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Li Yunhe (Chinese politician)
third wife of Chinese communist leader Mao Zedong and the most influential woman in the People’s Republic of China for a while until her downfall in 1976, after Mao’s death. As a member of the Gang of Four she was convicted in 1981 of “counter-revolutionary crimes...
Li Zhaodao (Chinese painter)
...with gold, to a fine line drawing. Among the early masters of jinbi shanshui were Zhan Ziqian in the Sui dynasty, the Tang painters Li Sixun and his son Li Zhaodao, who was said to have changed his father’s style, even surpassed it, and who spurred an interest in seascapes. This style was also employed by some conservative artists of later centuries...
Li Zhi (emperor of Tang dynasty)
temple name (miaohao) of the third emperor of the Tang dynasty and husband of the empress Wuhou. During his 34-year reign (649–683) he expanded the Tang empire into Korea....
Li Zhi (Chinese monk)
...several generations in China. His followers, such as the communitarian Wang Ji (1498–1583), who devoted his long life to building a community of the like-minded, and the radical individualist Li Zhi (1527–1602), who proposed to reduce all human relationships to friendship, broadened Confucianism to accommodate a variety of lifestyles....
Li Zhi (Chinese mathematician)
Chinese mathematician and scholar-official who contributed to the solution of polynomial equations in one variable....
Li Zhisui (Chinese physician)
(LI CHIH-SUI), Chinese physician (b. 1919, Beijing, China--d. Feb. 13, 1995, Carol Stream, Ill.), was the personal physician and confidant of Chairman Mao Zedong and author of The Private Life of Chairman Mao (1994). Li received his medical degree from the West Union University Medical School in Sichuan province in 19...
Li Zhizao (Chinese mathematician and astronomer)
Chinese mathematician, astronomer, and geographer whose translations of European scientific books greatly contributed to the spread of Western science in China....
Li Zicheng (Chinese rebel)
Chinese rebel leader who dethroned Chongzhen, the last emperor of the Ming dynasty (1368–1644)....
Li Zitong (Chinese rebel)
...Xian’s forces in two crucial naval battles. In 621 Xiao Xian surrendered to the Tang, who thus gained control of the central Yangtze and the far south. The southeast was occupied by another rebel, Li Zitong, based in Zhejiang. He too was decisively defeated near present-day Nanjing at the end of 621. As had been the case with Xiao Xian’s dominions, the southeast was incorporated i...
Li Zongren (Chinese official)
Great political shifts occurred in 1949. Chiang Kai-shek retired temporarily in January, turning over to the vice president, Gen. Li Tsung-jen (Li Zongren), the problem of holding the government together and trying to negotiate a peace with Mao Zedong. Li’s peace negotiations (February–April) proved hopeless. The Nationalists were not prepared to surrender; they still claimed to gove...
li-chia (Chinese social system)
system of social organization in Ming dynasty China. See baojia....
li-chin (Chinese tax)
special tax paid by merchants and traders in mid-19th-century China. Likin (“a tax of one-thousandth”) was levied on goods in transit or as a sales tax in shops where goods were sold....
li-ding (Chinese vessel)
Two variations of the ding include the li-ding, which has a slight swelling of the bowl as it joins each of the legs (similar in effect to the li), and the fang-ding, which, however illogical, is a “square tripod,” with a square.....
Li-fan Yüan (Chinese government bureau)
government bureau established in the 17th century by China’s Qing (Manchu) dynasty to handle relations with the peoples of Inner Asia. It signified the growing interest of China in Central Asia....
Li-Fournier Convention (Chinese history)
The subsequent Li–Fournier Convention called for the admittance of French trade through the Tongking area of North Vietnam, the withdrawal of Chinese troops from the area, and the recognition of French rights in North Vietnam. In return, China was not required to pay any indemnity. Meanwhile, the war party again became dominant in China, and it refused to accept any loss of sovereignty......
Li-hsien Chiang (river, Asia)
one of the chief tributaries of the Red River (Song Hong) in southeastern Asia. Nearly 500 miles (800 km) long, the river rises in central Yunnan province in southwestern China and flows southeastward into northwestern Vietnam on a course parallel to the Red River. Near the city of ...
