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Saint Phalle, Catherine Marie-Agnès Fal de (French artist)
French-born artist (b. Oct. 29, 1930, Neuilly-sur-Seine, France—d. May 21, 2002, La Jolla, Calif.), first gained public attention with her artworks at which darts were thrown or guns fired. Her best-known works, however, were her “Nanas”—large, colourful papier-mâché sculptures of the female form—and her 22-piece Tarot Garden in Tuscany, Italy....
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Saint Phalle, Niki (French artist)
French-born artist (b. Oct. 29, 1930, Neuilly-sur-Seine, France—d. May 21, 2002, La Jolla, Calif.), first gained public attention with her artworks at which darts were thrown or guns fired. Her best-known works, however, were her “Nanas”—large, colourful papier-mâché sculptures of the female form—and her 22-piece Tarot Garden in Tuscany, Italy....
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Saint Philip Neri (church, Rome, Italy)
...He never divorced himself completely from the anthropometric basis of design, however; he insisted, at least once, that his architecture contained human references. The concave facade of St. Philip Neri represented to him the welcoming gesture of outstretched arms: the central unit stood for the chest, the two-part wings for arm and forearm....
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Saint Polyeuktos, Church of (ancient building, Istanbul, Turkey)
The process of development that began in such examples had greatly advanced by the end of the century, as recently discovered remains of the church of St. Polyeuktos show. The church was founded by the princess Juliana Anicia (granddaughter of Valentinian III), whose name is known from an ......
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Saint Ruprecht’s Church (church, Vienna, Austria)
...Augustinians, the Church of Maria am Gestade, and the Church of the Friars Minor (officially the Snow Madonna Italian National Church), all dating from the 14th century. Vienna’s oldest church is St. Ruprecht’s. Dating from the 13th century with parts from the 11th century, it is believed to have originally been erected in 740....
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Saint Sauveur (French settlement, North America)
...the Powhatan Indian princess Pocahontas, whom he held hostage for the return of seven English prisoners. On venturing farther northward along the coast, Argall discovered a new French settlement at St. Sauveur. He destroyed the settlement and took some French prisoners and goods to Jamestown. The council of the Virginia Company then......
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Saint Saviour, Basilian Order of (religious order)
...into the United States, Canada, and Latin America. The present name dates from 1932. (3) St. Savior in the Melchite Rite was founded by the Archbishop of Tyre and Sidon in 1684 and placed under the rule of Basil in 1743. Members engaged in parochial ministry in Lebanon, Palestine,......
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Saint Sebastian (work by Perugino (1478))
The first certain work by Perugino is a Saint Sebastian, at Cerqueto, near Perugia. This fresco (a mural painted on wet plaster with water-soluble pigments) dates from 1478 and is typical of Perugino’s style. He must have attained a considerable reputation by this time, since he probably worked for Pope Sixtus IV in Rome, 1478–79, on frescoes now lost. Si...
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Saint Servatius, Cathedral of (cathedral, Maastricht, Netherlands)
...St. Servatius Bridge (c. 1280) over the Meuse; the Dinghuis, or former courthouse (c. 1475); and the town hall (1658–64). The cathedral, dedicated to St. Servatius, was founded by Bishop Monulphus in the 6th century; it is the oldest church in The Netherlands, although rebuilt and enlarged from the 11th to the 15th cent...
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Saint Servatius, Church of (church, Quedlinburg, Germany)
...medieval churches survive, contributing to a thriving tourist industry. The city is dominated by the 16th-century castle (now a museum) on the site of the old fortress and by the former abbey church of St. Servatius (1070–1129, incorporating the remains of a 10th-century church). The church, castle, and old town were designated a UNESCO World Heritage site in 1994. The poet......
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Saint Severus, Church of (church, Erfurt, Germany)
Erfurt is dominated by the cathedral and the Church of St. Severus, which stand side-by-side atop a hill called Domberg (“Cathedral Hill”). The cathedral (1154–1476) contains 15th-century glass and numerous notable works of art. Other buildings of note in the city include the Augustinian monastery where Martin Luther was a monk (1505–08), now an orphanage; the......
