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Nunavut: The Birth of a New Territory (Nunavut)
Canada witnessed the birth of a new territory in 1999, the first change in its internal boundaries since the admission of Newfoundland into the federation 50 years ago. (See .) The Inuit of the Eastern Arctic were given their own homeland, Nunavut (“Our Land” in the Inuktitut language). It is a vast territory—nearly as larg...
nunbird
any of certain puffbird species. See puffbird....
Nunc Dimittis (biblical canticle)
in the New Testament, a brief hymn of praise sung by the aged Simeon, who had been promised by the Holy Spirit that he would not die until he had seen the Messiah. Simeon was at the Temple in Jerusalem when Mary and Joseph came to present the infant Jesus for the rite of purification according to ...
nuncio (diplomat)
a Vatican representative accredited as an ambassador to a civil government that maintains official diplomatic relations with the Holy See. He promotes good relations between the government and the Holy See and observes and reports to the pope on the conditions of the Roman Catholic Church in the region. A ...
nuncupative will (law)
A will must be declared in the form of an instrument in writing. A nuncupative (orally declared) will is exceptionally admitted in some jurisdictions in emergency situations, such as those of the soldier on active war duty, the sailor on board ship, or a person finding himself in immediate danger of death....
Nuneaton and Bedworth (district, England, United Kingdom)
borough (district), administrative and historic county of Warwickshire, in the Midlands of England. The town of Nuneaton seems to have grown around a 12th-century Benedictine nunnery, but the main impulse to growth and activity was coal mining, which b...
Nunes, Mariza (Portuguese singer)
Mozambique-born Portuguese singer, who popularized fado, a traditional Portuguese musical genre that combines a narrative vocal style with acoustic guitar accompaniment, to a global audience....
Nunes, Pedro (Portuguese geographer)
mathematician, geographer, and the chief figure in Portuguese nautical science, noted for his studies of the Earth, including the oceans....
Núñez Cabeza de Vaca, Álvar (Spanish explorer)
Spanish explorer who spent eight years in the Gulf region of present-day Texas....
Núñez de Arce, Gaspar (Spanish poet)
Spanish poet and statesman, once regarded as the great poet of doubt and disillusionment, though his rhetoric is no longer found moving....
Núñez, Rafael (president of Colombia)
three-time president of Colombia who dominated that nation’s politics from 1880 and ruled dictatorially until his death....
Nung language
...are difficult to classify have marginal affiliations with Burmic. The Luish languages (Andro, Sengmai, Kadu, Sak, and perhaps also Chairel) in Manipur, India, and adjacent Myanmar resemble Kachin; Nung (including Rawang and Trung) in Kachin state in Myanmar and in Yunnan province, China, has similarities with Kachin; and Mikir in Assam, as well as Mru and Meithei in India, Bangladesh, and......
Nunivak Island (island, Alaska, United States)
island in the Bering Sea off the southwestern coast of Alaska, U.S. It is 55 miles (90 km) long and 40 miles (65 km) wide and is the second largest island (1,600 square miles [4,000 square km]) in the Bering Sea. Separated from the mainland by Etolin Strait, the island is the site of the Nunivak unit of Yukon Delta National Wildlife Refuge, notable for its rei...
Nuniwarmiut (people)
...(introduced in 1935 from Greenland), and shorebirds. The largest settlement is Mekoryuk, on the northeastern portion of the island, which is inhabited mainly by Nuniwarmiut, or Cup’ik Eskimos. The Nuniwarmiut are believed to have lived on the island for at least 2,000 years; an expedition of Russian explorers reached the island in 1821. Because shoals around the island made landing diffi...
nunlet (bird genus)
any of certain puffbird species. See puffbird....
Nunn May, Alan (British physicist)
British nuclear physicist and spy (b. May 2, 1911, Birmingham, Eng.—d. Jan. 12, 2003, Cambridge, Eng.), was one of the first Cold War spies for the Soviet Union. In 1942 Nunn May began worki...
Nunn, Sam (American politician)
British nuclear physicist and spy (b. May 2, 1911, Birmingham, Eng.—d. Jan. 12, 2003, Cambridge, Eng.), was one of the first Cold War spies for the Soviet Union. In 1942 Nunn May began worki...
