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Levy, Pauline Marion Goddard (American actress)
American actress known for her spirited persona and for her association with Charlie Chaplin....
Lévy-Bruhl, Lucien (French philosopher)
French philosopher whose study of the psychology of primitive peoples gave anthropology a new approach to understanding irrational factors in social thought and primitive religion and mythology....
Levy-Lawson, 1st Baronet, Sir Edward (British newspaper editor and proprietor)
English newspaper proprietor who virtually created the London Daily Telegraph....
Levy-Lawson, Edward (British newspaper editor and proprietor)
English newspaper proprietor who virtually created the London Daily Telegraph....
levyne (mineral)
mineral in the zeolite family, similar in composition and structure to chabazite....
levynite (mineral)
mineral in the zeolite family, similar in composition and structure to chabazite....
Lew and Leslie Grade Ltd. (British company)
...changed his name to Grade and went into vaudeville as a Charleston dancer. Soon he began representing other theatrical performers as a talent agent, and with his brother Leslie he went on to build Lew and Leslie Grade Ltd., which became the largest talent agency in Europe in the years after World War II. In the 1950s Grade became involved in British commercial television; his company,......
Lewald, August (German writer)
She first began writing at the age of 30 with the encouragement of her cousin August Lewald, a journalist and editor. The novels Clementine (1842) and Jenny (1843) describe circumscribed lives built around family virtues. Die Familie Darner, 3 vol. (1888; “The Darner Family”), and Von Geschlecht zu Geschlecht, 8 vol. (1863–65; “From Generatio...
Lewald, Fanny (German writer)
popular German novelist and feminist who wrote mainly on family, marriage, and social problems....
Lewan (archaeological site, India)
...to the larger stones employed as rubbers or grinders, but in the absence of detailed research, no firm conclusions are possible. Related evidence does indicate that some contemporary sites, such as Lewan and Tarakai Qila in the Bannu basin, were large-scale factories, producing many types of tools from carefully selected stones collected and brought in from neighbouring areas. These same sites....
Lewandowski, Louis (Polish composer)
Jewish cantor, chorus conductor, and composer of synagogue music....
Lewanika (South African king)
Southern African king of the Lozi, from the Luyana lineage, one of a restored line of Lozi kings that recovered control of Barotseland (Bulozi) in the decades following the 1851 death of the Kololo conqueror, Sebetwane. Fearful of attack from the Portuguese (in Angola to the west) and from the Ndebele (Matabele) to the east, Lewanika brought...
Lewduh (India)
city, capital of Meghalaya state, northeastern India. The city is located on the Shillong Plateau at an elevation of 4,990 feet (1,520 metres). Shillong first became prominent in 1864, when it succeeded Cherrapunji as the district headquarters. In 1874 it was made the capital of the new province of Assam...
Lewen, John (English actor)
English actor, a colleague of William Shakespeare....
Lewenstein, Oscar (British film producer)
British theatre impresario and film producer who was a central figure in London’s Royal Court Theatre for over 20 years, formed the English Stage Company, and helped produce such notable films as Tom Jones (b. Jan. 18, 1917--d. Feb. 23, 1997)....
Lewes (district, England, United Kingdom)
district, administrative county of East Sussex, historic county of Sussex, England. The mainly rural district occupies a large part of east central Sussex to the east and north of Brighton and Hove. The southern part of the district,...
Lewes (England, United Kingdom)
town (parish), Lewes district, administrative county of East Sussex, historic county of Sussex, England. Lewes lies at a gap in the South Downs and along the River Ouse where it is still tidal. A castle was built there in the 11th century, and its ruins still dominate the town, which gre...
Lewes (Delaware, United States)
city, Sussex county, southeastern Delaware, U.S. It lies at the mouth of Delaware Bay just west of Cape Henlopen (state park), where it is protected by Delaware Breakwater (built 1828–35). Founded in 1631 by Dutch colonists, it was the first whi...