Li–Itō Convention (Japanese and Chinese history)
...seized power in a coup d’état and formulated a bold blueprint for reform. Chinese troops, however, moved in and overthrew their three-day-old regime. This led in 1885 to the signing of the Li-Itō Convention, designed to guarantee a Sino-Japanese balance of power on the Korean peninsula....
Li-ma-tou (Italian Jesuit missionary)
Italian Jesuit missionary who introduced Christian teaching to the Chinese empire in the 16th century. He lived there for nearly 30 years and was a pioneer in the attempt at mutual comprehension between China and the West. By adopting the language and culture of the country, he gained entrance to the interior of China, which was normally closed to foreigners....
li-shu (Chinese script)
in Chinese calligraphy, a style that may have originated in the brush writing of the later Zhou and Qin dynasties (c. 300–200 bc); it represents a more informal tradition than the zhuanshu (“seal script”), which was more suitable for inscriptions cast in the ritual bronzes. While examples of ...
LIA (geochronology)
climate interval that occurred from the early 14th century through the mid-19th century, when mountain glaciers expanded at several locations, including the European Alps, New Zealand, Alaska, and the southern Andes, and mean annual temperatures across the Northern Hemisphere declined by 0.6 °C (1.1 °F) relative to the average temperature between 1000 and 2000 ...
Lia (biblical figure)
in the Old Testament (primarily in Genesis), first wife of Jacob (later Israel) and the traditional ancestor of five of the 12 tribes of Israel. Leah was the mother of six of Jacob’s sons: Reuben, Simeon, Levi, Issachar, Zebulun, and Judah; Judah was the ancestor of King David and, according to the ...
Lia Fail
stone that for centuries was associated with the crowning of Scottish kings and then, in 1296, was taken to England and later placed under the Coronation Chair. The stone, weighing 336 pounds (152 kg), is a rectangular block of pale yellow sandstone (almost certainly of Scottish origin) measuring 26 inches (66 cm) by 16 inches (41 cm) by 11 inches (28 cm). A ...
liabilities (accounting)
...describes the resources under a company’s control on a specified date and indicates where they have come from. It consists of three major sections: assets (valuable rights owned by the company), liabilities (funds provided by outside lenders and other creditors), and the owners’ equity. On the balance sheet, total assets must always equal total liabilities plus total owners...
liability (law)
in law, a broad term including almost every type of duty, obligation, debt, responsibility, or hazard arising by way of contract, tort, or statute....
liability (accounting)
...describes the resources under a company’s control on a specified date and indicates where they have come from. It consists of three major sections: assets (valuable rights owned by the company), liabilities (funds provided by outside lenders and other creditors), and the owners’ equity. On the balance sheet, total assets must always equal total liabilities plus total owners...
liability insurance
insurance against claims of loss or damage for which a policyholder might have to compensate another party. The policy covers losses resulting from acts or omissions which are legally deemed to be negligent and which result in damage to the person, property, or legitimate interests of others....
liability, limited (law)
condition under which the loss that an owner (shareholder) of a business firm may incur is limited to the amount of capital invested by him in the business and does not extend to his personal assets. Acceptance of this principle by business enterprises and governments was a vital factor in the development of large-scale industry, because it enabled business concerns to mobilize large amounts of c...
liability management (economics)
...normal course of business. The new approaches enabled banks to manage the liability as well as the asset side of their balance sheets. Such active purchasing and selling of funds by banks, known as liability management, allows bankers to exploit profitable lending opportunities without being limited by a lack of funds for loans. Once liability management became an established practice in the......
liability, manufacturer’s (law)
legal concept or doctrine that holds manufacturers or sellers responsible, or liable, for harm caused by defective products sold in the marketplace. Manufacturer’s liability is usually determined on any of three bases: (1) negligence, which is the failure to exercise reasonable care to prevent product defects arising out of the manufacturing process, or which is the fail...