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Saint Sophia (church, Istanbul, Turkey)
cathedral built at Constantinople (now Istanbul, Turkey) under the direction of the Byzantine emperor Justinian I. It is a unique building and one of the world’s great monuments, despite time’s ravages. The structure, a domed basilica, was built in the amazingly short time of about six years, being completed in...
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Saint Sophia (church, Ohrid, Macedonia)
Wall paintings were important during this period, but only one decoration by trained artists in a larger building is known, namely that in the Church of St. Sophia at Ohrid, Macedonia (Yugoslavia). The majority of the scenes that survive were drawn from the Old Testament. They date from about 1050. More numerous are the paintings that......
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Saint Sophia, Cathedral of (cathedral, Polatsk, Belarus)
One of the oldest surviving monuments of architecture in the country is the Cathedral of St. Sophia in Polatsk, dating from the 11th century and built in the Eastern Orthodox style. The church of Boris and Gleb (Barys and Hlyeb) in Hrodna dates from the 12th century. Most of the other early buildings that remain, mostly as ruins, are the princely stone fortresses of the 12th to 16th century.......
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Saint Sophia, Cathedral of (cathedral, Kiev, Ukraine)
...in the Monastery of the Caves (1073–78). All of these churches were built in the Byzantine tradition, though certain influences from Bulgaria, Georgia, and Armenia can be discerned. The cathedral of St. Sophia is the only structure of this period that still stands and retains, at least in the interior, something of its original form. The central part of the cathedral was in the form......
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Saint Sophia, Cathedral of (cathedral, Novgorod, Russia)
...death of the city in the 16th century; it was there that the fundamental features of later Russian architecture were developed. The ecclesiastical architectural history of Novgorod began with the cathedral of St. Sophia. It was built in 1045–52, replacing a wooden, 13-dome church of the same name. The new cathedral followed its Kievan namesake in plan, but the divergences from the......
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Saint Stephen (New Brunswick, Canada)
...death of the city in the 16th century; it was there that the fundamental features of later Russian architecture were developed. The ecclesiastical architectural history of Novgorod began with the cathedral of St. Sophia. It was built in 1045–52, replacing a wooden, 13-dome church of the same name. The new cathedral followed its Kievan namesake in plan, but the divergences from the.........
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Saint Stephen, Chapel of (chapel, United Kingdom)
In England the decoration of the royal Chapel of St. Stephen’s (c. 1360) was apparently, for the period, outstandingly Italianate. (Surviving fragments are in the British Museum, London.) Subsequently, however, in the Chapter House of Westminster Abbey (probably executed c. 1370) there was strong Germanic influence, which has been tentatively compared with the work of Master.....
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Saint Stephen’s Basilica (church, Budapest, Hungary)
...World War II), the Nákó Palace (1833), the Ullmann Palace, and the Wieser House (1833). It was in accordance with his designs that construction began on St. Stephen’s Basilica in Pest in 1848 (it was completed by Miklós Ybl in 1905), and he also designed the Eger Basilica (1831–36) and Szatmárnémeti (now Satu Mare, Rom.).......
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Saint Stephen’s Cathedral (cathedral, Vienna, Austria)
cathedral in Vienna that was burned out in the course of the Battle of Vienna in April 1945 and was reconstructed by 1952. Saint Stephen’s was established in 1147; only the west facade remains of the late Romanesque edifice that burned in 1258. A Gothic nave was built from 1304 to 1450, with a Gothic tower and spire on the south transept completed in 1433. A distinguishing exterior feature ...
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Saint Stephen’s Crown (Hungarian crown)
greatly venerated crown of Hungary, the symbol of Hungarian nationhood, without which no sovereign was truly accepted by the Hungarian people. It is made from an 11th-century jeweled circlet of Byzantine style, augmented early in the 12th century by the addition of arches and an upper rim composed of alternate pointed and round-topped plaques of enameled gold. Small pendants ha...
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Saint Stephen’s Green (square, Dublin, Ireland)
The oldest and largest of the city’s squares is St. Stephen’s Green, recorded in 1224 as common grazing land but enclosed and bordered with houses in the 1660s. Most of the imposing mansions now surrounding it were built in the 18th century. By 1887 the parkland was run down, and the Guinness family, whose former residence on the south side now houses the Department of ......
