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Nowshera (Pakistan)
town, North-West Frontier Province, northern Pakistan. Lying on a sandy plain surrounded by hills, on the banks of the Kābul River (there bridged), Nowshera is a commercial and industrial centre that is connected by rail and road with Dargai (Malākand Pass), Mardān, Peshāwar, and Rāwalpindi. The town’s industries include cotton, wool, an...
Nowy Sącz (Poland)
city, Małopolskie województwo (province), southern Poland. It lies along the Dunajec River, a tributary of the Vistula River. Nowy Sącz is situated in the fertile Kotlina Sądecka (S...
nowzad (Parsi rite)
A corresponding rite among Parsis (whose ancient homeland was Iran) is called nowzād (Persian: “new birth”); it invests both six-year-old boys and girls with a thread worn around the waist. Some scholars suggest that this indicates a common and ancient Indo-Iranian origin of the two ceremonies....
Nox (novel by Hettche)
...Helden wie wir (1995; Heroes Like Us) was a satiric reworking of the debate about the East German secret police. Thomas Hettche’s Nox (1995; “Night”) has a strangely omniscient narrator in the form of a young man whose throat has been slit in a sadomasochistic sexual act during the night the Wall cam...
Noyan Hutuqtu (Mongolian lama)
The a-che-lha-mo did not spread from Tibet into other parts of Central Asia until the 19th century. According to tradition, the Mongolian lama Noyan Hutuqtu (1803–56) studied a-che-lha-mo as performed in the Kokonor (Tsinghai) region of northeastern Tibet and then introduced his own adaptations of it at Tulgatu-yin keyid, his own monastery near the village of Saynshand, in......
Noyce, Robert (American engineer)
American engineer and coinventor of the integrated circuit, a system of interconnected transistors on a single silicon microchip....
Noyce, Robert Norton (American engineer)
American engineer and coinventor of the integrated circuit, a system of interconnected transistors on a single silicon microchip....
Noyes, Alfred (British poet)
English poet, a traditionalist remembered chiefly for his lyrical verse....
Noyes, Blanche (aviator)
...number of charter members. Thaden served as the organization’s first secretary and Earhart as its first president; The Ninety-Nines exists to this day. On Sept. 4, 1936, Thaden and fellow aviator Blanche Noyes, flying a Beechcraft Staggerwing, a large and powerful biplane designed for business travelers, became the first women to win the Bendix Transcontinental Air Race, flown that year ...
Noyes, Eliot (American industrial designer)
...(1961), that were shown throughout the nation and within World’s Fair pavilions. Other designers who made important contributions to American industry in the postwar era include Eliot Noyes, an employee of Norman Bel Geddes who in the 1950s and ’60s redesigned IBM’s product line, most notably the Selectric typewriter (1961); Richard Ten Eyck, who designed Cessna airplanes.....
Noyes, John Humphrey (American religious leader)
founder of the Oneida Community, the most successful of the utopian socialist communities in the United States....
Noyon (France)
town, Oise département, Picardy région, northern France. It lies north-northeast of Paris. The town, on the lower slopes and at the foot of a hill, occupies both banks of the Verse River, which is a tributary of the Oise. Noyon formerly was an important ecclesiastical centre. Its Cathedral of Notre-Dame is a fine transitional late 1...
Noyon, Peace of (Europe [1516])
...peace. Within the year, the new king of Spain, Charles I (ruled 1516–56), who had succeeded his maternal grandfather, Ferdinand II, as coruler because of his mother’s insanity, signed the Peace of Noyon (Aug. 13, 1516), which gave Milan to France and confirmed Naples for Spain. The peace would not endure, however, as local Italian affairs became subordinated to the dynastic strugg...
Noyori Ryōji (Japanese chemist)
Japanese chemist who, with K. Barry Sharpless and William S. Knowles, won the Nobel Prize for Chemistry in 2001 for developing the first chiral catalysts....
“Nóz w wodzie” (film by Polanski [1962])
Polish psychological thriller film, released in 1962, that was director Roman Polanski’s acclaimed first feature-length movie; it was also the first Polish movie to be nominated for an Academy Award for best foreign-language film....
Nozaki Bunzō (Japanese author)
Japanese writer of humorous fiction who brought a traditional satirical art to bear on the peculiarities of Japanese society in the process of modernization....
