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Lenica, Jan (Polish animator)
...(1954) was Poland’s first animated film, and their Changing of the Guard (1956) employed the stop-action gimmick of animated matchboxes. The collaborative efforts of Jan Lenica and Walerian Borowczyk foresaw the bleak themes and absurdist trends of the Polish school of the 1960s; such films as Był sobie raz… (1957; ......
Lenihan, Brian (Irish politician)
Irish politician (b. Nov. 17, 1930, Dundalk, County Louth, Ireland--d. Nov. 1, 1995, Dublin, Ireland), was a leading member of the Fianna Fail party for more than 30 years, notably while serving as Ireland’s deputy prime minister (1987-90) and a...
Lenin (ship)
world’s first nuclear-powered surface ship, a large icebreaker built by the Soviet Union in Leningrad (St. Petersburg) in 1957. The Lenin is 440 feet (134 m) long, displaces 16,000 tons, and cruises in normal waters at 18 knots (nautical miles per hour). It is powered by three ...
Lenin Atyndagy Choku (mountain, Central Asia)
highest summit (23,406 feet [7,134 metres]) of the Trans-Alai Range on the frontier of Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan. Once thought to be the highest mountain in what was then the Soviet Union, Lenin Peak was relegated to third place by the discovery in 1932–33 that Stalin Peak (after 1962 called Communi...
Lenin Library (library, Moscow, Russia)
national library of Russia, located in Moscow, notable for its extensive collection of early printed books and a collection of manuscripts that includes ancient Slavonic codices. Originally founded in 1862 as the library of the Rumyantsev Museum, it was reorganized after the Russian Revoluti...
Lenin Mausoleum (mausoleum, Moscow, Russia)
...dynamic Makhorka (Tobacco) Pavilion, which became the exhibition’s main attraction. This work resulted in many commissions, one of the foremost of which was for Vladimir Lenin’s sarcophagus in the Lenin Mausoleum. Melnikov’s design was in the form of a glass crystal pyramid (1924)....
Lenin, Order of (Soviet award)
highest civilian award of the U.S.S.R. It was established in 1930 by the Central Executive Committee of the Soviet Union and awarded to individuals, collectives, institutions, or organizations for outstanding achievements in research, art, technology, or economics or for the solution of tasks vital to the state. The order ha...
Lenin Peak (mountain, Central Asia)
highest summit (23,406 feet [7,134 metres]) of the Trans-Alai Range on the frontier of Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan. Once thought to be the highest mountain in what was then the Soviet Union, Lenin Peak was relegated to third place by the discovery in 1932–33 that Stalin Peak (after 1962 called Communi...
Lenin, Vladimir Ilich (prime minister of Union of Soviet Socialist Republics)
founder of the Russian Communist Party (Bolsheviks), inspirer and leader of the Bolshevik Revolution (1917), and the architect, builder, and first head (1917–24) of the Soviet state. He was the founder of the organization known as Comintern (Communist International) and the posthu...
Lenina, Pik (mountain, Central Asia)
highest summit (23,406 feet [7,134 metres]) of the Trans-Alai Range on the frontier of Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan. Once thought to be the highest mountain in what was then the Soviet Union, Lenin Peak was relegated to third place by the discovery in 1932–33 that Stalin Peak (after 1962 called Communi...
Leninabad (Tajikistan)
city, northwestern Tajikistan. The city lies along both banks of the Syr Darya (river) at the entrance to the fertile and heavily populated Fergana Valley. One of the most ancient cities of ...
Leninakan (Armenia)
city, western Armenia. It is believed to have been founded by the Greeks in 401 bc, but it did not have a continuous existence. A fortress was constructed on the site by the Russians in 1837, and in 1840 the town of Alexandropol was founded nearby. Alexandropol was a trading and administrative centre but subsequently underwent ...
Leningrad (Russia)
city and port, extreme northwestern Russia. A major historical and cultural centre and an important port, it lies about 400 miles (640 km) northwest of Moscow and only about 7° south of the Arctic Circle....
Leningrad (oblast, Russia)
oblast (province), northwestern Russia. It comprises all the Karelian Isthmus and the southern shore of the Gulf of Finland as far west as Narva. It extends eastward along the southern shore of Lake Ladoga and the Svir River as far as Lake Onega...
