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De Statu Ecclesiae et Legitima Potestate Romani Pontificis (work by Hontheim)
Under the pseudonym Justinus Febronius he published in 1763 his most important work, De Statu Ecclesiae et Legitima Potestate Romani Pontificis (“Concerning the State of the Church and the Legitimate Power of the Roman Pope”). Moved by concern over a divided Christendom and influenced by 18th-century rationalism, Hontheim....
“De Statu Imperii Germanici ad Laelium Fratrem Dominum Trezolani Liber Unus” (work by Pufendorf)
...chair of natural law for Pufendorf in the arts faculty at the University of Heidelberg—the first of its kind in Germany. From 1661 to 1668 Pufendorf taught at Heidelberg, where he wrote The Present State of Germany (1667). Written under the pseudonym Severnius de Monzabano Veronensis, the work was a bitter attack on the constitution of the Holy Roman Empire and the house of....
De Stella Nova (work by Kepler)
...Astronomia Nova [New Astronomy]), he also wrote important treatises on the nature of light and on the sudden appearance of a new star (1606; De Stella Nova, “On the New Star”). Kepler first noticed the star—now known to have been a supernova—in October 1604, not long after a conjunction of Jupiter and Sat...
“De Stella Nova in Pede Serpentarii” (work by Kepler)
...Astronomia Nova [New Astronomy]), he also wrote important treatises on the nature of light and on the sudden appearance of a new star (1606; De Stella Nova, “On the New Star”). Kepler first noticed the star—now known to have been a supernova—in October 1604, not long after a conjunction of Jupiter and Sat...
De Studio Militari (work by Upton)
...was produced about 1394. Then came a Welsh treatise by John Trevor, the Llyfr arfau (“Book of Arms”). Nicholas Upton, a canon of Salisbury Cathedral, about 1440 wrote De studio militari (“On Military Studies”). John of Guildford’s treatise was printed in 1654 with Upton’s work and the Aspilogia of Sir Henry Spelman...
De studio theologico (work by Nicholas of Clémanges)
...the Fruit of Seclusion”), written at the height of the papal crisis in 1408, proposed criteria for settling the schism. In addition to several biblical commentaries he composed the tract De studio theologico (“On Theological Study”), in which he criticized the abstractions of medieval scholastic philosophy and urged theologians to a more direct exposition of biblical...
De subitaneis mortibus (work by Lancisi)
...he related the prevalence of malaria in swampy districts to the presence of mosquitoes and recommended drainage of the swamps to prevent the disease. He wrote the classic monograph De subitaneis mortibus (1707; “On Sudden Death”) at the request of Clement XI to explain an increase in the number of sudden deaths in Rome. Lancisi attributed sudden death to such......
De subtilitate rerum (work by Cardano)
...a century before Blaise Pascal and Pierre de Fermat. Cardano’s popular fame was based largely on books dealing with scientific and philosophical questions, especially De subtilitate rerum (“The Subtlety of Things”), a collection of physical experiments and inventions, interspersed with anecdotes....
De sui ipsius et multorum ignorantia (work by Petrarch)
...time from 1370 between Padua and Arquà, in the neighbouring Euganean hills, where he had a little house. There he wrote the defense of his humanism against the critical attack from Venice, De sui ipsius et multorum ignorantia. He was still in great demand as a diplomat; in 1370 he was called to Rome by Urban V, and he set off....
“De summa temporum vel origine actibusque gentis Romanorum” (work by Jordanes)
...Danube River. In the title of the work, Jordanes confuses the Goths with the Getae, a wholly distinct people. Jordanes’ other extant work is the chronicle De summa temporum vel origine actibusque gentis Romanorum (“The High Point of Time, or the Origin and Deeds of the Roman People”), also completed in 551 and called the Romana.......
De Tactu (work by Weber)
...he conducted many anatomical investigations, he is known chiefly for his work on sensory response to weight, temperature, and pressure; he described a number of his experiments in this area in De Tactu (1834; “Concerning Touch”). Weber determined that there was a threshold of sensation that must be passed before an increase in the intensity of any stimulus could be......
De tal palo tal astilla (work by Pereda)
...“The Unfettered Ox”); Don Gonzalo González de la Gonzalera (1879), a satire on the revolution of 1868 and a eulogy of the old patriarchal system of government; and De tal palo tal astilla (1880; “As the Wood, So the Chips”), a protest by a rigid Catholic against the liberal religious tendencies advocated by his friend Benito Pérez......
