-
least tern (bird)
...hirundo) is about 35 cm (14 inches) long and has a black cap, red legs, and a red bill with a black tip. It breeds throughout northern temperate regions and winters on southern coasts. The least, or little, tern (S. albifrons), under 25 cm (10 inches) long, is the smallest tern. It breeds on sandy coasts and river sandbars in temperate to tropical regions worldwide except South......
-
least upper bound (mathematics)
...of entities of the same or higher type—i.e., self-referencing constructions and definitions. For example, when proving that every bounded nonempty set X of real numbers has a least upper bound a, one proceeds as follows. (For this purpose, it will be convenient to think of a real number, following Dedekind, as a set of rationals that contains all the rationals less.....
-
least weasel (mammal)
The smallest living member of Carnivora is the least weasel (Mustela nivalis), which weighs only 25 grams (0.9 ounce). The largest terrestrial form is the Kodiak bear (Ursus arctos middendorffi), an Alaskan grizzly bear that is even larger than the polar bear (Ursus maritimus). The largest aquatic form is the elephant seal......
-
leather
animal skins and hides that have been treated to preserve them and make them suitable for use....
-
Leather Apron Club (social improvement organization)
As he made money, he concocted a variety of projects for social improvement. In 1727 he organized the Junto, or Leather Apron Club, to debate questions of morals, politics, and natural philosophy and to exchange knowledge of business affairs. The need of Junto members for easier access to books led in 1731 to the organization of the Library......
-
leatherback sea turtle (turtle)
...varies greatly among the seven species; however, commonalities exist in diet and habitat. With some exception, most sea turtles are carnivorous and prefer warm, coastal marine environments. The leatherback sea turtle (Dermochelys coriacea) inhabits pelagic (open ocean) environments. Apparently following the blooms of its jellyfish prey, it moves widely......
-
leatherback turtle (turtle)
...varies greatly among the seven species; however, commonalities exist in diet and habitat. With some exception, most sea turtles are carnivorous and prefer warm, coastal marine environments. The leatherback sea turtle (Dermochelys coriacea) inhabits pelagic (open ocean) environments. Apparently following the blooms of its jellyfish prey, it moves widely......
-
leatherjacket (insect)
...the range crane fly (Tipula simplex), deposits its small black eggs in damp areas. Each egg hatches into a long slender larva, called a leatherjacket because of its tough brown skin. The larvae usually feed on decaying plant tissue; some species are carnivorous, and others damage the roots of cereal and grass crops. The larvae feed.....
-
leatherleaf (plant)
(Chamaedaphne calyculata), evergreen shrub of the heath family (Ericaceae). The name is also sometimes applied to a stiff-leaved fern....
-
leatherneck (United States military)
...collar, is well known. From the standing collar—descended from the tall leather neckpiece of the 18th- and 19th-century uniform—comes the traditional nickname for Marines of “leathernecks.” The forest-green service uniform was introduced in 1912. In naval formations, Marines have the privilege of forming on the right of line or at the head of column, the traditional....
-
Leatherstocking (literary character)
...Templeton, along with many other lightly disguised inhabitants of James’s boyhood village. No known prototype exists, however, for the novel’s principal character—the former wilderness scout Natty Bumppo, alias Leatherstocking. The Leatherstocking of The Pioneers is an aged man, of rough but sterling character, who ineffectually opposes “the ...
-
“Leatherstocking” tales (works by Cooper)
The first of the renowned “Leatherstocking” tales, The Pioneers (1823), followed and adhered to the successful formula of The Spy, reproducing its basic thematic conflicts and utilizing family traditions once again. In The Pioneers, however, the traditions were those of William Cooper of Cooperstown, who......
-
Léaud, Jean-Pierre (French actor)
French screen actor who played leading roles in some of the most important French New Wave films of the 1960s and ’70s, particularly ones by François Truffaut....
-
Leave Her to Heaven (film by Stahl [1945])
...Screenplay: Richard Schweizer for Marie-LouiseCinematography, Black-and-White: Harry Stradling for The Picture of Dorian GrayCinematography, Color: Leon Shamroy for Leave Her to HeavenArt Direction, Black-and-White: Wiard Ihnen for Blood on the SunArt Direction, Color: Hans Dreier and Ernst Fegte for......
