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Sunderland (district, England, United Kingdom)
town, port city, and metropolitan borough, metropolitan county of Tyne and Wear, historic county of Durham, England. It lies at the mouth of the River Wear, along the North Sea....
Sunderland (England, United Kingdom)
town, port city, and metropolitan borough, metropolitan county of Tyne and Wear, historic county of Durham, England. It lies at the mouth of the River Wear, along the North Sea....
Sunderland, Charles Spencer, 3rd earl of, Baron Spencer of Wormleighton (British statesman)
British statesman, one of the Whig ministers who directed the government of King George I from 1714 to 1721. His scheme of having the South Sea Company take over the national debt led to a speculation mania known as the South Sea Bubble, which ended in financial disaster (1720)....
Sunderland, Henry Spencer, 1st Earl of, Baron Spencer of Wormleighton (English Cavalier)
English Cavalier during the English Civil Wars....
Sunderland, Robert Spencer, 2nd Earl of, Baron Spencer of Wormleighton (English statesman)
English statesman who was one of the most influential advisers during the reigns of Charles II, James II, and William III. His ability to shift allegiances was both the secret of his success and the cause of his unpopularity....
Sunderman, F. William (American scientist and musician)
American scientist, physician, editor, and musician (b. Oct. 23, 1898, Juniata, Pa.—d. March 9, 2003, Philadelphia, Pa.), was honoured as the nation’s oldest worker in 1999 when he reached 100. Sunderman was one of the first to treat a diabetic coma patient with insulin. He invented a widely used instrument for testing glucose levels in blood and developed quality-control methods for...
Sunderman, Frederick William (American scientist and musician)
American scientist, physician, editor, and musician (b. Oct. 23, 1898, Juniata, Pa.—d. March 9, 2003, Philadelphia, Pa.), was honoured as the nation’s oldest worker in 1999 when he reached 100. Sunderman was one of the first to treat a diabetic coma patient with insulin. He invented a widely used instrument for testing glucose levels in blood and developed quality-control methods for...
sundew (plant)
any plant of the genus Drosera, family Droseraceae, which contains about 100 annual and perennial species of flowering plants notable for their ability to trap insects. They are widely distributed in tropical and temperate regions....
sundial (timekeeping device)
the earliest type of timekeeping device, which indicates the time of day by the position of the shadow of some object exposed to the Sun’s rays. As the day progresses, the Sun moves across the sky, causing the shadow of the object to move and indicating the passage of time....
Sundiata (king of Mali)
West African monarch who founded the western Sudanese empire of Mali. During his reign he established the territorial base of the empire and laid the foundations for its future prosperity and political unity....
Sundiata: An Epic of Old Mali (novel by Niane)
...de l’Afrique occidentale (1961; “History of Western Africa”), coauthored with Jean Suret-Canale. His novel Soundjata ou l’épopée mandingue (1960; Sundiata: An Epic of Old Mali) is a highly successful re-creation of the life and times of the illustrious 13th-century founder of the Mali empire, recounted in the voice of a tribal story...
Sundiata Keita (king of Mali)
West African monarch who founded the western Sudanese empire of Mali. During his reign he established the territorial base of the empire and laid the foundations for its future prosperity and political unity....
Sundjata (king of Mali)
West African monarch who founded the western Sudanese empire of Mali. During his reign he established the territorial base of the empire and laid the foundations for its future prosperity and political unity....
Sundman, Per Olof (Swedish novelist)
Swedish novelist who wrote in the tradition of Social Realism during the 1960s. He also served as a member of the Swedish Parliament (1969–79)....
Sundome Center for the Performing Arts (theatre, Tempe, Arizona, United States)
...laboratory. An important arts centre for Phoenix and its suburbs, Arizona State is home to the Grady Gammage Memorial Auditorium, designed by Frank Lloyd Wright and completed in 1964, and the Sundome Center for the Performing Arts, the largest single-level theatre in the United States. Alumni of the university include the researcher and industrial designer Temple Grandin....
