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Luxembourg Castle (castle, Luxembourg, Luxembourg)
Over a 400-year period, Luxembourg Castle was repeatedly attacked and rebuilt—by the Spaniards, Austrians, French, and Dutch, successively—to become the strongest fortress in Europe after Gibraltar. One such reinforcement was undertaken by the French military engineer Sébastien Le Prestre de Vauban, who redesigned the city’s defensive fortifications after having orchest...
Luxembourg, Château de (castle, Luxembourg, Luxembourg)
Over a 400-year period, Luxembourg Castle was repeatedly attacked and rebuilt—by the Spaniards, Austrians, French, and Dutch, successively—to become the strongest fortress in Europe after Gibraltar. One such reinforcement was undertaken by the French military engineer Sébastien Le Prestre de Vauban, who redesigned the city’s defensive fortifications after having orchest...
Luxembourg Commission (French history)
...immediate need, an emergency-relief agency called the ateliers nationaux (national workshops) was established. A kind of economic and social council called the Luxembourg Commission was created to study programs of social reform; Blanc was named its president. The principle of universal manhood suffrage was proclaimed—a return to the precedent of 179...
Luxembourg, flag of
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Luxembourg, François-Henri de Montmorency-Bouteville, duc de (French general)
one of King Louis XIV’s most successful generals in the Dutch War (1672–78) and the War of the Grand Alliance (1689–97)....
Luxembourg Gardens (park, Paris, France)
At the top of the hill rising from the river, the boulevard Saint-Michel skirts the Luxembourg Gardens, the remains of the park of Marie de Médicis’ Luxembourg Palace (1616–21), which now houses the French Senate. The gardens are planted with chestnuts and are enhanced with a pond for toy sailboats, a marionette theatre, and statuary....
Luxembourg, Grand Duchy of
country in northwestern Europe. It is one of the world’s smallest countries. It is bordered by Belgium on the west and north, France on the south, and Germany on the northeast and east. Luxembourg has come under the control of many states and ruling houses in its long history, but it has been a separate, if not always autonomous, political unit since the 10th century. The ancient Saxon name...
Luxembourg, Grand-Duché de
country in northwestern Europe. It is one of the world’s smallest countries. It is bordered by Belgium on the west and north, France on the south, and Germany on the northeast and east. Luxembourg has come under the control of many states and ruling houses in its long history, but it has been a separate, if not always autonomous, political unit since the 10th century. The ancient Saxon name...
Luxembourg, history of
History...
Luxembourg, House of (European dynasty)
After a four-year struggle for the throne, in 1310 the Bohemian magnates decided for John of Luxembourg, son of Henry VII, the Holy Roman emperor from 1312. John, who married Elizabeth (Eliška), the second daughter of Wenceslas II, was only 14 when he was named king. He confirmed the freedoms that the Bohemian and Moravian nobles had usurped during the interregnum and pledged not to......
Luxembourg, Maréchal de (French aristocrat)
...When the hospitality of Mme d’Épinay proved to entail much the same social round as that of Paris, Rousseau retreated to a nearby cottage, called Montlouis, under the protection of the Maréchal de Luxembourg. But even this highly placed friend could not save him in 1762 when his treatise on education, Émile, was published and scandalized the pious Jansenists o...
Luxembourg, Musée du (museum, Paris, France)
Museums of modern art, as they are understood today, owe their origins to the Musée du Luxembourg in Paris. Designated by Louis XVIII in 1818 as a venue for the collection and display of the work of living artists, the Musée du Luxembourg acted as a kind of testing ground for recent art to judge its worthiness for admission to the permanent collection of the state. Works acquired......
Luxembourg National Museum (museum, Luxembourg, Luxembourg)
national museum of Luxembourg, located in the historic centre of Luxembourg city at the Fish Market (Marché-aux-Poissons). It is housed in an extensive late Gothic and Renaissance mansion. The museum has collections of Gallo-Roman art, coins, medieval sculpture, armour, and contemporary art, as well as a 25,000-volume library. There is also a special ex...
Luxembourg: Year In Review 1993
Luxembourg is a landlocked constitutional monarchy in western Europe. Area: 2,586 sq km (999 sq mi). Pop. (1993 est.): 392,000. Cap.: Luxembourg. Monetary unit: Luxembourg franc, at par with the Belgian franc, with (Oct. 4, 1993) a free rate of Lux F 35.15 to U.S. $1 (Lux F 53.25 = £ 1 sterling). Grand duke, Jean; prime minister in 1993, Jacques Santer....
