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Driftekaren (work by Kinck)
...of Love). Sharing Hamsun’s preoccupation with the irrational side of human conduct was Hans E. Kinck, a writer of considerable power and penetration. In his verse drama Driftekaren (1908; “The Drover”) and long novel Sneskavlen brast (1918–19; “The Avalanche Broke”), Kinck showed himself to be a more...
drifter drill (tool)
...removing drill cuttings, dust, and sludge. A hollow drill is usually used, and water or air is passed through it to remove the cuttings and cool the drill bit. Another kind of rock drill, called the drifter drill, is used for horizontal holes in mining operations and tunnel driving. It is mounted on some type of rig or frame and is mechanically fed into the work. Stoper drills are used primaril...
Drifters (film by Grierson)
...University of Glasgow and the University of Chicago. He returned to England in 1928, and the next year the Empire Marketing Board Film Unit sponsored his first and only personally directed film, Drifters (1929), a study of the lives of North Sea herring fishermen. This film initiated the documentary movement in Britain. He then solicited financial support from business and industry and.....
Drifters, the (American music group)
American rhythm-and-blues vocal group that produced a series of chart-topping hits from the early 1950s to the mid-1960s. The Drifters were actually two groups—one built around lead singer Clyde McPhatter, the other an entirely different group that took the name Drifters, to which manager George Treadwell held the copyright, after he dismissed the origi...
Drifting Cities (work by Tsirkas)
...1941 in an unemotional manner in To Platy Potami (1946; “The Broad River”). In a trilogy of novels entitled Akyvérnites politíes (1960–65; Drifting Cities), Stratís Tsírkas masterfully recreated the atmosphere of the Middle East in World War II. In the short story, Dimítris Chatzís painted ironic......
Driftwood Fork (river, Indiana, United States)
...southwestward northeast of Indianapolis, it flows through the city and for another 175 miles (280 km) before entering the Wabash River, opposite Mount Carmel, Illinois. Its largest tributary is the East Fork White River (sometimes called the Driftwood Fork), which rises from a combination of streams that join near Columbus in Bartholomew county and flows generally southwestward for about 280......
Driftwood, Jimmy (American folksinger and songwriter)
American folksinger and songwriter (b. June 20, 1907, Mountain View, Ark.--d. July 12, 1998, Fayetteville, Ark.), wrote more than 6,000 folk songs but was best remembered for his recording "The Battle of New Orleans," which won a Grammy award when Johnny Horton’s 1960 version made the song a smash hit. The son of folksinger Neil Morris,...
dril-bu (Tibetan bell)
...carried to the temple by women of high rank. There are countless types of bells; the Indian ghaṇṭā, or Tibetan dril-bu, a metal handbell with a handle shaken during prayers in order to attract beneficent spirits and to frighten away evil ones, is used particularly during Brahmanic and......
drill (tool)
cylindrical end-cutting tool used to originate or enlarge circular holes in solid material....
drill (military)
preparation of soldiers for performance of their duties in peace and war through the practice and rehearsal of prescribed movements. In a practical sense, drill consolidates soldiers into battle formations and familiarizes them with their weapons. Psychologically, it develops a sense of teamwork, discipline, and self-control; it promotes automatic performance of duties under disturbing circumstanc...
drill (primate)
large short-tailed monkey found from southeastern Nigeria to western Cameroon and on Bioko Island. As a result of hunting and deforestation, the drill is now highly endangered. The drill, like the related mandrill, was formerly thought to be a forest-dwelling baboon, but it is now known to be related to ...
drill bit (tool)
During the middle and late 20th century, rotary drilling became the preferred penetration method for oil and gas wells. In this method a special tool, the drill bit, rotates while bearing down on the bottom of the well, thus gouging and chipping its way downward. Probably the greatest advantage of rotary drilling over cable tooling is that the well bore is kept full of liquid during drilling. A......
drill collar (drill pipe)
...six- or eight-sided) cross section called the kelly. The kelly passes through a similarly shaped hole in the turntable. At the bottom end of the drill pipe are extra-heavy sections called drill collars, which serve to concentrate the weight on the rotating bit. In order to help maintain a vertical well bore, the drill pipe above the collars is usually kept in tension. The drilling mud......