Sundoro, Mount (mountain, Indonesia)
A chain of volcanic mountains runs west to east through the central part of the province and is surmounted by several volcanic peaks that exceed 10,000 feet (3,000 metres), including Mounts Slamat, Sundoro, Sumbing, and Merbabu. A discontinuous series of plateaus flanks the widely spaced volcanic peaks and merges with the foothills and coastal lowlands (the latter as much as 20 miles [30 km]......
Sundowners, The (film by Zinneman)
...of Sister Clodagh in Black Narcissus (1947), for which she won her first New York Film Critics’ Circle Award (her subsequent awards were for Heaven Knows, Mr. Allison [1957] and The Sundowners [1960]). Black Narcissus became an international hit and led to an MGM contract and the opportunity to play opposite Clark Gable in The Hucksters later that year....
Sundsvall (Sweden)
town and seaport in Västernorrland län (county), northern Sweden. It lies at the mouth of the Selånger River on the Gulf of Bothnia. It was chartered in 1624 by Gustavus II Adolphus. In 1721 it was burned by the Russians and in 1803 and 1888 it suffered further disastrous fires. ...
Sundukian, Gabriel (Armenian dramatist)
...poems; and his masterpiece, a short epic, Anush, full of songs that have become traditional, was early adapted as an opera. The most outstanding Armenian dramatist was Gabriel Sundukian, whose comedies (Hullabaloo [also called Khatabala], Pepo, The Broken Hearth) portrayed the......
sunfish (fish)
any of numerous species of North American freshwater fishes placed with the crappies and black basses in the family Centrarchidae (order Perciformes). The family contains about 30 species, all native to North America and all, with the exception of the ...
sunflower (plant)
plant of the genus Helianthus of the family Asteraceae, native primarily to North and South America. The common sunflower is an annual herb with a rough hairy stem 1–4.5 metres (3–15 feet) high, broad, coarsely toothed, rough leaves 7.5–30 cm ...
sunflower oil
...the flowers yield a yellow dye, and the seeds contain oil and are used for food. The yellow, sweet oil obtained by compression of the seeds is considered equal to olive or almond oil for table use. Sunflower oil cake is used for stock and poultry feeding. The oil is also used in soap and paints and as a lubricant. The seeds may be eaten dried or roasted. Argentina, Russia, Ukraine, France, the....
sunflower sea star (echinoderm)
...most common sea star of the American Pacific coast is P. ochraceus, a five-rayed species sometimes 35 cm (14 inches) across; it is usually reddish but has other colour phases. The many-rayed sunflower sea star (Pycnopodia helianthoides) of Alaska to California has 15 to 24 arms and is often 60 cm (24 inches) across. Heliaster, a broad-disked, short-rayed genus of the......
sunflower seed
...leaves are arranged in spirals. The sunflower plant is valuable from an economic as well as from an ornamental point of view. The leaves are used as fodder, the flowers yield a yellow dye, and the seeds contain oil and are used for food. The yellow, sweet oil obtained by compression of the seeds is considered equal to olive or almond oil for table use. Sunflower oil cake is used for stock and.....
Sunflower Seeds (art installation by Ai Weiwei)
...Hall, where Chinese artist Ai Weiwei encouraged visitors to defy conventional museum restrictions and walk on his installation of more than 100 million handmade and painted life-size porcelain Sunflower Seeds. Fearing that inhalation of the resulting ceramic dust would prove harmful, however, the Tate (with the artist’s support) subsequently closed direct access to the gallery and...
sunflower starfish (echinoderm)
...most common sea star of the American Pacific coast is P. ochraceus, a five-rayed species sometimes 35 cm (14 inches) across; it is usually reddish but has other colour phases. The many-rayed sunflower sea star (Pycnopodia helianthoides) of Alaska to California has 15 to 24 arms and is often 60 cm (24 inches) across. Heliaster, a broad-disked, short-rayed genus of the......