-
leavening (cooking process)
Many bakery products depend on the evolution of gas from added chemical reactants as their leavening source. Items produced by this system include layer cakes, cookies, muffins, biscuits, corn bread, and some doughnuts....
-
leavening agent (baking)
substance causing expansion of doughs and batters by the release of gases within such mixtures, producing baked products with porous structure. Such agents include air, steam, yeast, baking powder, and baking soda....
-
Leavenworth (Kansas, United States)
city, seat (1855) of Leavenworth county, northeastern Kansas, U.S. It lies on the Missouri River. First settled as Fort Leavenworth in 1827 by Colonel Henry H. Leavenworth to protect travelers on the Santa Fe and Oregon trails, the town was organized and laid out in 1854. The following year Leavenworth became the first inc...
-
Leavenworth, Fort (fort, Kansas, United States)
...is now a trading centre for a diversified farming area; industries include steel and iron plants and the manufacture of paper and food products. It is the seat of St. Mary College (1923). Fort Leavenworth, 3 miles (5 km) north, includes the U.S. Army Command and General Staff College, a national cemetery, and a museum. Leavenworth has long been associated with prisons, and indeed the......
-
Leaves from the Notebook of a Tamed Cynic (work by Niebuhr)
...industry before labour was protected by unions and by social legislation—caused him to become a radical critic of capitalism and an advocate of socialism. His Leaves from the Notebook of a Tamed Cynic (1929) is an account of his years in Detroit. Niebuhr left the pastoral ministry in 1928 to teach......
-
Leaves of Grass (work by Whitman)
...in the splendour of the common man. Inspired by the Romantic concept of a poet as prophet and also by the Transcendental philosophy of Emerson, Whitman in 1855 published the first edition of Leaves of Grass. As years passed, nine revised and expanded editions of this work were published. This autobiography in verse was intended to show the ideas, beliefs, emotions, and experiences....
-
Leaving (play by Havel)
Havel’s first new play in more than 20 years, Odcházení (Leaving)—a tragicomedy that draws on his experiences as president and presents a chancellor leaving his post while grappling with a political enemy—premiered in 2008....
-
Leaving Las Vegas (film by Figgis [1995])
...
-
Leavis, F. R. (British critic)
English literary critic who championed seriousness and moral depth in literature and criticized what he considered the amateur belletrism of his time....
-
Leavis, Frank Raymond (British critic)
English literary critic who championed seriousness and moral depth in literature and criticized what he considered the amateur belletrism of his time....
-
Leavitt, David (American author)
...considered strange or even deviant shaped much new writing, from the comic obsessive novels of Nicholson Baker through the work of those short-story writers and novelists, including Edmund White and David Leavitt, who have made art out of previously repressed and unnarrated areas of homoerotic experience. Literature is above all the narrative medium of the arts, the one that still best relates....
-
Leavitt, Henrietta Swan (American astronomer)
American astronomer known for her discovery of the relationship between period and luminosity in Cepheid variables, pulsating stars that vary regularly in brightness in periods ranging from a few days to several months....
-
Leavitt, Sam (American cinematographer)
American astronomer known for her discovery of the relationship between period and luminosity in Cepheid variables, pulsating stars that vary regularly in brightness in periods ranging from a few days to several months.......
-
Lebachia (fossil plant genus)
a genus of extinct cone-bearing plants known from fossils of the Late Carboniferous and Early Permian epochs (from about 320 to 258 million years ago). Lebachia and related genera in the family Lebachiaceae, order Coniferales (sometimes family Voltziaceae, order Voltziales), appear to be among the immediate ancestors of all extant conifers except the yews. A tree of uncertain size with pin...
-
Lebanese Civil War (Lebanese history)
The experiment in state building started by Chehab and continued by Hélou came to an end with the election of Suleiman Franjieh to the presidency in August 1970. Franjieh, a traditional Maronite clan leader from the Zghartā region of northern Lebanon, proved unable to shield the state from the conflicting forces lining up against it. The dramatic increase in social and political......
-
Lebanese Forces (Lebanese military unit)
...division between the two sides of the city became complete. In East Beirut, order continued to be maintained until 1990 by the army, working in cooperation with the unified Christian militia of the Lebanese Forces (LF). In West Beirut, however, the situation drifted to near total anarchy, as the different Muslim militias repeatedly clashed with one another in the streets to settle sectarian or....