drill pipe (petroleum drilling)
The drill bit is connected to the surface equipment through the drill pipe, a heavy-walled tube through which the drilling mud is fed to the bottom of the borehole. In most cases, the drill pipe also transmits the rotary motion to the bit from a turntable at the surface. The top piece of the drill pipe is a tube of square (or occasionally six- or eight-sided) cross section called the kelly. The......
drill press (tool)
device for producing holes in hard substances. The drill is held in a rotating spindle and is fed into the workpiece, which is usually clamped in a vise resting on a table. The drill may be gripped in a chuck with three jaws that move radially in unison, or it may have a tapered shank that fits into a tapered hole in the spindle. Means are always provided for varying the spindle speed and on some ...
drill ship (rig)
...Floating rigs are most often used for exploratory drilling, while bottom-resting platforms are usually associated with the drilling of wells in an established field. One type of floating rig is the drill ship. This is an oceangoing vessel with a derrick mounted in the middle, over an opening for the drilling operation. The ship is usually held in position by six or more anchors, although some.....
drill sowing (agriculture)
Drill sowing and dibbling (making small holes in the ground for seeds or plants) are old practices in India. An early 17th-century writer notes that cotton cultivators “push down a pointed peg into the ground, put the seed into the hole, and cover it with earth—it grows better thus.” Another simple device was a bamboo tube attached to the plow. The seed was dropped through the...
drill-stem test (petroleum drilling)
After the borehole has penetrated a potential productive zone, the formations must be tested to determine if expensive completion procedures should be used. The first evaluation is usually made using well logging methods. The logging tool is lowered into the well by a steel cable and is pulled past the formations while response signals are relayed to the surface for observation and recording.......
drilling
As part of the Deep Sea Drilling Project conducted from 1968 to 1983 by the U.S. government, the drilling ship Glomar Challenger undertook several cruises of Antarctic and subantarctic waters to gather and study materials on and below the ocean floor. Expeditions included one between Australia and the Ross Sea (1972–73); one in the area south of New Zealand (1973); one from......
drilling jumbo (platform)
...has been intensely mechanized in the United States. High-speed drills with renewable bits of hard tungsten carbide are positioned by power-operated jib booms located at each platform level of the drilling jumbo (a mounted platform for carrying drills). Truck-mounted jumbos are used in larger tunnels. When rail-mounted, the drilling jumbo is arranged to straddle the mucker so that drilling can.....
drilling machine (tool)
device for producing holes in hard substances. The drill is held in a rotating spindle and is fed into the workpiece, which is usually clamped in a vise resting on a table. The drill may be gripped in a chuck with three jaws that move radially in unison, or it may have a tapered shank that fits into a tapered hole in the spindle. Means are always provided for varying the spindle speed and on some ...
drilling machinery
equipment used to drill holes in the ground for such activities as prospecting, well sinking (petroleum, natural gas, water, and salt), and scientific explorations. Drilling holes in rock to receive blasting charges is an operation in tunneling, mining, and other excavating....
drilling mud (excavation)
mixture of clay, usually bentonite, and water used primarily in oil, gas, and water-drilling operations to carry rock cuttings to the surface and also to lubricate and cool the drilling bit. Special chemicals are added to the mud to compensate for the varying composition of the water and the formation being drilled and to increase the weight of the column. The drilling mud, by ...
drilling tool (tool)
cylindrical end-cutting tool used to originate or enlarge circular holes in solid material....
drilling tool
equipment used to drill holes in the ground for such activities as prospecting, well sinking (petroleum, natural gas, water, and salt), and scientific explorations. Drilling holes in rock to receive blasting charges is an operation in tunneling, mining, and other excavating....
Drimys (plant genus)
...a genus with a single species (T. perrieri), occurs in Madagascar and is the most distinctive member of the family. Pseudowintera (three species) is restricted to New Zealand. Drimys (about 8 species) occurs in Central and South America, from Mexico to Tierra del Fuego; one species is restricted to the Juan Fernández Islands off the coast of Chile, where it is......
Drimys winteri (Drimys winteri)
Many species have medicinal qualities; the best known is the South American Winter’s bark (Drimys winteri), a 15-metre (50-foot) tree. It has peppery, hot-tasting leaves and bark. The bark was formerly used as a preventive against scurvy. Winter’s bark has leathery, elliptic-shaped leaves; red-tinged shoots; and jasmine-scented, cream-coloured, 8- to 12-petaled, 2.5-centimetre...
