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antipyrine (drug)
German chemist who discovered antipyrine....
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antiqua script (calligraphy)
in calligraphy, script based upon the clear, orderly Carolingian writing that Italian humanists mistook for the ancient Roman script used at the time of Cicero (1st century bc). They used the term roman to distinguish this supposedly classical style from black-letter and national hands. It was upon the model of antica, or roman, scripts t...
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antiquarianism (art)
...century, when the Gothic Revival moved from a phase of sentimental and picturesque attraction to one of greater archaeological exactitude, was determined largely by the research and publications of antiquarians. In the Itinerarium Curiosum of 1725 William Stukeley first introduced plans, in addition to topographical views, of Gothic buildings; but it was not until 1753, with the......
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antiquark (physics)
The baryons and mesons are complex subatomic particles built from more-elementary objects, the quarks. Six types of quark, together with their corresponding antiquarks, are necessary to account for all the known hadrons. The six varieties, or “flavours,” of quark have acquired the names up, down, charm, strange, top, and bottom. The meaning of these somewhat unusual names is not......
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antique
a relic or old object having aesthetic, historic, and financial value. Formerly, it referred only to the remains of the classical cultures of Greece and Rome; gradually, decorative arts—courtly, bourgeois, and peasant—of all past eras and places came to be considered antique....
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antique finish (paper)
Uncoated book paper comes in four finishes: (1) antique or eggshell, (2) machine finish, MF, (3) English finish, EF, and (4) supercalendered. Antique has the roughest surface. High bulking pulps, such as soda pulp, are used and only slightly beaten in stock preparation. The sheet is lightly calendered (pressed between rollers) to provide a degree of surface smoothness while preserving the......
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Antique Smith (Scottish forger)
...of forgeries ascribed to his alleged father and to Shelley, John Keats, and others. More commonplace is the forgery encountered in the case of the Edinburgh forger A.H. (“Antique”) Smith, who was responsible for forgeries of Robert Burns, Sir Walter Scott, Mary Stuart, and other persons from Scottish literature and history—a feat that ultimately earned him 12 months’...
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“Antiquitates Judaicae” (work by Josephus)
an account of Jewish history from its early beginnings to the revolt against Rome in ad 66, written in Greek in about ad 93 by Flavius Josephus, a general in the Jewish army who defected to Rome. His writings are not always accepted as totally reliable....
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Antiquitates rerum humanarum et divinarum (work by Varro)
...on the coalition of Pompey, Julius Caesar, and Crassus. He sided with Pompey in Spain (49) but was pardoned (47) and appointed librarian by Caesar, to whom he dedicated the second part of his Antiquitates rerum humanarum et divinarum (“Antiquities of Human and Divine Things”). Under the second triumvirate Varro was outlawed by Mark Antony, and his books were burned, but......
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Antiquités de Rome (work by Bellay)
...to write on religious themes, but his experience of court life in the Vatican seems to have disillusioned him. He turned instead to meditations on the vanished glories of ancient Rome in the Antiquités de Rome and to melancholy satire in his finest work, the Regrets (both published after his return to France in 1558)....
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Antiquités Nationales, Musée des (museum, Saint-Germain-en-Laye, France)
...into the Stone, Bronze, and Iron ages). This museum was merged with three others (of ethnography, antiquities, and numismatics) in 1892 to form the National Museum of Denmark. In France the Museum of National Antiquities opened at Saint-Germain-en-Laye late in the 18th century. It still acts as a national archaeological repository, as does the State Historical Museum in Stockholm, which......
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antiquities museum
...interest in antiquities led to the excavation of local archaeological sites and had an impact on museum development. In the years 1806–26, in Russian lands to the north of the Black Sea, four archaeological museums were opened, at Feodosiya, Kerch, Nikolayev, and Odessa (all now located in Ukraine). The Museum of Northern Antiquities was opened in Copenhagen in 1819 (it was there that it...