-
Lebanese National Pact (Lebanese history)
Power-sharing arrangement established in 1943 between Lebanese Christians and Muslims whereby the president is always a Christian and the prime minister a Sunnite Muslim. The speaker of the National Assembly must be a Shīʿite Muslim. Amendments made following the Lebanese Civil War transferred many presidential...
-
Lebanon (Pennsylvania, United States)
city, seat (1813) of Lebanon county, southeastern Pennsylvania, U.S., in the Lebanon Valley, 23 miles (37 km) east of Harrisburg. Settled by immigrant Germans in the 1720s, it was laid out (c. 1750) by George Steitz and was first called Steitztown. Later it was renamed for the biblical Lebanon. Its location near the famous Cornwall ore mines and other ...
-
Lebanon (Connecticut, United States)
town (township), New London county, east-central Connecticut, U.S. Settled in 1695 and incorporated in 1700, its name was inspired by a nearby cedar forest that suggested the biblical cedars of Lebanon. In colonial times the town was on the most direct road between New York City and Boston. The home of Jon...
-
Lebanon (New Hampshire, United States)
city, Grafton county, western New Hampshire, U.S., on the Mascoma River near its junction with the Connecticut River, just south of Hanover. Founded in 1761 by settlers from Connecticut, the town grew slowly until the arrival (1848) of the railroad brought industrial development. Manufac...
-
Lebanon (county, Pennsylvania, United States)
county, southeastern Pennsylvania, U.S., located midway between the cities of Harrisburg and Reading. It consists of a central plain that rises to low hills in the south and to Blue Mountain in the north. The county is drained by Swatara, Stony, Little Swatara, Quittapahilla, Tulpehocken, Conewago, and Hammer creeks. Located in the northern ...
-
Lebanon (Tennessee, United States)
city, seat of Wilson county, north-central Tennessee, U.S., about 30 miles (50 km) east of Nashville and about 5 miles (10 km) south of the Cumberland River. Established in 1802 on an overland stagecoach route, it was named for the biblical Lebanon, which had a profusion of cedar trees, because the area’s stands of juniper were mistak...
-
Lebanon (Missouri, United States)
city, seat (1849) of Laclede county, south-central Missouri, U.S., in the Ozark Mountains about 50 miles (80 km) northeast of Springfield. Founded about 1849, it was originally called Wyota for the Native Americans who had populated the area, then renamed for Lebanon, Tenn. During the ...
-
Lebanon (Ohio, United States)
city, seat (1849) of Laclede county, south-central Missouri, U.S., in the Ozark Mountains about 50 miles (80 km) northeast of Springfield. Founded about 1849, it was originally called Wyota for the Native Americans who had populated the area, then renamed for Lebanon, Tenn. During the ......
-
Lebanon
Country, Middle East, southwestern Asia, on the eastern shore of the Mediterranean Sea....
-
Lebanon, cedar of (plant)
The Atlas cedar (C. atlantica), the Cyprus cedar (C. brevifolia), the deodar (C. deodara), and the cedar of Lebanon (C. libani) are the true cedars. They are tall trees with large trunks and massive, irregular heads of spreading branches. Young trees are covered with smooth, dark-gray bark that becomes brown, fissured, and scaly with age. The needlelike, three-sided,......
-
Lebanon, flag of
...
-
Lebanon, history of
History...
-
Lebanon, Mount (mountain range, Lebanon)
mountain range, extending almost the entire length of Lebanon, paralleling the Mediterranean coast for about 150 mi (240 km), with northern outliers extending into Syria....
-
Lebanon Mountains (mountain range, Lebanon)
mountain range, extending almost the entire length of Lebanon, paralleling the Mediterranean coast for about 150 mi (240 km), with northern outliers extending into Syria....
-
Lebanon, Republic of
Country, Middle East, southwestern Asia, on the eastern shore of the Mediterranean Sea....
-
Lebanon stonecress (plant)
...plants for their narrow leaves and four-petaled pink, lilac, or white flowers. Persian stonecress (A. grandiflorum), a perennial with rosy-lavender flowers, grows to over 30 cm (1 foot). Lebanon stonecress (A. cordifolium) has rose-pink flowers on 10- to 25-cm (4- to 10-inch) plants....