Luxembourg: Year In Review 1994
Luxembourg is a landlocked constitutional monarchy in western Europe. Area: 2,586 sq km (999 sq mi). Pop. (1994 est.): 398,000. Cap.: Luxembourg. Monetary unit: Luxembourg franc, at par with the Belgian franc, with (Oct. 7, 1994) a free rate of Lux F 31.70 to U.S. $1 (Lux F 50.42 = £ 1 sterling). Grand duke, Jean; prime minister in 1994, Jacques Santer....
Luxembourg: Year In Review 1995
Luxembourg is a landlocked constitutional monarchy in western Europe. Area: 2,586 sq km (999 sq mi). Pop. (1995 est.): 409,000. Cap.: Luxembourg. Monetary unit: Luxembourg franc, at par with the Belgian franc, with (Oct. 6, 1995) a free rate of Lux F 29.39 to U.S. $1 (Lux F 46.46 = £ 1 sterling). Grand duke, Jean; prime ministers in 1995, Jacques Santer and, from January 20, Jean-Claude Jun...
Luxembourg: Year In Review 1996
Luxembourg is a landlocked constitutional monarchy in western Europe. Area: 2,586 sq km (999 sq mi). Pop. (1996 est.): 415,000. Cap.: Luxembourg. Monetary unit: Luxembourg franc, at par with the Belgian franc, with (Oct. 11, 1996) a free rate of Lux F 31.55 to U.S. $1 (Lux F 49.70 = £ 1 sterling). Grand duke, Jean; prime minister in 1996, Jean-Claude Juncker....
Luxembourg: Year In Review 1997
Area: 2,586 sq km (999 sq mi)...
Luxembourg: Year In Review 1998
Area: 2,586 sq km (999 sq mi)...
Luxembourg: Year In Review 1999
Luxembourg continued to prosper in 1999, with gross domestic product estimated at some $40,000 per capita, giving the grand duchy the highest standard of living among the 15 European Union...
Luxembourg: Year In Review 2000
Luxembourg celebrated a new chief of state as Crown Prince Henri was sworn in as the new grand duke by the parliament on October 7. His father, Grand Duke Jean, formally abdicated at the age of 79 to hand responsibility over to his son. Henri began his official duties on...
Luxembourg: Year In Review 2001
In 2001, his first year as head of state, Grand Duke Henri sought to make his own mark as leader of Luxembourg. In an emotional ceremony on June 21, he presented his father, Grand Duke Jean, with the Croix de la Résistance in honour of his father’s service with the British army during World War II. Then on Octo...
Luxembourg: Year In Review 2002
A bomb threat was called in to local police during a meeting of European Union foreign ministers in the Kirchberg cultural centre in Luxembourg on Oct. 22, 2002. Although no explosives were found during the search, the phone call was traced, and two men were arrested....
Luxembourg: Year In Review 2003
In 2003 Luxembourg actively pursued its commitment to the integration of Europe. Prime Minister Jean-Claude Juncker represented Luxembourg at the European Council meeting held in Brussels on October 16–17. EU foreign ministers met in Luxembourg on October 13 and approved an aid plan for the reconstruction of Iraq. The pledge of €...
Luxembourg: Year In Review 2004
In Luxembourg’s parliamentary elections, held on June 13, 2004, the Christian Social People’s Party again came in first, winning 36.11% of the vote and 24 of the 60 seats in the Chamber of Deputies. The Luxembourg Socialist Workers’ Party captured 14 seats (23.37%), followed by the Democratic Party with 10 seats (16.05%), the Greens (7 s...
Luxembourg: Year In Review 2005
Luxembourg continued to prosper in 2005. In May it was reported that there were 161 banks in the country, with 22,711 employees and total banking assets exceeding $725 billion. There were also 13,569 holding companies, with total capital of €36.4 billion (about $46 billion) established in Luxembourg, and financial services contributed the greatest share (28%) of th...
Luxembourg: Year In Review 2006
Luxembourg’s Grand Duke Henri on Sept. 3, 2006, began a weeklong state visit to China at the invitation of Chinese Pres. Hu Jintao. In addition to exchanging ideas on bilateral relations and international areas of concern, Henri, a member of the International Olympic Committee, toured the Beijing sites for the 2008 Olympic Games. In May Prime Minister Jean-Claude Juncker ...