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Antiquities of Mexico (work by King)
...figures have given the Maya a strong reputation as astronomers. The codex was acquired by the Saxon State Library, Dresden, Saxony, and was published by Edward King, Viscount Kingsborough, in Antiquities of Mexico (1830–48). King erroneously attributed the codex to the Aztecs. The first scientific edition of the codex was made by E. Förstemann (Leipzig, 1880). See ...
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“Antiquities of South Arabia, The” (encyclopaedia by al-Hamdānī)
His encyclopaedia Al-Iklīl (“The Crown”; Eng. trans. of vol. 8 by N.A. Faris as The Antiquities of South Arabia) and his other writings are a major source of information on Arabia, providing a valuable anthology of South Arabian poetry as well as much genealogical, topographical, and historical information. Al-Dāmighah (“The...
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Antiquities of the Jews, The (work by Josephus)
an account of Jewish history from its early beginnings to the revolt against Rome in ad 66, written in Greek in about ad 93 by Flavius Josephus, a general in the Jewish army who defected to Rome. His writings are not always accepted as totally reliable....
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Antiquities of Warwickshire (work by Dugdale)
...the help of Roger Dodsworth, Monasticon Anglicanum, 3 vol. (1655–73), a collection of records relating to medieval English religious houses. Among his other important works are the Antiquities of Warwickshire (1656), which became a model for large-scale county histories, and The Baronage of England (1675–76). He was knighted in 1667....
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antirabies serum (medicine)
...the otherwise inevitable progress of the infection. The bite should be washed immediately because much, if not all, of the virus can be thus removed. The bitten patient should then receive a dose of antirabies serum. Serum is derived from horses or humans that have been immunized with attenuated rabies virus; it provides the patient with already prepared antibodies against the rabies antigen......
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antired (subatomic property)
...the colours of the everyday world but rather represents a property of quarks that is the source of the strong force. The colours red, green, and blue are ascribed to quarks, and their opposites, antired, antigreen, and antiblue, are ascribed to antiquarks. According to QCD, all combinations of quarks must contain mixtures of these imaginary colours that cancel out one another, with the......
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antireflection layer (solar cell engineering)
Solar cells, whether used in a central power station, a satellite, or a calculator, have the same basic structure, as shown in the figure. Light enters the device through an optical coating, or antireflection layer, that minimizes the loss of light by reflection; it effectively traps the light falling on the solar cell by promoting its transmission to the energy-conversion layers below. The......
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Antirent War (United States history)
(1839–46), in U.S. history, civil unrest and rioting in upper New York state arising from the dissatisfaction of leaseholding farmers over the patroon system then prevailing on the great hereditary estates, originally established by the Dutch. In addition to rent, a farmer had to provide certain services to the landowner; the farmer’s position was similar to that of a copyholder or v...
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antiroll fin (shipbuilding)
...from the hull in the area where the bottom of the hull meets the side. Bilge keels are effective in reducing roll, but they are much less effective than other measures. The most effective are antiroll fins that extend transversely from the side of the ship for perhaps 30 feet (10 metres) and are continuously rotated about their axes to develop forces that oppose the roll. Among the......
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Antirrhinum (Antirrhinum genus)
any herbaceous plant of the genus Antirrhinum (order Scrophulariales, family Plantaginacea, also known as Antirrhinaceae; formerly in the family Scrophulariaceae), of which there are about 20 species native to western North America and the western Mediterranean region. The flowers are tubular, bilaterally symmetrical, and usually large with a closed, liplike mouth that excludes most insects...
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Antisana (mountain, Ecuador)
...of the Andes bordering the Sierra constitute the country’s highest and most continuous mountain chains. Many peaks are volcanic or snow-covered; these include Cayambe (18,996 feet [5,790 metres]), Antisana (18,714 feet [5,704 metres]), Cotopaxi—the world’s highest active volcano—(19,347 feet [5,897 metres]), Chimborazo (20,702 feet [6,310 metres]), Altar (17,451 feet...