-
Lebanov, Ivan (Bulgarian skier)
...of one of figure skating’s stars, Irina Rodnina (U.S.S.R.), who won her third consecutive title in the pairs competition. Cross-country skier Nikolay Zimyatov (U.S.S.R.) won three gold medals, and Ivan Lebanov brought home Bulgaria’s first Winter Olympic medal, a bronze in the 30-km race....
-
“Lebar na Núachongbála” (ancient Irish literature)
compilation of Irish verse and prose from older manuscripts and oral tradition and from 12th- and 13th-century religious and secular sources. It was tentatively identified in 1907 and finally in 1954 as the Lebar na Núachongbála (“The Book of Noughval”), which was thought lost; thus it is n...
-
LeBaron, William (American film producer)
...
-
Lebbaeus (Apostle)
one of the original Twelve Apostles. He is distinguished in John 14:22 as “not Iscariot” to avoid identification with the betrayer of Jesus, Judas Iscariot. Listed in Luke 6:16 and Acts 1:13 as “Judas of James,” some Biblical versions (e.g., Revised Standard and New English) interpret this ...
-
Lebed, Aleksandr Ivanovich (Russian politician)
Soviet general and politician (b. April 20, 1950, Novocherkassk, near Rostov, Russian S.F.S.R., U.S.S.R.—d. April 28, 2002, Abakan, Russia), was a decorated military hero who made headlines in 1991 when he refused to lead troops against Russian Pres. Boris Yeltsin in the aborted coup against Soviet Pres. Mikhail Gorbachev; in 1996 he unsuccessfully ran against Yeltsin in the Russian Federat...
-
Lebedev, Pyotr Nikolayevich (Russian physicist)
Russian physicist who experimentally proved that light exerts a mechanical pressure on material bodies....
-
Lebedev, Sergey Vasilyevich (Russian chemist)
Russian chemist who developed a method for industrial production of synthetic rubber....
-
Lebediny stan (work of Tsvetayeva)
...Sergei Efron, was an officer in the White counterrevolutionary army), and many of her verses written at this time glorify the anti-Bolshevik resistance. Among these is the remarkable cycle Lebediny stan (“The Swans’ Camp,” composed 1917–21, but not published until 1957 in Munich), a moving lyrical chronicle of the Civil War viewed through the eyes and emotions...
-
“Leben der Anderen, Das” (film by Henckel von Donnersmarck [2206])
...Sergei Efron, was an officer in the White counterrevolutionary army), and many of her verses written at this time glorify the anti-Bolshevik resistance. Among these is the remarkable cycle Lebediny stan (“The Swans’ Camp,” composed 1917–21, but not published until 1957 in Munich), a moving lyrical chronicle of the Civil War viewed through the eyes and emotions...
-
Leben der schwedischen Gräfin von G, Das (work by Gellert)
...Glory of God in Nature”), were later set to music by Beethoven and still appear in hymnbooks. Gellert also wrote a sentimental novel, Das Leben der schwedischen Gräfin von G (1748; “The Life of the Swedish Countess of G”), which combined the late 17th-century novel of exotic adventure with the character no...
-
“Leben Jesu kritisch bearbeitet, Das” (work by Strauss)
...to the origins of Christianity by David Friedrich Strauss (1808–74), who published in 1835, at the age of 27, a remarkable and influential three-volume work, Das Leben Jesu (The Life of Jesus, Critically Examined, 1846). Relying largely on internal inconsistencies in the Synoptic Gospels, Strauss undertook to......
-
Lebensboym, Rosa (American poet)
Anna Margolin (pseudonym of Rosa Lebensboym) moved to Odessa, Warsaw, and, finally, New York City. She began publishing poems in 1920 and collected the volume of her Lider (Poems) in 1929. Her themes and use of rhyme associate her with poets of Di Yunge, but in other respects she has more in common with the Introspectivists. Margolin’s lyric...
-
Lebensläufe nach aufsteigender Linie (work by Hippel)
The influence of the author Laurence Sterne can be seen in his largely autobiographical novel Lebensläufe nach aufsteigender Linie (1778–81; “Careers in an Ascending Line”), which contains elements both of pietism (in its melancholy contemplations of death and morality) and of rationalism. His second novel,.....