Lewes, Battle of (British history)
...the Barons’ War (1264–67, against rebellious nobles led by Simon de Montfort, earl of Leicester) cost him the temporary loss of his lands and a period of imprisonment after his capture in the Battle of Lewes (May 14, 1264). About that time (perhaps in 1263) he began to support several students at Oxford, apparently as penance for a quarrel with the Bishop of Durham. After his deat...
Lewes, George Henry (English philosopher, actor, and scientist)
English biographer, literary critic, dramatist, novelist, philosopher, actor, scientist, and editor, remembered chiefly for his decades-long liaison with the novelist Mary Ann Evans (better known by her pseudonym, George Eliot)....
Lewes River (river, Canada)
former name for the upper course of the Yukon River in Yukon, Canada. It flows from Tagish Lake on the British Columbia border northward through Lake Marsh past Whitehorse for about 340 miles (550 km) to join the ...
Lewin, Albert (American producer)
...
Lewin, Kurt (American social psychologist)
German-born American social psychologist known for his field theory of behaviour, which holds that human behaviour is a function of an individual’s psychological environment....
Lewin of Greenwich in Greater London, Terence Thornton Lewin, Baron (British admiral)
British admiral of the fleet who was the leader of Great Britain’s successful campaign to regain control of the Falkland Islands/Islas Malvinas when Argentina invaded in 1982 (b. Nov. 19, 1920, Dover, Eng.—d. Jan. 23, 1999, Woodbridge, Eng.)....
Lewin, William Charles James (British actor)
one of England’s leading actors of the later Victorian stage....
Lewinski, Erich von (German general)
German field marshal who was perhaps the most talented German field commander in World War II....
Lewinsky, Monica (American White House intern)
American White House intern who was at the centre of a sex scandal involving U.S. Pres. Bill Clinton. Lewinsky, who was raised in Beverly Hills, Calif., began an internship at the White House in 1995, which led to a sexual relationshi...
Lewinsky, Monica Samille (American White House intern)
American White House intern who was at the centre of a sex scandal involving U.S. Pres. Bill Clinton. Lewinsky, who was raised in Beverly Hills, Calif., began an internship at the White House in 1995, which led to a sexual relationshi...
Lewis (island, Outer Hebrides, Scotland, United Kingdom)
largest and most northerly of Scotland’s Outer Hebrides islands, lying 24 miles (39 km) from the west coast of the Scottish mainland and separated from it by the Minch channel. Although the island forms one continuous unit, it is usually referred to as two separate islands. The larger and more northerly portion is Lewis; Harris is in the south. Lewis is part of the ...
Lewis (county, New York, United States)
county, north-central New York state, U.S. It largely consists of a plateau region bisected roughly north-south by the Black River, with the Adirondack Mountains rising to the east. The hardwood trees of the plateau region give way to coniferous forests in the Adirondacks. Other major wa...
Lewis & Browne (American lithograph company)
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Lewis, A. H. (American author)
Western short stories have also been among America’s favourites. A.H. Lewis (c. 1858–1914), a former cowboy, produced a series of popular stories told by the “Old Cattleman.” Stephen Crane created a comic classic of the genre with “The Bride Comes to Yellow Sky” (1898), and Conrad Richter (1890–1968) wrote a number of stories and novels of th...
Lewis acid (chemical compounds)
Boron reacts with all halogen elements to give monomeric, highly reactive trihalides (BX3, where X is a halogen atom—F, Cl, Br, or I). These so-called Lewis acids readily form complexes with amines, phosphines, ethers, and halide ions. Examples of complex formation between boron trichloride and trimethylamine, as well as between boron trifluoride and fluoride ion, are shown in......
Lewis, Al (American actor)
American actor (b. April 30, 1923, New York, N.Y.—d. Feb. 3, 2006, New York City), was most noted for his role as Grandpa, a 378-year-old vampire, on the television sitcom The Munsters (1964–66). He previously had portrayed Officer Leo Schnauzer on Car 54, Where Are You? (1961–63), and he went on to appearances in numerous other TV series and in movies that inclu...
Lewis, Alun (Welsh poet)
at his early death one of the most promising Welsh poets, who described his experiences as an enlisted man and then an officer during World War II....