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antisense ribonucleic acid (biochemical)
Most antisense RNAs are synthetically modified derivatives of RNA or DNA with potential therapeutic value. In nature, antisense RNAs contain sequences that are the complement of the normal coding sequences found in mRNAs (also called sense RNAs). Like mRNAs, antisense RNAs are single-stranded, but they cannot be translated into protein. They can inactivate their complementary mRNA by forming a......
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antisense RNA (biochemical)
Most antisense RNAs are synthetically modified derivatives of RNA or DNA with potential therapeutic value. In nature, antisense RNAs contain sequences that are the complement of the normal coding sequences found in mRNAs (also called sense RNAs). Like mRNAs, antisense RNAs are single-stranded, but they cannot be translated into protein. They can inactivate their complementary mRNA by forming a......
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antiseptic
any of several substances used to inhibit the growth of or destroy infectious microorganisms. See antimicrobial agent....
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antiserum
blood serum that contains specific antibodies against an infective organism or poisonous substance. Antiserums are produced in animals (e.g., horse, sheep, ox, rabbit) and man in response to infection, intoxication, or vaccination and may be used in another individual to confer immunity to a specific disease or to treat bites or stings of venomous anim...
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antiship missile
At the same time, though, a new equalizer was being developed: the antiship guided missile. This weapon, which could be mounted onto the smallest surface vessels as well as aircraft and submarines, was especially dangerous to aircraft carriers because it could be launched outside antiaircraft range and, being unmanned, could not be distracted easily by defensive fire. The main defense was to......
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antislavery movement (European and American social movement)
(c. 1783–1888), in western Europe and the Americas, the movement chiefly responsible for creating the emotional climate necessary for ending the transatlantic slave trade and chattel slavery. With the decline of Roman slavery in the 5th century, the institution waned in western Europe and by the 11th century had virtually disappeared. Portuguese exploration of the west co...
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antisocial behaviour (psychology)
Obsessive behaviour also is observed within deviant groups in society. After Edward G. Robinson starred in the motion picture Little Caesar (1932), a rash of undersized juvenile delinquents aped his manner. In 1959 and 1960 there was a rash of incidents in which synagogues were desecrated, usually by painting Nazi swastikas on them, and anti-Semitic slogans were painted in public places.......
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antisocial personality disorder (psychology)
One of the most important disorders is the antisocial, sociopathic, or psychopathic personality disorder. This disorder is chiefly characterized by a personal history of chronic and continuous antisocial behaviour in which the rights of others are violated. Poor or nonexistent job performance is another major indicator. Persons with antisocial personality disorder make up a significant portion......
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antistaling agent (chemistry)
Preservatives used to maintain moisture and softness in baked goods are known as antistaling agents (e.g., glyceryl monostearate). These substances are thought to act by preventing water loss from starches....
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Antisthenes (Greek philosopher)
Greek philosopher, of Athens, who was a disciple of Socrates and is considered the founder of the Cynic school of philosophy, though Diogenes of Sinope often is given that credit....
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antistrophe (literature)
in Greek lyric odes, the second part of the traditional three-part structure. The antistrophe followed the strophe and preceded the epode. In the choral odes of Greek drama each of these parts corresponded to a specific movement of the chorus as it performed that part. During the strophe the chorus moved...
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antisubmarine technology (warfare)
Apart from the convoys, the Allies improved their antisubmarine technology (hydrophones, depth charges, etc.) and extended their minefields. In 1918, moreover, Admiral Sir Roger Keyes, in command at Dover, set up a system whereby the English Channel was patrolled by surface craft with searchlights, so that U-boats passing through it had to submerge themselves to depths at which they were liable......
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antisymmetric function (physics)
...the physical interpretation of the wave function. If the sign of Ψ remains unchanged, the wave function is said to be symmetric with respect to interchange; if the sign changes, the function is antisymmetric....
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antisymmetric wave function (physics)
...the physical interpretation of the wave function. If the sign of Ψ remains unchanged, the wave function is said to be symmetric with respect to interchange; if the sign changes, the function is antisymmetric....