-
Lebensohn, A. D. (Russian-Jewish author)
...Levinsohn in the Ukraine and with Mordecai Aaron Ginzberg (Günzburg), in Lithuania. In the 1820s an orthodox reaction set in, coinciding with the rise of a Romanticist Hebrew school of writers. A.D. Lebensohn wrote fervent love songs to the Hebrew language, and his son Micah Judah, the most gifted poet of the Haskala period, wrote biblical romances and pantheistic nature lyrics. The firs...
-
Lebensohn, Micah Joseph (Russian-Jewish author)
...Levinsohn in the Ukraine and with Mordecai Aaron Ginzberg (Günzburg), in Lithuania. In the 1820s an orthodox reaction set in, coinciding with the rise of a Romanticist Hebrew school of writers. A.D. Lebensohn wrote fervent love songs to the Hebrew language, and his son Micah Judah, the most gifted poet of the Haskala period, wrote biblical romances and pantheistic nature lyrics. The firs...
-
Lebensohn, Micah Judah (Russian-Jewish writer)
...Lithuania. In the 1820s an orthodox reaction set in, coinciding with the rise of a Romanticist Hebrew school of writers. A.D. Lebensohn wrote fervent love songs to the Hebrew language, and his son Micah Judah, the most gifted poet of the Haskala period, wrote biblical romances and pantheistic nature lyrics. The first Hebrew novel, Ahavat Ziyyon (1853; “The Love of Zion”), b...
-
Lebensohn, Mikhal (Russian-Jewish author)
...Levinsohn in the Ukraine and with Mordecai Aaron Ginzberg (Günzburg), in Lithuania. In the 1820s an orthodox reaction set in, coinciding with the rise of a Romanticist Hebrew school of writers. A.D. Lebensohn wrote fervent love songs to the Hebrew language, and his son Micah Judah, the most gifted poet of the Haskala period, wrote biblical romances and pantheistic nature lyrics. The firs...
-
Lebensphilosophie (philosophic school)
In Germany the corresponding school, known as Lebensphilosophie (“philosophy of life”), began to take on aspects of a political ideology in the years immediately preceding World War I. The work of Hans Driesch and Ludwig Klages, for......
-
Lebensraum (geopolitical concept)
...and into German cultural and economic life. As for Germany’s position in international affairs, Hitler had long spoken of Germany’s need for additional living space (Lebensraum) in the east. First, however, there was the continued need to break the chains of the hated Treaty of Versailles....
-
Lebenswelt (philosophy)
in Phenomenology, the world as immediately or directly experienced in the subjectivity of everyday life, as sharply distinguished from the objective “worlds” of the sciences, which employ the methods of the mathematical sciences of nature; although these sciences originate in the life-world, they are not those of everyday life. The life-world includes individual, s...
-
Leber hereditary optic neuropathy (pathology)
...are such disorders that result from triplet repeat expansions within or near specific genes (e.g., Huntington disease and fragile-X syndrome); a collection of neurodegenerative disorders, such as Leber hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON), that result from inherited mutations in the mitochondrial DNA; and diseases that result from mutations in imprinted genes (e.g., Angelman syndrome and......
-
Leberecht, Peter (German writer)
versatile and prolific writer and critic of the early Romantic movement in Germany. He was a born storyteller, and his best work has the quality of a Märchen (fairy tale) that appeals to the emotions rather than the intellect....
-
Leber’s disease (pathology)
...are such disorders that result from triplet repeat expansions within or near specific genes (e.g., Huntington disease and fragile-X syndrome); a collection of neurodegenerative disorders, such as Leber hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON), that result from inherited mutations in the mitochondrial DNA; and diseases that result from mutations in imprinted genes (e.g., Angelman syndrome and......
-
Lebesgue, Henri-Léon (French mathematician)
French mathematician whose generalization of the Riemann integral revolutionized the field of integration....
-
Lebesgue integral (mathematics)
way of extending the concept of area inside a curve to include functions that do not have graphs representable pictorially. The graph of a function is defined as the set of all pairs of x- and y-values of the function. A graph can be represented pictorially if the function is piecewise continuous, which means that the interval over which it is defined can be divided into subintervals...
-
Lebesgue measurable set (mathematics)
...σ-field containing all the intervals and a unique probability defined on this σ-field for which the probability of an interval is its length. The σ-field is called the class of Lebesgue-measurable sets, and the probability is called the Lebesgue measure, after the French mathematician and principal architect of measure theory, Henri-Léon Lebesgue....
