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  • Dobunni (ancient tribe of Britain)
    an ancient British tribe centred on the confluence of the Severn and Avon rivers. The Dobuni, who were ruled by a Belgic aristocracy, apparently made peace with the Roman emperor Claudius (reigned ad 41–54). Later, Corinium (Cirencester) was made the capital, and it soon became the second largest city in Britain. The Dobuni economy was based primarily on beef and wool, and the...
  • dobutamine (drug)
    Another method for evaluating the heart without the stress of exercise involves the intravenous injection of the drug dobutamine while monitoring the effects via echocardiography. By using dobutamine echocardiography, the heart condition of frail patients and those who have heart......
  • Doby, Larry (American baseball player)
    American baseball player, the second African American player in the major leagues and the first in the American League when he joined the Cleveland Indians in 1947....
  • Doby, Lawrence Eugene (American baseball player)
    American baseball player, the second African American player in the major leagues and the first in the American League when he joined the Cleveland Indians in 1947....
  • doby mouth (animal disease)
    viral disease of sheep and goats. Blisters, pustules, ulcers, and scabs form on the lips especially but also on the face and ears. In severe cases sores form inside the mouth. Infections occur in the spring and summer and heal in about a month. Humans who work around the sheep sometimes become infected....
  • Dobyns, Henry (American anthropologist)
    ...lived in Northern America at the time of Columbian landfall. In 1934 A.L. Kroeber reanalyzed Mooney’s work and estimated 900,000 individuals for the same region and period. In 1966 ethnohistorian Henry Dobyns estimated that there were between 9,800,000 and 12,200,000 people north of the Rio Grande before contact; in 1983 he revised that number upward to 18,000,000 people....
  • Dobyns, Stephen (American poet)
    American poet and novelist whose works are characterized by a cool realism laced with pungent wit....
  • Dobzhansky, Theodosius (American scientist)
    Ukrainian-American geneticist and evolutionist whose work had a major influence on 20th-century thought and research on genetics and evolutionary theory....
  • DOC (United States government)
    executive division of the U.S. federal government responsible for programs and policies relating to international trade, national economic growth, and technological advancement. Established in 1913, it administers the Bureau of the Census, the National...
  • Doccia porcelain (art)
    porcelain produced at a factory near Florence founded by Marchese Carlo Ginori in 1735; until 1896 the enterprise operated under the name Doccia, since then under the name Richard-Ginori. After an initial experimental period, during which he imported Chinese porcelain samples, Ginori engaged two Viennese painters, J.C.W. Anreiter and his son Anton, with Gaspare Bruschi employed...
  • Doce River (river, Brazil)
    river, eastern Brazil, formed by the junction of the Carmo and Piranga rivers in southeastern Minas Gerais state. Flowing northeastward to Governador Valadares, southeastward to Colatina, and thence eastward across the ...
  • docetaxel (biochemistry)
    ...to be limited primarily to hypertension, edema, and potassium deficiency. Another drug that has been investigated for the treatment of men with metastatic hormone-refractory prostate cancer is docetaxel, which inhibits the growth of cancer cells. When used in combination with an immunosuppressant drug called prednisone, docetaxel can prolong patient survival....
  • Docetism (religion)
    (from Greek dokein, “to seem”), Christian heresy and one of the earliest Christian sectarian doctrines, affirming that Christ did not have a real or natural body during his life on earth but only an apparent or phantom one. Though its incipient forms are alluded to in the New Testament, such as in the Letters of John (e.g., 1 John 4:1–3; 2 John 7), Docetism beca...
  • Docile Puerto Rican, The (work by Marqués)
    A collection of his essays, Ensayos (1966; some included in El puertorriqueño dócil [1967; The Docile Puerto Rican]), is also concerned with the problem of national identity in relation to the language, literature, and prevailing social conditions of Puerto Rico....
  • dock (sea works)
    artificially enclosed basin into which vessels are brought for inspection and repair....