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Saint Stephen’s, Walbrook (church, London, United Kingdom)
...the Baroque spirit in his late works by unifying them with a refined compositional vigour. Sir Christopher Wren presented English Baroque in its characteristic restrained but intricate form in St. Stephen’s, Walbrook, London (1672), with its multiple changing views and spatial and structural complexity. Wren’s greatest achievement, St. Paul’s Cathedral, London (1675–...
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Saint Swithin’s Day (weather folklore)
(July 15), one of the several days from which, in folklore, the weather for a subsequent period is dictated. In popular belief, if it rains on St. Swithin’s Day, it will rain for 40 days, but, if it is fair, 40 days of fair weather will follow. St. Swithin (b. c. 800 near Winchester, Hampshire—d. July 2, 862) was bishop of Winchester from 852 to 862. At his request he was bur...
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Saint, the (fictional character)
author of highly popular mystery-adventure novels and creator of Simon Templar, better known as “the Saint” and sometimes called the “Robin Hood of modern crime.” From 1928 some 50 novels and collections of stories about “the Saint” were published; translations existed in at least 15 languages....
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Saint Thomas (Ontario, Canada)
city, seat of Elgin county, southeastern Ontario, Canada, on Kettle Creek, just north of Lake Erie. Founded in 1817 as Sterling, it was renamed after Colonel Thomas Talbot, who made it the capital of the extensive settlement that he founded in 1803. A major railway division point and ter...
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Saint Thomas (United States Virgin Islands)
city, capital of the U.S. Virgin Islands and of St. Thomas Island, situated at the head of St. Thomas Harbour on the island’s southern shore. The largest city in the Virgin Islands, it is built on three low volcanic spurs called Frenchman Hill (Foretop Hill), Berg Hill (Maintop), ...
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Saint Thomas (island, United States Virgin Islands)
chief island of the U.S. Virgin Islands in the eastern Caribbean, situated 40 miles (64 km) east of Puerto Rico. With an area of 32 square miles (83 square km), the island rises to a maximum elevation of 1,550 feet (474 metres). Temperatures vary between 70 and 90 °F (21 and 32 °C) with an av...
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Saint Thomas, Hospital of (hospital, Rome, Italy)
The Hospital of St. John was founded in the Middle Ages as a dependence of the church of San Giovanni in Laterano (St. John Lateran), just off the hill, and maintains its Romanesque gateway. The Hospital of St. Thomas, established at the same period, has disappeared save for its mosaic gateway, signed by Cosmate, of the Cosmati school of carvers and decorators, and by his father, Jacobus.......
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Saint Trinian’s (fictional school)
British graphic satirist, best known for his cartoons of the girls at an imaginary school he called St. Trinian’s....
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Saint Ursula, Order of (religious order)
Roman Catholic religious order of women founded at Brescia, Italy, in 1535, by St. Angela Merici, as the first institute for women dedicated exclusively to the education of girls. Angela and her 28 companions placed themselves under the protection of St. Ursula, a legendary 4th-century martyr whose cult was popular in medieval Europe. The original Ursulines re...
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Saint Valentine’s Day
day (February 14) when lovers express their affection with greetings and gifts. Although there were several Christian martyrs named Valentine, the day probably took its name from a priest who was martyred about ad 270 by the emperor Claudius II Gothicus. According to legend, the priest signed a letter to his ja...
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Saint Valentine’s Day Massacre (United States history)
(Feb. 14, 1929), mass murder of a group of unarmed bootlegging gang members in Chicago. The bloody incident dramatized the intense rivalry for control of the illegal liquor traffic during the Prohibition Era in the United States. Disguising themselves as policemen, members of the ...
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Saint Vincent (island, West Indies)
island of the Windward group in the Lesser Antilles in the eastern Caribbean Sea, about 20 miles (32 km) southwest of Saint Lucia and about 100 miles (160 km) west of Barbados. The island has an area of 133 square miles (344 square km). It is 18 miles (30 km) long and has a maximum width of 11 miles (18 ...