Sunflower, The (book by Wiesenthal)
...case be proved in court, and he regarded the trials not only as acts of justice but also as exercises in moral and political education. In 1968 Wiesenthal produced a book called The Sunflower, a comprehensive symposium on guilt and forgiveness based on what Wiesenthal described as a real experience he had had during the war. According to his account, he was taken to a.....
Sunflowers (painting by van Gogh)
...one painting in his own lifetime, became the most sought-after artist in the world. Three of his pieces became, in turn, the most expensive paintings ever sold; the 1987 sale of Sunflowers to the Japanese fire-insurance company Yasuda brought $39.9 million, a price eclipsed later in the same year by the sale of Irises to Australian......
Sung Chiao-jen (Chinese politician)
founder of the Nationalist Party (Kuomintang), whose assassination blighted hopes for democratic government in China in the early 20th century....
Sung Ch’ing-ling (Chinese political leader)
second wife of the Chinese revolutionary leader Sun Yat-sen (Sun Zhongshan). She became an influential political figure in China after her husband’s death....
Sung dynasty (Chinese history)
(960–1279), Chinese dynasty that ruled the country during one of its most brilliant cultural epochs. It is commonly divided into Bei (Northern) and Nan (Southern) Song periods, as the dynasty ruled only in South China after 1127....
Sung family (Chinese family)
influential Chinese family that was heavily involved in the political fortunes of China during the 20th century. Among its best-known members were Charlie, the founder of the family, and his children T.V. Soong, financier and politician; Soong Mei-ling, who became Madame Chiang Kai-shek (J...
Sung Mei-ling (Chinese political figure)
notable Chinese political figure and second wife of the Nationalist Chinese president Chiang Kai-shek. Her family was successful, prosperous, and well-connected: her sister Soong Ch’ing-ling (Song Qingling) was the wife of Sun Yat-sen, and her...
Sung Tzu-wen (Chinese financier and official)
financier and official of the Chinese Nationalist government between 1927 and 1949, once reputed to have been the richest man in the world....
Sung-chiang (former town, Shanghai, China)
former town in Shanghai shi (municipality), eastern China; it is now a southwestern district of Shanghai. Until 1958 it was a part of Jiangsu province. It takes its name from the Song River (Song Jiang; the present-day Wusong River, the upper stream of the Suzhou River), which flows from Lake Tai to th...
Sung-hua Chiang (river, China)
river in Heilongjiang and Jilin provinces, northeastern China. The Sungari is the largest of the tributaries of the Amur River, which it joins below the Chinese town of Tongjiang, some distance above Khabarovsk in far eastern Russia. The total length of the Sungari is 1,195 miles (1,925 km), some 800 mil...
Sung-liao P’ing-yüan (plain, China)
heart of the central lowland of northeastern China (Manchuria). It has a surface area of about 135,000 square miles (350,000 square km), all of which lies below 1,000 feet (300 metres) above sea level. The plain, largely the product of erosion from the surrounding highlands, is mostly un...
Sungai Belait (river, Brunei)
short stream on the island of Borneo, politically in Brunei, near its far southwestern border with the Malaysian state of Sarawak. It flows southeast-northwest through swampy terrain for about 20 miles (32 km) and discharges into the South China Sea. At its mouth is Kuala Belait, one of Brunei’s i...
Sungai Kapuas (river, Indonesia)
chief waterway of western Indonesian Borneo. The river rises in the Kapuas Hulu Mountains in the central part of the island and flows 710 miles (1,143 km) west-southwest, reaching the South China Sea in a great marshy delta west-southwest of Pontianak. It is navigable along most of its length....
Sungai Mahakam (river, Indonesia)
river rising in the mountains of central Indonesian Borneo (Kalimantan) and flowing about 400 miles (650 km) east-southeast to Makassar Strait, in a wide delta. The chief town along its course is Samarinda, capital of Kalimantan Timur (East Borneo) pro...