Luxembourg: Year In Review 2007
The global competitiveness of Luxembourg’s economy, which ranked in ninth place in 2006, rose to third in 2007. While more than 80% of goods produced in Luxembourg were exported to the EU, the country was working actively to diversify its trade internationally. Of particular interest was the Asia-Pacific region. Luxembourg (along with Belgium) reached out to ...
Luxembourg: Year In Review 2008
Luxembourg’s diversified economy continued to provide an extraordinarily high standard of living in 2008, with a GDP per capita ranked second in the world, after Qatar. Although the meltdown in the world’s financial markets was expected to slow the rate of growth of Luxembourg’s economy during the year, its growth was still projected to continue above the European average....
Luxembourg: Year In Review 2009
In legislative elections held in Luxembourg on June 7, 2009, Prime Minister Jean-Claude Juncker’s Christian Social People’s Party secured 26 seats in the 60-seat Chamber of Deputies by winning 38% of the vote. The Luxembourg Socialist Workers’ Party took 13 seats with 21.6% of the vote, followed by the Democratic Party (9), the Greens (7), the ...
Luxembourg: Year In Review 2010
Despite Luxembourg’s economy’s having contracted 3.9% in 2009, the country’s per capita GDP was the highest in the EU in 2010. Only Luxembourg of the 16 euro-zone states had debt levels below EU requirements. “The devil will be in the details,” said Jean-Claude Juncker, Luxembourg’s prime minister and the president of the Eurogrou...
Luxembourgeois language
national language of Luxembourg. Luxembourgish is a Moselle-Franconian dialect of the West Middle German group. This old language has been enriched by many French words and phrases, and the resulting dialect is spoken by all classes of people in Luxembourg. The populatio...
Luxembourger (nationality)
national language of Luxembourg. Luxembourgish is a Moselle-Franconian dialect of the West Middle German group. This old language has been enriched by many French words and phrases, and the resulting dialect is spoken by all classes of people in Luxembourg. The populatio...
Luxembourgian (nationality)
national language of Luxembourg. Luxembourgish is a Moselle-Franconian dialect of the West Middle German group. This old language has been enriched by many French words and phrases, and the resulting dialect is spoken by all classes of people in Luxembourg. The populatio...
Luxembourgian language
national language of Luxembourg. Luxembourgish is a Moselle-Franconian dialect of the West Middle German group. This old language has been enriched by many French words and phrases, and the resulting dialect is spoken by all classes of people in Luxembourg. The populatio...
Luxembourgish language
national language of Luxembourg. Luxembourgish is a Moselle-Franconian dialect of the West Middle German group. This old language has been enriched by many French words and phrases, and the resulting dialect is spoken by all classes of people in Luxembourg. The populatio...
Luxemburg, Grossherzogtum
country in northwestern Europe. It is one of the world’s smallest countries. It is bordered by Belgium on the west and north, France on the south, and Germany on the northeast and east. Luxembourg has come under the control of many states and ruling houses in its long history, but it has been a separate, if not always autonomous, political unit since the 10th century. The ancient Saxon name...
Luxemburg, Rosa (Polish-German revolutionary)
Polish-born German revolutionary and agitator who played a key role in the founding of the Polish Social Democratic Party and the Spartacus League, which grew into the Communist Party of Germany. As a political theoretician Luxemburg developed a humanitarian theory of Marxism, stressing democracy and revolutionary mass action...
Luxemburger (nationality)
Polish-born German revolutionary and agitator who played a key role in the founding of the Polish Social Democratic Party and the Spartacus League, which grew into the Communist Party of Germany. As a political theoretician Luxemburg developed a humanitarian theory of Marxism, stressing democracy and revolutionary mass action...
Luxemburgian language
national language of Luxembourg. Luxembourgish is a Moselle-Franconian dialect of the West Middle German group. This old language has been enriched by many French words and phrases, and the resulting dialect is spoken by all classes of people in Luxembourg. The populatio...
Luxeuil (France)
in calligraphy, the writing of the pre-Carolingian hands of France that were derived from Latin cursive script. Luxeuil, in Burgundy, was a particularly important centre in the development of a Merovingian cursive style during the 7th and 8th centuries. The style of script that developed in northern France at the monastery of Corbie, a daughter house of Luxeuil, is especially noteworthy for......