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antitank grenade (weapon)
...their own low-energy propellant charges and are shot from special large-bore launchers similar to shotguns or from launchers attached to infantry assault rifles. Another type of grenade is the antitank grenade, which contains a special shaped-charge explosive that can pierce even the heavy armour of a tank. Since these are usually delivered by small rockets launched from shoulder-held......
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antitank weapon
any of several guns, missiles, and mines intended for use against tanks. The first response to the introduction of tanks during World War I was a variety of grenades and large-calibre rifles designed to penetrate tanks’ relatively thin armour or disable their tracks. Land mines and ordinary artillery were also used effectively. By the beginning of World War II, a family o...
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antitau (subatomic particle)
...found that the collisions formed heavy leptons, later called tau particles, that decay in less than a trillionth of a second into neutrinos and either an electron or a muon. He also discovered the antitau, which decays into neutrinos and either a positron or an antimuon....
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Antitheses (work by Marcion)
...between the Law and the Gospel, he refused to identify the God of love revealed in the New Testament with the wrathful Creator God of the Old Testament. He set forth these contrasts in his Antitheses, and his adoption of a reduced New Testament consisting of the Gospel According to Luke and certain Pauline epistles, all purged of presumed Jewish interpolations, had an important......
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antithesis (figure of speech)
a figure of speech in which irreconcilable opposites or strongly contrasting ideas are placed in sharp juxtaposition and sustained tension, as in the saying “Art is long, and Time is fleeting.”...
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antithrombin III (biochemistry)
The biological activity of heparin depends on the presence of antithrombin III, a substance in blood plasma that binds and deactivates serum clotting factors. Heparin is poorly absorbed by the intestine, so it must be given intravenously or subcutaneously. Because of its anticlotting effect, the drug creates a significant risk of excessive bleeding, which may be reversed with protamine, a......
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antithyroglobulin antibody
While not a test of thyroid function, another common procedure is to measure several thyroid antibodies found in serum, namely antithyroid peroxidase antibodies, antithyroglobulin antibodies, and antibodies that act like thyrotropin (called TSH-receptor antibodies). Most patients with Hashimoto disease have high serum concentrations of antithyroid peroxidase and antithyroglobulin antibodies.......
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antithyroid peroxidase antibody
While not a test of thyroid function, another common procedure is to measure several thyroid antibodies found in serum, namely antithyroid peroxidase antibodies, antithyroglobulin antibodies, and antibodies that act like thyrotropin (called TSH-receptor antibodies). Most patients with Hashimoto disease have high serum concentrations of antithyroid peroxidase and antithyroglobulin antibodies.......
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antitoxin
antibody, formed in the body by the introduction of a bacterial poison, or toxin, and capable of neutralizing the toxin. People who have recovered from bacterial illnesses often develop specific antitoxins that confer immunity against recurrence....
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antitragus (anatomy)
...depression, which leads directly to the external auditory canal, or acoustic meatus, is called the concha. It is partly covered by two small projections, the tonguelike tragus in front and the antitragus behind. Above the tragus a prominent ridge, the helix, arises from the floor of the concha and continues as the incurved rim of the upper portion of the auricle. An inner, concentric......
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antitrust law
any law restricting business practices considered unfair or monopolistic. The United States has the longest standing policy of maintaining competition among business enterprises through a variety of laws. The best known is the Sherman Antitrust Act of 1890, which declared illegal “every contract, combination . . . or conspiracy in restraint of trade or commerce.” ...
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antituberculotic drug (biochemistry)
Isoniazid, ethambutol, pyrazinamide, and ethionamide are synthetic chemicals used in treating tuberculosis. Isoniazid, ethionamide, and pyrazinamide are similar in structure to nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD), a coenzyme essential for several physiological processes. Ethambutol prevents the synthesis of mycolic acid, a lipid found in the tubercule bacillus. All these drugs are absorbed......