Leningrad A.A. Zhdanov State University (university, Saint Petersburg, Russia)
coeducational state institution of higher learning in St. Petersburg, founded in 1819 as the University of St. Petersburg. During World War II the university was evacuated to Saratov. The university’s buildings were severely damaged during the Sie...
Leningrad Affair (Soviet history)
(1948–50), in the history of the Soviet Union, a sudden and sweeping purge of Communist Party and government officials in Leningrad and the surrounding region. The purge occurred several months after the sudden death of Andrey A. Zhdanov (Aug. 31, 1948), who had been the Leningrad party boss as well as one of Joseph Stalin’s m...
Leningrad Codex of the Latter Prophets
The earliest extant Hebrew Bible codex is the Cairo Prophets written and punctuated by Moses ben Asher in Tiberias (in Palestine) in 895. Next in age is the Leningrad Codex of the Latter Prophets dated to 916, which was not originally the work of Ben Asher, but its Babylonian pointing—i.e., vowel signs used for pronunciation purposes—was brought into line with the Tiberian......
Leningrad Philharmonic Orchestra (Russian orchestra)
symphony orchestra based in St. Petersburg. The Philharmonic Society was founded there in 1802, and its orchestra included musicians from eastern Europe as well as from Russia....
Leningrad, Siege of (Soviet history)
prolonged siege (September 8, 1941–January 27, 1944) of the city of Leningrad (St. Petersburg) in the Soviet Union by German and Finnish armed forces during World War II. The siege actually lasted 872 days....
Leningrad State University (university, Saint Petersburg, Russia)
coeducational state institution of higher learning in St. Petersburg, founded in 1819 as the University of St. Petersburg. During World War II the university was evacuated to Saratov. The university’s buildings were severely damaged during the Sie...
Leningrad Theatre of the Estrada and the Miniature (Soviet theatre)
After graduating from the Leningrad Theatrical Technicum in 1935, Raikin worked in both state theatres and variety shows (estradas) and in 1939 opened his own theatre, the Leningrad Theatre of the Estrada and the Miniature, where he offered homespun homilies and satirical skits (called “miniatures”). Over the years, he toured the Soviet Union and occasionally abroad but......
Leningradsky Gosudarstvenny Universitet (university, Saint Petersburg, Russia)
coeducational state institution of higher learning in St. Petersburg, founded in 1819 as the University of St. Petersburg. During World War II the university was evacuated to Saratov. The university’s buildings were severely damaged during the Sie...
Leninism
principles expounded by Vladimir I. Lenin, who was the preeminent figure in the Russian Revolution of 1917. Whether Leninist concepts represented a contribution to or a corruption of Marxist thought has been debated, but their influence on the subseque...
Leninogorsk (Kazakhstan)
city, northeastern Kazakhstan. The city is situated in the southwestern Altai Mountains along the Ulba River, at an elevation of more than 3,300 feet (1,000 m). An Englishman, Philip Ridder, discovered a small mine containing gold, silver, copper, and lead there in 1786, and systematic mining started in 1791. The city was renamed Leninogorsk in 1941, but it re...
Lenin’s Testament (document by Lenin)
two-part document dictated by Vladimir I. Lenin on Dec. 23–26, 1922, and Jan. 4, 1923, and addressed to a future Communist Party Congress. It contained guideline proposals for changes in the Soviet political system and concise portrait assessments of six party leaders (Joseph Stalin, ...
Leninsk-Kuznetsky (Russia)
city, in Kemerovo oblast (region), central Russia. It lies along the Inya River, a tributary of the Ob. In 1912 a French company started coal-mining operations there; from the 1930s the city developed rapidly to become a major coal-mining centre, with many pits located in the city itself. Other industries produce chemicals, mining machinery, ...
Leninváros (Hungary)
...of the mines there have closed because of high operational costs. There are, however, considerable lignite reserves in the vicinity of Bükkalja, Emod, and Bükkábrány. Tiszaújváros is home to a chemical works and an oil refinery....
lenition (phonetics)
The alternation of consonants known as consonant gradation (or lenition) is sometimes thought to be of Uralic origin. In Baltic-Finnic, excluding Veps and Livonian, earlier intervocalic single stops were typically replaced by voiced and fricative consonantal variants, and geminate (double) stops were shortened to single stops just in case the preceding vowel was stressed and the following vowel......
