Bell of Scotland in 1783. A separate dye paste for each colour is applied to the fabric from a metal roller that is intaglio engraved according to the design. The technique can be used with almost any textile fabric. See also discharge printing; resist printing....
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roller pump (surgical instrument)
In 1932 DeBakey devised the “roller pump,” an essential component of the heart-lung machine that permitted open-heart surgery. He also developed an efficient method of correcting aortic aneurysms by grafting frozen blood vessels to replace diseased vessels. By 1953 DeBakey had....
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roller-bit cutter (machine)
American moles have developed two types of cutters: disk cutters that wedge out the rock between initial grooves cut by the hard-faced rolling disks, and roller-bit cutters using bits initially developed for fast drilling of oil wells. As later entrants in the field, European manufacturers have generally tried a different......
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roller-packer (farm machine)
...air spaces. The plain roller is often used to compact grassland damaged by winter heaving. Corrugated rollers, single or tandem, crush clods and firm the soil after plowing. A type usually called a roller-packer or land presser has heavy, wedge-shaped wheels about 3 feet (1 m) in diameter and is used in ......
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roller-skating (sport)
recreational and competitive sport in which the participants use special shoes fitted with small wheels to move about on rinks or paved surfaces. Roller-skating sports include speed skating, hockey, figure skating, and dancing competitions similar to the ice-skating sports, as well as the vertical and street-style competitio...
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Rollerblade skating (recreation)
In the 1980s roller-skating enjoyed renewed popularity with the creation of a new generation of in-line roller skates by hockey-playing brothers Scott and Brennan Olson, the founders of Rollerblade, Inc. They developed in-line skates with four wheels that extended the full length of the boot, giving the skater greater maneuverability (compared with previous in-line skates) and much more speed.......
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rollerblading (recreation)
In the 1980s roller-skating enjoyed renewed popularity with the creation of a new generation of in-line roller skates by hockey-playing brothers Scott and Brennan Olson, the founders of Rollerblade, Inc. They developed in-line skates with four wheels that extended the full length of the boot, giving the skater greater maneuverability (compared with previous in-line skates) and much more speed.......
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rollerlike bird (bird)
any member of an order made up of 10 families of birds that include the kingfishers, todies, motmots, bee-eaters, rollers, hoopoes, and hornbills. Among the members of the order that have attracted special attention are certain kingfishers that plu...
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RollerSoccer (sport)
any member of an order made up of 10 families of birds that include the kingfishers, todies, motmots, bee-eaters, rollers, hoopoes, and hornbills. Among the members of the order that have attracted special attention are certain kingfishers that plu...
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Rolle’s theorem (mathematics)
in analysis, special case of the mean-value theorem of differential calculus. Rolle’s theorem states that if a function f is continuous on the closed interval [a, b] and differentiable on the open interval (a, b) such that f(a) = f(...
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Rolleston, William (New Zealand minister)
...South Island, had fallen to large owners; these “monopolists” were attacked by the radicals, though probably the pastoral industry could not have been established under any other system. William Rolleston, minister of lands in the early 1880s, first proposed that the state should help men to become small farmers as state tenants; John (later Sir John) McKenzie and the Liberal......
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Rollet, Paul (military official)
...By 1933 the legion numbered more than 30,000 soldiers and had carved out an organizational niche under an inspector general based in Sidi Bel Abbès. The legion’s first inspector general, Paul Rollet, who had commanded the RMLE in the last year of the war, sought to secure the legion’s place in the public imagination and in the French army by reviving pre-1914......
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Rolli, Paolo Antonio (Italian author)
...Zappi, Alessandro Guidi, and Carlo Innocenzo Frugoni. Although most Arcadian poetry was rather pale and imitative, the academy had two outstanding writers in the 17th and 18th centuries: Paolo Rolli, who was particularly skilled in canzonetti, and Pietro Metastasio, one of the greatest lyricists and librettists in Italian......
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rolling (technology)
in technology, the principal method of forming molten metals, glass, or other substances into shapes that are small in cross-section in comparison with their length, such as bars, sheets, rods, rails, girders, and wires. Rolling is the most widely used method of shaping metals and is particularly important in the manufacture of steel for use in construction and other industries. Rolling may be do...