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Saint Vincent and the Grenadines (islands, West Indies)
Island country, Windward Islands, in the eastern Caribbean Sea....
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Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, flag of
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Saint Vincent and the Grenadines: Year In Review 1993
A constitutional monarchy within the Commonwealth, St. Vincent and the Grenadines comprises the islands of St. Vincent and the northern Grenadines in the eastern Caribbean Sea. Area: 389 sq km (150 sq mi). Pop. (1993 est.): 109,000. Cap.: Kingstown. Monetary unit: Eastern Caribbean dollar, with (Oct. 4, 1993) a par value of EC$2.70 to U.S. $1 (free rate of EC$4.10 = £ 1 sterling). Queen, El...
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Saint Vincent and the Grenadines: Year In Review 1994
A constitutional monarchy within the Commonwealth, St. Vincent and the Grenadines comprises the islands of St. Vincent and the northern Grenadines in the eastern Caribbean Sea. Area: 389 sq km (150 sq mi). Pop. (1994 est.): 110,000. Cap.: Kingstown. Monetary unit: Eastern Caribbean dollar, with (Oct. 7, 1994) a par value of EC$2.70 to U.S. $1 (free rate of EC$4.30 = £ 1 sterling). Queen, El...
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Saint Vincent and the Grenadines: Year In Review 1995
A constitutional monarchy within the Commonwealth, St. Vincent and the Grenadines comprises the islands of St. Vincent and the northern Grenadines in the eastern Caribbean Sea. Area: 389 sq km (150 sq mi). Pop. (1995 est.): 112,000. Cap.: Kingstown. Monetary unit: Eastern Caribbean dollar, with (Oct. 6, 1995) a par value of EC$2.70 to U.S. $1 (free rate of EC$4.27 = £ 1 sterling). Queen, El...
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Saint Vincent and the Grenadines: Year In Review 1996
A constitutional monarchy within the Commonwealth, St. Vincent and the Grenadines comprises the islands of St. Vincent and the northern Grenadines in the eastern Caribbean Sea. Area: 389 sq km (150 sq mi). Pop. (1996 est.): 113,000. Cap.: Kingstown. Monetary unit: Eastern Caribbean dollar, with (Oct. 11, 1996) a par value of EC$2.70 to U.S. $1 (free rate of EC$4.25 = £ 1 sterling). Queen, E...
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Saint Vincent and the Grenadines: Year In Review 1997
Area: 389 sq km (150 sq mi)...
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Saint Vincent and the Grenadines: Year In Review 1998
Area: 389 sq km (150 sq mi)...
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Saint Vincent and the Grenadines: Year In Review 1999
Following its close defeat by the New Democratic Party in the June 1998 general election, the opposition Unity Labour Party of St. Vincent and the Grenadines entered 1999 with a new leader. Lawyer Ralph Gonsalves took over from Vincent Beache, who resigned....
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Saint Vincent and the Grenadines: Year In Review 2000
In April 2000 the House of Assembly’s passage of a bill that would increase the pensions and gratuities of parliamentarians proved to be the spark that ignited an already tense political situation in St. Vincent and the Grenadines. The Organisation in Defence of Democracy (ODD)—which brought together the official opposition Unity Labour Party, ...
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Saint Vincent and the Grenadines: Year In Review 2001
The Unity Labour Party, led by left-wing firebrand Ralph Gonsalves, won the general election in St. Vincent and the Grenadines in March 2001, grabbing 12 of the 15 seats in the parliament and decisively ousting the New Democratic Party (NDP) of Prime Minister Arnhim Eustace, who only narrowly held on to his own seat....
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Saint Vincent and the Grenadines: Year In Review 2002
In February 2002 Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, along with some of its fellow offshore centres, was removed from the blacklist of countries considered “uncooperative” in matters of tax investigation after it took steps that satisfied the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. In May the parliament repealed the Confidential Relationships Preservation (International...