De temporibus suis (work by Cicero)
...is a minor but by no means negligible figure in the history of Latin poetry. His best known poems (which survive only in fragments) were the epics De consulatu suo (On His Consulship) and De temporibus suis (On His Life and Times), which were criticized in antiquity for their self-praise. Cicero’s verse is technically important; he refined the hexameter, using words ...
De temporum ratione (work by Bede)
...scriptural commentary, and historical and biographical. His earliest works include treatises on spelling, hymns, figures of speech, verse, and epigrams. His first treatise on chronology, De temporibus (“On Times”), with a brief chronicle attached, was written in 703. In 725 he completed a greatly amplified version, De temporum ratione (“On the Reckoning......
De Tham (Vietnamese patriot)
Vietnamese resistance fighter and enemy of French colonialism during the first two decades of French rule in Indochina....
De thematibus (work by Constantine VII)
...Constantine had apparently inherited a passion for learning and writing; he worked full-time at it until he was almost 40, when he became sole emperor. Nor did he change tastes thereafter. De thematibus, probably his earliest book, is mainly a compilation of older sources on the origins and development of the provinces of the empire. An apologetic biography of his grandfather......
De Thessalonica urbe a Normannis capta (work by Eustathius of Thessalonica)
During the siege and sack of Thessalonica in 1185 by the Normans under William II of Sicily, Eustathius bargained with the invaders for the safety of his people. He recounted these events in his De Thessalonica urbe a Normannis capta (“On the Conquest of Thessalonica by the Normans”). Opposing the formalism petrifying the Eastern Church, he criticized clerical complacency in.....
de Tirtoff, Romain (Russian designer)
fashion illustrator of the 1920s and creator of visual spectacle for French music-hall revues. His designs included dresses and accessories for women; costumes and sets for opera, ballet, and dramatic productions; and posters and prints. (His byname was derived from the French pronunciation of his initials, R.T.)...
de Toni–Fanconi syndrome (pathology)
a metabolic disorder affecting kidney transport, characterized by the failure of the kidney tubules to reabsorb water, phosphate, potassium, glucose, amino acids, and other substances. When the disorder is accompanied by cystinosis, a deposition of cystine crystals, it is called Fanconi’s syndrome; there is some variation, however, in the designation o...
De Toth, André (Hungarian director)
Hungarian-born film and television director (b. May 15, 1913?, Mako, Austria-Hungary—d. Oct. 27, 2002, Burbank, Calif.), made a number of raw, violent, and psychologically disturbing B movies, including Ramrod (1947), Pitfall (1948), and Crime Wave (1954), that gained him a cult following, but he became best known to the general public for House of Wax (1953), co...
de Tott, Baron François (French military officer)
...on the central government’s inability to extend its authority over the local rulers (aʿyān) of its provinces in Europe and Asia. Assisted by Baron François de Tott, a French artillery officer, they were more successful in their military reforms: the artillery corps was reorganized, an engineering school closed by the Janissaries...
De triangulis omnimodis (work by Regiomontanus)
Regiomontanus thoroughly mastered Hellenistic and medieval mathematics. His own contributions to the subject range from the formalization of plane and spherical trigonometry in De triangulis omnimodis (1464; “On Triangles of All Kinds”) to his discovery of a Greek manuscript (incomplete) of Arithmetica, the great work of Diophantus of Alexandria (fl. c.......
De trinitate (work by Novatian)
Novatian’s apologetic De trinitate (“On the Trinity”), considered to be his most important work, summarizes and defends the orthodox doctrine of the Trinity against contemporary heresies. In De cibis Judaicis (“Concerning Jewish Foods”), he points out that dietary laws and other practical prohib...
“De Trinitate” (work by Augustine)
...redemption of humanity: “through participation in the Holy Spirit we partake of the divine nature.” In his work De Trinitate (“On the Trinity”), Augustine undertook to render the essence of the Trinity understandable in terms of the Trinitarian structure of the human person: the Holy Spir...
De Trinitatis erroribus librii vii (work by Servetus)
...Martin Bucer, and Kaspar Schwenckfeld. Servetus published his new ideas on the Trinity in De Trinitatis erroribus libri vii (1531), attacking the orthodox teaching and attempting to form a view of his own, asserting that the Word is eternal, a mode of God’s self-expression, whereas......