Sungari Reservoir (lake, China)
...the province, draining an area of more than 30,000 square miles (78,000 square km). Its upper course runs northwest in a series of rapids through heavily forested mountains before it enters the Sungari Reservoir, a man-made lake. Emerging from the reservoir, the Sungari flows past Jilin city, situated at the head of navigation of the Sungari River and at the geographical centre of the......
Sungari River (river, China)
river in Heilongjiang and Jilin provinces, northeastern China. The Sungari is the largest of the tributaries of the Amur River, which it joins below the Chinese town of Tongjiang, some distance above Khabarovsk in far eastern Russia. The total length of the Sungari is 1,195 miles (1,925 km), some 800 mil...
Sungliao Plain (plain, China)
heart of the central lowland of northeastern China (Manchuria). It has a surface area of about 135,000 square miles (350,000 square km), all of which lies below 1,000 feet (300 metres) above sea level. The plain, largely the product of erosion from the surrounding highlands, is mostly un...
sungrebe (bird)
...sticks or reeds among branches of dead trees, laying two to five rounded cream-coloured eggs. The finfoots are shy, scarce, secluded birds. None is more than 60 cm (24 inches) long. The sungrebe, or American finfoot (Heliornis fulica), is only half that size, with a red bill, an olive body, and black-banded yellow toes. The male has skin pouches under the wing in which he carries the......
Sunjata (West African epic)
...tale and myth lend to the epic (and, by inference, to history) a magical, supernatural atmosphere: all of nature is touched in the Malagasy epic Ibonia; in the West African epic Sunjata, magic keeps Sumanguru in charge and enables Sunjata to take over. It is a time of momentous change in the society. In Ibonia there are major alterations in the......
sunken profile (fortification)
While Pisa demonstrated the strength of earthen ramparts, Padua showed the power of a sunken profile supported by flanking fire in the ditch. With these two cities pointing the way, basic changes were undertaken in fortress design. Fortress walls, still essential for protection against escalade, were dropped into the ground behind a ditch and protected from battery by gradually sloping earthen......
sunken relief (sculpture)
in sculpture, engraving or incised figure in stone or other hard material such that all lines appear below the surface; it is thus the opposite of relief sculpture and is sometimes called “hollow relief.” When the technique is used in casting, the design is cut in reverse into a plaster shell, which is then fil...
sunken tube (engineering)
technique of underwater tunneling used principally for underwater crossings. The method was pioneered by the American engineer W.J. Wilgus in the Detroit River in 1903 for the Michigan Central Railroad. Wilgus dredged a trench in the riverbed, floated segments of steel tube into position, and sank them; th...
sunlamp (instrument)
electric discharge lamp that emits radiation of wavelengths present in sunlight, particularly the short wavelengths of the ultraviolet region....
Sunless (work by Mussorgsky)
...found a companion in the person of a distant relative, Arseny Golenishchev-Kutuzov. This impoverished 25-year-old poet inspired Mussorgsky’s two cycles of melancholy melodies, Bez solntsa (Sunless) and Pesni i plyaski smerti (Songs and Dances of Death). At that time Mussorgsky was haunted by the spectre of death—he himself had only seven more years to l...
sunlight (solar radiation)
solar radiation that is visible at the Earth’s surface. The amount of sunlight is dependent on the extent of the daytime cloud cover. Some places on the Earth receive more than 4,000 hours per year of sunlight (more than 90 percent of the maximum possible), as in the Sahara; others receive less than 2,000 hours, as in...
Sunlight Sonata, The (play by Bridie)
Trained at the University of Glasgow’s medical school, Bridie maintained a successful general practice (until 1938) and served as a physician in World War I and World War II. His first play, The Sunlight Sonata (1928), written under the pseudonym of Mary Henderson, was staged by the Scottish National Players. Three years later Bridie achieved success with his London production of ...