-
Lebesgue measure (mathematics)
...measure of the real numbers—in other words, “almost all” real numbers are irrational numbers. The concept of measure based on countably infinite collections of rectangles is called Lebesgue measure....
-
Lebiasinidae (fish family)
...large canine teeth; carnivorous. Food fishes. Size to 100 cm (40 inches), 55 kg (120 pounds). Africa. 1 species (Hepsetus odoe).Family Lebiasinidae (pencil fishes)Lateral line and adipose fin usually absent. Small to moderate-sized predators. South and Central America. 7 genera, 61......
-
Lebistes reticulatus (fish)
(Poecilia reticulata or Lebistes reticulatus), colourful, live-bearing freshwater fish of the family Poeciliidae, popular as a pet in home aquariums. The guppy is hardy, energetic, easily kept, and prolific. The male guppy, much the brighter coloured of the sexes, grows to about 4 centimetre...
-
“Lebje i Sióra” (work by Niemcewicz)
...publishing Śpiewy historyczne (1816; “Historical Songs”), a series of simple song poems that became very popular, and Lebje i Sióra (1821; Levi and Sarah, or, The Jewish Lovers: A Polish Tale), the first Polish novel to discuss the problems of Jews in Polish society. In 1831 he journeyed to England to attempt to persuade the......
-
Leblanc, Maurice (French author)
French author and journalist, known as the creator of Arsène Lupin, French gentleman-thief turned detective, who is featured in more than 60 of Leblanc’s crime novels and short stories....
-
Leblanc, Nicolas (French chemist)
French surgeon and chemist who in 1790 developed the process for making soda ash (sodium carbonate) from common salt (sodium chloride). This process, which bears his name, became one of the most important industrial-chemical processes of the 19th centu...
-
Leblanc process (chemical process)
French surgeon and chemist who in 1790 developed the process for making soda ash (sodium carbonate) from common salt (sodium chloride). This process, which bears his name, became one of the most important industrial-chemical processes of the 19th century....
-
Lebna Denegel (Solomonid king of Ethiopia)
...Christians. Aḥmad drilled his men in modern Ottomon tactics and led them on a jihad, or holy war, against Ethiopia, quickly taking areas on the periphery of Solomonic rule. In 1528 Emperor Lebna Denegel was defeated at the battle of Shimbra Kure, and the Muslims pushed northward into the central highlands, destroying settlements, churches, and monasteries. In 1541 the Portuguese, whose.....
-
Leboeuf, Edmond (French general)
French general who was marshal of the Second Empire and minister of war in the crucial period at the opening of the Franco-German War....
-
Lebombo Mountains (mountains, Africa)
long, narrow mountain range in South Africa, Swaziland, and Mozambique, southeastern Africa. It is about 500 miles (800 km) long and consists of volcanic rocks. The name is deriv...
-
Lebon, Philippe (French scientist)
French engineer and chemist, inventor of illuminating gas....
-
“Lebor na h-Uidre” (Irish literature)
oldest surviving miscellaneous manuscript in Irish literature, so called because the original vellum upon which it was written was supposedly taken from the hide of the famous cow of St. Ciarán of Clonmacnoise. Compiled about 1100 by learned Irish monks at the monastery of Clonmacnoise from older manuscripts and ...
-
LeBow, Bennett S. (American businessman)
On March 20, 1997, the Liggett Group, the fifth largest tobacco company in the United States, took an unprecedented step in the controversy over the dangers of smoking. Bennett S. LeBow, chairman, president, and CEO of Liggett’s owner, Brooke Group Ltd., admitted in a settlement with 22 states that cigarette smoking is addictive and causes cancer....
-
Lebow, Fred (American sports figure)
(FISCHL LEBOWITZ), Romanian-born sports figure (b. June 3, 1932, Arad, Rom.--d. Oct. 9, 1994, New York, N.Y.), was a visionary and ambitious organizer who built the New York City Marathon--the first such race of its kind--from a small contest with limited appeal to a premier event, attracting thousands of international participants. Lebow, an Orthodox Jew, immigrated to the U.S. during the 1960s. ...
-
Lebowa (historical region, South Africa)
former nonindependent Bantustan that was in northern Transvaal, South Africa. It comprised two major and several minor exclaves (detached portions). Lebowa was designated by the South African government as the national territory for the northern ...