  • Dock, Christopher (American educator)
    Mennonite schoolmaster in colonial Pennsylvania whose teaching methods gave rise to publication of the first known book dealing with education in America....
  • “Docker noir, Le” (work by Sembène)
    Sembène taught himself to read and write in French and in 1956 published his first novel, Le Docker noir (Black Docker), based on his experiences in Marseille. After a spinal disorder forced him to give up physical labour, he made literature his livelihood. Among the works that followed were Ô pays, mon beau......
  • docking (spaceflight)
    Rendezvous is the process of bringing two spacecraft together, whereas docking is their subsequent meeting and physical joining. The essential elements of a rendezvous are the matching of orbital trajectories and the movement of one spacecraft within close proximity of the other, typically within 100 metres (330 feet). Ideally, the two spacecraft also should lie in the same orbital plane....
  • Docklands (area, Melbourne, Australia)
    In the 1990s an ambitious project was launched to develop Docklands, a 500-acre (200-hectare) site of crumbling industrial and port facilities, into a multiuse complex featuring high-technology businesses, parks and public spaces, restaurants, a theme park, and apartment buildings and......
  • Dockwra, William (English merchant)
    private postal service created by the London merchant William Dockwra in 1680. All letters and packets up to one pound in weight were delivered for one penny (1 d). The packets were also insured up to £10. Dockwra’s system consisted of several hundred receiving offices from which an hourly collection was made; the letters were taken to six central sorting offices. There were ...
  • Docodon (paleontology)
    extinct genus of mammals originally known only from fossilized teeth. The dentition patterns of the cusps and other molar structures are complex and distinct, resembling those of modern mammals; however, Docodon and its close relatives, the docodonts, are only distantly related to living mammal groups. Whether or not these animals are considered mammals is a controversial...
  • Docoglossa (gastropod superfamily)
    ...waters along rocky shores of western North America, Japan, Australia, and South Africa; keyhole limpets (Fissurellidae) in intertidal rocky areas.Superfamily Patellacea (Docoglossa)Conical-shelled limpets, without slits or holes, found in rocky shallow waters (Acmaeidae and......
  • docosahexaenoic acid (chemical compound)
    ...by lowering blood pressure, reducing blood clotting, preventing irregular heart rhythms, and acting as anti-inflammatory agents. The long-chain omega-3 fatty acids eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) are derived from alpha-linolenic acid, a shorter-chain member of the same family. Fatty fish such as salmon, herring, sardines, mackerel, and tuna are high in both EPA and......
  • “Docteur amoureux, Le” (play by Molière)
    ...XIV, and followed it with what Molière described as one of those little entertainments which had won him some reputation with provincial audiences. This was Le Docteur amoureux (“The Amorous Doctor”); whether it was in the form still extant is doubtful. It apparently was a success and secured the favour of the King’s brother Philippe, duc d’Orléa...
  • Docteur miracle, Le (work by Bizet)
    Bizet had already shown a gift for composition far superior to that of a merely precocious boy. His first stage work, the one-act operetta Le Docteur miracle, performed in Paris in 1857, is marked simply by high spirits and an easy mastery of the operetta idiom of the day. His Symphony in C Major, however, written in 1855 but......
  • Docteur Miracle, Le (operetta by Lecoq)
    Lecocq studied at the Paris Conservatoire under François Bazin, Fromental Halévy, and François Benoist. His first operetta, Le Docteur Miracle (1857), written for a competition organized by Offenbach, shared the prize with a setting of the same libretto by Bizet. He produced six one-act operettas, but his first real success was the three-act Fleur de......
  • Docteur Pascal, Le (work by Zola)
    ...superimposes the viewpoints of numerous characters to capture the vividness of individual vision while at the same time obtaining an overall strategic sense of the war. Finally, in Le Docteur Pascal (1893) he uses the main character, the doctor Pascal Rougon, armed with a genealogical tree of the Rougon-Macquart family published with the novel, to expound the theories o...