Nunn, Trevor (British artist)
A touring slimmed-down revival of Les Misérables marked the 25th anniversary of the musical in the Barbican Centre on the stage where it all began. Director Trevor Nunn and designer John Napier had not been invited by producer Cameron Mackintosh to revisit the show they had once molded with the Royal Shakespeare Company (RSC), and Nunn made clear his feelings of upset and......
Nunna (king of Sussex)
Ine succeeded to the throne upon the retirement of King Caedwalla, and in 694 he forced the men of Kent to pay compensation for slaying Caedwalla’s brother Mul. In 710 Nunna, the king of the South Saxons, or Sussex, lent Ine aid against the Cornish Britons, but in 722 and 725 Ine took up arms against the South Saxons, who were harbouring a rival claimant to his throne. He abdicated and reti...
Nunnepog (Massachusetts, United States)
town (township), seat of Dukes county, southeastern Massachusetts, U.S. The town comprises Chappaquiddick Island and the eastern tip of the island of Martha’s Vineyard. The oldest settlement on the island, Edgartown dates from 1642 and was incorporated in 1671 and named for Edgar, son of James II of England; the town had previously be...
nunnery (religion)
local community or residence of a religious order, particularly an order of nuns. See abbey....
Nunnery Quadrangle (buildings, Uxmal, Mexico)
West of the Pyramid of the Magician is the Nunnery Quadrangle, consisting of four rectangular buildings with 74 individual rooms. It might have been a palace or a residence for students, priests, or soldiers. Each of the four temple-sides of the quadrangle is decorated with Chac figures. The central courtyard there measures 260 by 212 feet (79 by 65 metres). South of the quadrangle is a ball......
Nuno de Santa Maria, Friar (Portuguese military leader)
outstanding Portuguese military leader, known also as the Holy Constable, whose victory over Castilian forces in the historic Battle of Aljubarrota (Aug. 14, 1385) assured his nation’s independence....
Nuns of the Cross and Passion of Our Lord Jesus Christ (religious order)
St. Paul also founded the Passionist Nuns (Nuns of the Cross and Passion of Our Lord Jesus Christ), approved by Pope Clement XIV in 1771. Passionist Sisters were established in 1852 in England....
Nun’s Priest’s Tale, The (story by Chaucer)
one of the 24 stories in The Canterbury Tales by Geoffrey Chaucer, The Nun’s Priest’s Tale is based on the medieval tale of Reynard the Fox, common to French, Flemish, and German literature....
nuntius (Roman messenger)
Roman envoys were sent abroad with written instructions from their government. Sometimes a messenger, or nuntius, was sent, usually to towns. For larger responsibilities a legatio (embassy) of 10 or 12 legati (ambassadors) was organized under a president. The ......
nuoc nam (seasoning)
in Southeast Asian cookery, a liquid seasoning prepared by fermenting freshwater or saltwater fish with salt in large vats. After a few months time, the resulting brownish, protein-rich liquid is drawn off and bottled. It is sometimes allowed to mature in the sun in glass or earthenware bottles before use. Called nam pla...
“Nuorena nukkunut” (work by Sillanpaa)
...country servant-girl. After several collections of short stories in the late 1920s, Sillanpää published his best-known, though not his most perfect, work, Nuorena nukkunut (1931; Fallen Asleep While Young, or The Maid Silja), a story of an old peasant family. Realistic and lyric elements are blended in Miehen tie (1932; Way of a Man), which descr...
Nuori Suomi (Finnish literary group)
In 1872 Kaarlo Bergbom founded the Finnish National Theatre. The 1880s saw the formation of a group of liberal writers known as Nuori Suomi (Young Finland), who founded the paper Päivälehti (from 1904 Helsingin Sanomat). Among the group’s members were Juhani Aho, a master of the lyrical nature novel, and Arvid Järn...
Nuoro (Italy)
city, east-central Sardinia, Italy, at the foot of Monte Ortobene. Although the site has been inhabited since prehistoric times, the city was first recorded, as Nugorus, in the 12th century. The centre of a province under Piedmontese rule from 1848 to 1860, it became the provincial capital when Nuoro province was created in 1927 out of parts of Cagliari and Sassari provinces. Th...