De triumphis ecclesiae (poem by Garland)
...Compendium grammatice (“Outline of Grammar”), Liber de constructionibus (“Book on Constructions”), and a Latin vocabulary. Two of his best-known poems are De triumphis ecclesiae (“On the Triumphs of the Church”), which gives a detailed account of the crusade against the Cathari, and Epithalamium beatae Mariae Virginis......
De único modo (work by Las Casas)
...Central America, where his ideas on the treatment of the natives invariably brought him into conflict with the Spanish authorities, Las Casas wrote De único modo (1537; “Concerning the Only Way of Drawing All Peoples to the True Religion”), in which he set forth the doctrine of peaceful evangelization of the Indian.......
“De universo” (work by Rabanus)
...and writings, he is important specifically for quoting and recapitulating the heritage of learning that he gathered from classical and early Christian authors. His most extensive work is the De rerum naturis (842–847; “On the Nature of Things”), also known as De universo (“On the Universe”), an encyclopaedia of knowledge in 22 books synthesizing....
de Valera, Eamon (president of Ireland)
Irish politician and patriot, prime minister (1932–48, 1951–54, 1957–59), and president (1959–73) of Ireland. An active revolutionary from 1913, he became president of Sinn Féin in 1918 and founded the Fianna Fáil party in 1926. In 1937 he took t...
de Valera, Edward (president of Ireland)
Irish politician and patriot, prime minister (1932–48, 1951–54, 1957–59), and president (1959–73) of Ireland. An active revolutionary from 1913, he became president of Sinn Féin in 1918 and founded the Fianna Fáil party in 1926. In 1937 he took t...
de Valois, Dame Ninette (Irish dancer)
Irish dancer, choreographer, and founder of the company that in October 1956 became the Royal Ballet. She was influential in establishing ballet in England....
“De variolis et morbillis” (work by Rhazes)
...who wrote a voluminous treatise on medicine, Kitāb al-hāḳī (“Comprehensive Book”), but whose most famous work, De variolis et morbillis (A Treatise on the Smallpox and Measles), distinguishes between these two diseases and gives a clear description of both....
de Varona, Donna (American athlete and sportscaster)
American athlete and sportscaster who, after a record-breaking amateur career as a swimmer, established herself as an advocate for women’s and girls’ sports opportunities....
de Vaucouleurs classification (astronomy)
Other classification schemes similar to Hubble’s follow his pattern but subdivide the galaxies differently. A notable example of one such system is that of de Vaucouleurs. This scheme, which has evolved considerably since its inception in 1959, includes a large number of codes for indicating different kinds of morphological characteristics visible in the images of galaxies (see the t...
de Vaucouleurs, Gerard (American astronomer)
French-born U.S. astronomer whose pioneering studies of distant galaxies contributed to knowledge of the age and large-scale structure of the universe (b. April 25, 1918--d. Oct. 7, 1995)....
De Venarum Ostiolis (work by Fabricius ab Aquapendente)
...successor to the chair of surgery and anatomy (1562–1613), Fabricius built a reputation that attracted students from all of Europe. The English anatomist William Harvey was his pupil. In De Venarum Ostiolis (1603; “On the Valves of the Veins”), Fabricius gave the first clear description of the semilunar valves of the veins, which later provided Harvey with a crucial....
De Vera Intelligentia Auxilii Efficacis (work by Suárez)
...subsequently burned Suárez’ Defensio on the steps of St. Paul’s Cathedral in London. On the question of man’s ability to effect his own salvation by his works, Suárez, in his De Vera Intelligentia Auxilii Efficacis (1605, pub. 1655), supported the view of the Congruist movement, which held that God gave man sufficient grace to achieve the virtuou...
De Veritate (work by Herbert of Cherbury)
De Veritate (“On Truth”) was published in Paris in 1624. Thereafter he devoted himself to philosophy, history, and literature. When the Civil War broke out he lacked enthusiasm for either cause; however, he opened Montgomery Castle to the Parliamentary forces in 1644 and met with severe criticism....
De Veritate Religionis Christianae (work by Grotius)
...(1601; Adam in Exile), which was greatly admired by the English poet John Milton. Grotius also published many theological and politico-theological works, including De Veritate Religionis Christianae (1627; The Truth of the Christian Religion), the book that in his lifetime probably enjoyed the highest popularity among his works....
de Villepin, Dominique (prime minister of France)
French diplomat, politician, and writer who served as interior minister (2004–05) and prime minister (2005–07) in the neo-Gaullist administration of Pres. Jacques Chirac....
de Villiers, Dawie (South African athlete)
South African rugby union player who was one of the sport’s greatest scrum halves and captain of the South African national team, the Springboks, from 1965 to 1970. After his playing days ended, he went on to a highly successful political career....