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Saint Vincent and the Grenadines: Year In Review 2003
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines was finally removed in June 2003 from the money-laundering blacklist drawn up by the Paris-based Financial Action Task Force. Prime Minister Ralph Gonsalves announced that the FATF was satisfied that the 25 conditions had been met to allow delisting. By midyear the names of all of the Caribbean countries had been removed from the list....
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Saint Vincent and the Grenadines: Year In Review 2004
During 2004 Saint Vincent and the Grenadines continued to be an attractive location for international business companies (IBCs), which operated under generous tax incentives. By the end of April, according to an official count, 357 new IBCs had been registered in the country, compared with 194 in 2003....
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Saint Vincent and the Grenadines: Year In Review 2005
The IMF in April 2005 urged the government of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines to accelerate the country’s economic growth in order to lift income levels and reduce poverty. The IMF recommended such measures as improving investment attractiveness, encouraging remittances from the large overseas community of Vincentians, and providing better preparation ...
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Saint Vincent and the Grenadines: Year In Review 2006
The government of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines Prime Minister Ralph Gonsalves continued throughout 2006 to be one of Taiwan’s strongest Caribbean supporters. This was rewarded in June with a $15 million grant and a $10 million soft loan for the construction of a long-desired international airport in Saint Vincent. Another $10 million was likely to be made available by...
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Saint Vincent and the Grenadines: Year In Review 2007
Prime Minister Ralph Gonsalves in January 2007 launched what he described as a plan to develop a “postcolonial” economy in Saint Vincent and the Grenadines. Calling it Vision 20/20, he said that the plan would be a “road map” for growth, with improvements in education and health given top priority....
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Saint Vincent and the Grenadines: Year In Review 2008
A Saint Vincent and the Grenadines High Court judge in March 2008 upheld the decision of the director of public prosecutions (DPP) not to proceed with rape and indecent assault charges against Prime Minister Ralph Gonsalves. Attorneys representing a 36-year-old policewoman said that they would appeal the ruling. In April another sexual-assault charge against Gonsalves, this one by a Vincentian wom...
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Saint Vincent and the Grenadines: Year In Review 2009
In March 2009 local regulators took control of the Saint Vincent and the Grenadines-based Millennium Bank, which the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) accused of having defrauded more than 375 clients of $68 million by promising high returns on certificates of deposit. The local authorities appointed accounting firm KPMG to assum...
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Saint Vincent, Cape (cape, Portugal)
cape, southwesternmost Portugal, forming with Sagres Point a promontory on the Atlantic Ocean. To the Greeks and Romans it was known, from the presence of a shrine there, as the Sacred Promontory. Tourism, pastoralism, and fishing are the economic mainstays of the region, which is somewhat desolate, and Sag...
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Saint Vincent de Paul, Daughters of Charity of (religious congregation)
a Roman Catholic religious congregation founded at Paris in 1633 by St. Vincent de Paul and St. Louise de Marillac. The congregation was a radical innovation by 17th-century standards; it was the first noncloistered religious institute of women devoted to active charitable works, especially in the service of the poor. Vincent originally established in Paris an...
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Saint Vincent de Paul, Society of (Roman Catholic religious organization)
French historian, lawyer, and scholar who founded the Society of St. Vincent de Paul....
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Saint Vincent, Gulf (gulf, South Australia, Australia)
triangular inlet of the Indian Ocean, on the southeast coast of South Australia, between Yorke Peninsula to the west and the mainland. About 90 mi (145 km) long and 45 miles (73 ...
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Saint Vincent Island (island, Cape Verde)
island of Cape Verde, in the Atlantic Ocean, between the islands of Santo Antão and Santa Luzia, about 400 miles (640 km) off the western African coast. It rises to Monte Verde (2,539 feet [774 metres]). The main economic activities are subsistence agriculture (corn [maize], beans, potatoes) and fish...
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Saint Vincentian (nationality)
island of Cape Verde, in the Atlantic Ocean, between the islands of Santo Antão and Santa Luzia, about 400 miles (640 km) off the western African coast. It rises to Monte Verde (2,539 feet [774 metres]). The main economic activities are subsistence agriculture (corn [maize], beans, potatoes) and fish...
