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Shuifeng Shuiba (dam, China-North Korea)
hydroelectric project on the Yalu River at the North Korean border with Liaoning province, northeastern China, upstream from Dandong. It was originally designed as a joint project of the Japanese-controlled Manchukuo (Manzhouguo) government, which administered the Northeast (Manchuria) from 1931 to 1945,...
Shuiguan (Chinese mythology)
in Chinese Daoism, the Three Officials: Tianguan, official of heaven who bestows happiness; Diguan, official of earth who grants remission of sins; and Shuiguan, official of water who averts misfortune. The Chinese theatre did much to popularize Tianguan by introducing a skit before each play called “The Official of Heaven Brings Happiness.” Reflecting a Daoist principle that held......
“Shuihuzhuan” (Chinese novel)
...yanyi (Romance of the Three Kingdoms) and Shuihuzhuan (The Water Margin, also published as All Men Are Brothers) became the universally acclaimed masterpieces of the historical and picaresque genres, respectively. Sequels to each were produced throughout the Ming period. Wu......
shuimo (Chinese art)
...and employed various styles, but he is particularly renowned for being among the first to develop the art of landscape painting. He is best known for ink monochrome (shuimo) landscapes, especially snowscapes. The latter demanded the use of pomo (“breaking the ink”), a broader ink-wash technique with......
shuimodiao (Chinese theatre)
form of Chinese drama that developed in the 16th century....
shuin-jō (license)
...made efforts to trade not only with the Portuguese Roman Catholics but also with Protestant Holland and England, protecting trade with the southern regions by granting special licenses, or shuin-jō (“red-seal license”), to oceangoing merchant ships. But Ieyasu’s encouragement of trade was aimed at establishing a bakufu trade monopoly. In 1604, for examp...
Shuisky, Vasily Ivanovich, Prince (tsar of Russia)
boyar who became tsar (1606–10) during Russia’s Time of Troubles....
Shujāʿ ibn Mana (Iraqi artisan)
Among the most famous surviving Mosul pieces is a brass ewer inlaid with silver (1232; British Museum) made by Shujāʿ ibn Mana. The ewer features representational as well as abstract design, depicting battle scenes, animals, and musicians within medallions. Mosul metalworkers also created pieces for eastern Christians. A candlestick of this variety (1238; Museum of Decorative Arts,.....
Shujāʿ Mirza (king of Afghanistan)
shāh, or king, of Afghanistan (1803–10; 1839–42) whose alliance with the British led to his death....
Shujāʿ, Shāh (Mughal prince)
...the war of succession among the sons of Shah Jahān, Mughal emperor of India (1628–1657/58). When Shah Jahān fell ill in 1657, his four sons—Dārā Shikōh, Shāh Shujāʿ, Aurangzeb, and Murād Bakhsh—fought for power: Shujāʿ, the second son—who had quickly set himself up as the independent governo...
Shujāʿ-al-Dawlah (nawab of Oudh)
...commander in chief of Bengal with power to override the council. Arriving in Calcutta for the second time on May 3, 1765, he found that the decisive Battle of Baksar (Buxar) had already been won; Shujāʿ al-Dawlah, the nawab of Oudh (Ayodhya), was in flight, and the emperor had joined the British camp. But there was a political and military vacuum between Bengal and Delhi (the Mugh...
Shujāʿ-ul-Mulk (king of Afghanistan)
shāh, or king, of Afghanistan (1803–10; 1839–42) whose alliance with the British led to his death....
Shujing (Chinese historical text)
one of the Five Classics (Wujing) of Chinese antiquity. The Shujing is a compilation of documentary records related to events in China’s ancient history. Though it has been demonstrated that certain chapters are forgeries, the authentic parts constitute the oldest ...
Shukairī, Aḥmad (Palestinian political leader)
Palestinian nationalist who led the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO) from 1964 to 1967....
Shukairy, Aḥmad (Palestinian political leader)
Palestinian nationalist who led the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO) from 1964 to 1967....
Shukeiry, Aḥmad (Palestinian political leader)
Palestinian nationalist who led the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO) from 1964 to 1967....