De Vinne, Theodore L. (American author)
American author of many scholarly books on the history of typography....
De Vinne, Theodore Low (American author)
American author of many scholarly books on the history of typography....
“De Viribus Electricitatis in Motu Musculari Commentarius” (work by Galvani)
Galvani delayed the announcement of his findings until 1791, when he published his essay De Viribus Electricitatis in Motu Musculari Commentarius (Commentary on the Effect of Electricity on Muscular Motion). He concluded that animal tissue contained a heretofore neglected innate, vital force, which he termed “animal electricity,” which activated nerve and muscle when......
De viris illustribus (work by Saint Jerome)
...His petulance in early correspondence with St. Augustine, stemming from the African’s strictures on Jerome’s biblical efforts, imperilled their mutual respect. His catalog of Christian authors, De viris illustribus (“Concerning Illustrious Men”), was written in 392/393 to counter pagan pride in pagan culture. Against the monk Jovinian, who asserted the equalit...
De viris illustribus (work by Nepos)
Nepos came, like Catullus, from Cisalpine Gaul (northern Italy). His principal writings were De viris illustribus (“On Famous Men”; in at least 16 books), comprising brief biographies of distinguished Romans and foreigners; Chronica (in 3 books), which introduced to the Roman reader a Greek invention,......
De viris illustribus (work by Suetonius)
Roman biographer and antiquarian whose writings include De viris illustribus (“Concerning Illustrious Men”), a collection of short biographies of celebrated Roman literary figures, and De vita Caesarum (Lives of the Caesars). The latter book, seasoned with bits of gossip and scandal relating to the lives of the first 11 emperors, secured him lasting fame....
De viris illustribus (work by Gennadius)
theologian-priest whose work De viris illustribus (“On Famous Men”) constitutes the sole source for biographical and bibliographical information on numerous early Eastern and Western Christian authors....
De viris illustribus (work by Petrarch)
...love for Laura. At Vaucluse he began to work on Africa, an epic poem on the subject of the Second Punic War. He also began work on De viris illustribus, intended as a series of biographies of heroes from Roman history (later modified to include famous men of all time, beginning with Adam, as Petrarch’s desire to emphasi...
De Virtute et Statu Religionis (work by Suárez)
At the request of Pope Paul V and others, he wrote apologetic works on the nature of the Christian state. Among them were De Virtute et Statu Religionis (1608–09) and Defensio Fidei Catholicae (1613), opposing Anglican theologians who defended the claim of kings to rule as God’s earthly representatives. This theory,...
“De Vita Caesarum” (work by Suetonius)
...Garda, though he preferred to live in Rome and owned a villa near the Roman suburb of Tibur, in an unfashionable neighbourhood. According to an anecdote in the Roman biographer Suetonius’ Life of Julius Caesar, Catullus’ father was Caesar’s friend and host, but the son nevertheless lampooned not only the future dictator but also his son-in-law Po...
“De vita contemplativa” (essay by Philo Judaeus)
...settled on the shores of Lake Mareotis in the vicinity of Alexandria, Egypt, during the 1st century ad. The only original account of this community is given in De vita contemplativa (On the Contemplative Life), attributed to Philo of Alexandria. Their origin and fate are both unknown. The sect was unusually severe in discipline and mode of life. According to Philo, t...
De vita Julii Agricolae (work by Tacitus)
In 98 Tacitus wrote two works: De vita Julii Agricolae and De origine et situ Germanorum (the Germania), both reflecting his personal interests. The Agricola is a biographical account of his father-in-law’s career, with special reference to the governorship of Britain (78–84) and the l...
“De vita sancti Gerardi” (work by Odo)
...day. On this point the two most important works are the Collationes (“Conferences”) and the De vita sancti Gerardi (Life of St. Gerald of Aurillac). The Collationes is both a commentary on the virtues and vices of men in society and a spiritual meditation modeled on a work of the......
De vita solitaria (work by Petrarch)
...for antiquity and to admit other authoritative voices. It was now, for example, that De viris was enlarged to include material from sacred as well as secular history, while in the De vita solitaria (1346) he developed the theoretical basis and description of the “solitary life” whereby man enjoys the consolations of nature and study together with those of......