Sunlit Hours, The (work by Verhaeren)
...Les Villages illusoires (“The Illusory Villages”) and Les Villes tentaculaires (“The Tentacular Cities”). His more intimate Les Heures claires (1896; The Sunlit Hours) is an avowal of his love for his wife; it led to the series of his major works, among which the most outstanding are Les Visages de la vie (1899; “The Faces of...
sunn (plant)
(Crotalaria juncea), plant of the pea family (Fabaceae, or Leguminosae) or its fibre, one of the bast fibre group. The plant is also cultivated in many tropical countries ...
Sunn Classic Pictures (American company)
...treatment for alcoholism in 1964. In the second half of the 20th century, Frawley became involved in the motion-picture industry, serving as chairman of Technicolor, Inc. (1961–70), and Sunn Classic Pictures (1972–81)....
Sunna (Islam)
the body of traditional social and legal custom and practice of the Islamic community. Along with the Qurʾān (the holy book of Islam) and Hadith (recorded sayings of the Prophet Muhammad), it is a major source of Sharīʿah, or ...
Sunnah (Islam)
the body of traditional social and legal custom and practice of the Islamic community. Along with the Qurʾān (the holy book of Islam) and Hadith (recorded sayings of the Prophet Muhammad), it is a major source of Sharīʿah, or ...
Sunni (Islam)
member of one of the two major branches of Islām, the branch that consists of the majority of that religion’s adherents. Sunnite Muslims regard their sect as the mainstream and traditionalist branch of Islām, as distinguished from the minority sect, the Shīʿites....
Sunni ʿAlī (West African ruler)
West African monarch who initiated the imperial expansion of the Western Sudanese kingdom of Songhai. His conquest of the leading Sudanese trading cities established the basis for Songhai’s future prosperity and expansion....
Sunni Awakening (Iraq War)
...to the surge itself but to a confluence of factors. Among these were a change in tactics that brought U.S. forces already on the ground more in line with classic counterinsurgency strategy; the Sunni Awakening, a movement in which Sunni tribesmen who had formerly fought against U.S. troops eventually realigned themselves to help counter other insurgents, particularly those affiliated with......
Sunni-Shiʿite Division Within Islam, The (Islam)
The division of Islam into two major groups, Sunni and Shiʿite, has its origins in the struggles over the proper line of succession to the Prophet Muhammad, the founder of Islam, who died in 632 ce. Muslims emulate Muhammad’s words and deeds (his “way,” or sunna, which is codified in the Hadith) and consider him...
Sunningdale Agreement (Northern Ireland-United Kingdom [1973])
...composed of Irish nationalists as well as unionists, was set up in Northern Ireland, and Taoiseach Liam Cosgrave participated in talks with British Prime Minister Edward Heath that resulted in the Sunningdale Agreement. That accord recognized that Northern Ireland’s relationship with Britain could not be changed without the agreement of a majority of its population, and it provided for t...
Sunnism (Islam)
member of one of the two major branches of Islām, the branch that consists of the majority of that religion’s adherents. Sunnite Muslims regard their sect as the mainstream and traditionalist branch of Islām, as distinguished from the minority sect, the Shīʿites....
Sunnite (Islam)
member of one of the two major branches of Islām, the branch that consists of the majority of that religion’s adherents. Sunnite Muslims regard their sect as the mainstream and traditionalist branch of Islām, as distinguished from the minority sect, the Shīʿites....
Sunny Afternoon (recording by the Kinks)
...a disastrous tour in 1965, the Kinks became more idiosyncratically English, with social comment songs like “A Well-Respected Man,” “Dedicated Follower of Fashion,” and “Sunny Afternoon,” the last of which reached number one on the U.K. charts in 1966 and on which Ray Davies imitated 1930s British crooner Al Bowlly....