Luxing (Chinese deity)
in Chinese mythology, one of three stellar gods known collectively as Fulushou. He was honoured as a deity who could make people happy through increased salaries or promotions that brought prosperity (lu)....
Luxing (Chinese scholar)
In life, Luxing was a scholar who bore the name Shi Fen. In the 2nd century bc he was a favourite of Emperor Jing and was made a high official at the royal court. His family prospered through imperial generosity. Perhaps because the Chinese have many gods of wealth and happiness, Luxing is not nearly so widely honoured as is Shouxing, the god of longevity....
Luxor (Egypt)
city and principal component of Al-Uqṣur urban muḥāfaẓah (governorate), Upper Egypt. Luxor has given its name to the southern half of the ruins of the ancient Egyptian city of Thebes. Area governorate, 21 square miles (55 square km). Pop. (2006) governorate, 451,318....
Luxor Obelisk (monument, Paris, France)
...clockwise starting from the Navy Ministry (Ministère de la Marine), the statues symbolize Lille, Strasbourg, Lyon, Marseille, Bordeaux, Nantes, Brest, and Rouen. Louis-Philippe also had the Luxor Obelisk, a gift from Egypt, installed in the centre and flanked by two fountains. Later, the surrounding moat was filled in. King Louis XVI was decapitated on Jan. 21, 1793, near the pedestal......
Luxor, Temple of (monument, Luxor, Egypt)
The original part of the Temple of Luxor consisted of a large peristyle court and a complex of halls and chambers beyond. In one hall is a granite shrine of Alexander the Great. The great peristyle forecourt is surrounded on three sides by a double row of graceful papyrus-cluster columns, their capitals imitating the umbels of the papyrus plant in bud. An entrance flanked by the towers of a......
luxury tax
excise levy on goods or services considered to be luxuries rather than necessities. Modern examples are taxes on jewelry and perfume. Luxury taxes may be levied with the intent of taxing the rich, as in the case of the late 18th- and early 19th-century British taxes on carriages and manservants; or they may be imposed in a deliberate effort to alter consumption patterns, either for moral reasons ...
Luyana (people)
a complex of about 25 peoples of about 6 cultural groups inhabiting western Zambia, the area formerly known as Barotseland in Zambia and speaking Benue-Congo languages of the Niger-Congo family....
Luyia (people)
ethnolinguistic cluster of several acephalous, closely related Bantu-speaking peoples including the Bukusu, Tadjoni, Wanga, Marama, Tsotso, Tiriki, Nyala, Kabras, Hayo, Marachi, Holo, Maragoli, Dakho, Isukha, Kisa, Nyole, and Samia of Western Province, western Kenya. The term Luhya, which is short for Abaluhya (loosely, “those of the same hearth”), was first suggested by a local Afri...
Luyken, Jan (Dutch poet)
Dutch lithographer and poet whose work ranges from hedonistic love songs to introspective religious poetry....
Luynes, Charles d’Albert, duc de (French statesman)
French statesman who, from 1617 to 1621, dominated the government of young King Louis XIII....
Luz (eschatology)
One of the strangest notions to be advanced by rabbinic Judaism—and of relevance to the evolution of the concept of death—was that of the “bone called Luz” (or Judenknöchlein, as it was to be called by early German anatomists). In his Glossa magna in Pentateuchum (ad 210), Rabbi Oshaia had affirmed that there was a bone in the human bo...
Luz (ancient city, Palestine)
ancient city of Palestine, located just north of Jerusalem. Originally called Luz and in modern times Baytin, Bethel was important in Old Testament times and was frequently associated with Abraham and Jacob. Excavations, carried out by the American School of Oriental Research and the Pittsburgh-Xenia Theological Seminary, s...
Luz Foundation (American organization)
...fashion during the 20th century. She launched several product lines, including footwear, clothing, jewelry, lingerie, and environmentally friendly skin care. Bündchen also founded the Luz Foundation, which strives to empower young women both mentally and physically through its sponsorship of various self-esteem-building programs....