De voluntaria paupertate (work by Saint Nilus)
...as a wonder-worker and spiritual counselor. He wrote a number of tracts on moral and monastic subjects, including De monastica exercitatione (“On Monastic Practice”) and De voluntaria paupertate (“On Voluntary Poverty”), which stress the essence of monastic obedience as the renunciation of the will and all resistance to the religious superior, whose......
De voluptate (work by Valla)
...to obtain a post as papal secretary in 1430, he left Rome and spent the next five years wandering about northern Italy. He taught rhetoric at the University of Pavia, where he made public his De voluptate (On Pleasure), a dialogue about the nature of the true good. That work surprised many of its readers by its then-unfashionable defense of the Greek philosopher Epicurus, who......
de Vosjoli, Philippe Thyraud (French spy)
The SDECE and DGSE have been shaken by numerous scandals. In 1968, for example, Philippe Thyraud de Vosjoli, who had been an important officer in the French intelligence system for 20 years, asserted in published memoirs that the SDECE had been deeply penetrated by the Soviet KGB in the 1950s. He also indicated that there had been periods of intense rivalry between the French and American......
De Voto, Bernard Augustine (American writer)
American novelist, journalist, historian, and critic, best known for his works on American literature and the history of the Western frontier....
de Vriendt, Cornelis II (Flemish artist)
Flemish sculptor, engraver, and medalist whose Antwerp workshop contributed significantly to the Northern Renaissance by disseminating 16th-century Italian art styles....
de Vries, Adriaen (Dutch sculptor)
the most important Dutch Mannerist sculptor....
De Vries, Peter (American author)
American editor and novelist widely known as a satirist, linguist, and comic visionary....
De Vries, William C. (American surgeon)
...that greatly aided the development of permanent artificial hearts. One such device, designed by American physician Robert K. Jarvik, was surgically implanted into a patient by American surgeon William C. DeVries in 1982. The aluminum and plastic device, called the Jarvik-7 for its inventor, replaced the patient’s two ventricles. Two rubber diaphragms, designed to mimic the pumping action...
“De vulgari eloquentia” (work by Dante)
...Convivio is in large part a stirring and systematic defense of the vernacular. (The unfinished De vulgari eloquentia [c. 1304–07; Concerning Vernacular Eloquence], a companion piece, presumably written in coordination with Book I, is primarily a practical treatise in the art of poetry based upon an elevated poetic......
de Weert, Sebald (Dutch official)
...support against his adversaries. The first Dutch envoy, Joris van Spilbergen, met the king in July 1602 and made lavish promises of military assistance. A few months later another Dutch official, Sebald de Weert, arrived with a concrete offer of help and, in view of favourable terms offered by the king, decided to launch a joint attack on the Portuguese. However, a misunderstanding between......
de Weldon, Felix (Austrian sculptor)
Austrian-born sculptor (b. April 12, 1907, Vienna, Austria—d. June 2, 2003, Woodstock, Va.), created more than 2,000 public sculptures around the world, most notably the Marine Corps War Memorial (1954) in Arlington, Va. Based on a Pulitzer Prize-winning photograph by Joe Ro...
De Wint, Peter (British artist)
English landscape and architectural painter who was one of the chief English watercolourists of the early 19th century....
De Witt, Cornelius (Dutch statesman)
...analytic geometry. (He later also applied his mathematical knowledge to the financial and budgetary problems of the republic.) In 1645 he and his elder brother Cornelius visited France, Italy, Switzerland, and England, and on his return he lived at The Hague as an advocate....
De Witt, Jacob (Dutch statesman)
De Witt was a member of one of the old burgher-regent families of his native town of Dordrecht (Dort). His father, Jacob, was six times burgomaster and for many years sat for the town in the States of Holland. He was a strenuous adherent of the republican or oligarchical States party in opposition to the princes of the House of Orange, who......
