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Sauer Fluss (river, Europe)
river rising in the Belgian province of Luxembourg and flowing 107 miles (172 km) east and southeast into the Mosel (Moselle) River, 7 miles (11 km) southwest of Trier in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. The Sûre, which is navigable past Dekirche for about 40 miles (64 km), forms the Luxembourg–Germany border below the confluence of the Our River. It was the scene of severe fighting i...
sauerbraten (food)
in German cuisine, dish of spiced braised beef. A solid cut from the round or rump is marinated for three or four days in red wine and vinegar flavoured with onions, bay leaves, juniper berries, cloves, and peppercorns. After being dr...
Sauerbruch, Ernst Ferdinand (surgeon)
...the pleural cavity was opened. Since the end of the 19th century, many and ingenious methods had been devised to prevent this from happening. The best known was the negative pressure cabinet of Ernst Ferdinand Sauerbruch, then at Mikulicz’ clinic at Breslau; the cabinet was first demonstrated in 1904 but was destined soon to become obsolete....
sauerkraut
fermented white cabbage, a vegetable preparation important in the cooking of central Europe. Sauerkraut is prepared by finely shredding white cabbage and layering the vegetable with salt in a large crock or wooden tub. The cabbage is covered with a weighted lid and allowed to ferment, preferably at below 60° F (15.5° C) for at least a month. Commercially made sauerkraut is canned or...
Sauerland (region, Germany)
region, North Rhine-Westphalia Land (state), northwestern Germany. It is bounded on the north by the Ruhr River and its tributary, the Möhne, and on the south by the Sieg River and the Wester Forest, a mountainous area east of the Rhine. It lies to the east of the ...
Sauerstoff-Bedürfniss des Organismus, Das (work by Ehrlich)
...and made valuable suggestions for the treatment of eye diseases. Of the 37 scientific contributions that he published between 1879 and 1885, Ehrlich considered the last as the most important: Das Sauerstoff-Bedürfniss des Organismus (1885; “The Requirement of the Organism for Oxygen”). In it he established that oxygen consumption varies with different types of tissue...
Sauganash (American Indian leader)
Potawatomi Indian chief whose friendship with the white settlers in Chicago was important in the development of that city....
Saugeen Peninsula (peninsula, Ontario, Canada)
extension of the Niagara Escarpment, southeastern Ontario, Canada. The peninsula juts northwestward for 60 miles (100 km) into Lake Huron, separating that lake from Georgian Bay. After rising abruptly from its rugged east coast to he...
sauger (fish)
North American game and food fish related to the pikeperch....
Saugor (India)
city, central Madhya Pradesh state, central India, situated around a lake. Sagar was founded by Udan Singh in 1660 and was constituted a municipality in 1867. A major road and agricultural-trade centre, it has industries such as oil and flour milling, sawmilling, ghee (clarified butter) processing, hand-loom cotton weaving, bidi (cigarette) manufacture, and ra...
Sauguet, Henri (French composer)
French composer of orchestral, choral, and chamber music notable for its simple charm and melodic grace....
Saugus (Massachusetts, United States)
town (township), Essex county, northeastern Massachusetts, U.S. It lies on the Saugus and Pines rivers, just north of Boston. It was settled in 1629, and its name is derived from an Algonquian Indian word meaning either “extended” or “small outlet.” It was set off from Lynn in 1815. The Saugus Iron Works (1646; no...
Saugus–Castaic Tunnel (tunnel, California, United States)
...digger arm excavating ahead of a shield, whose protection can be extended forward by hydraulically operated poling plates, acting as retractable spiles. In 1967–70 in the 26-foot-diameter Saugus-Castaic Tunnel near Los Angeles, a mole of this type produced daily progress in clayey sandstone averaging 113 feet per day and 202 feet maximum, completing five miles of tunnel one-half year......
Sāūjbūlāgh (Iran)
city, northwestern Iran. The city lies south of Lake Urmia in a fertile, narrow valley at an elevation of 4,272 feet (1,302 metres). There are a number of unexcavated tells, or mounds, on the plain of Mahābād in this part of the Azerbaijan region. The region was the centre of the Mannaeans, w...