Sunnyland Slim (American musician)
(ALBERT LUANDREW), U.S. blues musician (b. Sept. 5, 1907, Vance, Miss.--d. March 17, 1995, Chicago, Ill.), introduced his own powerful brand of Mississippi Delta-blues piano and helped build post-World War II Chicago into a major centre for the performance and recording of classic and electrified blues music. The son of a preacher and the grandson of a slave, he learned to play organ and piano in ...
Sunnyvale (California, United States)
city, Santa Clara county, western California, U.S. Adjacent to the cities of Santa Clara and Mountain View, Sunnyvale lies at the southern end of San Francisco Bay, near San Jose. Settled in 1850, it was known as Murphy’s Station (later as Encinal), but it was renamed Sunnyvale in 1912 and develop...
Sunoco, Inc. (American company)
American petroleum company primarily focused on refining and distributing oil in the United States. Headquarters are in Philadelphia....
Sunraycer (automobile)
MacCready’s later inventions include Sunraycer, a solar-powered car that in 1987 won a 1,867-mile (3,006-km) race in Australia. He was president of the International Human Powered Vehicle Association, which is dedicated to maximizing the speed of the bicycle. In 1991 MacCready was inducted into the National Aviation Hall of Fame....
Sunrise (island chain, Marshall Islands)
...central Pacific Ocean. It consists of some of the easternmost islands of Micronesia. The Marshalls are composed of more than 1,200 islands and islets in two parallel chains of coral atolls—the Ratak, or Sunrise, to the east, and the Ralik, or Sunset, to the west. The chains lie about 125 miles (200 kilometres) apart and extend some 800 miles northwest to southeast. Dalap-Uliga-Darrit, on...
Sunrise (film by Murnau [1927])
...central Pacific Ocean. It consists of some of the easternmost islands of Micronesia. The Marshalls are composed of more than 1,200 islands and islets in two parallel chains of coral atolls—the Ratak, or Sunrise, to the east, and the Ralik, or Sunset, to the west. The chains lie about 125 miles (200 kilometres) apart and extend some 800 miles northwest to southeast. Dalap-Uliga-Darrit, on...
sunrise
...During this long passage the dominant blue wavelengths of light are scattered and blocked, leaving the longer, unobstructed red wavelengths to reach the Earth and lend their tints to the sky at dawn and dusk....
Sunrise at Campobello (film by Donehue [1960])
...antifascist professor in Tomorrow the World. He achieved his greatest acclaim on Broadway with his dramatic, emotionally charged portrayal of Franklin D. Roosevelt as he battled polio in Sunrise at Campobello (1958), for which he won a Tony award; he reprised his brilliant portrayal of Roosevelt in the 1960 film version of the play and again in 1983 for the television miniseries.....
sunroom (architecture)
in architecture, any room that is exposed to the sun. While the term may also be applied to the open sunporches or apartments on the roofs of ancient Greek or Roman houses, it is now used especially to designate a room that is enclosed in glass. In such a solarium, three or possibly four walls and sometimes even the ceiling may all be of glass. Often the solarium is a feature of a hospital or san...
Suns of Independence, The (work by Kourouma)
His first novel, Les Soleils des indépendances (1968; The Suns of Independence), satirized contemporary African politics. Narrated in a French flavoured with pungent Malinke folk aphorisms, the story follows the last of a line of tribal princes as he is mistreated by French colonial as well as postindependence African authorities. The......
sunscald (plant pathology)
common disorder of exposed, thin-barked trees, shrubs, and other plants. Dead patches form on the sun-exposed trunk and limbs of young trees, often those recently transplanted to open areas from nurseries where they were shaded by nearby trees. Evergreens and shrubs show scorched foliage and shoot dieback in dry, sunny, and windy spots, especially in very early spring. Control ...
sunscreen (cosmetic)
...are also under investigation for their potential use in health and medical products. For example, they are being developed to serve as molecules for drug delivery to targeted tissues. In addition, a sunscreen known as Optisol, invented at the University of Oxford in the 1990s, was designed with the objective of developing a safe sunscreen that was transparent in visible light but that retained....