Leniwka River (river, Poland)
In the past the Vistula crossed its delta and entered the sea by two or more branch channels, notably the Nogat, which issued into the Vistula Lagoon, and the Leniwka (now called the Martwa̦ Vistula), which followed the true Vistula channel to the Gulf of Gdańsk. Improvements, the ultimate aim of which was to control the Vistula’s outlet to the sea and make the entire delta......
Lenkoran (Azerbaijan)
city, southeastern Azerbaijan. It lies on the shore of the Caspian Sea, in the Länkäran Lowland. First mentioned in the 17th century, it was capital of the Talysh khanate of Iran in the 18th century. It was held by Russia from 1728 to 1735 but only fell definitively to Russia in 1813. Länkäran is now the centre of...
Lenkoran Lowland (lowlands, Azerbaijan)
The southeastern part of Azerbaijan is bordered by the Talish (Talysh) Mountains, consisting of three longitudinal ranges, with Mount Kyumyurkyoy as the highest peak (8,176 feet), and the Länkäran Lowland, along the Caspian coast. This lowland, an extension of the Kura-Aras Lowland, reaches the Iranian border near Astara....
Lenkoranskaya Nizmennost (lowlands, Azerbaijan)
The southeastern part of Azerbaijan is bordered by the Talish (Talysh) Mountains, consisting of three longitudinal ranges, with Mount Kyumyurkyoy as the highest peak (8,176 feet), and the Länkäran Lowland, along the Caspian coast. This lowland, an extension of the Kura-Aras Lowland, reaches the Iranian border near Astara....
Lennep, Emile van (Dutch official)
Dutch public official who was secretary-general of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, 1969-84, and helped build its effectiveness as a forum for international cooperation (b. Jan. 20, 1915--d. Oct. 3, 1996)....
Lennep, Jacob van (Dutch writer)
Dutch novelist, poet, and leading man of letters in the mid-19th century....
Lenngren, Anna Maria (Swedish poet)
Swedish poet whose Neoclassical satires and pastoral idylls show a balance and moderation characteristic of the Enlightenment period and are still read for their gaiety and elegance....
Lenngren, Carl (Swedish editor)
Educated by her father, a lecturer at Uppsala University, Lenngren began to publish poetry at age 18. In 1780 she married Carl Lenngren, founder (with Johan Henric Kellgren) and later editor of the influential Stockholms Posten, to which she thereafter contributed anonymously. Insisting that she was a private individual, a housewife rather than a professional......
Lenni Lenape (people)
a confederation of Algonquian-speaking North American Indians who occupied the Atlantic seaboard from Cape Henlopen, Delaware, to western Long Island. Before colonization, they were especially concentrated in the Delaware River valley, for which the confederation was nam...
Lennoa madreporoides (plant)
The single species of Lennoa is quite variable. Flor de tierra (“flower of the earth”; L. madreporoides) usually grows on roots of the Mexican sunflower (Tithonia). The oval, mushroomlike stem is 5–15 cm (2–6 inches) tall, yellowish or brownish in colour, and covered with oval to lance-shaped scales. The plant’s domelike head is covere...
Lennoaceae (plant family)
the sand food family, very close to, or possibly embedded in, the family Boraginaceae, composed of two genera and four species of curious, parasitic plants, which send out rootlike structures (haustoria) that penetrate the roots of other plants for food. Once the parasite’s haustoria have entered th...
Lennon, John (British musician)
leader or coleader of British rock group the Beatles, author and graphic artist, solo recording artist, and collaborator with Yoko Ono on recordings and other art projects....
Lennon, John Winston Ono (British musician)
leader or coleader of British rock group the Beatles, author and graphic artist, solo recording artist, and collaborator with Yoko Ono on recordings and other art projects....
Lennon, Sean (American musician)
...separated in the fall of 1973, he spent a “lost weekend” of more than a year drinking and making highly uneven music in Los Angeles. When the couple reunited, they soon conceived a son, Sean, born on Lennon’s birthday in 1975. Lennon retreated from music and became a reclusive househusband, leaving his business affairs to Ono. The details of this very private period are unc...