Nuoro (province, Italy)
city, east-central Sardinia, Italy, at the foot of Monte Ortobene. Although the site has been inhabited since prehistoric times, the city was first recorded, as Nugorus, in the 12th century. The centre of a province under Piedmontese rule from 1848 to 1860, it became the provincial capital when Nuoro province was created in 1927 out of parts of Cagliari and Sassari provinces. Th...
Nuova Automobili F. Lamborghini (Italian company)
In 1987 Chrysler purchased an Italian company, Nuova Automobili F. Lamborghini (founded in 1963 by Ferruccio Lamborghini), maker of expensive, high-performance sports cars, and American Motors Corporation (founded in 1954 through the merger of Nash-Kelvinator Corporation and Hudson Motor Car Company), maker of the Jeep four-wheel-drive vehicles. Iacocca especially saw potential in the Jeep......
Nuova Scena (Italian acting company)
In 1968 Fo and Rame founded another acting group, Nuova Scena, with ties to the Italian Communist Party, and in 1970 they started the Collettivo Teatrale La Comune and began to tour factories, parks, and gymnasiums....
“Nuova Stampa, La” (Italian newspaper)
morning daily newspaper published in Turin, one of Italy’s most influential newspapers....
nuove musiche (music)
...century, with Italy again leading the way. While the stile antico, the universal polyphonic style of the 16th century, continued, it was henceforth reserved for sacred music, while the stile moderno, or nuove musiche—with its emphasis on solo voice, polarity of the melody and the bass line, and interest in expressive harmony—developed for secular usage. The......
“nuove musiche, Le” (work by Caccini)
...but also found extensively in cantatas and oratorios. The term originated in Italy in the 16th century and first gained currency after 1602, when Giulio Caccini published Le nuove musiche (The New Music), a collection of solo songs with continuo (usually cello and harpsichord) accompaniment. Caccini called his strophic, or stanza-form, songs arie (singular aria). Mos...
nuovo (Italian literature)
the style of a group of 13th–14th-century Italian poets, mostly Florentines, whose vernacular sonnets, canzones, and ballate celebrate a spiritual and idealized view of love and womanhood in a way that is sincere, delicate, and musical. The Bolognese poet Guido Guinizelli is considered a forerunner of the stilnovisti (“writers of the new style”), and ...
Nuovo, Castel (castle, Naples, Italy)
The Castel Nuovo, so called to distinguish it from the older Castel dell’Ovo, was founded in 1279 by Charles I of Naples (Charles of Anjou). One of many Neapolitan landmarks to bear interchangeable names, it is known locally as the Maschio Angioino, in reference to Charles’ Angevin origins and from the southern Italian convention that a show of power is necessarily male. There, in th...
“Nuovo cinema paradiso” (film by Tornatore [1988])
The Castel Nuovo, so called to distinguish it from the older Castel dell’Ovo, was founded in 1279 by Charles I of Naples (Charles of Anjou). One of many Neapolitan landmarks to bear interchangeable names, it is known locally as the Maschio Angioino, in reference to Charles’ Angevin origins and from the southern Italian convention that a show of power is necessarily male. There, in th...
Nuovo dizionario scientifico e curioso, sacroprofano (encyclopaedia by Pivati)
...at the same time, there was much uncertainty concerning its ideal contents. The fine Italian encyclopaedia of Gianfrancesco Pivati (the secretary of the Academy of Sciences at Venice), the Nuovo dizionario scientifico e curioso, sacroprofano (1746–51; “New Scientific and Curious, Sacred-Profane Dictionary”), avoided the subject of history, whereas the German......
“Nuovo saggio sull’origine delle idee” (work by Rosmini)
Rosmini’s philosophical writings, beginning with Nuovo saggio sull’origine delle idee, 3 vol. (1830; The Origin of Ideas), embroiled him in theological controversies throughout his lifetime. His philosophy attempted to reconcile Catholic theology with modern political and social thought. The centre of his philosophical system is the concept of ideal being, which ...