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Saint Vitus’s Cathedral (cathedral, Prague, Czech Republic)
The major architectural monuments of the Bohemian school are Charles’s palace (Karlštejn Castle) and the St. Vitus’ Cathedral, both in Prague. The cathedral and parts of Karlštejn Castle were begun according to routine French design by the Flemish master mason Mathieu d’Arras; when Mathieu died in 1352 the work on both buildings was taken over by the influential ...
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Saint Vladimir (cathedral, Kiev, Ukraine)
...Khreshchatyk at right angles is the wide, poplar-lined Boulevard of Taras Shevchenko, on which stands the university with its eye-catching red-washed walls. There too is the cathedral of St. Volodymyr (still in use as a church), built in 1862–96 in Byzantine style and containing impressive paintings by Viktor Vasnetsov, Mikhail Vrubel, and other artists. Notable among the many......
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Saint Volodymyr (cathedral, Kiev, Ukraine)
...Khreshchatyk at right angles is the wide, poplar-lined Boulevard of Taras Shevchenko, on which stands the university with its eye-catching red-washed walls. There too is the cathedral of St. Volodymyr (still in use as a church), built in 1862–96 in Byzantine style and containing impressive paintings by Viktor Vasnetsov, Mikhail Vrubel, and other artists. Notable among the many......
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Saint-Acheul (France)
locality near Amiens in the Somme River valley, Somme département, Picardy région, northern France. Saint-Acheul is the type locality at which a number of distinctive early Paleolithic ...
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Saint-Affrique (France)
town, Aveyron département, Midi-Pyrénées région, southern France. The town is situated about 60 miles (96 km) northwest of Béziers on the southeastern coast and about 6 miles (10 km) from the town of Roquefort-sur-Soulzon, which is noted for its produ...
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Saint-Amand (France)
town and spa, Nord département, Nord-Pas-de-Calais région, northern France. It lies at the junction of the Elnon River with the canalized Scarpe River. It is situated 22 miles (35 km) southeast of Lille and 8 miles (13 km) northwest of Valenciennes, near the Belgian borde...
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Saint-Amand-les-Eaux (France)
town and spa, Nord département, Nord-Pas-de-Calais région, northern France. It lies at the junction of the Elnon River with the canalized Scarpe River. It is situated 22 miles (35 km) southeast of Lille and 8 miles (13 km) northwest of Valenciennes, near the Belgian borde...
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Saint-Amand-les-Eaux ware (earthenware and porcelain)
tin-glazed earthenware and porcelain made in the French town of that name in the 18th and 19th centuries. The factory was begun in 1718 by Pierre-Joseph Fauquez of nearby Tournai and was continued by P.-F.-J. Fauquez after 1741 and by Jean-Baptiste Fauquez from 1771 to 1778. From 1818 the de Bettignies family (also of Tournai) directed it. The faience ranges in tone from delicate bluish white to ...
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Saint-Amand-Mont-Rond (France)
town, Cher département, Centre région, central France. The town, which is situated some 25 miles (40 km) southeast of Bourges, grew up around a monastery founded by St. Amand, a follower of St. Columban, in the 7th century....
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Saint-Amand-Montrond (France)
town, Cher département, Centre région, central France. The town, which is situated some 25 miles (40 km) southeast of Bourges, grew up around a monastery founded by St. Amand, a follower of St. Columban, in the 7th century....
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Saint-Amant, Marc-Antoine Girard, sieur de (French poet)
one of the most original and interesting of French early 17th-century poets and one of the first members of the French Academy....
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Saint-André, André Jeanbon (French clergyman)
French Protestant clergyman who became a member of the Committee of Public Safety that ruled France during the period of the Jacobin dictatorship (1793–94)....
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Saint-André Cathedral (cathedral, Bordeaux, France)
...de Montaigne (the latter’s tomb is at the university, founded 1441). Bordeaux’s ecclesiastical antiquities include two 15th-century bell towers: that of Pey-Berland, near Saint-André Cathedral, and the Saint-Michel Tower, with a spire of 357 feet (109 metres). A late 20th-century urban development plan called for the renovation of the city centre and ex...