De Witt, Johan (Dutch statesman)
one of the foremost European statesmen of the 17th century who as councillor pensionary (the political leader) of Holland (1653–72) guided the United Provinces in the First and Second Anglo-Dutch wars (1652–54, 1665–67) and consolidated the nation’s naval and commercial power....
de Wolfe, Ella Anderson (American interior designer)
American interior designer, hostess, and actress, best known for her innovative and anti-Victorian interiors....
de Wolfe, Elsie (American interior designer)
American interior designer, hostess, and actress, best known for her innovative and anti-Victorian interiors....
de Young Museum (museum, San Francisco, California, United States)
The new de Young Museum building in San Francisco, which opened in October, was designed by Swiss architects Jacques Herzog and Pierre de Meuron. A distinctive feature was the structure’s outer surface, which consisted of copper shingles with different textures—some smooth,......
de-inking (chemical process)
There are two distinct types of paper recovery systems: (1) recovery based upon de-inking and intended for printing-grade or other white papers, accounting for about 5 to 6 percent of the total, and (2) recovery without de-inking, intended for boxboards and coarse papers, accounting for the remainder....
de-Stalinization (Soviet history)
political reform launched at the 20th Party Congress (February 1956) by Soviet Communist Party First Secretary Nikita Khrushchev that condemned the crimes committed by his predecessor, Joseph Stalin, destroyed Stalin’s image as an infallible leader, and promised a...
DEA (United States government agency)
Agency of the U.S. Department of Justice charged with enforcing laws that cover trafficking in controlled substances. Established in 1973, the DEA works with other agencies to control the cultivation, production, smuggling, and distribution of illicit drugs. Most of its efforts are directed against international narcotics smuggling organizations, but it also works to shut down interstate operation...
deaccessioning (art)
...inalienable. The disposal of museum collections in part or in full therefore normally only occurs in cases where items no longer serve a useful scholarly or interpretative purpose. The case for deaccessioning, as it is known in North America, can only otherwise have any validity where it is done to correct the imbalances of earlier......
deaccessioning (art exhibition)
In the second half of the 20th century, and particularly from the 1970s on, deaccessioning, the sale by a museum of works from its permanent collection, has raised ethical questions. Faced with rising costs, museums began to consider selling art objects to fund administrative and building costs. While deaccessioning to improve the collection has not usually been controversial, selling works of art...
deacidification (library science)
In certain cases, reformatting is not the best solution to the problem of disintegration. The original material may have intrinsic value as an artifact, or it may lose some of its information in the reformatting process. In such cases, paper materials are deacidified by one of a number of chemical processes, some of which can also......
deacon (Christian ministry)
(from Greek diakonos, “helper”), a member of the lowest rank of the threefold Christian ministry (below the presbyter-priest and bishop) or, in various Protestant churches, a lay official, usually ordained, who shares in the ministry and sometimes in the governance of a congregation. In churches in which the diaconate exists there is a general continuity, at least in principle...
Deacon of Edessa (Christian theologian)
Christian theologian, poet, hymnist, and doctor of the church who, as doctrinal consultant to Eastern churchmen, composed numerous theological-biblical commentaries and polemical works that, in witnessing to the common Christian tradition, have exerted widespread influence on the Greek and Latin churches. He is recognized as the most authoritative representative of 4th-century Syriac Christianity....
Deacon process (chemistry)
A process introduced about 1868 by the English chemist Henry Deacon was based on the reaction of atmospheric oxygen with hydrochloric acid, which was available as a by-product of the Leblanc process for making soda ash; when the Leblanc process became obsolete, the Deacon process fell into disuse....
Deacon, Richard (American actor)
...of fellow writers—wisecracking Buddy Sorrell (Morey Amsterdam) and Sally Rogers (Rose Marie), who was always on the lookout for a husband—and the show’s pompous producer, Mel Cooley (Richard Deacon). Both Rob’s work family and his nuclear family—wife Laura (Mary Tyler Moore) and son Ritchie (Larry......
Dead Again (film by Branagh)
...1989 (divorced 1995). Thompson starred with Branagh in Henry V (1989), which he directed, and followed with two more Branagh-directed films, the thriller Dead Again (1991), in which the couple played dual roles, and the sentimental comedy Peter’s Friends (1992...
Dead and the Living Sea, The (work by Rudnicki)
...stories tentatively called Epoka pieców (“The Epoch of the Ovens”). Eventually collected in Żywe i martwe morze (1952; The Dead and the Living Sea), these works offered a moving testament to the “nation of Polish Jews” and how they died during the Holocaust. In 1953 Rudnicki began publishing we...
Dead and the Living, The (work by Olds)
Olds’s first collection, Satan Says (1980), describes her early sexual life in frank language. The book was praised as a daring, auspicious debut. In The Dead and the Living (1984), which received several major poetry awards, she refined her poetic voice. Her poems honouring the dead encompass both family members and victims of political violence; those addressed to the living...