Drimys winteri variety chilensis (Drimys winteri variety chilensis)
...the year and has attractive white-petaled flowers that are about 2.5 cm (1 inch) in diameter. The bark was once used by sailors as a tonic and as a scurvy preventative—hence its common name of Winter’s bark. It still has some use as an astringent and stimulant. The species name refers to Capt. John Winter, who obtained specimens in 1578 from the Strait of Magellan on Sir Francis D...
Drin (river, Europe)
The longest river in Albania is the Drin (about 175 miles [280 km]), which originates in Kosovo. Other main rivers are the Seman, Shkumbin, and Vjosë, all of which drain the central part of the western plains. Albania also has many lakes, the most important of which are Lake Scutari (known in Albania as Lake Shkodër) in the northwest and Lakes Ohrid and Prespa along the eastern......
Drina River (river, Europe)
river, central Balkans, southeastern Europe. It originates with the confluence of the Tara and Piva rivers and follows a northerly course 215 miles (346 km) to enter the Sava. Its upper course is through canyons and gorges, while its lower course is wider. The Drina constitutes a large part of the boundary that separates Bosnia and ...
Drinfeld, Vladimir Gershonovich (Soviet mathematician)
Soviet mathematician who was awarded the Fields Medal in 1990 for his work in algebraic geometry and mathematical physics....
Drini i Zi (river, Europe)
...parts of this basin drain into Lake Doiran (Macedonian: Dojran) and into the Aegean via the Strumica and Struma rivers. The remaining 13 percent of Macedonian territory drains northward via the Crni Drim River toward the Adriatic....
drink
any fermented liquor, such as wine, beer, or distilled spirit, that contains ethyl alcohol, or ethanol (CH3CH2OH), as an intoxicating agent. A brief treatment of alcoholic beverages follows. For full treatment, see alc...
Drinker, Catherine Shober (American writer)
American historical biographer known for her partly fictionalized biographies. After attending the Peabody Institute and the Juilliard School of Music, she became interested in writing. Not surprisingly, her earliest works were inspired by the lives of musicians....
drinking (physiology)
As already explained, the nutrients obtained by most green plants are small inorganic molecules that can move with relative ease across cell membranes. Heterotrophic organisms such as bacteria and fungi, which require organic nutrients yet lack adaptations for ingesting bulk food, also rely on direct absorption of small nutrient molecules. Molecules of carbohydrates, proteins, or lipids,......
drinking horn (vessel)
ceremonial vessel usually made from the horn of an ox or a buffalo or the tusk of an elephant, with mounts of metal. The earliest drinking horns date from around the early 7th century. The drinking horn was largely replaced by other, more suitable vessels in the 16th century, but isolated examples were made later....
drinking pattern (sociology)
Patterns of drinking are displayed in a great variety of ways and customs in different parts of the world and among various subgroups and subcultures within larger societies. Based on the presence or absence of subsequent regret and negative consequences, celebratory drunkenness should be distinguished from alcoholism. The places of drinking vary greatly: even the home may be the only place......
drinking song (music)
song on a convivial theme composed usually for singing in accompaniment to drinking. The form became a standard element in certain types of 19th-century opera and operetta, frequently involving not only a soloist but also a chorus joining in with choral repeats or refrains. In Italy the drinking song is known as brindisi (Italian: “toast”). In Giuseppe Verdi’s operas ...
Drinkwater, Joe (Canadian trapper)
With a nearly vertical drop of 1,445 feet (440 m), Della Falls constitute the highest waterfalls in Canada. Named for the wife of Joe Drinkwater, a trapper and prospector who first visited the falls in 1899, Della Falls are formed by the glacier-fed lake. At an elevation of about 3,545 feet (1,080 m), Della Lake lies deep within the mountainous Strathcona Provincial Park. The falls are......