Lewis and Clark Caverns (cave, Montana, United States)
limestone cave in Jefferson county, southwestern Montana, U.S. It lies 47 miles (76 km) east of Butte, near the confluence of the Madison and Missouri rivers, and is the focus of a state park. Though the cave is named for Meriwether Lewis and William Clark, the intrepi...
Lewis and Clark Expedition (United States history)
(1804–06), U.S. military expedition, led by Captain Meriwether Lewis and Lieutenant William Clark, to explore the Louisiana Purchase and the Pacific Northwest. The expedition was a major chapter in the history of American exploration....
Lewis and Clark National Historic Trail (historical trail, United States)
...it. St. Louis hosted the 1904 World’s Fair during the expedition’s centennial, and Portland, Ore., sponsored the 1905 Lewis and Clark Exposition. In 1978 Congress established the 3,700-mi (6,000-km) Lewis and Clark National Historic Trail. While Lewis and Clark had a great interest in documenting Indian cultures, they represented a government whose policies can now be seen to have...
Lewis and Harris (island, Outer Hebrides, Scotland, United Kingdom)
largest and most northerly of Scotland’s Outer Hebrides islands, lying 24 miles (39 km) from the west coast of the Scottish mainland and separated from it by the Minch channel. Although the island forms one continuous unit, it is usually referred to as two separate islands. The larger and more northerly portion is Lewis; Harris is in the south. Lewis is part of the ...
Lewis and Harris (island, Outer Hebrides, Scotland, United Kingdom)
largest and most northerly of Scotland’s Outer Hebrides islands, lying 24 miles (39 km) from the west coast of the Scottish mainland and separated from it by the Minch channel. Although the island forms one continuous unit, it is usually referred to as two separate islands. The larger and more northerly portion is Lewis; Harris is in the south. Lewis is part of the historic county of Ross-s...
Lewis base (chemical compounds)
...electron-pair-accepting hydrogen atoms, and (5) acid-base interactions in the Lewis acid-base sense—i.e., the affinity of electron-accepting species (Lewis acids) to electron donors (Lewis bases). The interplay of these forces and temperature are reflected in the partition coefficient and determine the order on polarity and eluotropic strength scales. In the special case of ions,....
Lewis blood group system (physiology)
classification of human blood based on the expression of glycoproteins called Lewis (Le) antigens on the surfaces of red blood cells or in body fluids, or both. The Lewis antigen system is intimately associated with the secretor system and ABO blood group system bioche...
Lewis, C. I. (American philosopher and logician)
American logician, epistemologist, and moral philosopher....
Lewis, C. S. (British author)
British scholar, novelist, and author of about 40 books, most of them on Christian apologetics, the most widely known being The Screwtape Letters. He also achieved fame with a trilogy of science-fiction novels and with the Chronicles of Narnia, a series of seven children’s books...
Lewis, Carl (American athlete)
American track-and-field athlete, who won nine Olympic gold medals during the 1980s and ’90s....
Lewis, Clarence Irving (American philosopher and logician)
American logician, epistemologist, and moral philosopher....
Lewis, Clive Staples (British author)
British scholar, novelist, and author of about 40 books, most of them on Christian apologetics, the most widely known being The Screwtape Letters. He also achieved fame with a trilogy of science-fiction novels and with the Chronicles of Narnia, a series of seven children’s books...
Lewis College of Science and Technology (university, Romeoville, Illinois, United States)
private, coeducational university in Romeoville, Illinois, U.S., 30 miles (50 km) southwest of Chicago. Lewis University is operated by the Christian Brothers, a teaching order of the Roman Catholic Church. It was founded in 1932 by the Chicago archdiocese as ...
Lewis, David (American motion-picture producer)
Studio: Warner BrothersDirector: Edmund Goulding Producers: Hal B. Wallis and David Lewis Writer: Casey RobinsonMusic: Max Steiner Running time: 104 minutes...
Lewis, David Kellogg (American philosopher)
American philosopher who, at the time of his death, was considered by many to be the leading figure in Anglo-American philosophy (see analytic philosophy)....