Shukhevych, Roman (Ukrainian political leader)
The Sovietization of western Ukraine was a prolonged and violent process. The UPA, under the leadership of Roman Shukhevych (killed 1950), continued effective military operations against Soviet troops until the early 1950s. The armed resistance received covert support from the local rural population, embittered by the concurrent forced collectivization drive, reminiscent of the 1930s in eastern......
Shukō (Japanese monk)
...aspects: the rules of procedure, the utensils, the teahouse architecture (of which he designed several styles), and even the tea-garden landscaping. He returned to the utter simplicity practiced by Shukō, a 15th-century monk who founded the Japanese tea ceremony. He firmly established the concepts of wabi (deliberate simplicity in daily living) an...
Shūkongōjin (Buddhist deity)
The “secret” image of Shūkongōjin (733), a guardian deity, is secluded in a cordoned space behind the Fukūkenjaku Kannon and presented for viewing only once a year. A clay sculpture with its original gold leaf and polychromy largely intact, the thunderbolt-wielding deity is approximately life-size. Modeled on Chinese statues of guardian generals, the......
Shukri, Muhammad (Moroccan author)
Moroccan writer (b. July 15, 1935, Beni Chikar, Mor.—d. Nov. 15, 2003, Tangier, Mor.), was known for his autobiographical writings and for his friendships with other writers in Morocco. By Shukri’s own account, his father sold him as a boy to a hashish addict. Shukri ran away from home and made a living by engaging in petty crime and by working at menial jobs. He did not learn to rea...
Shukrī Muṣṭafā (Egyptian agronomist)
name given by Egyptian authorities to a radical Islamic group calling itself the Society of Muslims. It was founded in 1971 by a young agronomist, Shukrī Muṣṭafā, who had been arrested in 1965 for distributing Muslim Brotherhood leaflets and was released from prison in 1971. Appealing to those who saw mainstream society—from which the group sought to......
Shukriyah (people)
...and the Rubtab. The Juhaynah, by contrast, traditionally consisted of nomadic tribes, although some of them have now become settled. Among the major tribes in the Juhaynah grouping are the Shukriyah, the Kababish, and the Baqqārah. All three of these tribes herd camels or cattle on the semiarid plains of western, central, and eastern Sudan....
Shukshin, Vasily (Soviet author)
...writers, who treated the clash of rural traditions with modern life in a realistic idiom; the most notable members of this group are the novelist Valentin Rasputin and the short-story writer Vasily Shukshin. The morally complex fiction of Yury Trifonov, staged in the urban setting (e.g., The House on the Embankment [1976]), stands somewhat apart from the works of Rasputin......
Shukulumbwe (people)
a Bantu-speaking people inhabiting an area west of Lusaka, the national capital of Zambia. The Ila-Tonga cluster consists of about 12 dialect groups, including the Lozi, Koba, Lenje, Tonga, Totela, Ila, and others....
Shula, Don (American coach)
American professional gridiron football player and coach, notably of the National Football League (NFL) Miami Dolphins (1970–95), who won more games than any other NFL coach....
Shula, Donald Francis (American coach)
American professional gridiron football player and coach, notably of the National Football League (NFL) Miami Dolphins (1970–95), who won more games than any other NFL coach....
Shulgi (king of Ur)
...Yet a new ruling house soon appeared, the Simash dynasty (Simash may have been in the mountains of southern Lorestān). The outstanding event of this period was the virtual conquest of Elam by Shulgi of the 3rd dynasty of Ur (c. 2094–c. 2047 bc). Eventually the Elamites rose in rebellion and overthrew the 3rd Ur dynasty, an event long remembered in Mesop...
Shulḥan ʿarukh (Jewish religious text)
(Hebrew: “Prepared Table”), a 16th-century codification of Jewish religious law and practice that is still the standard reference work for Orthodox observance. The Shulḥan ʿarukh, compiled and published by Joseph ben Ephraim Karo (1488–1575) as a compendium of his larger work Bet ...
Shuli (people)
ethnolinguistic group of northern Uganda and southernmost Sudan. Numbering more than one million at the turn of the 21st century, they speak a Western Nilotic language of the Eastern Sudanic branch of the Nilo-Saharan family and are culturally and historically related to their traditional enemies, the neighbouring ...