Sauk (people)
an Algonquian-speaking North American Indian tribe closely related to the Fox and the Kickapoo. They lived in the region of what is now Green Bay, Wis., when first encountered by the French in 1667....
Sauk and Fox tribe (Native American peoples)
an Algonquian-speaking North American Indian tribe closely related to the Fox and the Kickapoo. They lived in the region of what is now Green Bay, Wis., when first encountered by the French in 1667.......
Sauk Centre (Minnesota, United States)
city, Stearns county, central Minnesota, U.S. It lies on the Sauk River at the southern tip of Sauk Lake, about 45 miles (70 km) northwest of St. Cloud. Settled in 1856 and laid out in 1863, the city was named for its location on the central part of the Sauk River, which itself was named for the Sauk Indians. The community developed as a tra...
Sauk Sequence (geology)
...can be recognized. Strata deposited in the intervals between such cycles in North America have been called sequences and have been given formal names. The most widely recognized of these are the Sauk Sequence (Late Precambrian to mid-Ordovician; about 650 to 460 million years ago), the Tippecanoe Sequence (mid-Ordovician to Early Devonian; about 460 to 400 million years ago), the Kaskaskia......
Sauk Trail (historical trail, United States)
...east-southeast of Gary. Laid out in 1836 as the county seat, it was first called Portersville but was renamed the following year for Valparaíso, Chile. It was originally a point on the old Sauk Trail, which was a thoroughfare for Sauk Indians traveling to Detroit to engage in the fur trade and later to collect annuities from the British for services in the War of 1812. Valparaiso is......
Saúl (work by Gómez de Avellaneda)
...their poetic diction and lyrical passages, are based chiefly on historic models; her play Alfonso Munio (1844; rev. ed., Munio Alfonso, 1869), based on the life of Alfonso X, and Saúl (1849), a biblical drama, achieved popular success. Her novels, such as Sab (1841), an anti-slavery work, are now almost completely forgotten. Twice widowed and with many......
Saul (king of Israel)
first king of Israel (c. 1021–1000 bc). According to the biblical account found mainly in I Samuel, Saul was chosen king both by the judge Samuel and by public acclamation. Saul was similar to the charismatic judges who preceded him in the role of governing; his chief contribution, however, was to defend Israel against its many enemies, especially the...
Saul (work by Heavysege)
In 1853 he emigrated to Canada, where he worked as a cabinetmaker in a Montreal factory. He was subsequently employed as a reporter on the Montreal Transcript and Daily Witness. Saul, his major work, is a drama of 135 scenes containing the remarkable character of the fallen angel Malzah, who has been compared by critics to Shakespeare’s Caliban. Other works include C...
Saul (work by Alfieri)
...themes, and through his hatred of tyranny and love of liberty he aspired to move his audience with magnanimous sentiments and patriotic fervour. He is at his most profound in Saul (1782) and Mirra (1786). Alfieri’s influence in the Romantic period and the Risorgimento was immense, and, like Carlo Goldoni, he wrote an important......
Saul (work by Malherbe)
...for such works as Vergeet nil (1913; “Don’t Forget”), an extremely popular novel about the South African (Boer) War; Die Meulenaar (1936; “The Miller”); Saul (1933–37), a biblical trilogy; and En die wawiele rol (1945; “And the Wagon Wheels Roll On”), which describes the Great Trek. He served as professor of lit...
Saül le Furieux (work by La Taille)
A collection of his works appeared in 1572, including his tragedy Saül le Furieux (1562) and De l’art de la tragédie, the most important piece of French dramatic criticism of its time. La Taille wrote for the limited audience of a lettered aristocracy, depreciated the native drama, and insisted on the Senecan model. In his preface to the collection of works he......
Saul of Tarsus (Christian Apostle)
one of the leaders of the first generation of Christians, often considered to be the second most important person in the history of Christianity. In his own day, although he was a major figure within the very small Christian movement, he also had many enemies and detractors, and his contemporaries probably did not accord him as much respect as they gave Peter ...