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rolling (tea industry)
At this stage, the withered leaf is distorted, acquiring the distinctive twist of the finished tea leaf, and leaf cells are burst, resulting in the mixing of enzymes with polyphenols....
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rolling bearing
...oil) or gas; these are sliding bearings, and the part of the shaft that turns in the bearing is the journal. The surfaces in a bearing may be separated also by balls or rollers; these are known as rolling bearings. In the illustration, the inner race turns with the shaft....
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rolling friction (physics)
Rolling friction occurs when a wheel, ball, or cylinder rolls freely over a surface, as in ball and roller bearings. The main source of friction in rolling appears to be dissipation of energy involved in deformation of the objects. If a hard ball is rolling on a level surface, the ball......
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rolling gate (engineering)
Several forms of gates have been developed. The simplest and oldest form is a vertical-lift gate that, sliding or rolling against guides, can be raised to allow water to flow underneath. Radial, or tainter, gates are similar in principle but are curved in vertical section to better resist water pressure. Tilting gates consist of flaps held by hinges along their lower edges that permit water to......
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Rolling Highway (technology)
The Germans, followed by the Austrians and Swiss, also developed a particularly costly intermodal technology. They call it “Rolling Highway” (Rollende Landstrasse), because it employs low-floor cars that, coupled into a train, form an uninterrupted drive-on, drive-off roadway for highway trucks or tractor-trailer rigs. Rolling......
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rolling magazine (military technology)
...Two logistic innovations were notable: the magazine, a strategically located prestocked depot, usually established to support an army conducting a siege; and its smaller, mobile version, the rolling magazine, which carried a few days’ supply for an army on the march. Secure lines of communication became vital, and whole armies were deployed to protect them. The increasing size of armies....
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rolling motion (mechanics)
A common example of combined rotation and translation is rolling motion, as exhibited by a billiard ball rolling on a table, or a ball or cylinder rolling down an inclined plane. Consider the latter example, illustrated in Figure 22. Motion is impelled by the force of gravity, which may be resolved into two components,......
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Rolling Power (painting by Sheeler)
...pictures, “Upper Deck” (Fogg Art Museum, Cambridge, Mass.), which has been acclaimed for its pristine, geometric surfaces. “Rolling Power” (1939; Smith College Museum of Art, Northampton, Mass.), another major work, emphasized the abstract power of the......
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rolling stock (railroad vehicle)
After the first crude beginnings, railroad-car design took divergent courses in North America and Europe, because of differing economic conditions and technological developments. Early cars on both continents were largely of two-axle design, but passenger-car builders soon began constructing cars with three and then four axles, the latter......
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Rolling Stone (American magazine)
...Journey to the Heart of the American Dream (1972; film, 1998), which became a contemporary classic and established the genre of gonzo journalism. First serialized in Rolling Stone, it documents the drug-addled road trip taken by Thompson (as his alter ego Raoul Duke) and his lawyer (Dr. Gonzo) whil...
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Rolling Stones, the (British rock group)
British rock group, formed in 1962, that drew on Chicago blues stylings to create a unique vision of the dark side of post-1960s counterculture. The original members were Mick Jagger (b. July 26, 1943Dartford, Kent, Eng.), ...
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rolling strike (industrial relations)
...in the United States. American unions have responded by devising new tactics that include selective strikes (which target the sites that will cause the company the greatest economic harm) and rolling strikes (which target a succession of employer sites, making it difficult for the employer to hire replacements because the strike’s location is always changing)....
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Rolling Thunder (United States military strategy)
...to take action in order to halt the slide in Saigon. In mid-February, without public announcement, the United States began a campaign of sustained air strikes against the North that were code-named Rolling Thunder....
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Rolling Thunder Revue (American musical program)
...America with a gypsylike touring company, announcing shows in radio interviews only hours before appearing. Filmed and recorded, the Rolling Thunder Revue—including Joan Baez, Allen Ginsberg, Ramblin’ Jack Elliott, and Roger McGuinn—came to motion-picture screens in 1978 as part of the four-hour-lon...
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rolling waves style (art)
The drapery, known as hompa (“wave”), is one of the most distinguishing features of the Jōgan style. The folds are cut deeply in a simple measured rhythm, a technique suggestive of the string drapery of the colossal image of the Buddha at Bāmīān, Afghanistan, which was a focal figure for all pilgrims traveling the.....
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