Shull, Clifford G. (American physicist)
American physicist who was corecipient of the 1994 Nobel Prize for Physics for his development of neutron-scattering techniques—in particular, neutron diffraction, a process that enabled scientists to better explore the ...
Shull, Clifford Glenwood (American physicist)
American physicist who was corecipient of the 1994 Nobel Prize for Physics for his development of neutron-scattering techniques—in particular, neutron diffraction, a process that enabled scientists to better explore the ...
Shull, George Harrison (American botanist)
American botanist and geneticist known as the father of hybrid corn (maize). As a result of his researches, corn yields per acre were increased 25 to 50 percent. He developed a method of corn breeding that made possible the production of seed capable of thriving under various soil and climatic conditions....
Shulman, Alexander (Canadian surgeon)
Canadian-born surgeon who in the 1950s discovered the efficacy of using ice water to treat burns; he also helped to introduce improvements in the treatment of various other conditions, including the use of a minimally invasive procedure for hernia repair and the prescription of the blood-thinning drug heparin for patients at risk for heart attac...
Shul’man, Leonid (Soviet astronomer)
...mantle of a different nature had already been proposed before the 1986 spacecraft encounter with Comet Halley for two reasons. First, cosmic-ray processing of the outer layers had been described by Leonid M. Shul’man of the Soviet Union (1972) and later advocated by Fred Whipple and Bertram Donn of the United States, while the outgassing of the outer layers by solar heat had also been as...
Shulmanu-Asharidu I (king of Assyria)
king of Assyria (reigned c. 1263–c. 1234 bc) who significantly extended Assyrian hegemony....
Shulmanu-Asharidu III (king of Assyria)
king of Assyria (reigned 858–824 bc) who pursued a vigorous policy of military expansion....
Shulmanu-Asharidu V (king of Assyria and Babylon)
king of Assyria (reigned 726–721 bc) who subjugated ancient Israel and undertook a punitive campaign to quell the rebellion of Israel’s king Hoshea (2 Kings 17)....
Shultz, George (United States statesman)
...perhaps even more so for the retreat of the superpowers and their stabilizing influence: the conflict between Israel and the Palestinians. Throughout his years as U.S. secretary of state, George Schultz had tried to promote the peace process in the Middle East by brokering direct negotiations between Israel and the Palestine Liberation Organization. Such talks would require the PLO to......
Shumard oak (tree)
The scarlet oak (Q. coccinea), Nuttall oak (Q. nuttallii), and Shumard oak (Q. shumardii) are other valuable timber trees of eastern and southern North America. The scarlet oak has a short, rapidly tapering trunk and leaves with nearly circular sinuses; it is a popular ornamental because of its scarlet autumn foliage. The Nuttall oak is a slender, often......
Shumen (Bulgaria)
town, northeastern Bulgaria. It lies in a valley in the eastern foothills of the Shumen limestone plateau. The town is a road and rail centre with such industries as tobacco processing, canning and brewing, furniture making, and the manufacture of enamelware. Shumen also has a factory that makes farm-machinery components; fou...
Shumsky, Oleksander (Soviet government official)
...by the “national communists,” including such Ukrainian Bolsheviks as Skrypnyk and Khvylovy, and especially by the former Borotbists, most prominently the people’s commissar of education, Oleksander Shumsky. The policy, however, encountered strong resistance from the non-Ukrainian leaders of the CP(B)U and party functionaries. The national revival also aroused concern in Mos...
Shumsky, Oscar (American musician)
American violinist, conductor, and teacher (b. March 23, 1917, Philadelphia, Pa.—d. July 24, 2000, Rye, N.Y.), was a virtuoso violinist and one of the 20th century’s greatest interpreters of Bach, Mozart, and Brahms. He played the violin from the age of three, and at age eight he began studying under renowned Hungarian-born violinist ...
Shumway, Norman E. (American surgeon)
American surgeon and pioneer in cardiac transplantation, who on January 6, 1968, at the Stanford Medical Center in Stanford, California, performed the first successful human heart transplant in the United States....
Shumway, Norman Edward (American surgeon)
American surgeon and pioneer in cardiac transplantation, who on January 6, 1968, at the Stanford Medical Center in Stanford, California, performed the first successful human heart transplant in the United States....