Nozick, Robert (American philosopher)
American philosopher, best known for his rigorous defense of libertarianism in his first major work, Anarchy, State, and Utopia (1974). A wide-ranging thinker, Nozick also made important contributions to epistemology, the problem of personal identity, and ...
Nozomi (Japanese space probe)
unsuccessful Japanese space probe that was designed to measure the interaction between the solar wind and the Martian upper atmosphere. Nozomi was launched on July 4, 1998, from Kagoshima Space Center, making Japan the third country (after the Soviet Union...
“nozze di Figaro, Le” (opera by Mozart)
...of Jewish descent who was a talented poet and librettist to the court theatre. At Mozart’s suggestion he wrote a libretto, Le nozze di Figaro, based on Beaumarchais’s revolutionary comedy, Le Mariage de Figaro, but with most of the political sting removed. Nonetheless, the music of Figaro makes the social distinctions clear. Figaro, as well as the later...
nozzle (mechanics)
...Figure 6); the cooler air is otherwise difficult to burn in the low-pressure environment of an afterburner. Also, in both the turbojet and the turbofan with an afterburner, the exhaust nozzle must have a variable throat area to accommodate the large variations in volumetric flow rate between the very hot exhaust stream from the operating afterburner and the cooler airst...
NP (political party, Philippines)
Filipino statesman, founder of the Nationalist Party (Partido Nacionalista) and president of the Philippines from 1944 to 1946....
Np (chemical element)
radioactive chemical element of the actinoid series of the periodic table, first transuranium element to be artificially produced, atomic number 93. Though traces of neptunium have subsequently been found in nature, where it is not...
NP (political party, South Africa)
South African political party, founded in 1914, which ruled the country from 1948 to 1994. Its following included most of the Dutch-descended Afrikaners and many English-speaking whites. The National Party was long dedicated to policies of apartheid an...
NP problem (mathematics)
A problem is called NP (nondeterministic polynomial) if its solution can be guessed and verified in polynomial time; nondeterministic means that no particular rule is followed to make the guess. If a problem is NP and all other NP problems are polynomial-time reducible to it, the problem is NP-complete. Thus, finding an efficient algorithm for any NP-complete problem implies that an efficient......
NP-complete problem (mathematics)
any of a class of computational problems for which no efficient solution algorithm has been found. Many significant computer-science problems belong to this class—e.g., the traveling salesman problem, satisfiability problems, and graph-covering problems....
NP-hard problem (mathematics)
A problem is NP-hard if an algorithm for its solution can be modified to solve any NP problem—or any P problem, for that matter, as P problems are a subset of NP problems. (Not all NP-hard problems are members of the class of NP problems, however.) A problem that is both NP and NP-hard is said to be NP-complete. Thus, finding an efficient algorithm for any NP-complete problem implies that.....
NPA (political organization, Philippines)
military arm of the Communist Party of the Philippines, Marxist-Leninist (CPP-ML), which is a Communist organization dedicated to achieving power in the Philippines by means of revolutionary insurrection. The CPP-ML was originally a Maoist faction that broke away from the largely passive, Soviet-oriented Philippine Communist Party in 1968–69 and formed the New People’s Army shortly a...
NPC (political party, Nigeria)
Nigerian politician, leader in the Northern Peoples Congress (NPC), and the first federal prime minister. A commoner by birth, an unusual origin for a political leader in the NPC, Balewa was both a defender of northern special interests and an advocate of reform and Nigerian unity....
NPC (government organization, China)
In deference to the sensitive anniversaries of Tiananmen and the founding of the republic, Chinese politics during 2009 was even more carefully scripted than usual. When the National People’s Congress (NPC) met in March, talks focused on ensuring economic growth of at least 8% for the year; the legislature also endorsed the government’s ongoing security clampdown in Tibet and ...
NPC (biology)
Blobel’s later research focused specifically on a porelike channel in the nuclear envelope (the membrane surrounding the cell nucleus). This channel came to be known as the nuclear pore complex (NPC). The NPC is one of the largest protein-based components found in cells and provides the main method of transport for proteins between the cytoplasm and the nucleus. Blobel was primarily concern...
NPCC (Somalian company)
...Bananas, the major crop, are exported through Kismaayo (Chisimayu), a port located 35 miles (56 km) to the south. Cotton, peanuts (groundnuts), and corn (maize) are also grown in the area. The National Plastic and Carton Company was established at Jamaame in collaboration with the Italian government in 1974. This industry was able to promote banana exports when it developed a local packing......