Saul-Paul model (biographical model)
...As art historian Jan Emmens argued in his book Rembrandt and the Rules of Art, the formation of this myth owes much to a standard biographical model that might be called the “Saul-Paul model”—according to which the subject’s life suddenly undergoes a radical change in direction as the result of a crisis or conversion....
Saulces de Freycinet, Louis-Claude de (French cartographer)
French naval officer and cartographer who explored portions of Australia and islands in the Pacific Ocean....
Saule (Baltic deity)
in Baltic religion and mythology, the sun goddess, who determines the well-being and regeneration of all life on earth....
Saules meitas (Baltic religion)
...Heavenly Twins and the morning and evening stars. Like their Greek (Dioscuri) and Vedic (Aśvins, or Nāsatyas) counterparts, Dieva dēli are skilled horsemen. They associate with Saules meita, the daughter of the sun, and when she is sinking into the sea with only her crown still visible, Dieva dēli come to her rescue....
Saulnier, Raymond (French inventor)
The solution to the problem emerged in the spring of 1915 in the form of an interrupter gear, or gun-synchronizing device, designed by the French engineer Raymond Saulnier. This regulated a machine gun’s fire so as to enable the bullets to pass between the blades of the spinning propeller. The interrupter itself was not new: a German patent had been taken out on such a device by the Swiss.....
Sault Sainte Marie (Ontario, Canada)
city, seat of Algoma district, south-central Ontario, Canada, on the north bank of St. Marys River, between Lakes Superior and Huron, opposite Sault Ste. Marie, Mich., U.S. The site was known to French explorers after the explorations of Étienne Brûlé (1622); it was named Sault Ste. Marie (“Rapids of ...
Sault Sainte Marie (Michigan, United States)
city, seat (1826) of Chippewa county, at the northeastern end of the Upper Peninsula, northern Michigan, U.S. It is situated at the rapids of the St. Marys River. The rapids, harnessed for hydroelectric power generation, connect Lake Superior with Lake Huron...
Sault Sainte Marie Canals (canals, North America)
...At Sault Ste. Marie, Ont., the river drops more than 20 feet (6 m) in 1 mile (1.6 km) through the Sault Ste. Marie Rapids. Since navigation there is impossible, the Sault Ste. Marie Canals (or Soo Canals), containing five locks, provide a bypass for the heavy shipping. Four of the five locks are on the U.S. side and are operated by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. Large islands divide the......
Saulteaux (people)
...and North Dakota, U.S., from Lake Huron westward onto the Plains. Their name for themselves means “original people.” In Canada those Ojibwa who lived west of Lake Winnipeg are called the Saulteaux. When first reported in the Relations of 1640, an annual report by the Jesuit missionaries in New France, the Ojibwa occupied a comparatively restricted region n...
Saumaise, Claude de (French scholar)
French classical scholar who, by his scholarship and judgment, acquired great contemporary influence....
Saumarez, James Saumarez, 1st Baron of (British admiral)
British admiral who fought with consistent success in the French Revolutionary and Napoleonic wars and scored perhaps his greatest victory on July 12, 1801, when he routed a superior Franco-Spanish fleet off Algeciras, Spain....
Saumur (France)
town, Maine-et-Loire département, Pays de la Loire région, western France, on the Loire River. It is known for its cavalry school and for its wines....
Saumur Cavalry School (school, Saumur, France)
...fortress with four round towers, was strengthened with ramparts in the 16th century. It now houses a museum devoted to horses and riding. Saumur also has a museum of decorative arts. The Saumur Cavalry School, which occupies vast 19th-century quarters in the west of the town, now provides training in the use of mechanized armour but has nevertheless retained the Cadre Noir (Black......