Liadov, Anatoly (Russian composer)
Russian composer whose orchestral works and poetic, beautifully polished piano miniatures earned him a position of stature in Russian Romantic music....
Liaison Council of Neutral Labour Unions (Japanese labour organization)
Japanese trade-union federation (1961–87) whose members were primarily employed in private enterprise. Although some of the individual member unions were identified with political parties, the federation itself was independent. Chūritsurōren often cooperated with the General Council of Japanese Trade Uni...
“Liaisons dangereuses, Les” (work by Laclos)
novel by Pierre Choderlos de Laclos, first published in 1782 as Les Liaisons dangereuses. The work, also translated as Dangerous Acquaintances, is considered one of the earliest examples of the psychological novel....
Lialis burtonis (reptile)
Burton’s snake-lizard (Lialis burtonis) is one of the larger flap-footed lizards, reaching about 29 cm (11 inches) in body length with an even longer tail. It is found throughout most of Australia and dwells on the ground in leaf litter and other surface debris. L. burtonis preys on other lizards, which are swallowed whole. Its flexi...
Liamuiga, Mount (mountain, Saint Kitts and Nevis)
...and five miles wide, is oval in shape, and has an area of 68 square miles (176 square kilometres). A volcanic mountainous ridge down the centre forms a semicircle around a plain in the southeast. Mount Liamuiga (formerly Mount Misery), with a lake in its forested crater, is the highest point (3,792 feet [1,156 metres]). The soil (except in the mountains) is light and porous. Most of the......
liana (plant)
any long-stemmed, woody vine that is rooted in the soil and climbs or twines around other plants. They are a conspicuous component of tropical forest ecosystems and represent one of the most important structural differences between tropical and temperate forests. Flatten...
liane (plant)
any long-stemmed, woody vine that is rooted in the soil and climbs or twines around other plants. They are a conspicuous component of tropical forest ecosystems and represent one of the most important structural differences between tropical and temperate forests. Flatten...
Liang Bingjun (Chinese writer, cultural critic, and scholar)
Ye Xi (Liang Bingjun) was a writer, cultural critic, and scholar who contributed to the introduction of a number of modern literary conventions into Hong Kong literature in the 1970s. Other writers who came into prominence at that time and had strong local identities are Xiao Xi (Lo Weiluan), essayist and literary historian; Wang Guobin, poet and essayist; Ji Hun (Hu Guoyan), Gu Cangwu (Gu......
Liang Bolong (Chinese dramatist)
Chinese playwright and author of the first play of the Kun school (kunqu) of dramatic singing. When his great actor friend Wei Liangfu developed a new, subtler, and quieter style of dramatic singing, he asked Liang to create a showcase for his new s...
Liang Ch’en-yü (Chinese dramatist)
Chinese playwright and author of the first play of the Kun school (kunqu) of dramatic singing. When his great actor friend Wei Liangfu developed a new, subtler, and quieter style of dramatic singing, he asked Liang to create a showcase for his new s...
Liang Chenyu (Chinese dramatist)
Chinese playwright and author of the first play of the Kun school (kunqu) of dramatic singing. When his great actor friend Wei Liangfu developed a new, subtler, and quieter style of dramatic singing, he asked Liang to create a showcase for his new s...
Liang Ch’i-ch’ao (Chinese scholar)
the foremost intellectual leader of China in the first two decades of the 20th century....
Liang Congjie (Chinese environmentalist)
Aug. 4, 1932Beijing, ChinaOct. 28, 2010BeijingChinese environmentalist who cofounded (1994) China’s first government-approved conservation group, the Friends of Nature, and established the country’s environmental movement. Unlike some international groups that favoured extreme...
Liang dynasty (Chinese history)
In the Nan (Southern) Liang dynasty critical works were written on literature and calligraphy; and, about the mid-6th century, the painter Xie He compiled the earliest work on art theory that has survived in China, the Guhuapinlu (“Classified Record of Painters of Former Times”). In this work he grades 27 painters in three classes, prefacing his list with a short......