NPF (political organization, Iraq)
...by enlisting the support of other political parties. Since the March Manifesto had established a basis for settling the Kurdish problem, Kurdish political parties were willing to participate in the National Progressive Front (NPF). The ICP had also shown interest. A Charter for National Action, prepared by the Baʿth Party, was published in the press for public discussion and became the.....
NPFL (military organization, Liberia)
...nearly $1 million, and the following year Taylor fled to the United States, where he was jailed. Before he could be extradited, he escaped and subsequently appeared in Libya, where he formed the National Patriotic Front of Liberia (NPFL), a militia group that invaded the country in late 1989....
NPN (political party, Nigeria)
Ojukwu remained in Côte d’Ivoire until 1982, when he was pardoned and returned to Nigeria. He joined the National Party of Nigeria (NPN) in January 1983 and subsequently attempted to reenter politics by running as an NPN candidate; his bid for the senate representing the state of Onitsha was unsuccessful. He was detained for 10 months following a coup that brought Muhammad Buhari to ...
NPP (biology)
...substances. The total amount of productivity in a region or system is gross primary productivity. A certain amount of organic material is used to sustain the life of producers; what remains is net productivity. Net marine primary productivity is the amount of organic material available to support the consumers (herbivores and carnivores) of the sea. The standing crop is the total biomass......
NPP (political party, Ghana)
The general election on Dec. 7, 2008, dominated politics in Ghana as citizens looked forward to a peaceful turnover of power. The ruling New Patriotic Party (NPP) had effectively kicked off the campaign on Dec. 23, 2007, by nominating Nana Akufo-Addo, a former foreign minister, as its presidential candidate. The NPP faced tough competition from the former ruling party, the National Democratic......
NPR (American organization)
the public radio network of the United States. Based in Washington, D.C., NPR offers a broad range of high-quality news and cultural programming to local public radio stations....
NPS (political party, Suriname)
...served as a catalyst for political mobilization. Political parties were set up, most of them organized along ethnic lines. The light-skinned Creole elite, who opposed universal suffrage, set up the Suriname National Party (Nationale Partij Suriname; NPS). The Progressive Suriname People’s Party (Progressieve Suriname Volkspartij; PSV) organized the working-class Creoles. Eventually, the ...
NPT (international agreement)
agreement of July 1, 1968, signed by the United Kingdom, the United States, the Soviet Union, and 59 other states, under which the three major signatories, which possessed nuclear weapons, agreed not to assist other states in obtaining or producing them. The treaty became effective in March 1970 and was to remain so for a ...
NPV (election law)
Some advocates of reform, recognizing the enormous constitutional hurdle, instead focused their efforts on passing a so-called National Popular Vote (NPV) bill through state legislatures. State legislatures that enacted the NPV would agree that their state’s electoral votes would be cast for the winner of the national popular vote—even if that person was not the winner of the state...
NQR spectroscopy (physics)
The second set of molecular interactions form the basis for nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, electron spin resonance (ESR) spectroscopy, and nuclear quadrupole resonance (NQR) spectroscopy. The first two arise, respectively, from the interaction of the magnetic moment of a nucleus or an electron with an external magnetic field. The nature of this interaction is highly dependent on......
NR (rubber)
Four common elastomers are cis-polyisoprene (natural rubber, NR), cis-polybutadiene (butadiene rubber, BR), styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR), and ethylene-propylene monomer (EPM). SBR is a mixed polymer, or copolymer, consisting of two different monomer units, styrene and butadiene, arranged randomly along the molecular chain. (The structure of SBR is illustrated in the figure.) EPM......
NRA (United States history)
U.S. government agency established by President Franklin D. Roosevelt to stimulate business recovery through fair-practice codes during the Great Depression. The NRA was an essential element in the National Industrial Recovery Act (June 1933), which authorized the president to institute industry-wide codes intended to eliminate unfair trade pr...
NRA (British organization)
...activities in the second half of the 20th century was highly effective political lobbying against various legislative proposals for the control of firearms. The American NRA was modeled after the National Rifle Association in Great Britain, which had been formed in 1860. Both the British and U.S. groups sponsor regional and national competitions and select teams for international events. The......