  • doctor (degree)
    ...bachelor’s degree had thus completed the first stage of academic life and was enabled to proceed with a course of study for the degree of master or doctor. After completing those studies, he was examined by the chancellor’s board and by the faculty and, if successful, received a master’s or doctor’s degree, which admitted him into the teachers...
  • doctor (medicine)
    The issues studied in bioethics can be grouped into several categories. One category concerns the relationship between doctor and patient, including issues that arise from conflicts between a doctor’s duty to promote the health of his patient and the patient’s right to self-determination or autonomy, a right that in the medical context is usually taken to encompass a right to be full...
  • Doctor and the Devils, The (work by Thomas)
    ...as the best seller The English Patient (1996), by Michael Ondaatje. In the instance of Dylan Thomas’s The Doctor and the Devils (1953), a script became a literary work without ever having been made into a motion picture....
  • Doctor Angelicus (Italian Christian theologian and philosopher)
    Foremost philosopher and theologian of the Roman Catholic church....
  • Doctor Atomic (opera by Adams)
    ...South African writer J.M. Coetzee’s book about the evils of state-sponsored repression. In October, two months after the 60th anniversary of the bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki, John Adams’s Doctor Atomic was presented by the San Francisco Opera. The work was based on the efforts of a team of scientists led by J. Robert Oppenheimer that led to the detonation of the atomi...
  • doctor blade (printing)
    Between inking and printing, the wiping mechanism comes into action. It consists of a thin blade of soft steel, the scraper, or doctor blade, which moves slowly to and fro lengthwise. By rubbing against the cylinder with a precisely regulated degree of pressure, it causes the excess ink to drop off before the cylinder moves over the paper....
  • doctor blading (materials processing)
    ...and the multilayer structures used in both integrated-circuit packages and multilayer capacitors. A common tape-casting method is called doctor blading. In this process a ceramic powder slurry, containing an organic solvent such as ethanol and various other additives (e.g., polymer binder), is continuously cast onto a moving carrier......
  • Doctor Club (philosophical society)
    ...intense vexation at having to make an idol of a view I detested.” The Hegelian pressure in the revolutionary student culture was powerful, however, and Marx joined a society called the Doctor Club, whose members were intensely involved in the new literary and philosophical movement. Their chief figure was Bruno Bauer, a young lecturer in theology, who was developing the idea that......
  • Doctor Copernicus (fictional biography by Banville)
    ...stories. This work was followed by two novels: Nightspawn (1971), an intentionally ambiguous narrative, and Birchwood (1973), the story of a decaying Irish family. Doctor Copernicus (1976), Kepler (1981), and The Newton Letter: An Interlude (1982) are fictional biographies based on the lives of noted scientists. These three works use......
  • Doctor Dolittle (film by Fleischer [1967])
    ...for Thoroughly Modern MillieScoring of Music Adaptation or Treatment: Ken Darby and Alfred Newman for CamelotSong Original for the Picture: “Talk to the Animals” from Doctor Dolittle; music and lyrics by Leslie BricusseHonorary Award: Arthur Freed...
  • Doctor Faustus (literary character)
    hero of one of the most durable legends in Western folklore and literature, the story of a German necromancer or astrologer who sells his soul to the devil in exchange for knowledge and power. There was a historical Faust, indeed perhaps two, one of whom more than once alluded to the devil as his Schwager, or crony. One or both died about 1540, leaving a tangled legend of sorcery and alche...
  • Doctor Faustus (novel by Mann)
    In Doktor Faustus, begun in 1943 at the darkest period of the war, Mann wrote the most directly political of his novels. It is the life story of a German composer, Adrian Leverkühn, born in 1885, who dies in 1940 after 10 years of mental alienation. A solitary, estranged figure, he “speaks” the experience of his times in his music, and the story of Leverkühn...