Luzán Claramunt, Ignacio de (Spanish writer)
Debates concerning values of the old and the new raged during the century’s middle decades, compelling both sides to initiate new critical approaches to literature. Leaders included Ignacio de Luzán Claramunt, whose work on poetics launched the great Neoclassical polemic in Spain, and Benito Jerónimo Feijóo y Montenegro, a Benedictine monk who assailed error, prejudice,...
Luzancy Bridge (bridge, France)
Freyssinet’s major prestressed works came after the reinforced-concrete Plougastel Bridge and included a series of bridges over the Marne River following World War II. The Luzancy Bridge (1946), with a span of 54 metres (180 feet), demonstrates the lightness and beauty that can be achieved using prestressed concrete for a single-span beam bridge....
Luzbona (Portugal)
city, port, and capital of Portugal, as well as the centre of the Lisbon metropolitan area. Located in western Portugal, it is the westernmost capital city in continental Europe and serves as the country’s chief port, largest city, and commercial, political, and tourist centre. The city’s nam...
Luzel, François-Marie (French writer)
...part of Breton folklore. Breton-speaking scholars doubted the collection’s authenticity, and attacks reached their height when R.-F. Le Men, in a reprinting in about 1870 of Catholicon, and François-Marie Luzel, in a paper delivered in 1872, showed that Barzaz Breiz was not authentic (though scholars during the period often edited such collected material). ......
Luzern (Switzerland)
city, capital of Lucerne canton, central Switzerland, lying on the Reuss River where it issues from the northwestern branch of Lake Lucerne (German: Vierwaldstätter See; French: Lac des Quatre Cantons), southwest of Zürich. The city’s name was derived from the Benedictine monastery of ...
Luzern (canton, Switzerland)
canton, central Switzerland. Lucerne is drained by the Reuss and Kleine Emme rivers and occupies the northern foothills of the Alps, which rise to 7,710 feet (2,350 metres) at the Brienzer Rothorn. Comprising the territories acquired by its capital, the city of Lucerne, it was part of the Helvetic Republic...
Luzerne (county, Pennsylvania, United States)
county, east-central Pennsylvania, U.S., bounded by the Lehigh River to the southeast. It mainly consists of ridge-and-valley topography drained by the Susquehanna River, which bisects the county northeast-southwest. Some other waterways are Harveys and Crystal lakes and Huntsville and Pikes Creek reservoirs. Recreational areas include Frances Slocum, Ricketts...
Luzhkov, Yury (Russian politician)
Russian politician who served as mayor of Moscow (1992–2010). As mayor, he transformed Moscow into the engine of post-Soviet state capitalism....
Luzhkov, Yury Mikhaylovich (Russian politician)
Russian politician who served as mayor of Moscow (1992–2010). As mayor, he transformed Moscow into the engine of post-Soviet state capitalism....
Luzhniki Park (sports facility, Moscow, Russia)
The Luzhniki Park complex is the leading Moscow facility for sports and was one of the main arenas for the 1980 Olympic Games. The Luzhniki Stadium is flanked by a smaller arena, a natatorium, and the indoor Sports Palace. There are many stadiums and swimming pools in the area, including some heated open-air pools that are in use year round. In addition, there are a large number of football......
Luzhou (China)
city and capital of Anhui sheng (province), China. It has been the provincial capital since 1952. Hefei, in central Anhui, is a natural hub of communications, being situated to the north of Chao Lake and standing on a low saddle crossing the northeastern extension of the Dabie Mountains, which form the divide between the...
Luzhou (Sichuan province, China)
city, southern Sichuan sheng (province), China. Luzhou is a river port at the junction of the Yangtze River (Chang Jiang) and the Tuo River. Its communications were further improved during World ...
Luzhou (China)
city in southeastern Shanxi sheng (province), China. It is situated in the Lu’an plain—a basin surrounded by the western highlands of the Taihang Mountains, watered by the upper streams of the Zhuozhang River. It is a communication centre; to the northeast a route and a railway via Licheng, in Shanxi, cross...
Luzi (Chinese religious figure)
in Chinese religion, one of the Baxian, the Eight Immortals of Daoism, who discoursed in his Stork Peak refuge on the three categories of merit and the five grades of genies (spirits). He is depicted in art as a man of letters carrying a magic sword an...
Luzi, Mario (Italian poet and literary critic)
Italian poet and literary critic who emerged from the Hermetic movement to become one of the most notable poets of the 20th century. His complex, meditative verse deals with turbulence and change....