NRA (American political organization)
...long as there was a “safety valve” (i.e., cheap farmland) to draw off excess workers. Believing that land policies could be changed through political action, Evans organized the National Reform Association. Through its numerous state branches, the organization pressed for free homesteads in the West. The group’s motto was “Vote yourself a farm,” and Con...
NRA (military organization, Uganda)
...and exile in 1985 and to the seizure of power by an Acholi general, Tito Okello. This, however, could not prevent a victory for Museveni’s force of southern fighters, who now called themselves the National Resistance Army (NRA), and Museveni became president on January 29, 1986. While a new constitution was being drafted, an indirectly elected National Resistance Council, dominated by th...
NRAO (observatory, Green Bank, West Virginia, United States)
the national radio observatory of the United States. It is funded by the National Science Foundation and is managed by Associated Universities, Inc., a consortium of nine leading private universities. Its headquarters are in Charlottesville, Va....
NRC (American organization)
In 1916 the academy established the National Research Council to coordinate the activities of various scientists and engineers in universities, industry, and government; the council issues many publications and awards a number of postdoctoral fellowships. In 1950 the Academy and the Council were administratively joined. In 1964 the National Academy of Engineering was organized under the 1963......
NRC (Ghanaian government agency)
...prices then obtained by cocoa on the world market, was slow to produce the results expected of it. In January 1972 impatient army officers intervened again, and the government was taken over by a National Redemption Council (NRC) of military men chaired by Col. Ignatius Kutu Acheampong. The national assembly was dissolved, public meetings prohibited, political parties proscribed, and leading......
NRC (United States organization)
an independent regulatory agency that is responsible for overseeing the civilian use of nuclear materials in the United States. The NRC was established on Oct. 11, 1974, by President Gerald Ford...
NREM sleep
Non-rapid eye movement, or NREM, sleep itself is conventionally subdivided into three different stages on the basis of EEG criteria: stage 1, stage 2, and stage 3 (sometimes referred to as NREM 1, NREM 2, and NREM 3, or simply N1, N2, and N3). Stage 3 is often referred to as “slow-wave sleep” and traditionally was divided into stage 3 and stage 4, though both are now considered......
“NRF” (French review)
leading French review of literature and the other arts. It was founded in February 1909 (after a false start in November 1908) by a group that included André Gide, Jacques Copeau, and Jean Schlumberger. The NRF’s founders wished to emphasize aesthetic issues and to remain independent of any ...
Nri (historical kingdom, Africa)
...the Nile valley, and the Chad basin. It is believed that the bronzes were part of the furniture in the burial chamber of a high personage, possibly a forerunner of the eze nri, a priest-king, who held religious but not political power over large parts of the Igbo-inhabited region well into the 20th century....
nritta (dance)
...by telling stories about their lives and exploits. Three main components form the basis of these dances. They are natya, the dramatic element of the dance (i.e., the imitation of character); nritta, pure dance, in which the rhythms and phrases of the music are reflected in the decorative movements of the hands and body and in the stamping of the feet; and nritya, the portrayal of mood......
nritya (dance)
...the imitation of character); nritta, pure dance, in which the rhythms and phrases of the music are reflected in the decorative movements of the hands and body and in the stamping of the feet; and nritya, the portrayal of mood through facial expression, hand gesture, and position of the legs and feet....
NRL (laboratory, Washington, District of Columbia, United States)
...Germany. He taught at Michigan State College in East Lansing and at the universities of Wisconsin at Madison and North Dakota at Grand Forks. He was superintendent of the radio division of the U.S. Naval Research Laboratory from 1923 until 1945....
NRM (physics)
NRM (natural remanent magnetization) is the magnetization detected in a geologic in situ condition. The NRM of a substance may, of course, be a combination of any of the other remanent magnetizations described here....
NRM (political organization, Uganda)
...Yoweri Museveni’s insistence that he was not and could not be a dictator was challenged in January when the Uganda Joint Christian Council (UJCC) criticized a proposal by the governing party, the National Resistance Movement (NRM), that would prevent its own members from challenging motions brought before Parliament by the NRM. The NRM replied that the UJCC was not a member of the NRM an...