Lennox (island, Chile)
...Gordon. The eastern portion forms part of the Chile–Argentina border, while the western portion lies entirely within Chile. The three islands at the channel’s eastern end, Picton, Nueva, and Lennox islands, were the subject of a territorial dispute between Chile and Argentina that began in the 1840s and which almost led to war between the two countries in 1978. The dispute officia...
Lennox, 1st Duke of (English noble [1672-1723])
son of Charles II of England by his mistress Louise de Kéroualle, duchess of Portsmouth. He was aide-de-camp to William III from 1693 to 1702 and lord of the bedchamber to George I from 1714 to 1723....
Lennox, Annie (Scottish singer and songwriter)
...the Rings: The Return of the KingOriginal Song: “Into the West” from The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King; music and lyrics by Fran Walsh, Howard Shore, and Annie LennoxAnimated Feature Film: Finding Nemo, directed by Andrew Stanton and Lee UnkrichHonorary Award: Blake Edwards...
Lennox, Charles, 1st duke of Richmond (English noble [1672-1723])
son of Charles II of England by his mistress Louise de Kéroualle, duchess of Portsmouth. He was aide-de-camp to William III from 1693 to 1702 and lord of the bedchamber to George I from 1714 to 1723....
Lennox, Charles, 3rd duke of Richmond (British politician [1735-1806])
one of the most progressive British politicians of the 18th century, being chiefly known for his advanced views on parliamentary reform....
Lennox, Charlotte (British author)
English novelist whose work, especially The Female Quixote, was much admired by leading literary figures of her time, including Samuel Johnson and the novelists Henry Fielding and Samuel Richardson....
Lennox, Margaret Douglas, Countess of (English noble)
prominent intriguer in England during the early reign of Queen Elizabeth I....
Lennox, Matthew Stewart, 4th earl of (British lord)
...Douglas, 6th Earl of Angus, and Margaret Tudor (daughter of King Henry VII of England and widow of King James IV of Scotland), and in 1544 she married Matthew Stewart (1516–71), 4th Earl of Lennox. Because of her nearness to the English crown, Lady Margaret Douglas was brought up chiefly at the English court in close association with Princess Mary (afterward Queen Mary I), who remained.....
Lennoys (mythological land)
mythical “lost” land supposed once to have connected Cornwall in the west of England with the Scilly Isles lying in the English Channel. The name Lyonnesse first appeared in Sir Thomas Malory’s late 15th-century prose account of th...
Lenny Henry Show, The (British television series)
In 1984 Henry married fellow comedian Dawn French (whom he would divorce in 2010). That same year he was given his own series on the British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC), The Lenny Henry Show. The program consisted of a mix of stand-up comedy and sketches that featured him playing a number of offbeat, catchphrase-spouting characters, routines that quickly became......
Leno, Dan (British entertainer)
popular English entertainer who is considered the foremost representative of the British music hall at its height in the 19th century. In 1901 Leno gave a command performance for King Edward VII, becoming the first music-hall performer to be so honoured....
Leno, James Douglas Muir (American comedian and writer)
American comedian and writer who was host of The Tonight Show (1992–2009, 2010– )....
Leno, Jay (American comedian and writer)
American comedian and writer who was host of The Tonight Show (1992–2009, 2010– )....
leno weave (textiles)
Gauze weaving is an open weave made by twisting adjacent warps together. It is usually made by the leno, or doup, weaving process, in which a doup attachment, a thin hairpin-like needle attached to two healds, is used, and the adjacent warp yarns cross each other between picks. Since the crossed warps firmly lock each weft in place, gauze weaves are often used for sheer fabrics made of smooth......
Lenoir, Alexandre (French archaeologist and artist)
Daumier received a typical lower middleclass education, but he wanted to draw, and his studies did not interest him. His family therefore placed him with an old and fairly well-known artist, Alexandre Lenoir. Lenoir, a student and friend of Jacques-Louis David, a leading classicist painter, was more an aesthetician than a painter. He had a pronounced taste for Rubens, one of whose works he kept......