NUP (political party, Myanmar)
...elected its own secretary and its own chairman, who was ex officio president of the country. The secretary and the president were also, respectively, the secretary-general and the chairman of the Burma Socialist Programme Party (BSPP), which, under military leadership, was the only official political party from 1964 to 1988. Civil servants, members of the armed forces, workers, and peasants......
NUP (political party, The Sudan)
...he personally remained aloof from politics, Sayyid ʿAlī threw his support to Azharī. The competition between the Azharī-Khatmiyyah faction—remodeled in 1951 as the National Unionist Party (NUP)—and the Ummah-Mahdist group quickly rekindled old suspicions and deep-seated hatreds that soured Sudanese politics for years and eventually strangled parliamenta...
Nupe (people)
people living near the confluence of the Niger and Kaduna rivers in west-central Nigeria. They speak a language of the Nupoid group in the Benue-Congo branch of the Niger-Congo language family. The Nupe are organized into a number of closely related territorial groups,...
NUPE (British labour organization)
British labour union, an affiliate of the Trades Union Congress, the national organization of British trade unions. UNISON was created in 1993 through the merger of several unions, including the National Union of Public Employees (formed 1905) and the Confederation of Health Service Employees (formed 1910). It maintains a separate political fund, which supports the activities of the Labour......
Nupe language
The largest of the approximately 17 Nupoid languages are Nupe (1,000,000), Gbagyi (700,000), and Ebira (1,000,000). They are spoken in the area north and west of the confluence of the Niger and Benue rivers....
Nupe Province (state, Nigeria)
state, west-central Nigeria, bounded to the south by the Niger River. It is also bounded by the states of Kebbi and Zamfara to the north, Kaduna to the north and northeast, Kogi to the southeast, and Kwara to the south. The Abuja Federal Capital Territory is on Niger state’s eastern border, and the ...
Nupedia (online encyclopaedia)
...Resource, a paper calling for the creation of an open-source encyclopaedia. Almost as soon as he set up the GNUpedia Project, another open-source encyclopaedia project, Nupedia, the predecessor of Wikipedia, appeared and adopted the GNU Free Documentation License, so the work on the GNUpedia Project was merged into ......
NUPF (political party, Morocco)
...taught mathematics before he entered political life. He joined the Istiqlal Party, becoming speaker of the National Consultative Assembly, and in 1959 left the party to found the left-wing National Union of Popular Forces (UNFP). He was widely considered as a likely president for a possible Republic of Morocco. When Morocco and Algeria had a brief war in 1963, Ben Barka sided with......
Nuphar (plant genus)
The genus Nuphar, with about 10 species distributed throughout the Northern Hemisphere, includes the common yellow water lily, cow lily, or spatterdock (Nuphar advena) of eastern North America. The yellow water lily has submerged leaves that are thin and translucent and leathery floating leaves....
Nuphar advena (plant)
The genus Nuphar, with about 10 species distributed throughout the Northern Hemisphere, includes the common yellow water lily, cow lily, or spatterdock (Nuphar advena) of eastern North America. The yellow water lily has submerged leaves that are thin and translucent and leathery floating leaves....
Nupoid languages
The largest of the approximately 17 Nupoid languages are Nupe (1,000,000), Gbagyi (700,000), and Ebira (1,000,000). They are spoken in the area north and west of the confluence of the Niger and Benue rivers....
Nuprin (drug)
nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug used in the treatment of minor pain, fever, and inflammation. Like aspirin, ibuprofen works by inhibiting the synthesis of prostaglandins, body chemicals that sensitize nerve endings. The drug may irritate the gastroint...
nuptial coat (zoology)
The ram’s nuptial coat grows in just before the rutting season in November and December and, in most subspecies, features conspicuous neck ruffs and rump patches. Nuptial coats differ between subspecies in the presence or length of the neck hair, the length of the tail, the size and shape of the rump patch, and the colour of the pelage. The nuptial coat changes with the ram’s age; su...
nuptial flight (zoology)
Queen bees produce some eggs that remain unfertilized and develop into males, or drones, having a mother but no father. Their main role is to engage in the nuptial flight during which one of them fertilizes a new queen. Other eggs laid by queen bees are fertilized and develop into females, the large majority of which are workers. Some social insects, such as the stingless Meliponinae bees, with......