NRO (United States Air Force)
Eisenhower also decided to create a separate organization to manage the secret reconnaissance satellite program. This effort resulted in the National Reconnaissance Office (NRO), jointly directed by the Department of Defense and the Central Intelligence Agency. The very existence of this organization was kept secret until 1992. The NRO operated the initial Corona program until 1972. It......
NRP (political party, South Africa)
former South African political party founded in 1977 as the direct successor to the United Party....
NRTA (American organization)
...was founded in 1958 by a retired teacher, Ethel Percy Andrus, with the goal of helping older Americans remain physically and intellectually active by serving others. In 1982 the AARP merged with the National Retired Teachers Association (NRTA), an organization that Andrus had founded in 1947 to obtain pension and health insurance benefits for retired educators....
NRTI (drug)
...were living with HIV, and approximately 2.5 million people were newly infected with HIV. Drugs that inhibit reverse transcriptase were the first treatments available to people living with HIV. Nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs) such as AZT (zidovudine)—the first drug approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration to prolong the lives of AIDS patients—act by......
NRU (political party, Greece)
Karamanlis formed not only his government but also his own party, the National Radical Union (ERE), which in parliamentary elections in February 1956 obtained 161 seats out of 300. He retained a parliamentary majority in elections held in 1958 and 1961. As prime minister, Karamanlis helped Greece make a dramatic economic recovery from the devastation of World War II and the ensuing civil war......
NRW.BANK (German bank)
major German commercial and investment bank. Its owners (guarantors) are the state of North Rhine–Westphalia, the Regional Associations of the Rhineland and Westphalia-Lippe, and the Savings Banks and Giro Associations of the Rhineland and Westphalia-Lippe. Its headquarters are in Düsseldorf....
Ns (chemical element)
an artificially produced radioactive transuranium element in Group Vb of the periodic table, atomic number 105. The discovery of dubnium (...
NSA (United States agency)
U.S. intelligence agency within the Department of Defense that is responsible for cryptographic and communications intelligence and security. The NSA grew out of the communications intelligence activities of U.S. military units during ...
NSAID (medicine)
drug that reduces inflammation and is effective against pain (see analgesic) and fever. Most NSAIDs are available without prescription and are usually used for short periods for mild pain. Aspirin is technically an NSAID, but the term is generally applied to a newer class of drugs, includi...
Nsanje (Malawi)
town, southern Malawi, along the west bank of the Shire River and north of the Ndindi Marsh. It is home to the Manganja and Sena peoples, and as the country’s southernmost town, it serves as a customs post on the Mozambique border. It is also a trade and transportation centre on the north-south Blantyre-Bei...
NSBO (American organization)
The council-manager plan was devised and first advocated in the United States by the National Short Ballot Organization, which proposed to improve local and state government by reducing the number of elected officials. In 1913 Dayton, Ohio, was the first large city to adopt the plan. It spread quickly after that as the plan was adopted in many cities in the United States and Canada as well as......
NSC (biology)
largely undifferentiated cell originating in the central nervous system. Neural stem cells (NSCs) have the potential to give rise to offspring cells that grow and differentiate into neurons and glial cells (non-neuronal cells that insulate neurons and enhance the speed at which neurons send signals)....
NSC (National Security Council)
The National Security Council (NSC) was established in 1947 to advise the U.S. president on domestic, foreign, and military policies related to national security. The NSC is headed by the national security adviser, who is appointed by the president and not subject to confirmation by the U.S. Senate....
NSC (United States agency)
U.S. agency within the Executive Office of the President, established by the National Security Act in 1947 to advise the president on domestic, foreign, and military policies related to national security. The president of the United States is chairman of the NSC; other members include the vice president and the secretaries o...
NSC-68 (United States history)
...The Truman administration, backed by eastern Republicans and Eisenhower himself, persuaded Congress to commit four additional divisions to Europe. The Korean War also hastened implementation of NSC-68, a document drafted by Paul Nitze that called for a vigorous program of atomic and conventional rearmament to meet America’s global commitments....
NSDAP (political party, Germany)
political party of the mass movement known as National Socialism. Under the leadership of Adolf Hitler, the party came to power in Germany in 1933 and governed by totalitarian methods until 1945....
NSDUH (United States survey)
...Abuse (NIDA), which is part of the U.S. National Institutes of Health, is tasked with conducting research on drug use in the United States. NIDA monitors trends in drug abuse primarily through the National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH) and the Monitoring the Future (MTF) survey. The MTF tracks drug use and attitudes toward drugs among students in the 8th, 10th, and 12th grades. The......