Sunset (island chain, Marshall Islands)
...of the easternmost islands of Micronesia. The Marshalls are composed of more than 1,200 islands and islets in two parallel chains of coral atolls—the Ratak, or Sunrise, to the east, and the Ralik, or Sunset, to the west. The chains lie about 125 miles (200 kilometres) apart and extend some 800 miles northwest to southeast. Dalap-Uliga-Darrit, on Majuro Atoll, is the capital of the......
sunset (atmospheric science)
...this long passage the dominant blue wavelengths of light are scattered and blocked, leaving the longer, unobstructed red wavelengths to reach the Earth and lend their tints to the sky at dawn and dusk....
Sunset Boulevard (film by Wilder [1950])
American film noir, released in 1950, that is often cited as one of Hollywood’s greatest films, especially noted for Gloria Swanson’s portrayal of a fading movie star. The movie is named after the iconic street that runs through Los Angeles and Beverly Hills, Calif....
Sunset Boulevard (musical by Lloyd Weber, Black, and Hampton)
...musical adaptation of the classic Hollywood film. Commercially, both shows fared better in London than on Broadway, where they were plagued with financial difficulties. However, Sunset Boulevard became the third Lloyd Webber musical to win Tony Awards for both best musical and best score. His other musicals include Jeeves (1975; reworked i...
Sunset Boulevard (boulevard, Los Angeles, California, United States)
Los Angeles in the 1960s also was the site of a vibrant live music scene centred on the Sunset Strip (a mile-long portion of Sunset Boulevard). Bands such as Buffalo Springfield, the Byrds, and the Doors honed their chops at clubs like Ciro’s, the Troubadour, the Whisky-a-Go-Go, and Gazzarri’s. The Strip became a magnet for Los Angeles teenagers, and some merchants and civic leaders ...
Sunset Crater Volcano National Monument (park, Arizona, United States)
geologic formation in north-central Arizona, U.S. The monument lies 15 miles (24 km) northeast of Flagstaff and about 10 miles (16 km) southwest of Wupatki National Monument. Established in 1930, it occupies an area of 5 square miles (13 square km) within Coconino National Forest....
Sunset in Biafra (work by Amadi)
...was educated at Government College, Umuahia, and University College, Ibadan, in physics and mathematics. He served in the Nigerian army, taught, and worked for the Ministry of Information. Sunset in Biafra (1973), his only work of nonfiction, recounts his experiences as a soldier and civilian during the Biafran conflict....
Sunset Peak (mountain, Hong Kong, China)
...the highest peak in the territory—the series of ridges extends southwestward to Lantau Island, where the terrain rises to 3,064 feet (934 metres) on Lantau Peak and 2,851 feet (869 metres) on Sunset Peak. Extending southeastward from Mount Tai Mo, the Kowloon Peak attains an elevation of 1,975 feet (602 metres), but there is an abrupt drop to about 650 feet (198 metres) at Devil’s...
sunset shell (mollusk)
...degree of protection against predators. Such bivalves are slow burrowers. In contrast, the shells of deep-burrowing species are thin and nonornamented. They are often brightly coloured, as in the Tellinidae. The shell is laterally compressed and thus more bladelike, but the adductor muscles are still of similar size (the isomyarian form). Such structural features adapt the animal for rapid......
“Sunset Song” (work by Gibbon)
Scottish novelist whose inventive trilogy published under the collective title A Scots Quair (1946) made him a significant figure in the 20th-century Scottish Renaissance....
sunshine (solar radiation)
solar radiation that is visible at the Earth’s surface. The amount of sunlight is dependent on the extent of the daytime cloud cover. Some places on the Earth receive more than 4,000 hours per year of sunlight (more than 90 percent of the maximum possible), as in the Sahara; others receive less than 2,000 hours, as in...
Sunshine Boys, The (film by Ross [1975])
...