Dead Cert (novel by Francis)
In 1962 Francis turned to fiction with a successful first novel, Dead Cert (filmed 1974). Thereafter he averaged a book a year, all set in the world of horse racing. His books usually feature an amateur sleuth who uses classic deductive reasoning to solve the central mystery and who becomes emotionally involved with the case. The......
Dead Christ Supported by Angels (painting by Bellini)
...in 1460. Giovanni’s earliest works date from before this period. They include a Crucifixion, a Transfiguration, and a Dead Christ Supported by Angels. Several pictures of the same or earlier date are in the United States, and others are at the Correr....
Dead Christ with Angels (painting by Rosso Fiorentino)
...moved to Rome, where his exposure to Michelangelo’s Sistine ceiling, the late art of Raphael, and the work of Parmigianino resulted in a radical realignment of his style. His Dead Christ with Angels (c. 1526) exemplifies this new style with its feeling for rarefied beauty and subdued emotion. Fleeing from the sack of the city in 1527, he worked briefly ...
dead, cult of the (religion)
Among many peoples it has been the custom to preserve the memory of the dead by images of them placed upon their graves or tombs, usually with some accompanying inscription recording their names and often their achievements. This sepulchral iconography began in Egypt, the portrait statue of King Djoser (second king of the 3rd dynasty [c. 2686–c. 2613 bc]), found ...
Dead End Kids (American actors)
...Perhaps the most enduring aspect of the movie is the Academy Award-nominated performance of Cagney as the tough guy worshipped by the local boys, who were played by a group of actors known as the Dead End Kids. Cagney based his now-famous mannerisms and swagger on a pimp he knew from his boyhood neighbourhood. The characteristics that would become so identifiable with his persona originated......
Dead End: The Bowery (work by Siskind)
...a member of the Photo League, he participated in projects designed to document neighbourhood life during the Depression. Unlike other documentary series of the period, Siskind’s Dead End: The Bowery and Harlem Document show as much concern for pure design as for the plight of his subjects. After the late 1930s, Siskind no longer photogr...
Dead Father, The (novel by Barthelme)
...epistolary novel in LETTERS (1979). Similarly, Donald Barthelme mocked the fairy tale in Snow White (1967) and Freudian fiction in The Dead Father (1975). Barthelme was most successful in his short stories and parodies that solemnly caricatured contemporary styles, especially the richly suggestive pieces collected in......
dead furrow (agriculture)
...than the second, third, and other slices. The ridge is called a back furrow. When two strips of land are finished, the last furrows cut leave a trench about twice the width of one bottom, called a dead furrow. When land is broken by continuous lapping of furrows, it is called flat broken. If land is broken in alternate back furrows and......
Dead Hand, A (novel by Theroux)
...in the Honduran jungle; My Secret History (1989); Millroy the Magician (1993); My Other Life (1996); and The Elephanta Suite (2007). A Dead Hand (2009) is a crime novel set in India....
dead language
In studying ancient (dead) languages one is, of course, limited to studying the grammar of their written forms and styles, as their written records alone survive. Such is the case with Latin, Ancient Greek, and Sanskrit (Latin lives as a spoken language in very restricted situations, such as the ......
dead, lantern of the (architecture)
small stone structure with windows in the upper part, in which lamps were placed to mark the position of a cemetery at night. Their use, which seems limited to western and central France, is probably owing to a traditional survival of primitive Celtic rather than Christian ideas....
dead load
The primary function of a bridge is to carry traffic loads: heavy trucks, cars, and trains. Engineers must estimate the traffic loading. On short spans, it is possible that the maximum conceivable load will be achieved—that is to say, on spans of less than 30 metres (100 feet), four heavy trucks may cross at the same time, two in each direction. On longer spans of a thousand metres or......
Dead Man (film by Jarmusch)
...film. Jarmusch continued to earn acclaim for films such as the offbeat comedies Down by Law (1986), Mystery Train (1989), and Night on Earth (1992). His later movies include Dead Man (1995), in which he offered his own take on the western genre; Year of the Horse (1997), a rock-concert documentary of Neil......
Dead Man, The (work by Chagall)
...stage designer Léon Bakst. Characteristic works by Chagall from this period of early maturity are the nightmarish The Dead Man (1908), which depicts a roof violinist (a favourite motif), and My Fiancée with Black Gloves (1909), in which a portrait becomes an occasion for....

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