Liang Gaozu (emperor of Southern Liang dynasty)
posthumous name (shi) of the founder and first emperor (502–549) of the Nan (Southern) Liang dynasty (502–557), which briefly held sway over South China. A great patron of Buddhism, he helped establish that religion in the south of China....
Liang Kai (Chinese painter)
Chinese painter known primarily for paintings that reflect his interest in Chan (Japanese: Zen) Buddhism....
Liang K′ai (Chinese painter)
Chinese painter known primarily for paintings that reflect his interest in Chan (Japanese: Zen) Buddhism....
Liang Qichao (Chinese scholar)
the foremost intellectual leader of China in the first two decades of the 20th century....
Liang Shaobai (Chinese dramatist)
Chinese playwright and author of the first play of the Kun school (kunqu) of dramatic singing. When his great actor friend Wei Liangfu developed a new, subtler, and quieter style of dramatic singing, he asked Liang to create a showcase for his new s...
Liang Shih-ch’iu (Chinese author)
writer, translator, and literary critic known for his devastating critique of modern romantic Chinese literature and for his insistence on the aesthetic, rather than the propagandistic, purpose of literary expression....
Liang Shiqiu (Chinese author)
writer, translator, and literary critic known for his devastating critique of modern romantic Chinese literature and for his insistence on the aesthetic, rather than the propagandistic, purpose of literary expression....
Liang Shu-ming (Chinese philosopher)
neo-Confucian philosopher and writer who attempted to demonstrate the relevance of Confucianism to China’s problems in the 20th century. A believer in the unity of thought and action, Liang became a leader in attempts at peasant organization. He also was active in the ill-fated Democratic League, a political organization that tried to steer a middle course between the Chinese communists and...
Liang Shuming (Chinese philosopher)
neo-Confucian philosopher and writer who attempted to demonstrate the relevance of Confucianism to China’s problems in the 20th century. A believer in the unity of thought and action, Liang became a leader in attempts at peasant organization. He also was active in the ill-fated Democratic League, a political organization that tried to steer a middle course between the Chinese communists and...
Liang Sicheng (Chinese architect)
...With so little change being possible, and only slow, nearly invisible evolution taking place, with no one to take credit for it, it is understandable that until the late 1920s, with the research of Liang Sicheng (1901–72), Liang’s wife, Lin Huiyin (1904–55), and Liu Dunzhen (1896–1968), no one even knew which buildings were truly old and which were new....
Liang Ssu-ch’eng (Chinese architect)
...With so little change being possible, and only slow, nearly invisible evolution taking place, with no one to take credit for it, it is understandable that until the late 1920s, with the research of Liang Sicheng (1901–72), Liang’s wife, Lin Huiyin (1904–55), and Liu Dunzhen (1896–1968), no one even knew which buildings were truly old and which were new....
Liang Zhihua (Chinese author)
writer, translator, and literary critic known for his devastating critique of modern romantic Chinese literature and for his insistence on the aesthetic, rather than the propagandistic, purpose of literary expression....
Liang-chieh (Chinese monk)
The sect was founded in China in the 9th century by Liang-chieh and Pen-chi, where it was known as Ts’ao-tung (after its monastic centres on the mountains Ts’ao and Tung). It was transmitted to Japan by Dōgen, who founded the Eihei Temple in 1244 in what is now Fukui prefecture, and further popularized in the 13th–14th century by Keizan....
Liang-chu culture (anthropology)
Sites of the Liangzhu culture (from the last half of the 4th to the last half of the 3rd millennium) have generally been found in the same area. The pots were mainly wheel-made, clay-tempered gray ware with a black skin and were produced by reduction firing; oxidized redware was less prevalent. Some of the serving stand and tripod shapes had evolved from Majiabang prototypes, while other vessel......
Liangshan Yi Autonomous Prefecture (autonomous area, China)
The autonomous prefectures are the Aba Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, with its headquarters at Ma’erkang (Barkam); the Ganzi Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, with its capital at Kangding; and the Liangshan Yi Autonomous Prefecture, with its capital at Xichang. As a rule, the autonomous prefectures represent little more than a symbolic cultural indulgence of local minorities. The actual contro...