Lewis, Dio (American educator)
...in Hartford, Connecticut, and later at others in Ohio, Illinois, Wisconsin, and Iowa, Beecher taught the “movement cure” (calisthenics) and fresh-air living. Later reformers, such as Dio Lewis, a Boston educator, sought to liberate women from corsets and other restrictive garments. Lewis introduced a system of stretching exercises that utilized rubber balls, beanbags, hoops, and.....
Lewis, Edmonia (American sculptor)
American sculptor whose Neoclassical works exploring religious and classical themes won contemporary praise and received renewed interest in the late 20th century....
Lewis, Edna (American author and chef)
African American author and chef, renowned for her traditional Southern cooking that emphasized fresh and locally grown foods and later in life for her recipes....
Lewis, Edna Regina (American author and chef)
African American author and chef, renowned for her traditional Southern cooking that emphasized fresh and locally grown foods and later in life for her recipes....
Lewis, Edrice (Caribbean designer)
...September 18–19, 1983, when the federation received its independence from Britain, the renamed Saint Kitts and Nevis hoisted a new national flag, which it continues to use. Designed by Edrice Lewis, the flag has a green triangle for the fertility of the islands and a red triangle for the years of struggle against slavery and colonialism. Running diagonally through the centre is a......
Lewis, Edward B. (American biologist)
American developmental geneticist who, along with geneticists Christiane Nüsslein-Volhard and Eric F. Wieschaus, was awarded the 1995 Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine for discovering the functions that control early embryonic development....
Lewis, Flora (American journalist)
American journalist (b. July 29, 1922, Los Angeles, Calif.—d. June 2, 2002, Paris, France), was a top-notch reporter and columnist who specialized in international affairs. From 1945 she lived mostly in Europe, and she became known for her lucid analyses of developments on the Continent during the second half of the 20th century. Among other things, she reported on the communist takeover of...
Lewis, Floyd John (American surgeon)
...were done “blind.” The surgeon’s dream was to stop the heart so that he could see what he was doing and be allowed more time in which to do it. In 1952 this dream began to come true when Floyd Lewis, of Minnesota, reduced the temperature of the body so as to lessen its need for oxygen while he closed a hole between the two upper heart chambers, the atria. The next year John...
Lewis formula
...electron removal or addition, only the electrons in valence shells play a significant role in the formation of bonds between atoms. Henceforth this article will concentrate on these electrons alone. Lewis introduced the conventions of representing valence electrons by dots arranged around the chemical symbol of the element, as in H·, Na·, and .Cl:.... , and of discussing bond......
Lewis, Frederick Carlton (American athlete)
American track-and-field athlete, who won nine Olympic gold medals during the 1980s and ’90s....
Lewis, George Edward (American anthropologist)
American track-and-field athlete, who won nine Olympic gold medals during the 1980s and ’90s.......
Lewis, Gilbert N. (American chemist)
American physical chemist best known for his contributions to chemical thermodynamics, the electron-pair model of the covalent bond, the electronic theory of acids and bases, the separation and study of deuterium and its compounds, and his work on phosphorescence and...
Lewis, Gilbert Newton (American chemist)
American physical chemist best known for his contributions to chemical thermodynamics, the electron-pair model of the covalent bond, the electronic theory of acids and bases, the separation and study of deuterium and its compounds, and his work on phosphorescence and...
Lewis Glacier (glacier, Kenya)
...of the crystalline nepheline syenite that plugged the former vent. Radiating from the central peaks are ridges separated by seven principal valleys. Several small, retreating glaciers, of which Lewis and Tyndall are the largest, feed the streams and marshes on the mountain’s slopes. A markedly radial drainage is characteristic, but all streams eventually flow into the Tana River or the.....
Lewis Glyn Cothi (Welsh poet)
Welsh bard whose work reflects an awakening of national consciousness among the Welsh....