  • Doctor in Spite of Himself, The (play by Molière)
    In the hands of a master such as Molière, the comedy of intrigue often shades into a comedy of manners. Thus, Le Médecin malgré lui (1666; The Doctor in Spite of Himself), which begins as a farce based on the simple joke of mistaking the ne’er-do-well woodcutter Sganarelle for a doctor, gradually becomes a satire on learned pretension and bourgeois creduli...
  • Doctor Invincibilis (English philosopher)
    Franciscan philosopher, theologian, and political writer, a late scholastic thinker regarded as the founder of a form of nominalism—the school of thought that denies that universal concepts such as “father” have any reality apart from the individual things signified by the universal or general term....
  • Doctor J (American basketball player)
    American collegiate and professional basketball player who was one of the most colourful and exciting figures in the game during the 1970s and ’80s. At 6 feet 6 inches (1.98 metres), Erving played forward and was noted for his fast breaks, balletic leaps toward the basket, and climactic slam dunks....
  • Doctor Kildare (American television program)
    ...in 1944, he resumed his career in Hollywood and on Broadway. He directed 35 plays altogether, and during the 1960s he played the continuing role of Dr. Gillespie in the popular television series Doctor Kildare....
  • Doctor Mirabilis (English philosopher and scientist)
    English Franciscan philosopher and educational reformer who was a major medieval proponent of experimental science. Bacon studied mathematics, astronomy, optics, alchemy, and languages. He was the first European to describe in detail the process of making gunpowder, and he proposed flying machines and motorized ships and carriages. Bacon (as he himself complacently remarked) dis...
  • doctor of dental medicine (degree)
    After predental courses, training consists of four years in a faculty of dentistry to qualify as a doctor of dental surgery (D.D.S.) or doctor of dental medicine (D.M.D.), both degrees being equivalent. The program of studies during the four-year course includes the following biological sciences: human anatomy, biochemistry, bacteriology, histology, pathology, pharmacology, microbiology, and......
  • doctor of dental surgery (degree)
    After predental courses, training consists of four years in a faculty of dentistry to qualify as a doctor of dental surgery (D.D.S.) or doctor of dental medicine (D.M.D.), both degrees being equivalent. The program of studies during the four-year course includes the following biological sciences: human anatomy, biochemistry, bacteriology, histology, pathology, pharmacology, microbiology, and......
  • doctor process of oxidation (chemistry)
    Sweetening processes oxidize mercaptans into more innocuous disulfides, which remain in the product fuels. Catalysts assist in the oxidation. The doctor process employs sodium plumbite, a solution of lead oxide in caustic soda, as a catalyst. At one time this inexpensive process was......
  • Doctor Resolutus (English theologian and philosopher)
    English theologian and philosopher who, although he did not subscribe to the heterodox doctrine of the great Muslim philosopher Averroës, was regarded by the Renaissance Averroists as Princeps Averroistarum (“the prince of the Averroists”), and who strongly influenced the Carmelite scholastics for two centuries....
  • Doctor Satan (French serial killer)
    French serial killer who preyed on Jewish refugees attempting to flee France during the Nazi occupation. His crimes were the inspiration for Henri Troyat’s novel La Tête sur les épaules (1951; “A Good Head on His Shoulders”) and the film Docteur Petiot (1990)....
  • Doctor Solemnis (French philosopher)
    Scholastic philosopher and theologian, one of the most illustrious teachers of his time, who was a great adversary of St. Thomas Aquinas and whose controversial writings influenced his contemporaries and followers, particularly postmedieval Platonists....
  • Doctor Strangelove or: How I Learned to Stop Worrying and Love the Bomb (film by Kubrick)
    ...of the future. After Spartacus (1960), a historical epic, Kubrick made Lolita (1962), based on the novel by Vladimir Nabokov; Dr. Strangelove or: How I Learned to Stop Worrying and Love the Bomb (1964), which turned the possibility of a nuclear war into a grim joke; 2001: A Space Odyssey......