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antitussive agent (drug)
...liquefy thick mucus (expectorants) and humidification (steam) that soothes the irritated mucous lining. While these treatments are widely prescribed, they have not been proven effective clinically. Cough suppressants are used to reduce unnecessary coughing but should not be employed excessively to subvert the cough’s natural protective mechanism of ridding the airway of secretions and fo...
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Antium (Italy)
town, Roma province, Lazio (Latium) region, Italy, on a peninsula jutting into the Tyrrhenian Sea. Of uncertain origin, it was founded, according to legend, by Anteias, son of the Greek chieftain Odysseus, and the enchantress Circe. It was a stronghold of the Volsci, an ancient people prominent in the 5th century bc, and was ol...
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antiunionism (labour)
At the same time, the New Deal moved to mitigate the market pressures that had driven the antiunionism of American employers. The NIRA legislation, through codes of fair competition, was designed to enable industries to cartelize their depression-ridden markets. The exchange was entirely deliberate—granting representational rights to workers as a price for granting market controls to......
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Antivari (Montenegro)
port in Montenegro, on the Adriatic Sea. It is the country’s principal port and the only maritime outlet for the landlocked republic of Serbia. The current city is known as Novi (“New”) Bar. Stari (“Old”) Bar’s ruins lie farther inland at the base of Mount Rumija. Stari Bar was first mentioned in the 9th century, when it came under the c...
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antivenin (antitoxin)
...Today, antitoxins are used in the treatment of botulism, diphtheria, dysentery, gas gangrene, and tetanus. If the toxin is a venom, the antitoxin formed, or the antiserum containing it, is called an antivenin. See also antiserum....
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antiviral drug (pharmacology)
Viruses are among the most common and widespread causes of infectious diseases. They cause such illnesses as AIDS, influenza, herpes simplex type I (cold sores of the mouth) and type II (genital herpes), shingles, viral hepatitis, encephalitis, infectious mononucleosis, and the common cold. Viruses remain one of the least understood and most difficult of all infectious organisms to control, but......
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antivitamin (chemical compound)
...development in an organism of a deficiency either by dietary deprivation of the vitamin or by administration of a specific antagonist or compound that prevents the normal function of the vitamin (antivitamin) often is the method used. The obvious effects (e.g., night blindness, anemia, dermatitis) of the deficiency are noted. Less obvious effects may be discovered after microscopic......
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ANTK imeni A.N. Tupoleva (Russian design bureau)
Russian aerospace design bureau that is a major producer of civilian passenger airliners and military bombers. As a Soviet agency, it developed the U.S.S.R.’s first commercial jetliner and the world’s first supersonic passenger jet. Headquarters are in Moscow....
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ANTK Tupolev (Russian design bureau)
Russian aerospace design bureau that is a major producer of civilian passenger airliners and military bombers. As a Soviet agency, it developed the U.S.S.R.’s first commercial jetliner and the world’s first supersonic passenger jet. Headquarters are in Moscow....
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antler
...have several sorts of threatening displays. When sharp, potentially lethal horns appeared in early ruminants, intimidating displays rather than combats would doubtless have been favoured. Horns or antlers eventually functioned to maintain head contact during struggles rather than to bruise, slash, or gore. This stylized fighting, in which the competing males interlock horns or antlers and try.....
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Antler orogenic belt (geological region, United States)
...370 million years ago) that affected a linear belt in the Cordilleran Geosyncline, extending from the California–Nevada border northward through the central part of Nevada into Idaho. The term Antler Orogenic Belt, and formerly Manhattan Geanticline, is applied to the deformed rocks produced by this orogeny....
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Antler orogeny (geological event)
a mountain-building event in Late Devonian and Mississippian time (about 340 to 370 million years ago) that affected a linear belt in the Cordilleran Geosyncline, extending from the California–Nevada border northward through the central part of Nevada into Idaho. The term Antler Orogenic Belt, and formerly Manhattan Geanticline, is applied to the deformed rocks produced b...