Shumyatsky, Boris (Soviet official)
...Commissariat of Education and placed it under the direct authority of the Supreme Council of the National Economy. Reorganized as Soyuzkino, the trust was turned over to the reactionary bureaucrat Boris Shumyatsky, a proponent of the narrowly ideological doctrine known as Socialist Realism. This policy, which came to dominate the Soviet arts, dictated that individual creativity be subordinated....
Shun (legendary emperor of China)
in Chinese mythology, a legendary emperor (c. 23rd century bce) of the golden age of antiquity, singled out by Confucius as a model of integrity and resplendent virtue. His name is invariably associated with that of Yao, his legendary predecessor....
Shun-chih (emperor of Qing dynasty)
reign name (nianhao) of the first emperor (reigned 1644–61) of the Qing (Manchu) dynasty (1644–1911/12)....
Shun-ti (emperor of Yuan dynasty)
last emperor (reigned 1333–68) of the Yuan (Mongol) dynasty (1206–1368) in China, under whom the population was provoked into rebellion....
Shundi (emperor of Yuan dynasty)
last emperor (reigned 1333–68) of the Yuan (Mongol) dynasty (1206–1368) in China, under whom the population was provoked into rebellion....
Shunga dynasty (Indian dynasty)
Indian ruling house founded by Pusyamitra about 185 bce, which replaced the Mauryan dynasty. Pusyamitra assassinated Brihadratha, the last Mauryan ruler, at a military parade and assumed royal power. Pusyamitra was a Brahman, and, though he is said to have persecuted Buddhists, Buddhism still flourished in many areas under his control....
Shungwaya (ancient settlement, East Africa)
The spread of some Bantu to the northern coast of East Africa during the 1st millennium ce is supported by the memory of a settlement area named Shungwaya situated to the north of the Tana River. Shungwaya appears to have had its heyday as a Bantu settlement area between perhaps the 12th and the 15th centuries, after which it was subjected to a full-scale invasion of Cushitic-speakin...
Shunjōbō Chōgen (Japanese monk)
New architectural styles also emerged from the void created by the Gempei War devastation. No person was more instrumental in the renaissance of religious art and architecture than the monk Shunjōbō Chōgen (1121–1206), who oversaw the restoration of Tōdai Temple. Nandai-mon, the main entry gate of this revered temple, offers a superb example of the ......
Shunosaurus (dinosaur)
New architectural styles also emerged from the void created by the Gempei War devastation. No person was more instrumental in the renaissance of religious art and architecture than the monk Shunjōbō Chōgen (1121–1206), who oversaw the restoration of Tōdai Temple. Nandai-mon, the main entry gate of this revered temple, offers a superb example of the .........
Shunrō (Japanese artist)
Japanese master artist and printmaker of the ukiyo-e (“pictures of the floating world”) school. His early works represent the full spectrum of ukiyo-e art, including single-sheet prints of landscapes and actors, hand paintings, and surimono (“printed things”), such as greetings and announcements. Later he concentrated on the classical themes of...
Shunshoku umegoyomi (work by Tamenaga)
...by Jippensha Ikku, an account of the travels and comic misfortunes of two irrepressible men from Edo along the Tōkaidō, the great highway between Kyōto and Edo. Shunshoku umegoyomi (1832–33; “Spring Colours: The Plum Calendar”), by Tamenaga Shunsui, is the story of Tanjirō, a peerlessly handsome but ineffectual young man ...
Shunshui (Chinese patriot)
Chinese scholar and patriot who fled China after the destruction of the Ming dynasty (1368–1644). Arriving in Japan, he became one of the primary compilers of the Dai Nihon shi (“History of Great Japan”), a comprehensive rewriting of Japanese history, which served to reawaken nationalistic feelings as well as to de...
shunt motor (motor)
Commutator motors with adjustable field current are known as shunt motors, or separately excited motors. Normally, the available speed range is less than 2 to 1, but special motors can provide a speed range of up to 10 to 1....
shunt-excited DC generator (machine)
...that the output of the DC generator is unidirectional and therefore may be used as a source to supply its own field current, as shown in Figure 7B. In this case, the generator is referred to as shunt-excited. It has the advantage of requiring no independent electrical supply. Residual magnetic flux in the iron poles produces a small generated voltage as the machine is brought up to speed.......