  • Doctor Subtilis (Scottish philosopher and theologian)
    influential Franciscan realist philosopher and scholastic theologian who pioneered the classical defense of the doctrine that Mary, the mother of Jesus, was conceived without original sin (the Immaculate Conception). He also argued that the Incarnation was not dependent on the fact that man had sinned, tha...
  • doctor test (chemistry)
    ...the addition of lead salts to liquid petroleum products is the basis for the so-called doctor test for the detection of thiols....
  • Doctor, The (work by Southey)
    ...Progress of Methodism (1820); in the lively Letters from England: By Don Manuel Alvarez Espriella, the observations of a fictitious Spaniard (1807); and in the anonymously published The Doctor, 7 vol. (1834–47), a rambling miscellany packed with comment, quotations, and anecdotes (including the well-known children’s classic “The Story of the Three Bears...
  • Doctor Universalis (German theologian, scientist, and philosopher)
    Dominican bishop and philosopher best known as a teacher of St. Thomas Aquinas and as a proponent of Aristotelianism at the University of Paris. He established the study of nature as a legitimate science within the Christian tradition...
  • Doctor Who (British television program)
    British science-fiction television series produced by the British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC). The show’s original run lasted 26 years, from 1963 to 1989. Remembered for its primitive special effects and interesting story lines, Doctor Who became a landmark of British popular culture....
  • Doctor Zhivago (film by Lean [1965])
    Original Screenplay: Frederic Raphael for DarlingAdapted Screenplay: Robert Bolt for Doctor ZhivagoCinematography, Black-and-White: Ernest Laszlo for Ship of FoolsCinematography, Color: Freddie Young for Doctor ZhivagoArt Direction, Black-and-White: Robert Clatworthy for Ship of FoolsArt Direction, Color: John Box and Terry......
  • Doctor Zhivago (novel by Pasternak)
    ...fear of the Soviet bureaucracy that reform would get out of hand. Khrushchev himself was uneasy with intellectuals, and he sanctioned the repression of Boris Pasternak’s novel Doctor Zhivago (1957) within the Soviet Union, culminating in the refusal to allow Pasternak to accept the Nobel Prize for Literature ...
  • doctorate (degree)
    ...bachelor’s degree had thus completed the first stage of academic life and was enabled to proceed with a course of study for the degree of master or doctor. After completing those studies, he was examined by the chancellor’s board and by the faculty and, if successful, received a master’s or doctor’s degree, which admitted him into the teachers...
  • Doctorow, Cory (Canadian author)
    ...that piracy actually increases sales. A study in 2009 by the consulting firm O’Reilly Media and the book publisher Random House seemed to support that assertion. The Canadian science-fiction author Cory Doctorow has long held this view, as he gives away electronic versions of all of his writings, which he asserts only increases sales of his books. On the other hand, American science-fict...
  • Doctorow, E. L. (American author)
    American novelist known for his skillful manipulation of traditional genres....
  • Doctorow, Edgar Lawrence (American author)
    American novelist known for his skillful manipulation of traditional genres....
  • Doctor’s Boy (work by Anckarsvard)
    ...a historical novelist. The prolific Edith Unnerstad has written charming family stories, with a touch of fantasy, as has Karin Anckarsvärd, whose Doktorns pojk’ (1963; Eng. trans., Doctor’s Boy, 1965) is a quietly moving tale of small-town life in the horse-and-buggy days. The Sandbergs, Inger and Lasse, have advanced the Beskow tradition in a series of lovely...
  • Doctors’ Commons (legal society)
    formerly a self-governing teaching body of practitioners of canon and civil law. Located in London, it was similar to the Inns of Court, where English common law, rather than civil law, was taught. Members of the Doctors’ Commons were those who held degrees either of doctor of civil law at Oxford or doctor of law at ...