Lenoir engine
...in developing an operational system, however. Finally, in 1860 Étienne Lenoir of France marketed an engine that operated on illuminating gas and provided reasonably satisfactory service. The Lenoir engine was essentially a converted double-acting steam engine with slide valves for admitting gas and air and for discharging exhaust products. Although the Lenoir engine developed little......
Lenoir, Étienne (Belgian inventor)
Belgian inventor who devised the first commercially successful internal-combustion engine....
Lenoir, Jean-Charles-Pierre (French police official)
...health), but their highest priority was public safety. During the 18th century, no fewer than three inspectors devoted their efforts to it. One of the most famous lieutenants general of police, Jean-Charles-Pierre Lenoir, wrote in a memoir that the three inspectors responsible for public safety secured more arrests than all the rest of the police combined. He explained that the inspectors......
Lenoir, Jean-Joseph-Étienne (Belgian inventor)
Belgian inventor who devised the first commercially successful internal-combustion engine....
Lenore (work by Bürger)
In 1773 Bürger published the ballad “Lenore,” a spectral romance in which a ghostly rider, posing as Lenore’s dead lover, carries her away on a macabre night ride through an eerie landscape illuminated by flashes of lightning. It culminates in a revelation of the rider as Death himself—a skeleton with scythe and hourglass. The poem’s use of refrain and its...
Lenore (work by Holtei)
...vividly described in his autobiography, Vierzig Jahre (1843–50; “Forty Years”). Two of his best plays, Der Alte Freiherr (1825; “The Old Baron”) and Lenore (1829), a dramatization of Gottfried August Bürger’s poem, achieved great popularity. Also successful were his Schlesische Gedichte (1830; “Silesian Poems...
Lenormand, Henri-René (French dramatist)
French dramatist, the most important of those playwrights concerned with subconscious motivation who flourished between World Wars I and II....
Lenormand, Louis-Sebastien (French aeronaut)
French aeronaut, generally recognized as the first person to make a parachute descent. He was not the inventor of the parachute; the ancient Chinese may have devised one, and it was known to medieval Europe in the form of a toy....
Lenormant, François (French Assyriologist)
French Assyriologist and numismatist who recognized, from cuneiform inscriptions, a language now known as Akkadian that proved valuable to the understanding of Mesopotamian civilization 3,000 years before the Christian era. He published his first archaeological paper at 14 and went on to become a scholar of wide achievement. He published La Monnaie dans l’antiquité, 3 vol. (18...
Lenôtre, Gaston-Albert-Célestin (French pastry chef, restaurateur, and educator)
May 28, 1920Saint-Nicolas-du-Bosc, Normandy, FranceJan. 8, 2009Sennely, FranceFrench pastry chef, restaurateur, and educator who rejuvenated the neglected art of French pátisserie by rejecting traditional heavy desserts in favour of lighter, more innovative pastries, mousses, ...
Lenovo Group (Chinese company)
IBM showed improved earnings while it completed the sale of its PC business to Lenovo of China, settled an antitrust case it had filed against Microsoft, and laid off 13,000 employees, most of them in Europe. Analysts believed that the company’s stronger financial results showed that corporate spending on information technology, which had been in a lull, was increasing slowly. IBM also boug...
Lenox (Massachusetts, United States)
town (township), Berkshire county, western Massachusetts, U.S. It lies in the Berkshire Hills, just south of Pittsfield. Settled about 1750 and originally called Yokuntown, it was set off from Richmond in 1767 and was probably named for Charles Lennox, 3rd duke of Richmond and a defender of colonial rights. Early industries included an iron ...
Lenox, James (American philanthropist and book collector)
American philanthropist and pioneer book collector....
Lenox Library (library, United States)
...editions of the works of John Bunyan, William Shakespeare, and John Milton. The collection was originally intended for the use of scholars but in 1870 was made available to the public. In 1895 the Lenox Library (containing about 85,000 volumes), the Astor Library, and the Tilden Foundation were consolidated to become the New York Public Library....