Saumur, Treaty of (France [1425])
...France by Charles VII in March 1425, he attempted to assume control of France’s battered and unreliable military forces. He now totally supported the French cause, persuading his brother to sign the Treaty of Saumur with France in October 1425....
sauna (bath)
bath in steam from water thrown on heated stones, popular in gymnasiums and health clubs, with some units available for home use. The sauna may derive from baths described by Herodotus, who tells that the inhabitants of Scythia in central Eurasia threw water and hempseed on heated stones to create an intoxicating steam....
Saundarānanda-kāvya (poem by Aśvaghoṣa)
...accepted Sanskrit of the Mahāyāna branch. Two works are extant, both in the style of mahākāvya: the Buddhacarita (“Life of the Buddha”) and the Saundarānanda (“Of Sundarī and Nanda”). Compared with later examples, they are fairly simple in style but reveal typical propensities of writers in this genre: a ...
Saunders, Cicely (British social reformer)
British physician and humanitarian (b. June 22, 1918, Barnet, Hertfordshire, Eng.—d. July 14, 2005, London, Eng.), founded St. Christopher’s Hospice in London in 1967 and was responsible for establishing the modern hospice movement worldwide. Saunders became a Red Cross war nurse in 1944 and served as a medical social worker before graduating from medical school in 1957. Research wor...
Saunders, Edith Rebecca (British botanist and geneticist)
British botanist and plant geneticist known for her contributions to the understanding of trait inheritance in plants and for her insights on flower anatomy. Noted British geneticist J.B.S. Haldane described her as the mother of British plant genetics....
Saunders, Jennifer (British actress)
English actress who was perhaps best known for creating and starring in the television sitcom Absolutely Fabulous (1992–2005)....
Saunders, Justine Florence (Australian Aboriginal actress)
Feb. 20, 1953 near Rockhampton, Queen., AustraliaApril 15, 2007 Windsor, near Sydney, AustraliaAustralian Aboriginal actress who rejected being typecast in stereotypical Aboriginal roles and instead played a wide range of strong women over a 30-year career (1974–2004). Her best-know...
Saunders, Richard (American author, scientist, and statesman)
American printer and publisher, author, inventor and scientist, and diplomat. One of the foremost of the Founding Fathers, Franklin helped draft the Declaration of Independence and was one of its signers, represented the United States in France during the ...
Saunders, Sir Charles (Canadian botanist)
The development of the world-famous Marquis wheat in Canada, released to farmers in 1900, came about through sustained scientific effort. Sir Charles Saunders, its discoverer, followed five principles of plant breeding: (1) the use of plant introductions; (2) a planned crossbreeding program; (3) the rigid selection of material; (4) evaluation of all characteristics in replicated trials; and (5)......
Saunderstown (Rhode Island, United States)
...it was called Rochester. In 1722–23 it was divided into North Kingstown and South Kingstown. North Kingstown includes the villages of Allenton, Davisville, Hamilton, Lafayette, Quonset Point, Saunderstown, Slocum, and Wickford (the administrative centre)....
saung gauk (harp)
...it is still played (e.g., the ennanga of Uganda; see photograph), and eastward across India to Southeast Asia, where it survives as the Burmese harp, saung gauk. Modern African harps often have cloth rings on the neck that produce a buzzing tone colour as the strings vibrate against them....
Sauppe, Hermann (German philologist)
...(1903) and Juvenal (1905) and in many reviews and articles. It flourished chiefly between 1875 and 1900, but the dangers of excessive methodological rigidity had already been foreseen. In 1841 H. Sauppe in his Epistola Critica ad G. Hermannum had emphasized the diversity of transmissional situations and the difficulty or actual impossibility of classifying the manuscripts in all......
Saur, Christopher (American printer)
German-born American printer and Pietist leader of the Pennsylvania Germans....
Saura (people)
tribe of eastern India. They are distributed mainly in the states of Orissa, Madhya Pradesh, Andhra Pradesh, and Bihār, with total numbers of about 310,000, most of whom are in Orissa....
Saura, Carlos (Spanish director)
film director who analyzed the spirit of Spain in tragedies and flamenco-dance dramas....