Lewis, H. Spencer (American religious leader)
The two most successful modern Rosicrucian organizations were established in the 20th century. The Ancient Mystical Order Roase Crucis (AMORC) was founded in New York City in 1915 by H. Spencer Lewis (1883–1939). Claiming that he had learned the teachings of the order from European Rosicrucians, Lewis attracted new members from around the world by distributing his teachings in mail-order......
Lewis, Harry Sinclair (American writer)
American novelist and social critic who punctured American complacency with his broadly drawn, widely popular satirical novels. He won the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1930, the first given to an American....
Lewis, Henry (American artist)
For some painters whose theme was untouched landscape, the northeast was less alluring than the more primitive and dramatic landscapes of the west. John Banvard and Henry Lewis painted huge panoramas of empty stretches of the Mississippi River. Among the first artists to explore the Far West were the enormously successful Thomas Moran and Albert Bierstadt, who painted grandiose scenes of the......
Lewis, Henry Jay (American conductor)
U.S. orchestra conductor who was the first African-American conductor and music director of a major American orchestra and the first black to conduct at the Metropolitan Opera in New York City (b. Oct. 16, 1932--d. Jan. 26, 1996)....
Lewis, Hywel David (British philosopher)
...having an ultimate concern or experiencing the unconditional character of moral obligation, that become intelligible only when understood as the presence of the holy in experience. Others, such as H.D. Lewis and Charles Hartshorne, found the divine ingredient in the experience of the transcendent and supremely worshipful reality but demand that this experience be coherently articulated and, in....
Lewis, Isaac Newton (United States Army officer and inventor)
U.S. Army officer and inventor best known for the Lewis machine gun, widely used in World War I and later....
Lewis, Isle of (island, Outer Hebrides, Scotland, United Kingdom)
largest and most northerly of Scotland’s Outer Hebrides islands, lying 24 miles (39 km) from the west coast of the Scottish mainland and separated from it by the Minch channel. Although the island forms one continuous unit, it is usually referred to as two separate islands. The larger and more northerly portion is Lewis; Harris is in the south. Lewis is part of the ...
Lewis, Janet (American writer)
American writer and poet who produced short stories, children’s books, such novels as The Wife of Martin Guerre (1941) and the libretto of the opera based on it (1956), and the librettos of four other operas in addition to hundreds of poe...
Lewis, Jerry (American comedian)
American comedian whose unrestrained comic style made him one of the most popular performers of the 1950s and ’60s....
Lewis, Jerry Lee (American musician)
American singer and pianist whose virtuosity, ecstatic performances, and colourful personality made him a legendary rock music pioneer....
Lewis, John (American musician)
American jazz pianist and composer-arranger who was an influential member of the Modern Jazz Quartet, one of the longest-lived and best-received groups in jazz history....
Lewis, John (American civil rights leader and politician)
American civil rights leader and politician best known for his chairmanship of the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC) and for leading the march that was halted by police violence on the Edmund Pettus Bridge in Selma, Ala., in 1965, a landmark event in the history of the civil rights ...
Lewis, John Aaron (American musician)
American jazz pianist and composer-arranger who was an influential member of the Modern Jazz Quartet, one of the longest-lived and best-received groups in jazz history....
Lewis, John L. (American labour leader)
American labour leader who was president of the United Mine Workers of America (1920–60) and chief founder and first president of the Congress of Industrial Organizations (CIO; 1936–40)....
Lewis, John Llewellyn (American labour leader)
American labour leader who was president of the United Mine Workers of America (1920–60) and chief founder and first president of the Congress of Industrial Organizations (CIO; 1936–40)....
Lewis, John Robert (American civil rights leader and politician)
American civil rights leader and politician best known for his chairmanship of the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC) and for leading the march that was halted by police violence on the Edmund Pettus Bridge in Selma, Ala., in 1965, a landmark event in the history of the civil rights ...
Lewis, Lennox (British boxer)
first British boxer to hold the undisputed heavyweight world championship since Bob Fitzsimmons held the title in 1899....
Lewis, Lennox Claudius (British boxer)
first British boxer to hold the undisputed heavyweight world championship since Bob Fitzsimmons held the title in 1899....