Lenox, Walter Scott (American manufacturer)
...1868 Cooper’s partner, Abram Stevens Hewitt, introduced into the United States the open-hearth process for making steel. Potteries have operated in Trenton since 1723, and in the late 19th century Walter Scott Lenox developed an international reputation with the fine china his firm made in Trenton. The railroad, trucking, rubber, plastics, metalworking, electrical, automobile parts, glas...
lens (optics)
in optics, piece of glass or other transparent substance that is used to form an image of an object by focusing rays of light from the object. A lens is a piece of transparent material, usually circular in shape, with two polished surfaces, either or both of which is curved and may be either convex (bulging) or concave (depressed). The curves are almost always spherical; i.e., the radius of curvat...
lens (eye)
in anatomy, a nearly transparent biconvex structure suspended behind the iris of the eye, the sole function of which is to focus light rays onto the retina. The lens is made up of unusual elongated cells that have no blood supply but obtain nutrients from the surrounding fluids, mainly the aqueous humour that bathes the front...
lens (hydrology)
Over many decades this process forms a deep lens of warm, saline North Atlantic Central Water. The shape of the lens of water is distorted by other dynamic effects, the principal one being the change in the vertical component of the Coriolis force with latitude known as the beta effect. This effect involves the displacement of the warm water lens toward the west, so that the deepest part of the......
Lens (France)
industrial town, Pas-de-Calais département, Nord-Pas-de-Calais région, northern France, southwest of Lille. It was the chief urban centre of the Pas-de-Calais coal basin. Since the demise of coal mining in the 1980s, a wide range of new industries and services has been developed...
lens coating (optics)
...components. Also, more types of glass have been discovered and developed, to give better achromatic performance. It was found, about 1939, that a special coating of the glass-to-air surface of a lens component could greatly diminish reflections from this surface without affecting other properties of the lens. The use of such coatings improved image contrast by reducing the stray rays that......
lens dislocation (physiology)
abnormal position of the crystalline lens of the eye. The dislocation, which may be congenital, developmental, or acquired (typically via trauma), is usually caused by abnormalities of or injury to a portion of the suspensory ligaments (called zonular fibres) that anchor the lens to the ciliary muscle. Problems associated ...
Lens esculenta (plant)
small annual legume of the pea family (Leguminosae) and its lens-shaped edible seed, which is rich in protein and one of the most ancient of cultivated foods. Of unknown origin, the lentil is widely cultivated throughout Europe, Asia, and North Africa ...
lens eye (anatomy)
Relative to pinhole eyes, lens eyes have greatly improved resolution and image brightness. Lenses were formed by increasing the refractive index of material in the chamber by adding denser material, such as mucus or protein. This converged incoming rays of light, thereby reducing the angle over which each photoreceptor receives light. The continuation of this process ultimately results in a......
Lensing, Elise (German seamstress)
...fashion magazine, whose editor, Amalie Schoppe, invited him to Hamburg in 1835 to prepare for the university. He was supported during this time, both spiritually and materially, by a seamstress, Elise Lensing, with whom he lived. At this time he started his Tagebücher (published 1885–87; “Diaries”), which became an important and revealing literary confession.....
Lenski, Gerhard (American sociologist)
Only a few sociologists have developed structural theories that apply to institutions and whole societies—an approach known as macrosociology. Gerhard Lenski in Power and Privilege (1966) classified societies on the basis of their main tools of subsistence and, unlike Marx, demonstrated statistically that variations in the primary tools used in a given society......
Lent (Christianity)
in the Christian church, a period of penitential preparation for Easter. In Western churches it begins on Ash Wednesday, 612 weeks before Easter, and provides for a 40-day fast (Sundays are excluded), in imitation of Jesus Christ’s fasting in the...
lentejilla (plant)
...leaves. Virginia peppergrass (L. virginicum), spread throughout North America, sometimes is known as canary grass because its seed stalks are fed to cage birds. Its leaves are used in salads. Lentejilla, or little lentil (L. intermedium), native to Europe but long naturalized in Mexico, is used as a folk medicine. Pepperwort, or field pepper (L. campestre), a widespread......
Lenten crab (crustacean)
...live in the sea; even the land crabs, which are abundant in tropical countries, usually visit the sea occasionally and pass through their early stages in it. The river crab of southern Europe (the Lenten crab, Potamon fluviatile) is an example of the freshwater crabs abundant in most of the warmer regions of the world. As a rule, crabs breathe by gills, which are lodged in a pair of......