Drinkwater, John (British poet)
English poet, playwright, and critic, remembered as a typical man of letters of the Georgian age of the 1910s and 1920s. He was a successful promoter of repertory theatre in England and the author of popular chronicle dramas. In 1907 he became manager and producer for the Pilgrim Players, which developed into the Birmingham ...
drip (food preservation)
Improper freezing or storage of foods may result in detrimental quality changes. When foods with high amounts of water are frozen slowly, they may experience a loss of fluid, called drip, upon thawing. This fluid loss causes dehydration and nutrient loss in frozen food products....
drip irrigation
...irrigation is application of water under pressure as simulated rain. Subirrigation is the distribution of water to soil below the surface; it provides moisture to crops by upward capillary action. Trickle irrigation involves the slow release of water to each plant through small plastic tubes. This technique is adapted both to field and to greenhouse conditions....
drip painting (art)
In 1947 Pollock first used the process of pouring or dripping paint onto a flat canvas in stages, often alternating weeks of painting with weeks of contemplating before he finished a canvas. This process allowed him to record the force and scope of his physical gesture in trajectories of enamel or aluminum paint. At the time, he said these abstract trajectories “veiled the image,”......
Dripsody (work by Le Caine)
...politico. The University of Toronto studio, in spite of its technical excellence, has not been well represented on discs. One Canadian piece that is very amusing, however, is Hugh LeCaine’s Dripsody (1955), all the sounds of which are derived from the splash of a single drop of water....
dripstone (architecture)
molding projecting from the face of the wall, immediately above an arch or opening whose curvature or outline it follows. The hoodmold, which originated during the Romanesque period to protect carved moldings and to direct rainwater away from the opening, was later developed into an important decorative feature. It appears almost universally over exterior arches in the ...
Driscoll, Bobby (American actor)
Based on the Uncle Remus stories by Joel Chandler Harris, the film is set in the American South of the latter half of the 19th century and traces the adventures of a little boy, Johnny (played by Bobby Driscoll), who moves with his family from Atlanta to a rural plantation. After his parents argue and his father goes back to Atlanta, Johnny runs away from home. He befriends Uncle Remus (James......
Driscoll, Marian (American entertainer)
...
Dritte Reich, Das (work by Moeller van den Bruck)
German cultural critic whose book Das Dritte Reich (1923; “The Third Empire,” or “Reich”) provided Nazi Germany with its dramatic name....
drive (behaviour)
in psychology, an urgent basic need pressing for satisfaction, usually rooted in some physiological tension, deficiency, or imbalance (e.g., hunger and thirst) and impelling the organism to action. Some researchers have used the term need synonymously, although others distinguish between need as the deprived state and drive as its psychological manifestations (e.g....
Drive, He Said (film by Nicholson [1971])
Malick first worked in Hollywood as an uncredited writer on Drive, He Said (1971), directed by Jack Nicholson. His directorial debut, Badlands (1973), which he also scripted, starred Martin Sheen as a small-town hoodlum who persuades a naive teenage girl (played by Sissy Spacek) to run away with him as he embarks on a string of dispassionate......
drive-in cinema (motion pictures)
Malick first worked in Hollywood as an uncredited writer on Drive, He Said (1971), directed by Jack Nicholson. His directorial debut, Badlands (1973), which he also scripted, starred Martin Sheen as a small-town hoodlum who persuades a naive teenage girl (played by Sissy Spacek) to run away with him as he embarks on a string of dispassionate.........
drive-in net (fishing industry)
Another class of fishing methods involves driving the fish into a net or gear. A drive-in net may be one of those already mentioned or may be specially made, such as the dustpan-shaped stationary gear used in some fisheries in South Asia....
drive-in theatre (motion pictures)
Another class of fishing methods involves driving the fish into a net or gear. A drive-in net may be one of those already mentioned or may be specially made, such as the dustpan-shaped stationary gear used in some fisheries in South Asia.......
drive-reduction theory (psychology)
In the 1940s U.S. psychologist Clark Hull proposed a drive-reduction theory of learning. In its simplest form, the theory claimed that no learning occurred unless a drive produced tension and impelled the organism into activity to procure a reward that would reduce the drive and satisfy its related physiological need. Later research suggests, however, that learning may also occur in the absence......
driver (computer program)
Computer program that acts as an intermediary between the operating system and a device such as a disk drive, video card, printer, or keyboard. The driver must contain a detailed knowledge of the device, including its set of specialized commands. The presence of a separate driver program frees the operating system from havin...
driver ant (insect)
African member of the insect subfamily Dorylinae (family Formicidae; order Hymenoptera) characterized by a nomadic existence alternating with quiet, egg-laying periods. These ferocious ant colonies, when in the nomadic stage, move to a new spot each day....
driver beam (physics)
Pellets are multilayered, consisting of several concentric spheres. The surface of the pellet is ionized by the driver beam, and ablation of the ionized material generates a large inward force on the pellet. Recoil from the ablation implodes the inner layer, producing a shock wave that compresses the inner layers of the D-T fuel. The implosion speed is several hundred kilometres per second,......