shunting (biology)
In shunting, venous blood enters the bloodstream without passing through functioning lung tissue. Shunting of blood may result from abnormal vascular (blood vessel) communications or from blood flowing through unventilated portions of the lung (e.g., alveoli filled with fluid or inflammatory material). A reduction in arterial blood oxygenation is seen with shunting, but the level of......
shuntō (Japanese labour organization)
...of industrial federation or Rengō representatives. Instead, these latter groups coordinate enterprise-level bargaining, especially for the annual “spring offensive” (shuntō). Strikes, however, do not last long. Frequently, as in the “spring offensive,” strikes are scheduled in advance as a series of short work stoppages....
shunyata (Buddhist concept)
in Buddhist philosophy, the voidness that constitutes ultimate reality; sunyata is seen not as a negation of existence but rather as the undifferentiation out of which all apparent entities, distinctions, and dualities arise. Although the concept is encountered occasionally in early Pāli texts, its full implications were developed by the 2nd-century Indian philosopher Nāg...
Shunyavada (Buddhist school)
(Sanskrit: “Intermediate”), important school in the Mahāyāna (“Great Vehicle”) Buddhist tradition. Its name derives from its having sought a middle position between the realism of the Sarvāstivāda (“Doctrine That All Is Real”) school and the idealism of the Yogācāra (“Mind Only”) school. The most ren...
Shunzhi (emperor of Qing dynasty)
reign name (nianhao) of the first emperor (reigned 1644–61) of the Qing (Manchu) dynasty (1644–1911/12)....
Shunzong (emperor of Tang dynasty)
...striking force—numbering some 100,000 men by the end of his reign. Command was given to eunuchs considered loyal to the throne. The death of Dezong in 805 was followed by the brief reign of Shunzong, an invalid monarch whose court was dominated by the clique of Wang Shuwen and Wang Pei. They planned to take control of the palace armies from the eunuchs but failed....
shuoshu (Chinese storytelling)
The emphasis here has been on opera because it is best known, but there are many other popular forms from the Ming and Qing periods. One is storytelling (shuoshu). This tradition, which is as old as humankind and is noted in China’s earliest books, continues in China in a purely narrative form, in a sung style, and in a mixture of the two. Until the.....
Shuowen jiezi (work by Xu Shen)
The Shuowen jiezi (1st or 2nd century ce; “An Explication of Written Characters”) describes the bird as having the breast of a goose, the hindquarters of a stag, the neck of a snake, the tail of a fish, the forehead of a fowl, the down of a duck, the marks of a dragon, the back of a tortoise, the face of a swallow, and the beak of a cock. It is ...
Shupashkar (Russia)
city and capital, Chuvashia republic, Russia. It lies on the right bank of the middle Volga River, between Nizhny Novgorod and Kazan. Although Cheboksary is known to have existed since the mid-15th century, and a fortress was built there in 1555, the town remained unimportant until the building of a rail link to Kanash in 1939. Thereafter it...
Shuppiluliumash I (Hittite king)
Hittite king (reigned c. 1380–c. 1346 bc), who dominated the history of the ancient Middle East for the greater part of four decades and raised the Hittite kingdom to Imperial power. The son and successor of Tudhaliyas III, Suppiluliumas began his reign by rebuilding the ...
Shuqayrī, Aḥmad (Palestinian political leader)
Palestinian nationalist who led the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO) from 1964 to 1967....
Shuqayrī, Aḥmad al- (Palestinian political leader)
Palestinian nationalist who led the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO) from 1964 to 1967....
shūrā (Islam)
(Arabic: “consultation”), in early Islāmic history, the board of electors that was constituted by the second caliph (head of the Muslim community), ʿUmar I (634–644), to elect his successor. Thereafter, in Muslim states, shūrā variously designated a council of state, or advisers to the sovereign, a parliament (in modern times), and—in...
shura mono (Japanese theatre)
...of Noh plays. The first type, the kami (“god”) play, involves a sacred story of a Shintō shrine; the second, shura mono (“fighting play”), centres on warriors; the third, katsura mono (“wig play”), has a female protagonist; t...