Liangwang Mountains (mountains, China)
lake lying to the south of Kunming in Yunnan province, southern China. Lake Dian is located in Yunnan’s largest grouping of lake basins, in the eastern part of the province and south of the Liangwang Mountains, which reach an elevation of some 8,740 feet (2,664 metres). The lake is about 25 miles (40 km) from north to south, 8 miles (13 km) wide, and 25 feet (8 metres) deep. The mountains r...
liangzhi (Chinese philosophy)
...his competence in practical affairs, Wang’s primary concern was moral education, which he felt had to be grounded in the “original substance” of the mind. This he later identified as liangzhi (“good conscience”), by which he meant innate knowledge or a primordial existential awareness possessed by every human being. He further suggested that good consci...
Liangzhou (China)
city, southwestern Shaanxi sheng (province), central China. It is situated in a long, narrow, and fertile basin along the Han River, between the Qin (Tsinling) and Micang mountain ranges. To the north one of the few routes across the Qin Mountains...
Liangzhou jinwenci daxi tulu kaoshi (work by Guo Moruo)
...Tolstoy, Upton Sinclair, and other Western authors. He also produced historical and philosophical treatises, including his monumental study of inscriptions on oracle bones and bronze vessels, Liangzhou jinwenci daxi tulu kaoshi (1935; new ed. 1957; “Corpus of Inscriptions on Bronzes from the Two Zhou Dynasties”). In this work he attempted to demonstrate, according to....
liangzhu (Chinese architecture)
...The flexible triangular truss is placed transverse to the front side of the building and defines a gable-type roof by means of a stepped-up series of elevated tie beams (tailiang, “terraced beams,” for which this entire system of architecture is named; also known as liangzhu, or “beams-and-columns”); the gable-end...
Liangzi, Lake (lake, China)
...river reaches the plain. Water levels fluctuate considerably between the flood and low-flow seasons. In addition, the presence of a number of large lakes, including Dongting Lake and Lakes Hong and Liangzi, also causes considerable fluctuations in water volume. The total area of the lakes, at average water levels, is some 6,600 square miles (17,100 square km). The lakes are of national economic...
lianliu (plant)
...along the coasts of the Bo Hai and southern Shandong near the Jiangsu border. Many of the halophytic shrubs are harvested for fuel and are used for salt manufacture. Lianliu, a shrub with long willowy branches, is used for basket weaving, while other plants are woven into thatch mattings and sunshades. Poplars, pines, and arborvitae (an aromatic......
Lianyungang (China)
city and seaport, northern Jiangsu sheng (province), eastern China. It is situated near the mouth of the Qiangwei River and at the northern end of a network of canals centred on the Yunyan River that is associated with the innumerable salt pans of the coastal distric...
Liao (people)
any member of a Mongol people that ruled Manchuria and part of North China from the 10th to the early 12th century under the Liao dynasty. See also Manchuria....
Liao Ch’en-Yün (Chinese revolutionary)
LIAO Ch’EN-YÜN), Chinese revolutionary (b. 1905?, Shanghai, China--d. April 10, 1995, Beijing, China), was one of the last surviving members of the fledgling Communist Party’s 10,000-km (6,000-mi) Long March (1934-35) from southeastern to northwestern China to escape Chiang Kai-shek’s Nationalist troops. During his entire life Chen, who had no formal education, remaine...
Liao dynasty (Chinese history)
(907–1125), in Chinese history, dynasty formed by the nomadic Khitan (Chinese: Qidan) tribes in much of what now constitutes the provinces of the Northeast region (Manchuria) and the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region of China. Adopting the Chinese dynastic name of Liao, the Khitan created a dual gove...
Liao He (river, China)
river in the southern part of the Northeast region (Manchuria) in Liaoning province and Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China. The Liao River system drains the southern part of the Northeast (Manchurian) Plain. Its drainage area is divided from the Sungari (Songhua) River basin to the northeast by a belt of land that has...