Driver, Phyllis Ada (American comedienne and actress)
American comedienne and actress who was one of the first female stand-up comics, noted for her zany and raucous personality and self-deprecating humour. Her routine often included barbs about her ineptitude as a mother, her fictitious husband “Fang,” and her looks—she sported a trademark outrageously coiffed hairstyle and poked fun at her perceived ugliness as well as her skin...
Driver, Wilsonia Benita (American poet)
American poet, playwright, and educator who was noted for her black activism....
driving (hunting)
Some game goes into cover so dense that a hunter cannot penetrate it to get a shot. Such game must be driven into the open. This may be done with the help of a number of men or dogs or, as in certain parts of India, with the aid of a line of elephants. These methods are known universally as driving, or beating....
driving (vehicle operation)
...ship is heavily influenced by the environment at the time of the attempted maneuver. Wave actions, tides, and currents all result in water movement around the ship, which must be considered by the pilot in directing the vessel. Wind also can strongly influence ship movement, both for sailing vessels that use wind for power, and for motorized vessels. Limitations in visibility posed by......
driving and coaching (horsemanship)
art or sport of controlling and directing draft animals from a coach or other conveyance to which they are harnessed. The animal most commonly employed is the horse, but the mule, ass, ox, reindeer, and dog have been, and still are, used in some areas of the world....
driving band (military technology)
...a saucer-shaped copper disk behind the bomb that flattened out into the rifling under gas pressure and provided obturation. In the 120-millimetre French Hotchkiss-Brandt type, a prerifled copper driving band, wrapped around the bomb, expanded under gas pressure and engaged the grooves in the barrel....
Driving Miss Daisy (film by Beresford [1989])
...screenplay. He later directed a number of Hollywood films, including Tender Mercies (1983), for which he received an Oscar nomination for best director; Crimes of the Heart (1986); Driving Miss Daisy (1989), winner of an Academy Award for best picture; Mister Johnson (1990); Paradise Road (1997); Double Jeopardy......
Driving Miss Daisy (play by Uhry)
one-act play by Alfred Uhry, produced and published in 1987. The play won the 1988 Pulitzer Prize for drama. It is the story of a friendship that develops over a 25-year period between Daisy Werthan, an elderly Jewish widow living in Atlanta, and Hoke Coleburn, the African American chauff...
Driving on the Rim (novel by McGuane)
...epidemic and its immediate effect during that time on (mostly) Jewish life. First-time novelist Karl Marlantes portrayed the Vietnam War with power, if some awkwardness, in Matterhorn. In Driving on the Rim, which focused on the moral struggles faced by a small-town Montana doctor, Thomas McGuane showed off his characteristic bittersweet style, rich character development, and......
driving range (golf)
Driving ranges were developed as commercial establishments at which golfers and aspiring golfers could, for a small fee, practice their swings. They, too, have appealed to golfers in areas in which courses are overcrowded and are especially popular in Japan, where such conditions prevail....
driving under the influence (law)
Michigan became the first state to establish a “superdrunk” law, with enhanced penalties for drivers who tested above 0.17% (the legal limit in most states was 0.08%). Wisconsin joined Illinois in requiring ignition interlock devices for repeat offenders and those with blood alcohol tests above 0.15%....
driving wagon (carriage)
a lightweight, one-horse, open carriage, having four wheels, almost invariably with pneumatic or solid rubber tires of the same type used on bicycles, and axles with ball bearings. It was designed in the 1890s, one of the last horse-drawn vehicles manufactured, and it included such innovations as tubular steel running gear. ...
driving while intoxicated (law)
Michigan became the first state to establish a “superdrunk” law, with enhanced penalties for drivers who tested above 0.17% (the legal limit in most states was 0.08%). Wisconsin joined Illinois in requiring ignition interlock devices for repeat offenders and those with blood alcohol tests above 0.15%....
drizzle (meteorology)
very small, numerous water drops that may appear to float while being carried by air currents; drizzle drops generally have diameters between about 0.2 and 0.5 millimetre (0.008 and 0.02 inch). Smaller ones are usually cloud or fog droplets, while larger drops are called raindrops. Drizzle often is accompanied by fog but differs from it because drizzle drops fall to the ground. Drizzle commonly f...