Nuptial Lebes (pelike by Marsyas Painter)
Greek painter of the late Classical period, known for a pelike (wine container), now in the British Museum, of “Peleus Taming Thetis,” and for a “Nuptial Lebes” (the bringing of gifts to the newly wed bride), now in the Hermitage at St. Petersburg. Both vases date from 340–330 bc, and both are in the so-called Kerch style, of which the Marsyas Paint...
nuptial plumage (zoology)
...of life. Ducks, however, begin to lose the juvenal body feathers almost at once. Some replace the juvenal plumage with an immature nonbreeding (or “basic”) plumage, acquiring the first nuptial (or “alternate”) plumage in the second autumn. Other species molt directly from juvenal to nuptial and are practically indistinguishable from adults in plumage and size at the ...
Nuptse I (mountain, Asia)
...side, where it rises about 12,000 feet (3,600 metres) above the Plateau of Tibet. The peak of Changtse (24,803 feet [7,560 metres]) rises to the north. Khumbutse (21,867 feet [6,665 metres]), Nuptse (25,791 feet [7,861 metres]), and Lhotse (27,923 feet [8,511 metres]) surround Everest’s base to the west and south....
Nuqrāshī Pasha, Maḥmūd Fahmī al- (prime minister of Egypt)
Egyptian politician who was prime minister of Egypt (1945–46, 1946–48)....
Nūr al-Dīn (Muslim ruler)
Muslim ruler who reorganized the armies of Syria and laid the foundations for the success of Saladin....
Nūr al-Dīn Abū al-Qāsim Maḥmūd ibn ʿImād al-Dīn Zangī (Muslim ruler)
Muslim ruler who reorganized the armies of Syria and laid the foundations for the success of Saladin....
Nūr al-Dīn ibn Zangī (Muslim ruler)
Muslim ruler who reorganized the armies of Syria and laid the foundations for the success of Saladin....
Nūr al-Hilmī, Burhanuddin bin Muhammad (Malaysian leader)
Malay nationalist leader who led the principal opposition party in Malaya in the decades after World War II....
Nūr al-Ḥusayn (queen of Jordan)
American-born architect and, from June 15, 1978, consort of King Ḥussein of Jordan....
Nūr Jahān (Mughal queen)
After 1611 Jahāngīr accepted the influence of his Persian wife, Mehr al-Nesāʾ (Nūr Jahān); her father, Iʿtimād al-Dawlah; and her brother Āṣaf Khan. Together with Prince Khurram, this clique dominated politics until 1622. Thereafter, Jahāngīr’s declining years were darkened by a breach between Nūr Jah...
Nūr ol-ʿEyn (diamond)
...diamond, seen by the French jewel trader Jean-Baptiste Tavernier in Golconda in 1642. The other piece of the Great Table is thought to have been recut as an oval, pink, 60-carat brilliant called the Nūr ol-ʿEyn (meaning “light of the eye”)....
nuraghe (tower)
The dominating feature of the island (some 7,000 examples are said to exist) is the nuraghi: truncated conic structures of huge blocks of basalt taken from extinct volcanoes, built in prehistoric times without any bonding. Most nuraghi are quite small, but a few are obviously fortresses. There is also a nuraghic village near Dorgali with traces of about 80 buildings identified. Expert opinion......
nuraghi (tower)
The dominating feature of the island (some 7,000 examples are said to exist) is the nuraghi: truncated conic structures of huge blocks of basalt taken from extinct volcanoes, built in prehistoric times without any bonding. Most nuraghi are quite small, but a few are obviously fortresses. There is also a nuraghic village near Dorgali with traces of about 80 buildings identified. Expert opinion......
Nuraghic culture
The nuraghic civilization had an original sculpture expressed in a large production of bronze statuettes, about 500 of which have been found in nuraghi, temples, houses, and tombs. These figurines represent all classes of the proto-Sardinian populations—military chiefs, soldiers, priests, and women, as well as heroes and gods—in what seems to the modern viewer to be an engagingly......
Nūrbakhshīyah (Islamic religious order)
As-Suhrawardī also founded a mystical order known as the Ishrāqīyah. The Nūrbakhshīyah order of dervishes (itinerant holy men) also traces its origins to him....