Nsenga (people)
a Bantu-speaking people inhabiting the Luangwa River valley area of southeastern Zambia. It is difficult to differentiate the Nsenga from other eastern Zambian peoples, since they share many social customs with the neighbouring Bemba, Bisa, and Lila peoples to the north but share the use of the Nyanja language with their Che...
Nsengiyumva, Anatole (Rwandan military officer)
...also considered responsible for the murders of 10 UN peacekeepers from Belgium and the murder of Prime Minister Uwilingiyimana in 1994. The other three defendants were former military commanders Anatole Nsengiyumva and Aloys Ntabukuze and the former chief of military operations, Gratien Kabiligi. On Dec. 18, 2008, Bagosora was sentenced to life imprisonment for having masterminded the......
NSF (American organization)
an independent agency of the U.S. government that supports basic research and education in a wide range of sciences and in mathematics and engineering. It was inspired by advances in science and technology that occurred as a result of World War II; the NSF was established by the U.S. Congress in the National Science Foundation Act of 1950. From...
NSFNet (communications)
...the University of Pittsburgh, the University of California, San Diego, the University of Illinois, and Cornell University. In the 1980s NSF also funded the development and operation of the NSFNET, a national “backbone” network to connect these centres. By the late 1980s the network was operating at millions of bits per second. NSF also funded various nonprofit local and......
NSFNET (communications)
...the University of Pittsburgh, the University of California, San Diego, the University of Illinois, and Cornell University. In the 1980s NSF also funded the development and operation of the NSFNET, a national “backbone” network to connect these centres. By the late 1980s the network was operating at millions of bits per second. NSF also funded various nonprofit local and......
NSG (international organization)
voluntary association of 46 countries that are capable of exporting and transporting civilian nuclear technology and that have pledged to conduct the transfer of this technology under mutually agreed guidelines. The ultimate purpose of the NSG’s guidelines is to prevent civilian nuclear material, equipment, and technology from reaching countries that might use it to construct nucle...
NSHEB (British agency)
...killed, many in air attacks on Clydeside. In 1943 Tom Johnston, a Labour member of Parliament who acted as secretary of state for Scotland in the wartime national government, helped to create the North of Scotland Hydro-Electric Board, which was one of the most successful government agencies of the period....
Nsiä (African festival)
In Cameroon the Bamessing corn festival (Nsiä), which is celebrated in the dry season, opens with the mourning of the dead vegetation. Reminiscent of the Egyptian Osiris and the Mesopotamian Tammuz festivals, Nsiä emphasizes that the god who gave the nourishment has died and is being mourned like a chieftain. The chief, dying symbolically with the god, has to be strengthened with a.....
NSL (Australian sports organization)
...tournaments, football became defined as an “ethnic game.” As a result, teams from Melbourne and Sydney with distinctive Mediterranean connections were the most prominent members of the National Soccer League (NSL) when it started in 1977. The league has widened its scope, however, to include a highly successful Perth side, plus a Brisbane club and even one from Auckland, N.Z. The....
NSO (American orchestra)
American symphony orchestra based in Washington, D.C. It was founded in 1931 by Hans Kindler, who served as its first music director (1931–49). Subsequent directors have been Howard Mitchell (1949–69), Hungarian-born American Antal Dorati (1970–77), distinguished Russian cellist ...
NSP (political party, Turkey)
Lacking a majority, the CHP formed a coalition with the National Salvation Party (NSP), founded in 1972 as a successor to the banned NOP and led by Necmettin Erbakan. The electoral success of the NSP—which polled more than one-tenth of the vote—was striking. Although the constitution banned religious parties, the NSP was in all but name an Islamic party; in 1980 it called for the......
NSSFC (United States agency)
Because tornadoes are so uniquely life-threatening and because they are so common in various regions of the United States, the National Weather Service operates a National Severe Storms Forecasting Center (NSSFC) in Kansas City, Mo., where SELS forecasters survey the atmosphere for the conditions that can spawn tornadoes or severe thunderstorms. This group of SELS forecasters, assembled in......