  • Doctor’s Dilemma, The (play by Shaw)
    ...while those of the Salvation Army require the hypocrisies of often-false public confession and the donations of the distillers and the armourers against which it inveighs. In The Doctor’s Dilemma (performed 1906), Shaw produced a satire upon the medical profession (representing the self-protection of professions in general) and upon both the artistic temperame...
  • Doctor’s House, The (novel by Beattie)
    ...and his adulterous wife, and My Life, Starring Dara Falcon (1997) is an exploration of the relationship between a young woman in a dead-end marriage and a manipulative aspiring actress. The Doctor’s House (2002) portrays the impact of a despicable father and an alcoholic mother on their adult children. Beattie also wrote the child...
  • Doctors’ Plot (Soviet history)
    (1953), alleged conspiracy of prominent Soviet medical specialists to murder leading government and party officials; the prevailing opinion of many scholars outside the Soviet Union is that Joseph Stalin intended to use the resulting doctors’ trial to launch a massive party purge....
  • Doctor’s Wife, The (work by Ariyoshi Sawako)
    Ariyoshi’s first major novel, Kinokawa (1964; The River Ki), chronicles three generations of aristocratic women in the 20th century. Hanaoka Seishū no tsuma (1967; The Doctor’s Wife), perhaps her best-known work, concerns the brave wife and domineering mother of Hanaoka Seishū, a 19th-century surgeon who pioneered the surgical use of anesthes...
  • Doctors Without Borders (international organization)
    international humanitarian group dedicated to providing medical care to victims of political violence or natural disasters, as well as to those who lack access to such treatment. The group was awarded the 1999 Nobel Pr...
  • “Doctrina duodecim Apostolorum” (canon law)
    ...the Apostles) contain the oldest descriptions of the customs existing in the East from the 2nd century until the 5th. The sources of all the others are the Doctrina duodecim Apostolorum (Doctrine of the Twelve Apostles, 2nd century?), the Didascalia Apostolorum (Teaching of the Apostles, 3rd century), and the Traditio Apostolica (Apostolic Tradition),.....
  • Doctrinaires (French history)
    In politics under Louis XVIII and Charles X, Broglie identified himself with the Doctrinaires, a small but active group that advocated constitutional monarchy and was in charge of drafting the liberal press law adopted during Louis......
  • Doctrinas de Guaranies (community)
    ...in eastern Paraguay among the Guaraní of the Paraná River. Eventually about 30 large and successful mission towns constituted the famous “Jesuit Utopia,” the Doctrinas de Guaranies. In 1767, however, the expulsion of the Jesuits was followed by the scattering of mission Indians, who were often taken into slavery, and the confiscation of Indian land....
  • doctrine (religion)
    the explication and officially acceptable version of a religious teaching. The development of doctrines and dogmas has significantly affected the traditions, institutions, and practices of the religions of the world. Doctrines and dogmas also have influenced and been influenced by the ongoing development of secular history, science, and philosophy....
  • Doctrine and Covenants (religious literature)
    one of the four scriptures of Mormonism, along with the Bible, the Book of Mormon, and the Pearl of Great Price. It contains the ongoing revelations through 1844 of Joseph Smith, the founder and first president of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints (LDS). The editio...
  • Doctrine and Discipline of Divorce (work by Milton)
    During his domestic strife and after his wife’s desertion, Milton probably began to frame the arguments of four prose tracts: The Doctrine and Discipline of Divorce (1643, enlarged 2nd ed. 1644), The Judgment of Martin Bucer Concerning Divorce (1644), Tetrachordon (1645), and ......
  • Doctrine of Addai (Syrian myth)
    A developed form of the legend exists in the Doctrine of Addai, a Syriac document containing suggestions of primitive Christianity in Edessa. In any event, the letters, probably composed early in the 4th century, have been considered spurious since the 5th century. They were translated from Syriac into Greek, Armenian, Latin, Arabic, and other ancient languages, clear evidence of the......