Sunshine, Lollipops, and Rainbows (song by Hamlisch and Liebling)
...opened in 1964 with singer Barbra Streisand in the leading role. Hamlisch’s breakthrough as a songwriter came the following year when pop singer Lesley Gore made a hit recording of Sunshine, Lollipops, and Rainbows, for which—several years earlier—Hamlisch had written the music and his friend Howard Liebling had written the lyrics....
Sunshine Mine (mine, Idaho, United States)
...of the Bunker Hill Mine. The community developed as a mining and smelting centre for lead, zinc, and silver. Bunker Hill (combined with the Sullivan) is one of the world’s largest lead mines. The Sunshine Mine, a few miles east of Kellogg, is one of the largest single-lode producers of silver in the United States; in 1972 it was the scene of a disastrous fire that killed 91 miners. A dow...
sunshine policy (Korean history)
...the renamed DLP) nominee. Shortly after the election, Chun and Roh were pardoned in a gesture of goodwill, and on Feb. 25, 1998, Kim was sworn in as president. Kim implemented a so-called “sunshine” policy toward the North, which led in 2000 to a historic summit between Kim and North Korean leader Kim Jong Il and to Kim Dae Jung’s selection as the recipient of that year...
Sunshine Skyway Bridge (bridge, Tampa Bay, Florida, United States)
The Sunshine Skyway Bridge (1987), designed by Eugene Figg and Jean Mueller over Tampa Bay in Florida, has a main prestressed-concrete span of 360 metres (1,200 feet). It, too, employs a single plane of cables, but these remain in one plane that fans out down the centre of the deck. The longest cable-stayed bridge in the United States is Dames Point Bridge (1987), designed by Howard Needles in......
Sunshine State (film by Sayles)
...murder mystery Lone Star (1996); The Secret of Roan Inish (1994); Men with Guns (1997); Limbo (1999); Sunshine State (2002); Casa de Los Babys (2003); Silver City (2004); and Honeydripper (2007)....
sunspider (arachnid)
any of 900 species of the arthropod class Arachnida whose common name refers to their habitation of hot, dry regions as well as to the golden colour and daytime activity of most species. They are also called wind scorpions because of their swiftness, camel spiders because of their humped heads, and solpugids because of the f...
sunspot (astronomy)
vortex of gas on the surface of the Sun associated with strong local magnetic activity. Spots look dark only by contrast with the surrounding photosphere, which is several thousand degrees hotter. The dark centre of a spot is called the umbra; the outer, lighter ring is the penumbra. Spots may be several times larger than Earth or so small t...
sunspot cycle (astronomy)
...of the incident ray and by the ionization density of the reflecting layer. In general, the MUF is higher at larger zenith angles and higher ionization densities. During the peaks of the 11-year sunspot cycle, solar ultraviolet radiation produces the highest ionization densities. These sunspot peaks can last several days or months, depending on the persistence of sunspot visibility,......
sunspot maximum (astronomy)
...encounters the interstellar medium. The corona can be seen in spectacular fashion when the Moon eclipses the bright photosphere. During the times in which sunspots are greatest in number (called the sunspot maximum), the corona is very extended and the solar wind is fierce. Sunspot activity waxes and wanes with roughly an 11-year cycle. During the mid-1600s and early 1700s, sunspots virtually.....
sunstone (mineral)
a gemstone variety of feldspar that has minute platelike inclusions of iron oxide (hematite or goethite) oriented parallel to one another throughout. The reflections from these inclusions give the mineral (usually the plagioclase feldspars albite, oligoclase, or labradorite, but sometimes the ...
sunstroke (medical disorder)
condition caused by continuous exposure to high temperature and humidity for several hours. The term sunstroke refers to the same disorder when exposure to direct sunlight is the main cause of the condition. The primary feature of heatstroke is an extreme and uncontrolled elevation of body temperature (106 to 110 °F [41 to 43 °C], or even higher), which can harm the central......