NSU (political organization, Germany)
...shaped the journal Die Hilfe (“Assistance”) into a forum for his ideas. Later, under the influence of the young sociologist Max Weber, Naumann founded the National Social Union (1896), an organization that combined a program of democratic and social reform with a call to national strength. After 1903, however, having failed to establish a political.....
Nsukka (Nigeria)
university town, Enugu state, southern Nigeria. It lies in the Udi Hills at an elevation of 1,300 feet (396 m). Nsukka is an agricultural-trade centre for the yams, cassava (manioc), corn (maize), taro, pigeon peas, and palm oil and kernels produced by the local Igbo (Ibo) people. Weaving is a traditional local craft. Coal d...
Nsukka Plateau (plateau, Nigeria)
pair of plateaus in south-central Nigeria that form a nearly continuous elevated area. The Nsukka Plateau, which forms the main eastward-facing escarpment, extends about 80 miles (130 km) from Nsukka in the north to Enugu in the south. The Udi Plateau continues southward for about 100 miles (160 km) to a point near Okigwi. T...
NSWRL (sports organization)
...a professional team of New Zealand rugby players, known as the All Golds, prepared to travel to England to play against Northern Union clubs. The tour inspired Sydney clubs and players to form the New South Wales Rugby League (NSWRL) on Aug. 8, 1907. The NSWRL adopted the rules of the Northern Union and organized an Australian team to play against the All Golds before they left for England. In....
*NSYNC (American musical group)
American singer, songwriter, actor, and producer who was part of the teen pop revival of the 1990s and 2000s. He was a member of the hugely successful “boy band” *NSYNC before beginning his solo music career....
NT (species status)
...as a result of rapid population declines of 30 to more than 50 percent over the previous 10 years (or three generations), a current population size of fewer than 1,000 individuals, or other factorsNear Threatened (NT), a designation applied to species that are close to becoming threatened or may meet the criteria for threatened status in the near futureLeast Concern (LC), a category containing....
NTA (chemical compound)
According to some interpretations, the CWC does not cover fourth-generation chemical weapons, so-called nontraditional agents (NTAs), such as some of the binary nerve agents known as “novichoks.” There is evidence that Russia inherited NTAs from the former Soviet arsenals....
Ntabukuze, Aloys (Rwandan military officer)
...for the murders of 10 UN peacekeepers from Belgium and the murder of Prime Minister Uwilingiyimana in 1994. The other three defendants were former military commanders Anatole Nsengiyumva and Aloys Ntabukuze and the former chief of military operations, Gratien Kabiligi. On Dec. 18, 2008, Bagosora was sentenced to life imprisonment for having masterminded the killings, and Nsengiyumva and......
Ntare I (king of Burundi)
...who now constitute the largest proportion of the population, arrived in the region. Sometime later the Tutsi entered the country, and a Tutsi monarchy developed in the 16th century, founded by Ntare Rushatsi (Ntare I). According to one tradition, Ntare I came from Rwanda; according to other sources, he came from Buha in the southeast, from which he laid the foundation of the original......
Ntare Rushatsi (king of Burundi)
...who now constitute the largest proportion of the population, arrived in the region. Sometime later the Tutsi entered the country, and a Tutsi monarchy developed in the 16th century, founded by Ntare Rushatsi (Ntare I). According to one tradition, Ntare I came from Rwanda; according to other sources, he came from Buha in the southeast, from which he laid the foundation of the original......
Ntaryamira, Cyprien (president of Burundi)
...additional people were killed in smaller outbreaks. Amid the violence, leaders of the attempted coup and members of Ndadaye’s government vied for power. The main political parties finally chose Cyprien Ntaryamira, a Hutu, as president. Ntaryamira took office in February 1994, but two months later he and Rwandan president Juvénal Habyarimana were killed when the plane they were on....
NTCR thermistor (electronics)
...whose resistive properties vary with temperature. They are made of materials that have high temperature coefficients of resistance (TCR), the value that describes resistance change with temperature. Negative TCR, or NTCR, ceramics are materials whose electric resistance decreases as temperatures rise. These ceramics are usually spinels based on oxides of iron, cobalt, and manganese that exhibit...
Nteepana (Tanzanian mask)
...of land and community. The Isinyaso masked dancers of the Yao and Maku peoples of Tanzania carry elaborate bamboo structures covered with cloth and raffia, which sway rhythmically while their Nteepana mask elongates to great heights as the embodiment of a powerful animal spirit....