Lewis, Lux (American musician)
American musician, one of the leading exponents of boogie-woogie....
Lewis machine gun (weapon)
...for defensive roles but were not really portable. A number of lighter machine guns (frequently called machine rifles or automatic rifles) began to be used in 1915. These included the British Lewis gun (invented in America but manufactured and improved in Great Britain), the French Chauchat, several German weapons, and the U.S. M1918 Browning automatic rifle (known as the BAR). Most, but......
Lewis, Mary Edmonia (American sculptor)
American sculptor whose Neoclassical works exploring religious and classical themes won contemporary praise and received renewed interest in the late 20th century....
Lewis, Matthew Gregory (English writer)
English novelist and dramatist who became famous overnight after the sensational success of his Gothic novel The Monk (1796). Thereafter he was known as “Monk” Lewis....
Lewis, Meade (American musician)
American musician, one of the leading exponents of boogie-woogie....
Lewis, Meriwether (American explorer)
American explorer, who with William Clark led the Lewis and Clark Expedition through the uncharted American interior to the Pacific Northwest in 1804–06. He later served as governor of Upper Louisiana Territory....
Lewis, Monk (English writer)
English novelist and dramatist who became famous overnight after the sensational success of his Gothic novel The Monk (1796). Thereafter he was known as “Monk” Lewis....
Lewis, Percy Wyndham (British artist and writer)
English artist and writer who founded the Vorticist movement, which sought to relate art and literature to the industrial process....
Lewis, R. W. B. (American literary critic)
American literary critic (b. Nov. 1, 1917, Chicago, Ill.—d. June 13, 2002, Bethany, Conn.), helped originate the field of American studies and over his nearly half-century-long career as a scholar made significant contributions to the knowledge of American culture. His Edith Wharton: A Biography (1975) won a ...
Lewis Range (mountain range, North America)
segment of the northern Rockies, extending south-southeastward for 160 miles (260 km) from the Alberta, Can., border, near Waterton Lake, to the Blackfoot River in northwestern Montana, U.S. Many peaks exceed 10,000 feet (3,000 m), with Mount Cleveland (10,479 feet [3,194 m]) being the highest point. The ...
Lewis, Ray (American football player)
American professional gridiron football player who is considered to be one of the greatest linebackers in National Football League (NFL) history....
Lewis, Ray Anthony (American football player)
American professional gridiron football player who is considered to be one of the greatest linebackers in National Football League (NFL) history....
Lewis, Reginald F. (American lawyer)
U.S. lawyer and financier (b. Dec. 7, 1942, Baltimore, Md.--d. Jan. 19, 1993, New York, N.Y.), was a partner (1970-73) in Murphy, Thorpe & Lewis, the first black law firm on Wall Street. After his $1 billion takeover in 1987 of the Beatrice Companies, a food concern, he became one of the nation’s richest busine...
Lewis, Richard (American actor and comedian)
...bumper crop of young comics a place to hone their craft and develop an audience. Working night after night for little or no money, these young, mostly New York City-based comedians—among them Richard Lewis, Freddie Prinze, Elayne Boosler (one of the few women in a largely male-dominated crowd), and later Jerry Seinfeld—developed an intimate “observational” style, les...
Lewis, Richard Warrington Baldwin (American literary critic)
American literary critic (b. Nov. 1, 1917, Chicago, Ill.—d. June 13, 2002, Bethany, Conn.), helped originate the field of American studies and over his nearly half-century-long career as a scholar made significant contributions to the knowledge of American culture. His Edith Wharton: A Biography (1975) won a ...
Lewis, Robert (American actor and director)
American actor, drama teacher, and theatre director who cofounded, directed, and performed in the 1930s with the Group Theatre in such plays as Waiting for Lefty and Golden Boy before helping to found (1947) the Actors Studio, where for one year he tutored such future stars as Marlon Brando and Karl Malden; he ...
Lewis, Rudy (American singer)
...Charlie Thomas, Elsbeary Hobbs, Rudy Lewis, and Moore....