-
Lebowa National Party (political party, South Africa)
...Political parties became defined soon after the first election, held in 1973. The Lebowa People’s Party, under Chief Minister C.N. Phatudi, controlled the legislative assembly, while the Lebowa National Party, led by M.M. Matlala, constituted the opposition. By 1978, Lebowa was the actual residence of more than half of South Africa’s northern Sotho people, all of whom were legally...
-
Lebowa People’s Party (political party, South Africa)
...in 1962, was replaced by a legislative assembly in 1971. The following year Lebowa was granted self-government. Political parties became defined soon after the first election, held in 1973. The Lebowa People’s Party, under Chief Minister C.N. Phatudi, controlled the legislative assembly, while the Lebowa National Party, led by M.M. Matlala, constituted the opposition. By 1978, Lebowa was...
-
Lebowakgomo (South Africa)
town, Limpopo province, South Africa. It was the capital of Lebowa, a former nonindependent Bantustan. Lebowakgomo lies southeast of Polokwane. The town, established in 1974 with a population of only 115 inhabitants, was enlarged and developed in the early 1980s. The commercial establishments included bake...
-
Lebowitz, Fischl (American sports figure)
(FISCHL LEBOWITZ), Romanian-born sports figure (b. June 3, 1932, Arad, Rom.--d. Oct. 9, 1994, New York, N.Y.), was a visionary and ambitious organizer who built the New York City Marathon--the first such race of its kind--from a small contest with limited appeal to a premier event, attracting thousands of international participants. Lebow, an Orthodox Jew, immigrated to the U.S. during the 1960s. ...
-
Leboyer (childbirth)
Some of the natural childbirth methods that have developed from the Dick-Read method include those of Fernand Lamaze, Elizabeth Bing, Robert Bradley, and Charles Leboyer. Although there are differences among their methods, all share the basic belief that if the prospective mother learns and practices techniques of physical and psychological conditioning, her discomfort during delivery will be......
-
lebrel del cielo, El (work by Benavente y Martínez)
...writer Lope de Vega. With the exception, however, of the harsh tragedy La infanzona (1948; “The Ancient Noblewoman”) and El lebrel del cielo (1952), inspired by Francis Thompson’s poem “Hound of Heaven,” Benavente’s later works did not add much to his fame....
-
Lebrija (Spain)
city, Sevilla provincia (province), in the Andalusia comunidad autónoma (autonomous community), southwestern Spain. It is located south of the city of Sevilla in the lower basin of the Guadalquivir River...
-
Lebrun, Albert (president of France)
14th and last president (1932–40) of France’s Third Republic. During the first year of World War II, he sought to preserve French unity in the face of internal political dissension and the German military threat, but he failed to provide effective leadership....
-
Lebrun, Charles (French painter)
painter and designer who became the arbiter of artistic production in France during the last half of the 17th century. Possessing both technical facility and the capacity to organize and carry out many vast projects, Le Brun personally created or supervised the production of most of the paintings, sculptures, and decorative objects commissioned by the French government for three decades during the...
-
Lebrun, Charles-François, duc de Plaisance, prince de l’Empire (French politician)
French politician who served as third consul from 1799 to 1804, as treasurer of Napoleon’s empire from 1804 to 1814, and as governor-general of Holland from 1811 to 1813....
-
Lebu (Chile)
city, south-central Chile. It lies on the Pacific coast at the mouth of the Lebu River. Founded in 1739 but destroyed several times by Araucanian Indians, it became a provincial capital in 1875 and now serves an agricultural and mining hinterland....
-
Lebu (people)
The indigenous inhabitants of the peninsula, the Lebu, lived as fishermen and farmers. Since about 1444, when the Portuguese first sighted the cape, it has been an entrepôt for African-European trade. The French later established the city of Dakar on the cape in 1857....
-
Lebuinus, Saint (Christian saint)
...on the IJssel River at the west end of the Overijssel Canal. Deventer developed in the 8th century around a chapel established by St. Lebuinus. During the Middle Ages it prospered as a member of the Hanseatic League, had a monopoly of the dried-cod trade, and was noted for its......
We welcome your comments. Any revisions or updates suggested for this article will be reviewed by our editorial staff.
Contact us here.