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Saint-André, Jacques d’Albon, seigneur de (French official)
favourite of King Henry II of France, who made him successively member of the royal council, marshal of France, premier gentleman of the chamber, governor of Lyonnais, and ambassador to England....
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Saint-Andrew’s-cross (plant)
(Hypericum hypericoides), plant of the family Hypericaceae, native to southeastern North America and Central America, sometimes cultivated for its four-petaled yellow flowers. It reaches 75 cm (2.5 feet) and has many branches, two-angled stems, ...
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Saint-Apollinaire, Cathedral of (cathedral, Valence, France)
Built on a succession of terraces bordering the Rhône, the town is dominated by the ancient Cathedral of Saint-Apollinaire, which was consecrated by Pope Urban II in 1095 and completed early in the 12th century. Damage done to the cathedral during the Wars of Religion......
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Saint-Arnaud, Armand-Jacques Leroy de (French military officer)
army officer and later marshal of France who was minister of war under Napoleon III and commander in chief of the French forces in the Crimean War....
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Saint-Barthélemy (island, West Indies)
island of the Lesser Antilles in the eastern Caribbean Sea. An overseas collectivity of France since 2007, it was formerly a commune and, together with Saint-Martin, an arrondissement of the French overseas département of Guadeloupe. The island, 11 mi...
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Saint-Bénézet Bridge (bridge, Avignon, France)
Four arches of the famed Saint-Bénézet bridge (of the song “Sur le pont d’Avignon”) still reach out from the town, its Romanesque St. Nicholas Chapel still perched on the second pier. The Rhône currents had defied bridging until St. Bénézet and his disciples built the bridge in the late 12th century. Broken several times, it was abandoned in ...
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Saint-Benoît-sur-Loire (France)
village, Loiret département, Centre région, north-central France. It lies on the right bank of the Loire River, 25 miles (40 km) east of Orléans. The splendid Romanesque basilica is the only ...
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Saint-Brieuc (France)
town, capital of Côtes d’Armor département, Brittany région, northwestern France. It is situated on a promontory between the ravines of the Gouët River and its tributary the Gouëdic, near Saint-Brieuc Bay on the ...
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Saint-Césaire (anthropological and archaeological site, France)
paleoanthropological site in southwestern France where in 1979 the remains of a young adult male Neanderthal were found buried in a small pit. The skeleton was recovered during archaeological salvage excavations at the back of the Roche-à-Pierrot rock shelter, near the village of Saint-Césaire. It is significan...
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Saint-Clair-sur-Epte, Treaty of (France [911])
...a reputation as a great leader of Viking raiders in Scotland and Ireland, soon emerged as the outstanding personality among the new settlers. In 911 the Frankish king Charles III the Simple made the Treaty of St. Clair-sur-Epte with Rollo, ceding him the land around the mouth of the Seine and what is now the city of Rouen. Within a generation the Vikings, or Normans, as they came to be known,.....
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Saint-Cloud (France)
town, Hauts-de-Seine département, Île-de-France région, northern France. It is a western residential suburb of Paris, located on the left bank of the Seine River. The northern part is separated from Paris by Lo...
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Saint-Cloud porcelain
soft-paste porcelain made in the town of Saint-Cloud, Fr., from the last quarter of the 17th century until 1766. Pierre Chicaneau began the manufacture, which passed by marriage to the family of Henri Trou (c. 1722 onward). Much of the porcelain, which was yellowish or creamy off-white in tone, was influenced by blanc de chine, or late Ming Chine...
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Saint-Cyr (military academy, Coëtquidan, France)
French national military academy at Coëtquidan, founded in Fontainebleau in 1803 by Napoleon Bonaparte. In 1808 Napoleon moved it to the town of Saint-Cyr-l’École near Versailles, on the site of a famous school founded in the 17th century by Madame de ...
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Saint-Cyr (convent, Saint-Cyr, France)
...nuns in Paris and then a governess at the court of Louis XIV before she was wedded to the king in 1684. From her royal vantage point, she took upon herself the founding of a school in 1686 at Saint-Cyr near Versailles—a higher school principally for orphan girls descended from noble families. Besides such basic subjects as reading and writing, the girls were prepared for their......