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antlerite (mineral)
a copper sulfate mineral, Cu3(SO4) (OH)4, that is found in the oxidized zone of copper deposits, particularly in arid regions. At Bisbee, Ariz; Kennicott, Alaska; Sierra Mojada, Coahuila, Mex.; and Chuquicamata, Chile, it is the principal copper ore mineral. For detailed physical properties, see sulfate mineral (table)....
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Antley, Chris (American jockey)
American jockey (b. Jan. 6, 1966, Fort Lauderdale, Fla.—found dead Dec. 2, 2000, Pasadena, Calif.), won a total of 3,480 races in his career, including the Kentucky Derby in 1991 and 1999. Antley quickly established himself as one of the world’s leading jockeys after making his professional debut in 1985; two years later, he became the first jockey ever to win nine races in a single ...
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antlike flower beetle
any of the approximately 1,000 species of the insect family Anthicidae (order Coleoptera). They are usually seen around flowers, foliage, refuse, or dead wood....
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antlion (insect)
any of a group of insects (order Neuroptera) that are named for the predatory nature of the larvae, which trap ants and other small insects in pits dug into the ground. The antlion larva digs a funnel-shaped pit (from 2.5 to 5 cm [1 to 2 inches] deep and 2.5 to 7.5 cm [1 to 3 inches] wide at the edge) by using its oval, sandy-gray abdomen as a plow and heaping the loosened particles on its large s...
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“Antlitz der Erde, Das” (work by Suess)
Suess’s Das Antlitz der Erde (1883–1909; The Face of the Earth), a four-volume treatise on the geologic structure of the entire planet, discusses his theories of the structure and evolution of the lithosphere in greater detail, tracing the ancient changes in the continents and seas necessary to form the modern features of the Earth’s surface. Many of the common t...
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“Antlitz der Zeit” (work by Sander)
...Society exhibition in 1927, Sander showed 60 photographs of “Man in the Twentieth Century,” and two years later he published Antlitz der Zeit (Face of Our Time), the first of what was projected to be a series offering a sociological, pictorial survey of the class structure of Germany....
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Antofagasta (region, Chile)
region, in an extremely arid part of northern Chile, bounded on the east by Bolivia and Argentina and on the west by the Pacific Ocean. Antofagasta (area 48,642 sq mi [125,981 sq km]) is the second largest of Chile’s regions; about 90 percent of its population lives in urban areas, chiefly the capital city of Antofagasta, and in Tocopilla, Calama, and Chuquicamata. Occup...
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Antofagasta (Chile)
city, northern Chile, and a Pacific port on Bahía (bay) Moreno. A Bolivian town until 1879, it occupies a terrace at the base of bleak, arid coastal mountains. Its early growth resulted from the nitrate boom that began in 1866 and from the Caracoles silver discovery of 1870, at which time Antofagasta’s name became official. Supplying the mines and exporting copper ...
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Antofalla (mountain, South America)
Northward, to latitude 18° S, the peaks of El Cóndor, Sierra Nevada, Llullaillaco, Galán, and Antofalla all exceed 19,000 feet. The two main ranges and several volcanic secondary chains enclose depressions called salars because of the deposits of salts they contain; in northwestern Argentina, the Sierra de Calalaste encompasses the large Antofalla Salt Flat. Volcanoes of this....
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Antoine, André (French actor)
actor, theatrical manager, critic, and film director, a pioneer of naturalistic drama who founded the Théâtre-Libre in Paris. His contributions to the development of realism in modern films was only beginning to gain appreciation in the second half of the 20th century....
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Antoine de Bourbon (king of Navarre)
king of Navarre, duke of Vendôme, and father of Henry IV of France....
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Antoine de Busne (French composer)
French composer, best-known for his chansons, which typify the Burgundian style of the second half of the 15th century....