Shūrā-ye Negahbān (Iranian government)
in Iranian government, a council empowered to vet legislation and oversee elections....
Shurasena (people)
...Pradesh. Avanti arose in the Ujjain-Narmada valley region, with its capital at Mahishmati; during the reign of King Pradyota, there was a matrimonial alliance with the royal family at Kaushambi. Shurasena had its capital at Mathura, and the tribe claimed descent from the Yadu clan. A reference to the Sourasenoi in later Greek writings is often identified with the Shurasena and the city of......
Shuriken (work by O’Sullivan)
...Middle Age Spread (published 1978), which was produced in London’s West End, and Glide Time (published 1977). O’Sullivan’s Shuriken (published 1985) used a riot by Japanese soldiers in a New Zealand prison camp to illustrate how understanding and sympathy fail to cross cultural boundaries. Drama, the last ...
Shurtleff, Molly (United States soldier)
American Revolutionary soldier and one of the earliest female lecturers in the country....
Shurtleff, Robert (United States soldier)
American Revolutionary soldier and one of the earliest female lecturers in the country....
Shurugwi (Zimbabwe)
town, central Zimbabwe. Shurugwi was established in 1899 by the British South Africa Company and Willoughby’s Consolidated Company. Its name was derived from a nearby bare oval granite hill that resembled the shape of a pigpen (selukwe) of the local Venda people. The town is the terminus of a ...
Shuruppak (ancient city, Iraq)
ancient Sumerian city located south of Nippur in what is now south-central Iraq and originally on the bank of the Euphrates River. Excavations there in the first half of the 20th century uncovered three levels of habitation extending in time from the late prehistoric period to the 3rd dynasty of Ur (c. 2112–200...
Shuseidō (Japanese artist)
Japanese potter and painter, brother to the artist Ogata Kōrin. He signed himself Kenzan, Shisui, Tōin, Shōkosai, Shuseidō, or Shinshō....
Shush (ancient city, Iran)
capital of Elam (Susiana) and administrative capital of the Achaemenian king Darius I and his successors from 522 bce. It was located at the foot of the Zagros Mountains near the bank of the Karkheh Kūr (Choaspes) River in the Khuz...
Shushan (ancient city, Iran)
capital of Elam (Susiana) and administrative capital of the Achaemenian king Darius I and his successors from 522 bce. It was located at the foot of the Zagros Mountains near the bank of the Karkheh Kūr (Choaspes) River in the Khuz...
Shushandukt (Sasanian queen)
Hamadan is mentioned in the Bible (Ezra 6:1–3), and there is a tradition of Jewish association with the town. The putative tomb of Esther located there is in reality that of Queen Shushandukt, or Suzan, wife of the Sāsānian king Yazdegerd I (died 420 ce) and mother of Bahrām V, the great hunter. She helped establish a Jewish colony in the city and was hers...
Shushigaku (Japanese philosophy)
(Japanese: “Chu Hsi school”), most influential of the Neo-Confucian schools that developed in Japan during the Tokugawa period (1603–1867). See Neo-Confucianism....
Shūshtar (Iran)
town, southwestern Iran. It is situated on a small plateau below the confluence of the Kārūn River with one of its minor tributaries. Many of the town’s stately houses of stone and brick have cellars, called zīr zamīn, to provide a cool shelter from the powerful summer heat, which may rea...
Shushu jiuzhang (work by Qin Jiushao)
...He interrupted his government career for three years beginning in 1244 because of his mother’s death; during the mourning period he wrote his only mathematical book, now known as Shushu jiuzhang (1247; “Mathematical Writings in Nine Sections”). He later rose to the position of provincial governor of Qiongzhou (in modern Hainan), but charges of corru...
Shushu jiyi (work by Xu Yue)
Xu wrote several books, of which only Shushu jiyi (“Memoir on the Methods of Numbering”), with a preface by Zhen Luan (flourished c. 560), is extant; some scholars question its authenticity, claiming that it was a forgery written in its entirety by Zhen. The treatise was used as an auxiliary mathematics textbook in the Tang (618–907) and Song (960–12...
shusi (unit of measurement)
...The basic Babylonian unit of length was the kus (about 530 mm, or 20.9 inches), also called the Babylonian cubit. The Babylonian shusi, defined as 130 kus, was equal to 17.5 mm (0.69 inch). The Babylonian foot was......