  • Doctrine of Chances, The (work by Moivre)
    De Moivre expanded his paper “De mensura sortis” (written in 1711), which appeared in Philosophical Transactions, into The Doctrine of Chances (1718). Although the modern theory of probability had begun with the unpublished correspondence (1654) between Blaise Pascal and ......
  • Doctrine of the Faith, Congregation for the (Roman Catholic Church)
    As prefect of the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith, the Vatican office responsible for preserving Catholic doctrine and evaluating according to canon law the warrant for disciplinary action against clergy, Ratzinger earned a reputation as a hard-liner. He condemned liberation theology and suppressed more-liberal theologians such as the Brazilian Leonardo Boff and the American Charles......
  • Doctrine of the Incarnation Opened (work by Irving)
    ...centre of a “school of the prophets,” which published the Morning Watch, or Quarterly Journal of Prophecy periodically from 1829 to 1833. In 1828 his Doctrine of the Incarnation Opened aroused opposition for its denigration of the human side of Christ’s nature. After a similar work by him appeared in 1830, he was charged in ......
  • “Doctrine of the Mean” (Confucian text)
    one of four Confucian texts that, when published together in 1190 by the Neo-Confucian philosopher Zhu Xi, became the famous Sishu (“Four Books”). Zhu chose Zhongyong for its metaphysical interest, which had already attracted the attention of Buddhists and earlier Neo-Confucianists. In his preface Zhu attributed authorsh...
  • Doctrine of the Twelve Apostles (canon law)
    ...the Apostles) contain the oldest descriptions of the customs existing in the East from the 2nd century until the 5th. The sources of all the others are the Doctrina duodecim Apostolorum (Doctrine of the Twelve Apostles, 2nd century?), the Didascalia Apostolorum (Teaching of the Apostles, 3rd century), and the Traditio Apostolica (Apostolic Tradition),.....
  • Doctrine of the Word of God: Prolegomena to Church Dogmatics, The (work by Barth)
    ...1947. It was also at Münster that he wrote his first attempt at dogmatics, Die Lehre vom Worte Gottes; Prolegomena zur christlichen Dogmatik (1927; The Doctrine of the Word of God: Prolegomena to Church Dogmatics), in which his characteristic account of the Word of God, divine revelation, and the Trinity, Incarnation, and the ......
  • Doctrines and Covenants (work by Smith)
    ...of “Egyptian” texts that he declared to be the Book of Abraham, were incorporated into the Pearl of Great Price. The Doctrines and Covenants contains Smith’s ongoing revelations through 1844. The editions of the Utah church and of the Community of Christ add the revelations of their respective church...
  • document (information storage)
    ...on clay tablets and in hieroglyphic script on papyrus, contained information about legal and economic transactions. In these and other early document collections (e.g., those of China produced during the Shang dynasty in the 2nd millennium bc and Buddhist collections in In...
  • document formatting language (computing)
    Document formatting languages specify the organization of printed text and graphics. They fall into several classes: text formatting notation that can serve the same functions as a word processing program, page description languages that are interpreted by a printing device, and, most generally, markup languages that describe the intended function of portions of a document....
  • document imaging (computing)
    ...by keyboard transcription because they contain drawings or still images and because such transcription would be highly uneconomical. Such documents are digitized economically by a process called document imaging (see Figure 2)....
  • “Document of the New Covenant in the Land of Damascus, The” (biblical literature)
    one of the most important extant works of the ancient Essene community of Jews at Qumrān in Palestine. The Essenes fled to the Judaean desert wilderness around Qumrān during Antiochus IV Epiphanes’ persecution of Palestinian Jews from 175 to 164/163 bc. Though a precise date for the composition of the Damascus Document has not been deter...