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Saint-Cyran, Abbé de (French abbot)
French abbot of Saint-Cyran and a founder of the Jansenist movement. His opposition to Cardinal de Richelieu’s policies caused his imprisonment....
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Saint-Denis (France)
city, a northern suburb of Paris, Seine-Saint-Denis département, Île-de-France région, north-central France. The city lies on the right bank of the Seine. Until the mid-19th century, when industries developed there, it was only a small township c...
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Saint-Denis (Réunion)
town, capital of the French overseas département of Réunion in the western Indian Ocean. The town lies in a basin at the mouth of the Saint-Denis River on the north coast of the island, wedged between the ocean and a mountain rising abruptly behind it. It was originally the main port o...
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Saint-Denis, abbey church of (church, Saint-Denis, France)
...north-central France. The city lies on the right bank of the Seine. Until the mid-19th century, when industries developed there, it was only a small township centred on its famous abbey church, which had been the burial place of the kings of France. The church is of major importance in the history of architecture, being the......
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Saint-Denis, basilica of (church, Argenteuil, France)
...of the tragic Héloïse-Abelard romance, became prioress of the convent about 1118, but she was expelled in 1129 and the convent was made into a monastery. Enshrined in the monastery’s Church of Saint-Denis is the putative seamless robe of Christ, which was given to the convent by Charlemagne after he had received it from the Byzantine empress Irene. In the 20th century ......
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Saint-Denis, Battle of (French history)
...and Charles IX at Meaux in September 1567 and to seek military aid from the Protestant Palatinate. In the following brief war, the Catholic constable Anne, duc de Montmorency, was killed at the Battle of Saint-Denis (November 1567). The Peace of Longjumeau (March 1568) signaled another effort at compromise. This peace, however, proved little more than a truce; a third war soon broke out in......
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Saint-Denis, Charles de Marguetel de (French author)
French gentleman of letters and amateur moralist who stands as a transitional figure between Michel de Montaigne (d. 1592) and the 18th-century philosophes of the Enlightenment....
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Saint-Denis, Louis Juchereau de (French-Canadian explorer)
French-Canadian explorer and soldier, leader of a 1714 expedition from French-held Natchitoches, in the Louisiana Territory, to the Spanish town of San Juan Bautista (modern Villahermosa) on the Rio Grande....
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Saint-Denis, Michel (French director)
French director, producer, teacher, and theatrical innovator who was influential in the development of the British theatre for 40 years....
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Saint-Denis-du-Sig (Algeria)
town, northwestern Algeria, on the Wadi Sig just below the confluence of the Wadi el-Mebtoûh and the Wadi Matarah. To the north, the Sig plains stretch 20 miles (32 km) to the Gulf of Arzew, and to the southeast Mount Touakas rises to 1,145 feet (349 m). The town has wide streets, tree-filled squares, and a public garden along the river. In the centre of a fertile lowland...
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Saint-Denys, Louis Juchereau de (French-Canadian explorer)
French-Canadian explorer and soldier, leader of a 1714 expedition from French-held Natchitoches, in the Louisiana Territory, to the Spanish town of San Juan Bautista (modern Villahermosa) on the Rio Grande....
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Saint-Dié (France)
town, Vosges département, Lorraine région, northeastern France. It lies on the Meurthe River, southeast of Nancy. A bishop’s see, it grew up around the monastery of Saint-Deodatus, or Dieudonné (7th century), from which its name is derived. It has a printing...
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Saint-Dié-des-Vosges (France)
town, Vosges département, Lorraine région, northeastern France. It lies on the Meurthe River, southeast of Nancy. A bishop’s see, it grew up around the monastery of Saint-Deodatus, or Dieudonné (7th century), from which its name is derived. It has a printing...
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Saint-Dizier (France)
town, Haute-Marne département, Champagne-Ardenne région, northeastern France, on the Marne River and the Canal de la Marne à la Saône, northeast of Troyes. On the site of the Roman Desiderii Fanum, its Gigny and Saint-Martin churches date from the 13th century. The Church of Notre-Dame was reconstruc...
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