Nureddin (Muslim ruler)
Muslim ruler who reorganized the armies of Syria and laid the foundations for the success of Saladin....
Nurek Dam (dam, Tajikistan)
one of the world’s highest dams, located on the Vakhsh River in Tajikistan near the border with Afghanistan. An earth-fill dam, it was completed in 1980 and rises 984 feet (300 m) and includes an impervious core of concrete reaching 52 feet (16 m) under the river to bedrock. The dam is 2,309 feet (704 m) wide at its crest. The nine-unit power pla...
Nuremberg (Germany)
city, Bavaria Land (state), southern Germany. Bavaria’s second largest city (after Munich), Nürnberg is located on the Pegnitz River where it emerges from the uplands of Franconia (Franken), south of Erlangen....
Nuremberg Laws (German history)
two race-based measures depriving Jews of rights, designed by Adolf Hitler and approved by the Nazi Party at a convention in Nürnberg on September 15, 1935. One, the Reichsbürgergesetz (German: “Law of the Reich Citizen”), deprived Jews of German citizenship, designating them “subjects of the state.” The other, the Ges...
Nuremberg trials (World War II trials)
series of trials held in Nürnberg, Ger., in 1945–46, in which former Nazi leaders were indicted and tried as war criminals by the International Military Tribunal. The indictment lodged against them contained four counts: (1) crimes against peace (i.e., the planning, initiating, and waging of wars of aggression in violation of international treaties and agreements),...
Nūrestān (historical region, Afghanistan)
historic region in eastern Afghanistan, about 5,000 square miles (13,000 square km) in area and comprising the upper valleys of the Alīngār, Pīch, and Landay Sind rivers and the intervening mountain ranges. Its northern boundary is the main range of the Hindu Kush, its eastern the Pakistani border, its s...
Nureyev, Rudolf (Russian dancer)
ballet dancer whose suspended leaps and fast turns were often compared to Vaslav Nijinsky’s legendary feats. He was a flamboyant performer and a charismatic celebrity who revived the prominence of male ballet roles and significantly widened the audience for ballet....
Nurhachi (Manchurian chieftain)
chieftain of the Jianzhou Juchen, a Manchurian tribe, and one of the founders of the Manchu, or Qing, dynasty. His first attack on China (1618) presaged his son Dorgon’s conquest of the Chinese empire....
Nurhachu (Manchurian chieftain)
chieftain of the Jianzhou Juchen, a Manchurian tribe, and one of the founders of the Manchu, or Qing, dynasty. His first attack on China (1618) presaged his son Dorgon’s conquest of the Chinese empire....
Nuri (people)
(Arabic: Infidel), people of the Hindu Kush mountain area of Afghanistan and the Chitral area of Pakistan. Their territory, formerly called Kafiristan, was renamed Nūristan, “Land of Light” or “Enlightenment,” when they became Muslims at the turn of the 20th century. The territory now form...
Nūrī al-Saʿīd (Iraqi statesman)
Iraqi army officer, statesman, and political leader who maintained close ties with Great Britain and worked for Arab unity....
Nuri al-Said (Iraqi statesman)
Iraqi army officer, statesman, and political leader who maintained close ties with Great Britain and worked for Arab unity....
Nūrī as-Saʿīd (Iraqi statesman)
Iraqi army officer, statesman, and political leader who maintained close ties with Great Britain and worked for Arab unity....
Nuri as-Said (Iraqi statesman)
Iraqi army officer, statesman, and political leader who maintained close ties with Great Britain and worked for Arab unity....
Nūristān (historical region, Afghanistan)
historic region in eastern Afghanistan, about 5,000 square miles (13,000 square km) in area and comprising the upper valleys of the Alīngār, Pīch, and Landay Sind rivers and the intervening mountain ranges. Its northern boundary is the main range of the Hindu Kush, its eastern the Pakistani border, its s...
Nūristāni (people)
(Arabic: Infidel), people of the Hindu Kush mountain area of Afghanistan and the Chitral area of Pakistan. Their territory, formerly called Kafiristan, was renamed Nūristan, “Land of Light” or “Enlightenment,” when they became Muslims at the turn of the 20th century. The territory now form...