  • document type definition (computer science)
    SGML is used to specify DTDs (document type definitions). A DTD defines a kind of document, such as a report, by specifying what elements must appear in the document—e.g., <Title>—and giving rules for the use of document elements, such as that a paragraph may appear within a table entry but a table may not appear w...
  • Documenta 11 (art exhibition)
    ...into practice his theory of art as an expression of social change when from 1998 to 2002 he was the artistic director of Documenta 11, the 11th in a series of international exhibitions that are held in Kassel, Ger., for three months every five years.......
  • documentary (art)
    Development of the radio documentary stemmed from drama as writers searched for new material especially appropriate for broadcasting. Not surprisingly, early documentary was in dramatic form, and most of it was based on well-known historical events, of which the programs were in effect dramatic reconstructions. Production of radio documentaries was simplified by the invention of ......
  • documentary evidence (law)
    Documentary evidence is in many respects considered better than the evidence furnished by witnesses, about which there has always been a certain amount of suspicion. Documentary evidence differs considerably from the evidence of witnesses and is dealt with under special rules....
  • documentary film (motion picture)
    motion picture that shapes and interprets factual material for purposes of education or entertainment. Documentaries have been made in one form or another in nearly every country and have contributed significantly to the development of realism in films. John Grierson, a Scottish educator who had studied mass communication in the United States, adapted the term in the mid-1920s f...
  • documentary hand (Greek calligraphy)
    Documentary hands show a considerable range: stylized official “chancery” hands, the workaday writing of government clerks or of the street scribes who drew up wills or wrote letters to order, the idiosyncratic or nearly illiterate writing of private individuals. The scribe’s aim was to write quickly, lifting the pen very little and consequently often combining several letters...
  • documentary novel (literary genre)
    story of actual people and actual events told with the dramatic techniques of a novel. The American writer Truman Capote claimed to have invented this genre with his book In Cold Blood (1965). A true story of the brutal murder of a Kansas farm family, the book was based on six years of exacting research and interviews with neighbours and friends of the ...
  • Documentary Theatre (German dramatic movement)
    German dramatic movement that arose during the early 1960s, associated primarily with Rolf Hochhuth, Peter Weiss, and Heinar Kipphardt. Their political plays examined recent historical events, often through official documents and court records. Their concern that the West, and especially Germany, was forgetting the political horrors of the Nazi era led them to explore themes of ...
  • documentation
    The accounting organization is responsible for preparing documents that contain instructions for a variety of tasks, such as payment of customer bills or preparing employee payrolls. It prepares confidential documents, such as records of employees’ salaries and wages. Many of these documents also serve other accounting purposes, but they would have to be prepared even if no information repo...
  • DOD (United States government)
    executive division of the U.S. federal government responsible for ensuring national security and supervising U.S. military forces. Based in the Pentagon, it includes the Joint Chiefs of Staff, the departments of the U.S. Army, U.S. Navy, and U.S. Air Force, and numerous defense agencies and allied services. It was formed in 1947 by an act of C...
  • Doda Betta (mountain, India)
    mountain peak, the highest point in Tamil Nadu state, southeastern India, near Udhagamandalam. Rising to an elevation of 8,652 feet (2,637 metres), Doda Betta is a grass-covered hill that is frequently climbed by summer visitors, and the summit is accessible by automobile. It is the second highest peak in the Western Ghats...
  • Dodd, C. H. (British biblical scholar)
    ...and that he appeared to Cephas [Peter], then to the twelve…” (15:1–8). The speeches in the Acts of the Apostles are the basis of the following synthesis, by the biblical scholar C.H. Dodd, of the early apostolic preaching, or kerygma (from the Greek term for a herald’s proclamation); in Dodd’s synthesis, the story of Jesus is located a little more fully in God...
  • Dodd, Chris (American politician)
    American Democratic politician, who served as a member of the U.S. House of Representatives (1975–81) and of the U.S. Senate (1981– )....

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