Luzia (region, Germany)
central European territory of the Sorbs (Lusatians, or Wends), called Sorben (or Wenden) by the Germans. Historic Lusatia was centred on the Neisse and upper Spree rivers, in what is now eastern Germany, between the present-day cities of Cottbus (north) and Dresden (south)....
Lužická Nisa (river, Europe)
either of two rivers now in southwestern Poland (until 1945, in Germany). The better-known Nysa Łużycka, or Lusatian Neisse, is the longer (157 miles [252 km]) and more westerly; it forms part of the German-Polish frontier (see Oder–Neisse Line). The Nysa Kłodzka (...
Lužické Hory (mountains, Czech Republic)
mountain group, situated in extreme northern Bohemia, Czech Republic; it is part of the Sudeten mountains (Czech: Sudety). The group extends from the Ještěd ridge in the east (3,320 feet [1,012 m]) to the gorge of the Elbe (Labe) River at Děčín in the west and also into Poland and Germany. Sandstone is the group’s most common constituent rock, but there ar...
Lužnice River (river, Europe)
river in Niederösterreich Bundesland (“federal state”), Austria, and Jihočeský kraj (region), Czech Republic. The Lužnice rises in the Freiwald forest of Austria as the Lainsitz River. It flows n...
Luzon (island, Philippines)
largest and most important island of the Philippines. It is the site of Manila, the nation’s capital and major metropolis, and of Quezon City. Located on the northern part of the Philippine archipelago, it is bounded by the Philippine Sea...
Luzon bushy-tailed cloud rat (rodent)
...of the four Crateromys species have long, soft, thick fur that can be wavy or straight. The long, bushy tail is a unique feature among Old World rats and mice (subfamily Murinae). The Luzon bushy-tailed cloud rat (C. schadenbergi) is fairly common in the mountain forests of northern Luzon, but this is the only island on which it is found. It is the largest of the.....
Luzon shrew rat (rodent)
...is broad and the muzzle short. Nocturnal shrew rats have gray fur, but diurnal species are reddish brown to almost black. The Philippine striped rats (genus Chrotomys) and the blazed Luzon shrew rat (Celaenomys silaceus) have a stripe running down the back. Fur is generally short, dense, and soft. Its texture is either velvety or woolly, although the prickly coat.....
Luzon Strait (strait, Pacific Ocean)
strait extending for more than 200 miles (320 km) between the islands of Taiwan (north) and Luzon, Philippines (south). It connects the South China Sea (west) with the Philippine Sea (east). The strait is a series of channels, dotted with islands in i...
Luzon tree rat (rodent)
All cloud rats belong to the “true” mouse and rat family Muridae within the order Rodentia. They are closely related to Luzon tree rats (Carpomys) and hairy-tailed rats (Batomys), both of which are also endemic to the Philippines....
Luzzatto, Moshe Ḥayyim (Italian-Jewish writer)
Jewish cabalist and writer, one of the founders of modern Hebrew poetry....
Luzzatto, Samuel David (Italian-Jewish scholar)
Jewish writer and scholar....
Lviv (Ukraine)
city, western Ukraine, on the Roztochchya Upland. Founded in the mid-13th century by Prince Daniel Romanovich of Galicia, Lviv has historically been the chief centre of Galicia, a region now divided between Ukraine and Poland. Its position controlling east-west routes and passes across the Carpathians has given it a stormy history. Polish co...
LVMH Moët Hennessy Louis Vuitton SA (French company)
...issue marked the debut of Stefano Tonchi, W’s new editor in chief.) Sally Singer assumed Tonchi’s former role as editor of T: The New York Times Style Magazine. In his five years at LVMH, Tisci had succeeded in reviving the venerable couture house (after a trio of his predecessors had failed), even though the 36-year-old designer’s dramatic gothic signature co...
Lvov (Ukraine)
city, western Ukraine, on the Roztochchya Upland. Founded in the mid-13th century by Prince Daniel Romanovich of Galicia, Lviv has historically been the chief centre of Galicia, a region now divided between Ukraine and Poland. Its position controlling east-west routes and passes across the Carpathians has given it a stormy history. Polish co...
Lvov, Georgy Yevgenyevich, Prince (Russian statesman)
Russian social reformer and statesman who was the first head of the Russian provisional government established during the February Revolution (1917)....