Lenten rose (flower)
The closely related Lenten rose (H. orientalis), blooming later, with cream to purplish flowers in clusters of two to six, is popular in Europe....
Lenthall, William (English politician)
English Parliamentarian who, as speaker of the House of Commons, was at the centre of repeated struggles between the Parliamentarians and Royalists during the English Civil Wars....
Lenthe, Sophie von (Prussian noble)
...There, however, he proved to be unsuccessful as head of the department of education; moreover, his personal life became the subject of public gossip, for immediately after his divorce he had married Sophie von Lenthe, who had been divorced from her husband on Hardenberg’s account....
Lentibulariaceae (plant family)
any plant of the genus Utricularia (family Lentibulariaceae of the flowering plant order Lamiales). The bladderwort genus contains 220 widely distributed species of land and water plants characterized by small hollow sacs that actively capture and digest tiny animals such as insect larvae, aquatic worms, water fleas, and other small swimmers....
lentic ecosystem
any pond or lake viewed as an ecosystem. A riverine, or lotic, ecosystem, by contrast, has flowing water—e.g., a river or a stream....
lenticel (plant anatomy)
...by the presence of “breathing roots” (pneumatophores), portions of the root that grow upward until they project some centimetres above the low-tide level. They have small openings (lenticels) in their bark so that air can reach the rest of the plant’s root system. Another feature of most mangroves is aerial prop roots, which form a tangled jungle, even after the main roots ...
lenticular cloud (meteorology)
...wavelength extending downstream. Numerous equally spaced lee waves are often seen where they are not interfered with by other mountains, such as over the sea. They may produce clouds, called wave clouds, when the air becomes saturated with water vapour at the top of the wave....
lenticular nucleus (anatomy)
...as the paleostriatum, and the caudate nucleus and putamen are together known as the neostriatum, or simply striatum. Together, the putamen and the adjacent globus pallidus are referred to as the lentiform nucleus, while the caudate nucleus, putamen, and globus pallidus form the corpus striatum....
lenticular screen (optics)
...is shown. Many materials are suitable for screens, the principal requirement being a high degree of reflectivity. The three most common types of screen are the mat white, the glass bead, and the lenticular. Mat white is a nonglossy white surface, which may be produced by a flat white paint coating, that provides uniform brightness of a projected image over a wide viewing angle. It is......
lenticulation (photography)
Stereo photographs can also be combined in a single picture by splitting up the images into narrow vertical strips and interlacing them. On superimposing a carefully aligned lenticular grid on the composite picture, an observer directly sees all the strips belonging to the left-eye picture with the left eye and all the strips belonging to the right-eye picture with the right eye. Such parallax......
lentiform nucleus (anatomy)
...as the paleostriatum, and the caudate nucleus and putamen are together known as the neostriatum, or simply striatum. Together, the putamen and the adjacent globus pallidus are referred to as the lentiform nucleus, while the caudate nucleus, putamen, and globus pallidus form the corpus striatum....
lentil (plant)
small annual legume of the pea family (Leguminosae) and its lens-shaped edible seed, which is rich in protein and one of the most ancient of cultivated foods. Of unknown origin, the lentil is widely cultivated throughout Europe, Asia, and North Africa ...
Lentini, Jacopo da (Italian poet)
senior poet of the Sicilian school and notary at the court of the Holy Roman emperor Frederick II. Celebrated during his life, he was acclaimed as a master by the poets of the following generation, including Dante, who memorialized him in the Purgatorio (XXIV, 55–57)....
Lentinus edodes
...a major factor in the natural resistance (i.e., survival in the soil) of this plant; 4-methylthio-1,2-dithiolane is a photosynthesis inhibitor from the stonewort. The characteristic flavour of the shiitake mushroom is due to the presence of the acyclic disulfide-sulfone CH3SO2CH2SCH2SCH2SSCH3 together with several cyclic......
lentisc tree
sweetened product made from chicle and similar resilient substances and chewed for its flavour. Peoples of the Mediterranean have since antiquity chewed the sweet resin of the mastic tree (so named after the custom) as a tooth cleanser and breath freshener. New England colonists borrowed from the Indians the custom of chewing aromatic and astringent spruce resin for the same purposes.......