DRM (copyright protection)
protection of copyrighted works by various means to control or prevent digital copies from being shared over computer networks or telecommunications networks....
DRM (physics)
A second mechanism operates when small grains of magnetic minerals settle into a sedimentary matrix, producing detrital remanent magnetism. It is hypothesized that the tiny grains orient themselves in the direction of the Earth’s magnetic field during deposition and before the final consolidation of the rock. The magnetism thus introduced appears to persist through later alteration and......
Drnovšek, Janez (president of Slovenia)
May 17, 1950Celje, Yugos. [now in Slovenia]Feb. 23, 2008Zaplana, Slvn.Slovenian politician who helped lead Slovenia to a relatively peaceful independence from Yugoslavia and, as the new country’s prime minister (May 14, 1992–May 3, 2000, and Nov. 17, 2000–Dec. 11, 2002)...
Drobeta-Turnu Severin (Romania)
city, capital of Mehedinți județ (county), southwestern Romania. It is an important inland port on the Danube near the point where the river leaves the Iron Gate gorge....
Drobny, Jaroslav (Czech athlete)
Czechoslovak-born sportsman (b. Oct. 12, 1921, Prague, Czechoslovakia—d. Sept. 13, 2001, London, Eng.), during the 1940s was one of his country’s finest tennis players and a key member of the national ice hockey team, but he achieved his greatest success on...
Drobolitza (Greece)
...(department) of Arkadía, which extends on the east to the Gulf of Argolís (Argolikós Kólpos). The capital of the nomós is Trípolis....
Drocae (France)
town, Eure-et-Loir département, Centre région, north-central France. It lies along the Blaise River, northwest of Chartres. Known to the Romans as Drocae, it was held by the Durocasses, a Gallic tribe. It gave its name to a medieval family of counts. François, Duke de Guise, defeated the Huguenots there in 1562, marking the beginning of the ...
“Droë wit seisoen, ’N” (work by Brink)
...of Rain) used the sexual relationship between a black man and a white woman to show the destructiveness of racial hatred. His later works include ’N Droë wit seisoen (1979; A Dry White Season), in which a white liberal investigates the death of a black activist in police custody; Houd-den-bek (1982; A Chain of Voices), which recounts throu...
Droeshout, Martin (English engraver)
Flemish-born English engraver, primarily remembered for his engraved portrait of William Shakespeare, which appeared in the First Folio edition of Shakespeare’s plays (1623)....
Drogba, Didier (Ivorian football player)
Ivorian professional football (soccer) player who was Côte d’Ivoire’s all-time leader in goals scored in international matches and who was twice named the African Footballer of the Year (2006, 2009)....
Drogba Tébily, Didier Yves (Ivorian football player)
Ivorian professional football (soccer) player who was Côte d’Ivoire’s all-time leader in goals scored in international matches and who was twice named the African Footballer of the Year (2006, 2009)....
Drogheda (Ireland)
urban district and seaport on the southern border of County Louth, Ireland. Drogheda lies along the River Boyne about 4 miles (6.5 km) from its mouth. Drogheda was a stronghold and trading post of the Norsemen in the 8th–11th century and of the Anglo-Normans in the 12th century. Two towns grew up, o...
Drogi nieuniknione (work by Andrzejewski)
Andrzejewski was born into a middle-class family, and the young writer studied Polish language and literature at the University of Warsaw. The stories published in his first book, Drogi nieuniknione (1936; “Unavoidable Ways”), originally appeared in a right-wing periodical, with whom he soon severed relations. That volume was followed by the novel Ład serca....
Drogo de Hauteville (count of Apulia)
Norman count of Apulia (1046–51), half brother of the conqueror Robert Guiscard. He led the Norman conquest of southern Italy after the death of his older brother William Iron Arm, whom he succeeded as count of Apulia....
Drogobych (Ukraine)
city, western Ukraine. Known from the 11th and 12th centuries for its salt, it was a small trade and administrative centre until the 19th century, when it expanded with the development of nearby deposits of ozokerite, petroleum, and natural gas. Potassium and magnesium also have been mined. There are oil-r...