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Antoine de Chabannes (French leader)
...in 1214; he killed himself in prison in 1227. Seized by the king, Dammartin then passed to his son Philip Hurepel and thereafter passed through a number of families, coming finally into the hands of Antoine de Chabannes in 1439. This Antoine de Chabannes (d. 1488), who had already distinguished himself in campaigns with Joan of Arc, later became a leader of the Ecorcheurs and fought against......
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Antoine de Navarre (king of Navarre)
king of Navarre, duke of Vendôme, and father of Henry IV of France....
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Antoine, Jacques-Denis (French architect)
...and Roman-inspired amphitheatre covered by a coffered half dome and lit from a half oculus (a round opening in the top of a dome), was one of the most advanced interiors of its date anywhere; Jacques-Denis Antoine, winner of the competition for the new Mint (Hôtel des Monnaies); and Victor Louis, whose theatre at Bordeaux (1772–80) with its Roman colonnade and vaults set the......
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Antoinette Perry Award (American theatrical award)
In 1947, a year after Perry’s death, the ATW established the annual Antoinette Perry Awards—known as Tony Awards—for distinguished theatrical performance, direction, production, design, composition, and other accomplishments on the New York stage....
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Antokon’ny Kongresin’ny Fahaleovantenan’i Madagasikara (political party, Madagascar)
The opposition regrouped under the name Congress Party for the Independence of Madagascar (Antokon’ny Kongresin’ny Fahaleovantenan’i Madagasikara; AKFM), which included both Protestant Merina dissidents and communists. Antananarivo was the party’s stronghold; it also had some support in the provinces but, owing to the electoral system established by the PSD, held only t...
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Antoku (emperor of Japan)
81st emperor of Japan; his death in the famous naval Battle of Dannoura (1185) on the Inland Sea in western Japan resulted in the loss of the great sword that was one of the Three Imperial Regalia, the symbols of Imperial authority, supposedly brought to earth when the first Japanese emperor descended from heaven....
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Antoku Tennō (emperor of Japan)
81st emperor of Japan; his death in the famous naval Battle of Dannoura (1185) on the Inland Sea in western Japan resulted in the loss of the great sword that was one of the Three Imperial Regalia, the symbols of Imperial authority, supposedly brought to earth when the first Japanese emperor descended from heaven....
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Antologia da Poesia Negra de Expressão Portuguesa (work by Andrade)
Neto was widely recognized as a gifted poet. His work was published in a number of Portuguese and Angolan reviews and was included in Mário de Andrade’s Antologia da Poesia Negra de Expressão Portuguesa (1958)....
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Antología poética (work by Marechal)
...for balance and order in a chaotic world. This theme continued in the “Canciones Elbitences,” love poems addressed to a quintessential woman, Elbiamor. These poems were included in Antología poética (1969)....
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Anton (cartoonists)
...in his office (Whitney Darrow excelled in this genre). André François, who worked for both French and British papers, was a master of the rapidly sketched situation; so was “Anton” of Punch (a man and a woman jointly using the name), who kept up the tradition of satire through clothes, being particularly good at pseudo-Edwardian nattiness. Herb Stansbury...
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Anton Martin Schweigaard (Norwegian politician)
Norwegian jurist and economic reformer who helped bring about Norway’s change to a capitalist economy....
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Anton Reiser (work by Moritz)
German novelist whose most important works are his two autobiographical novels, Andreas Hartknopf (1786) and Anton Reiser, 4 vol. (1785–90). The latter is, with J.W. von Goethe’s Wilhelm Meister, the most mature 18th-century German novel of contemporary life....
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Antona García (work by Tirso de Molina)
...master characters. At times he reaches Shakespearean standards of insight, tragic sublimity, and irony. The same qualities are found in isolated scenes of his historical dramas, for example in Antona García (1635), which is notable for its objective analysis of mob emotion; in La prudencia en la mujer (1634; “Prudence in Woman”), with its modern interpretation...