LVT
...types appeared during World War II: the LVT (“landing vehicle, tracked”), a tractor developed for the U.S. Marine Corps, and the “duck” (DUKW), an army-sponsored vehicle. The LVT resembled a tank, whereas the duck moved on rubber tires ashore and was propeller-driven when afloat. An air-cushion machine, such as the British Hovercraft, is not considered an amphibious....
Lwanga, Saint Charles (Ugandan saint)
...under Joseph’s guidance became the next victims. Mwanga, having learned that they had received religious instruction from the page St. Denis Ssebuggwawo, ordered that all the youths be arrested. St. Charles Lwanga, Mukasa’s successor, then secretly baptized those boys who had only been catechumens. The following day they were herded away to the village of Namugongo. Three of them ...
Lwena (people)
Bantu-speaking people of northwestern Zambia and southeastern Angola. In terms of history, language, material culture, and religion, the Luvale are closely related to the Lunda and Ndembu to the northeast, who extend northward into southern Congo (Kinshasa). They are also culturally similar to the Kaonde to the east, and to ...
Lwoff, André (French biologist)
French biologist who contributed to the understanding of lysogeny, in which a bacterial virus, or bacteriophage, infects bacteria and is transmitted to subsequent bacterial generations solely through the cell division of its host. Lwo...
Lwoff, André Michel (French biologist)
French biologist who contributed to the understanding of lysogeny, in which a bacterial virus, or bacteriophage, infects bacteria and is transmitted to subsequent bacterial generations solely through the cell division of its host. Lwo...
Lwoff, André-Michael (French biologist)
French biologist who contributed to the understanding of lysogeny, in which a bacterial virus, or bacteriophage, infects bacteria and is transmitted to subsequent bacterial generations solely through the cell division of its host. Lwo...
Lwoo (people)
people living among several Bantu-speaking peoples in the flat country near Lake Victoria in western Kenya and northern Tanzania. More than three million strong, the Luo constitute the third largest ethnic group in Kenya (about one-tenth of the popul...
Lwów (Ukraine)
city, western Ukraine, on the Roztochchya Upland. Founded in the mid-13th century by Prince Daniel Romanovich of Galicia, Lviv has historically been the chief centre of Galicia, a region now divided between Ukraine and Poland. Its position controlling east-west routes and passes across the Carpathians has given it a stormy history. Polish co...
LWR
As noted above, LWRs are power reactors that are cooled and moderated with ordinary water. There are two basic types: the pressurized-water reactor (PWR) and the boiling-water reactor (BWR). In the first type, high-pressure, high-temperature water removes heat from the core and is then passed to a steam generator. Here the heat of the coolant is transferred to a stream of water in the......
LWT (British company)
In 1982 Birt was appointed director of programs of London Weekend Television (LWT), one of the most profitable companies in British independent television, not least because of its knack of producing light entertainment programs with mass appeal. Despite being more familiar with the more austere end of television output, Birt found little difficulty in developing the lighter side of LWT. It was......
lx (unit of energy measurement)
unit of illumination (see luminous intensity) in the International System of Units (SI). One lux (Latin for “light”) is the amount of illumination provided when one lumen is evenly distributed over an area of one square metre. This is also equivalent to the illumination tha...
LXX (biblical literature)
the earliest extant Greek translation of the Old Testament from the original Hebrew, presumably made for the use of the Jewish community in Egypt when Greek was the lingua franca throughout the region. Analysis of the language has established that the ...
LXX settimane di Daniele e le date Messianiche, Le (work by Borgongini-Duca)
...and presided over by the pope) of Jan. 12, 1953, he was assigned the titular church of Santa Maria in Vallicella. He was named cardinal protector of the Ursuline nuns on May 19, 1953. His Le LXX settimane di Daniele e le date Messianiche (1951; “The Seventy Weeks of Daniel and the Messianic Date”) fixed the date of Jesus Christ’s crucifixion as April 7, ad...
Ly Ban (Vietnamese leader)
founder of the first Vietnamese dynasty mentioned in extant historical records, and Vietnam’s first great champion of independence....
Ly Bi (Vietnamese leader)
founder of the first Vietnamese dynasty mentioned in extant historical records, and Vietnam’s first great champion of independence....
Ly Bon (Vietnamese leader)
founder of the first Vietnamese dynasty mentioned in extant historical records, and Vietnam’s first great champion of independence....