Drohobych (Ukraine)
city, western Ukraine. Known from the 11th and 12th centuries for its salt, it was a small trade and administrative centre until the 19th century, when it expanded with the development of nearby deposits of ozokerite, petroleum, and natural gas. Potassium and magnesium also have been mined. There are oil-r...
Droichead Átha (Ireland)
urban district and seaport on the southern border of County Louth, Ireland. Drogheda lies along the River Boyne about 4 miles (6.5 km) from its mouth. Drogheda was a stronghold and trading post of the Norsemen in the 8th–11th century and of the Anglo-Normans in the 12th century. Two towns grew up, o...
Droichead na Bandan (Ireland)
town, County Cork, Ireland, 17 miles (27 km) southwest of Cork. Founded in 1608 by Richard Boyle, later Earl of Cork, Bandon was initially populated by English and Scottish settlers. Parts of the original town wall remain; the ruins of a 15th-century castle are nearby. Kilbrogan Church (1610), the first Protestant church built in Ireland, contains the town stocks. Bandon lies in...
Droichead na Banna (Northern Ireland, United Kingdom)
town, seat, and district (established 1973), formerly within County Down, southeastern Northern Ireland. Located on the River Bann, the town of Banbridge came into existence following the building of a stone bridge across the river in 1712. It is the main agricultural and population centre of the region; ma...
“Droict Chemin de musique, Le” (work by Bourgeois)
...Hundredth.” He was himself responsible for about 85 melodies in the Psalter, which was completed by his successors in 1562. Bourgeois also wrote Le Droict Chemin de musique (1550; The Direct Road to Music) in which he proposed an adaptation of traditional solmization....
Droim Mór (Northern Ireland, United Kingdom)
town, Banbridge district (established 1973), formerly in County Down, Northern Ireland, on the River Lagan, just southwest of Belfast. A bishopric developed from an abbey reputedly founded there by St. Colman about 600. The town and cathedral were destroyed in an insurrection (1641). The...
droit de retour (French law)
...principle has disappeared, except in the Spanish province of Aragon. But France has preserved the related ideas of the fente and the droit de retour. Under the former, the estate is divided equally between the paternal and the maternal lines (and under the refente between the......
droit des gens, Le (work by Vattel)
Swiss jurist who, in Le Droit des gens (1758; “The Law of Nations”), applied a theory of natural law to international relations. His treatise was especially influential in the United States because his principles of liberty and equality coincided with the ideals expressed in the Declaration of Independence. In particular, his defense of neutrality and his rules for commerce......
Droits de l’Homme et du Citoyen, Déclaration des (France [1789])
one of the basic charters of human liberties, containing the principles that inspired the French Revolution. Its 17 articles, adopted between August 20 and August 26, 1789, by France’s National Assembly, served as the preamble to the Constitution of 1791. Similar documents served as the preamble to the Constitution of 1793 (retitled simply Declaration o...
Droitwich (England, United Kingdom)
town (“parish”), Wychavon district, administrative and historic county of Worcestershire, west-central England. The older portion of the town lies along the River Salwarpe, a tributary of the River Severn; the modern portion lies on higher ground. Droitwich is famous for the salt obtained fro...
droll (theatre)
short comic scene or farce adapted from an existing play or created by actors, performed in England during the period of the Civil Wars and the Commonwealth (1642–60) while the London theatres were closed down by the Puritans. Because stage plays were prohibited at this time, actors developed other, shorter means of entertainment to circumvent the restrictions, performing drolls in inns and...
Droll Stories (work by Balzac)
collection of short stories by Honoré de Balzac, published in three sets of 10 stories each, in 1832, 1833, and 1837, as Contes drolatiques....
droll-humour (theatre)
short comic scene or farce adapted from an existing play or created by actors, performed in England during the period of the Civil Wars and the Commonwealth (1642–60) while the London theatres were closed down by the Puritans. Because stage plays were prohibited at this time, actors developed other, shorter means of entertainment to circumvent the restrictions, performing drolls in inns and...
drollery (theatre)
short comic scene or farce adapted from an existing play or created by actors, performed in England during the period of the Civil Wars and the Commonwealth (1642–60) while the London theatres were closed down by the Puritans. Because stage plays were prohibited at this time, actors developed other, shorter means of entertainment to circumvent the restrictions, performing drolls in inns and...