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Antonelli, Bautista (Italian architect)
Philip II, the king of Spain, commissioned Tiburcio Spanoqui and Bautista Antonelli to design and execute a defensive system that would protect the Spanish fleet. This entailed the building of forts from the coast of Florida to the Strait of Magellan. The first forts would be built in Puerto Rico, Cuba, Veracruz, and Ullua (Mexico), Portobelo (Panama), Santo Domingo (Dominican Republic),......
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Antonelli, Giacomo (Italian cardinal)
cardinal and secretary of state to Pope Pius IX....
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Antonello da Messina (Italian painter)
painter who probably introduced oil painting and Flemish pictorial techniques into mid-15th-century Venetian art. His practice of building form with colour rather than line and shade greatly influenced the subsequent development of Venetian painting....
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Antonescu, Ion (ruler of Romania)
Romanian marshal and statesman who became dictator of the pro-German government during World War II....
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Antónia Peak (mountain, São Tiago Island, Cape Verde)
largest and most populous island of Cape Verde, in the Atlantic Ocean, about 400 miles (640 km) off the West African coast. The land rises to its highest elevation at Antónia Peak, 4,566 feet (1,392 metres) above sea level....
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Antonia’s Line (film by Gorris [1995])
Other Nominees...
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Antonin (French chef)
chef who served the royalty of Europe and wrote several classics of cuisine....
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Antonine Itinerary (Roman road manual)
The only surviving map is the Peutinger Table, a 13th-century copy of a Roman world map. The 4th-century “Antonine Itinerary,” one of the few remaining manuals, provides lists of several thousand geographic names of the entire empire, with estimates of the intervening distances. It has provided the basis for reconstructing the system of Roman roads. The “Ravenna......
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Antonine Wall (Roman wall, Scotland, United Kingdom)
Roman frontier barrier in Britain, extending about 36.5 miles (58.5 km) across Scotland between the River Clyde and the Firth of Forth. The wall was built in the years after ad 142 on the orders of the emperor Antoninus Pius by the Roman army under the command of the governor Lollius Urbicus (Quintus Lollius Urbicus). The wall was of turf on a st...
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Antonines (Roman emperors)
the Roman emperors Antoninus Pius (reigned ad 138–161) and his adopted son and heir, Marcus Aurelius (reigned ad 161–180). The term (which derives from Antoninus’s name) is often extended to include Commodus, son of Marcus Aurelius, joint emperor with his father from 176 to Marcus Aurelius...
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Antonini, Palazzo (palace, Udine, Italy)
...be the ancient Roman style. Two tetrastyle halls with four columns each were placed on opposite sides of a court surrounded by a giant colonnade of Corinthian columns. The third, in 1556, was in the Palazzo Antonini in Udine, which has a square plan with a central four-column tetrastyle hall and the service quarters asymmetrically to one side. The facade has six columns, which are attached to.....
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antoniniani (Roman coin)
...Great Britain in modern times. Moreover, the study of depreciation and debasement of coinage may illuminate past national financial distress. For example, the heavily alloyed 3rd-century-ad Roman antoniniani (coins introduced by the Roman emperor Caracalla, originally having a value of two denarii) tell their tale as clearly as the depreciating paper currency of Germany in and aft...
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Antoninus and Faustina, Temple of (temple, Rome, Italy)
...Flavians and Antonines that Rome obtained many of its most celebrated structures: the Colosseum, Palatine palaces, Trajan’s Forum, the Pantheon, the Castel Sant’ Angelo (Hadrian’s mausoleum), the Temple of Antoninus and Faustina, Aurelius’ Column, as well as the aqueducts whose arches spanned across Campagna to keep the city and its innumerable fountains supplied wit...
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Antoninus Augustus (Roman emperor)
Roman emperor, ruling jointly with his father, Septimius Severus, from 198 to 211 and then alone from 211 until his assassination in 217. His principal achievements were his colossal baths in Rome and his edict of 212, giving Roman citizenship to all free inhabitants of the empire. Caracalla, whose reign contributed to the decay of the empire, has often been regarded as one of the most bloodthirst...
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