Nuristani languages
group of six languages and several dialects that form a subset of the Indo-Aryan subdivision of the Indo-Iranian group of Indo-European languages. Nuristani languages are spoken by more than 100,000 people, predominantly in Afghanistan....
nuritate-mono (Japanese lacquerwork)
in Japanese lacquerwork, technique of coating with black lacquer, involving two major methods. Hana-nuri (or nuritate-mono) uses black lacquer that contains oil in order to impart a glossy finish to the article....
Nurmi, Paavo (Finnish athlete)
Finnish track athlete who dominated long-distance running in the 1920s, capturing nine gold medals in three Olympic Games (1920, 1924, 1928), as well as three silvers. For eight years (1923–31) he held the world record for the mile run: 4 min 10.4 sec. During his ...
Nurmi, Paavo Johannes (Finnish athlete)
Finnish track athlete who dominated long-distance running in the 1920s, capturing nine gold medals in three Olympic Games (1920, 1924, 1928), as well as three silvers. For eight years (1923–31) he held the world record for the mile run: 4 min 10.4 sec. During his ...
Nürnberg (Germany)
city, Bavaria Land (state), southern Germany. Bavaria’s second largest city (after Munich), Nürnberg is located on the Pegnitz River where it emerges from the uplands of Franconia (Franken), south of Erlangen....
Nürnberg faience
German tin-glazed earthenware made at Nürnberg between 1712 and 1840. It is among the earliest German faience produced, since Nürnberg was a centre of pottery manufacture as early as the 16th century. The few extant specimens from that early period are in the manner of contemporary Italian maiolica....
Nürnberg Kleinmeister (engravers)
group of engravers, working mostly in Nürnberg in the second quarter of the 16th century, whose forms and subjects were influenced by the works of Albrecht Dürer. Their engravings were small and thus easily portable. Usually flawless in technique, they stressed topical, didactic, intimate, and often familiar and popular subjects meant for mass appeal....
Nürnberg Laws (German history)
two race-based measures depriving Jews of rights, designed by Adolf Hitler and approved by the Nazi Party at a convention in Nürnberg on September 15, 1935. One, the Reichsbürgergesetz (German: “Law of the Reich Citizen”), deprived Jews of German citizenship, designating them “subjects of the state.” The other, the Ges...
Nürnberg Party Meetings (Nazi Party rallies)
any of the massive Nazi Party rallies held in 1923, 1927, and 1929 and annually from 1933 through 1938 in Nürnberg (Nuremberg) in Bavaria. The rallies were primarily propaganda events, carefully staged to reinforce party enthusiasm and to showcase the power of National Socialism t...
Nürnberg Rally (Nazi Party rallies)
any of the massive Nazi Party rallies held in 1923, 1927, and 1929 and annually from 1933 through 1938 in Nürnberg (Nuremberg) in Bavaria. The rallies were primarily propaganda events, carefully staged to reinforce party enthusiasm and to showcase the power of National Socialism t...
Nürnberg Terrestrial Globe (globe by Behaim)
navigator and geographer whose Nürnberg Terrestrial Globe is the earliest globe extant....
Nürnberg trials (World War II trials)
series of trials held in Nürnberg, Ger., in 1945–46, in which former Nazi leaders were indicted and tried as war criminals by the International Military Tribunal. The indictment lodged against them contained four counts: (1) crimes against peace (i.e., the planning, initiating, and waging of wars of aggression in violation of international treaties and agreements),...
Nürnberger Parteitage (Nazi Party rallies)
any of the massive Nazi Party rallies held in 1923, 1927, and 1929 and annually from 1933 through 1938 in Nürnberg (Nuremberg) in Bavaria. The rallies were primarily propaganda events, carefully staged to reinforce party enthusiasm and to showcase the power of National Socialism t...
nurse (medical profession)
profession that assumes responsibility for the continuous care of the sick, the injured, the disabled, and the dying. Nursing is also responsible for encouraging the health of individuals, families, and communities in medical and community settings. Nurses are actively involved in health care research, management, policy deliberations, and pat...