Liao Ho (river, China)
river in the southern part of the Northeast region (Manchuria) in Liaoning province and Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China. The Liao River system drains the southern part of the Northeast (Manchurian) Plain. Its drainage area is divided from the Sungari (Songhua) River basin to the northeast by a belt of land that has...
Liao River (river, China)
river in the southern part of the Northeast region (Manchuria) in Liaoning province and Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China. The Liao River system drains the southern part of the Northeast (Manchurian) Plain. Its drainage area is divided from the Sungari (Songhua) River basin to the northeast by a belt of land that has...
Liao River oil field (oil field, China)
...coal is used in Liaoning to produce synthetic petroleum. Petroleum is also produced from oil shale, which occurs in the Fushun area and in western Liaoning, generally overlying coal seams. The Liao River oil field, first developed in the late 1960s, has become one of China’s largest onshore producers....
Liao Taizu (emperor of Liao dynasty)
leader of the nomadic Mongol-speaking Khitan tribes who occupied the northern border of China....
Liao-ning (province, China)
sheng (province) in the Northeast region of China (formerly called Manchuria). It is bounded to the northeast by the province of Jilin, to the east by North Korea, to the south by the Yellow Sea, to the southwest by the province of Hebei, and to the northwest by th...
Liao-tung Pan-tao (peninsula, China)
large peninsula jutting out in a southwesterly direction from the southern coastline of Liaoning province, northeastern China. It partly separates the Bo Hai (Gulf of Chihli) to the west from Korea Bay to the east, and, with the Shandong Pen...
Liao-yang (China)
city, central Liaoning sheng (province), northeastern China. It is situated on the Taizi River some 30 miles (50 km) southwest of Shenyang (Mukden) and 12 miles (19 km) northeast of the great industrial city of Anshan....
Liao-yüan (China)
city, southwestern Jilin sheng (province), northeastern China. It is situated on the north bank of the upper Dongliao River, about 60 miles (100 km) south-southwest of Changchun....
Liaodong (historical province, China)
...the boundaries were altered and it was renamed Liaoning (roughly, “Liao Peace”). From 1947 to 1954 the territory was divided into a western province, Liaoxi, and an eastern province, Liaodong. In 1954, however, a northern zone was detached and it was reestablished as a single province. It achieved its present form in 1956, when the former province of Jehol (Rehe) was partitioned.....
Liaodong Bandao (peninsula, China)
large peninsula jutting out in a southwesterly direction from the southern coastline of Liaoning province, northeastern China. It partly separates the Bo Hai (Gulf of Chihli) to the west from Korea Bay to the east, and, with the Shandong Pen...
Liaodong Peninsula (peninsula, China)
large peninsula jutting out in a southwesterly direction from the southern coastline of Liaoning province, northeastern China. It partly separates the Bo Hai (Gulf of Chihli) to the west from Korea Bay to the east, and, with the Shandong Pen...
Liaoning (province, China)
sheng (province) in the Northeast region of China (formerly called Manchuria). It is bounded to the northeast by the province of Jilin, to the east by North Korea, to the south by the Yellow Sea, to the southwest by the province of Hebei, and to the northwest by th...
Liaoxi (historical province, China)
...in 1907 and named Fengtian; in 1929 the boundaries were altered and it was renamed Liaoning (roughly, “Liao Peace”). From 1947 to 1954 the territory was divided into a western province, Liaoxi, and an eastern province, Liaodong. In 1954, however, a northern zone was detached and it was reestablished as a single province. It achieved its present form in 1956, when the former provin...
Liaoyang (China)
city, central Liaoning sheng (province), northeastern China. It is situated on the Taizi River some 30 miles (50 km) southwest of Shenyang (Mukden) and 12 miles (19 km) northeast of the great industrial city of Anshan....
Liaoyuan (China)
city, southwestern Jilin sheng (province), northeastern China. It is situated on the north bank of the upper Dongliao River, about 60 miles (100 km) south-southwest of Changchun....