Shūstar dynasty (Elamite rulers)
...may date to approximately 2700 bc. Already conflict with Mesopotamia, in this case apparently with the city of Ur, was characteristic of Elamite history. These early rulers were succeeded by the Awan (Shūstar) dynasty. The 11th king of this line entered into treaty relations with the great Naram-Sin of Akkad (reigned c. 254–c. 2218 bc). Ye...
Shuster, Frank (Canadian comedian)
Canadian comedian and writer (b. Sept. 5, 1916, Toronto, Ont.—d. Jan. 13, 2002, Toronto), along with his high-school friend Johnny Wayne, formed the Wayne and Shuster comedy team and performed together for some 50 years, first on Canadian Broadcasting Corp. radio and then on television, including 67 appearances on The ...
Shuster, Joe (American artist)
...1937) and Action Comics (begun 1938). Superman, which appeared first in Action Comics, was the creation of Jerry Siegel (scenario or text) and Joe Shuster (art); it was soon syndicated and transposed to other media. The Superman formula of the hero who transcends all physical and social laws to punish the wicked was widely imitated. The......
Shuster, Joseph (American artist)
...1937) and Action Comics (begun 1938). Superman, which appeared first in Action Comics, was the creation of Jerry Siegel (scenario or text) and Joe Shuster (art); it was soon syndicated and transposed to other media. The Superman formula of the hero who transcends all physical and social laws to punish the wicked was widely imitated. The......
Shuster, William Morgan (American lawyer and publisher)
U.S. lawyer, civil servant, financial expert, and publisher, who served as treasurer general to the Iranian government (1911)....
Shuswap (people)
...speak Salishan languages may be conveniently divided into Northern Plateau and Interior Salish; there are also Coast Salish among the Northwest Coast Indians. The Northern Plateau Salish include the Shuswap, Lillooet, and Ntlakapamux (Thompson) tribes. The Interior Salish live mostly in the Upper Columbia area and include the Okanagan, Sinkaietk, Lake, Wenatchee, Sanpoil, Nespelim, Spokan,......
Shute, Nevil (Australian novelist)
English-born Australian novelist who showed a special talent for weaving his technical knowledge of engineering into the texture of his fictional narrative. His most famous work, On the Beach (1957), reflected his pessimism for humanity in the atomic age....
Shuten-dōji (Japanese mythology)
...Japanese warrior heroes and a member of the martial Minamoto clan. In his exploits he is always accompanied by four trusty lieutenants. One adventure concerns his vanquishing the boy-faced giant Shuten-dōji (“Drunkard Boy”), who lived on human blood and who together with his repulsive retainers terrorized the countryside around his stronghold on Ōye-yama. To gain......
Shutruk-Nahhunte (king of Elam)
After a short period of dynastic troubles, the second half of the Middle Elamite period opened with the reign of Shutruk-Nahhunte I (c. 1160 bc). Two equally powerful and two rather less impressive kings followed this founder of a new dynasty, whose home was probably Susa, and in this period Elam became one of the great military powers of the Middle East. Tukulti-Ninurta died ...
Shuttarna II (king of Mitanni)
...as well as Nuzi, Kurrukhanni, and Arrapkha. The northern boundary dividing Mitanni from the Hittites and the other Hurrian states was never fixed, even under Saustatar’s successors Artatama I and Shuttarna II, who married their daughters to the pharaohs Thutmose IV (1400–1390) and Amenhotep III (1390–1353). Tushratta (c. 1365–c. 1330), the son of Shutta...
shutter (photography)
in photography, device through which the lens aperture of a camera is opened to admit light and thus expose the film (or the electronic image sensor of a digital camera). Adjustable shutters control exposure time, or the length of time during which light is admitted. O...
shutter (theatrical scenery)
...by removing the visible wings to reveal the set behind. Grooves were made in the stage floor to support the flats and facilitate their movement. The background was painted on two flats, called shutters, which met at the centre of the stage; and cloths that could be rolled up were occasionally used....