“Liaozhai zhiyi” (work by Pu Songling)
...language”) a series of 431 charming stories of the uncanny and the supernatural entitled Liao-chai chih-i (1766; “Strange Stories from the Liao-chai Studio”; Eng. trans., Strange Stories from a Chinese Studio). This collection, completed in 1679, was reminiscent of the early literary tale tradition, for it contained several T’ang stories retold with emb...
Liapchev, Andrei (prime minister of Bulgaria)
statesman, prime minister of Bulgaria through several years of continuing national tension (1926–31)....
Liapis, Ioannis (Greek archbishop)
archbishop of Athens and all Greece (from 2008) and head of the Orthodox Church of Greece....
Liaquat Ali Khan (prime minister of Pakistan)
first prime minister of Pakistan (1947–51). Born the son of a landowner, Liaquat was educated at Aligarh, Allahabad, and Exeter College, Oxford. A barrister by profession, like his leader, Mohammed Ali Jinnah, he entered pol...
Liar Dice (dice game)
A variant of poker dice, liar dice, as the name suggests, permits bluffing. Each player shields his throws and announces his hand, either truthfully or not. The second player, named the caller, or doubter, may either attempt a better hand or call the bluff. If the caller is correct in his call, he wins; if not, he loses....
Liar Liar (film by Shadyac [1997])
After the black comedy The Cable Guy (1996)—which fared poorly at the box office—Carrey scored a hit with Liar Liar (1997). In the film he played a fast-talking lawyer forced—by a magic spell invoked by his young son’s birthday wish—to tell the truth for one day. Carrey received Golden Globe Awards for his work in...
liar paradox
the paradox that if “This sentence is not true” is true, then it is not true, and if it is not true, then it is true. This example shows that certain formulations of words, though grammatically correct, are logically nonsensical. The English philosopher Bertrand Russell, in developing the ...
Liar, The (work by Corneille)
...Théodore (performed 1646), which was his first taste of failure, and Héraclius (performed 1647). But in 1643 Corneille had successfully turned to comedy with Le Menteur (The Liar), following it with the less successful La Suite du Menteur (performed 1645; Sequel to the Liar). Both were lively comedies of intrigue, adapted from......
Liar, The (work by Goldoni)
...promised defecting patrons 16 new comedies and produced some of his best, notably I pettegolezzi delle donne (“Women’s Gossip”), a play in Venetian dialect; Il bugiardo (The Liar, 1922), written in commedia dell’arte style; and Il vero amico (“The True Friend”), an Italian comedy of manners....
Liard River (river, Canada)
river in northwestern Canada. It rises in the Saint Cyr Range of the Pelly Mountains, Yukon, and flows southeast into British Columbia, then northeast to join the Mackenzie River at Fort Simpson in the ...
Liatris (plant genus)
genus of perennial herbs of the family Asteraceae, containing approximately 40 species, native to North America. They have tall spikelike clusters of purple or pinkish purple flower heads that are surrounded by many scaly bracts (leaflike structures). Their long thin lea...
Liatris spicata (plant)
genus of perennial herbs of the family Asteraceae, containing approximately 40 species, native to North America. They have tall spikelike clusters of purple or pinkish purple flower heads that are surrounded by many scaly bracts (leaflike structures). Their long thin lea...
Liatris squarrosa (Liatris squarrosa)
...the stem and frequently bear resinous dots. Some species of Liatris are cultivated as border plants or in wildflower gardens. Some are known variously as button snakeroot, gay feather, and blazing star....
Liatroim (county, Ireland)
county in the province of Connaught (Connacht), Ireland. It is bounded by Northern Ireland (east) and Counties Donegal (north), Cavan (east), Longford (south), and Roscommon and Sligo (west). The southern part of the county is a lowland covered by ...
Lībān, Tāddasa (Ethiopian author)
...and God, the difficulties of life, and the importance of humility and acceptance. Kabbada Mika’el wrote drama reinforcing Christian values, attacking materialism, and exploring historical events. Taddasa Liban wrote short stories that examine the relationship between the old and the new in Ethiopian society. Asras Asfa Wasan wrote poetry and historical novels about political events, incl...