Saura sect (Hinduism)
Hindu sect widely dispersed throughout India in the Gupta and medieval periods; its members worshiped Sūrya, the sun, as the supreme deity. Sūrya as the sun was worshiped by Indians from the Vedic period onward for his help in destroying sins and bestowing blessings. The existence of a sect of sun worshipers is noted in the Indian epic the Mahābhā...
Saurashtra Peninsula (peninsula, India)
peninsula in southwestern Gujarat state, west-central India. It is bounded by the Little Rann (marsh) of Kachchh (Kutch) to the north, the Gulf of Khambhat to the east, the Arabian Sea to the southwest, and the Gulf of Kachchh to the northwest. From the northeast an ancient sandstone f...
Sauria (reptile)
any of nearly 4,450 species of reptiles belonging in the order Squamata (which also includes snakes, suborder Serpentes). Lizards are scaly-skinned reptiles that are usually distinguished from snakes by the possession of legs, movable eyelids, and external ear openings. However, some tra...
Sauria, Charles (French inventor)
In 1831 Charles Sauria of France incorporated white, or yellow, phosphorus in his formula, an innovation quickly and widely copied. In 1835 Jànos Irinyi of Hungary replaced potassium chlorate with lead oxide and obtained matches that ignited quietly and smoothly....
Saurimo (Angola)
city, northeastern Angola. Located at an elevation of 3,557 feet (1,084 metres) above sea level, it is a garrison town and local market centre. Saurimo was formerly named after Henrique de Carvalho, a Portuguese explorer who visited the region in 1884 and contacted the Lunda peoples there (...
Saurischia (dinosaur order)
any member of one of the two major lineages of dinosaurs, including birds and all dinosaurs more closely related to birds than to Triceratops. In 1888 paleontologist Harry G. Seeley, a former student of Richard Owen, separated dinosaurs into two groups based primarily on the form of the pelvis ...
saurischian (dinosaur order)
any member of one of the two major lineages of dinosaurs, including birds and all dinosaurs more closely related to birds than to Triceratops. In 1888 paleontologist Harry G. Seeley, a former student of Richard Owen, separated dinosaurs into two groups based primarily on the form of the pelvis ...
saurochory (seed dispersal)
...catfish Arius maculatus. Certain Amazon River fishes react positively to the audible “explosions” of the ripe fruits of Eperua rubiginosa. Fossil evidence indicates that saurochory is very ancient. The giant Galapagos tortoise is important for the dispersal of local cacti and tomatoes. The name alligator apple for Annona palustris refers to its method of......
Sauromalus obesus (lizard)
any of five species of stocky, slightly flattened lizards belonging to the subfamily Iguaninae (family Iguanidae), found on arid, rocky hills of southwestern North America. The common chuckwalla (S. ater), which occurs in the southwestern ...
Sauropelta (dinosaur genus)
any of five species of stocky, slightly flattened lizards belonging to the subfamily Iguaninae (family Iguanidae), found on arid, rocky hills of southwestern North America. The common chuckwalla (S. ater), which occurs in the southwestern ......
sauropod (dinosaur infraorder)
any member of the dinosaur subgroup Sauropoda, marked by large size, a long neck and tail, a four-legged stance, and a herbivorous diet. These reptiles were the largest of all dinosaurs and the largest land animals that ever lived....
Sauropoda (dinosaur infraorder)
any member of the dinosaur subgroup Sauropoda, marked by large size, a long neck and tail, a four-legged stance, and a herbivorous diet. These reptiles were the largest of all dinosaurs and the largest land animals that ever lived....
Sauropodomorpha (dinosaur suborder)
Included in this group are the well-known sauropods, or “brontosaur” types, and their probable ancestral group, the prosauropods. All were plant eaters, though their relationship to theropods, along with the fact that the closest relatives of dinosaurs were evidently carnivorous, suggests that they evolved from meat eaters. Sauropodomorpha are distinguished by leaf-shaped tooth......
Sauropterygia (fossil reptile group)
any of the aquatic reptiles found as fossils from the Mesozoic Era (251 million to 66 million years ago). Sauropterygians include the nothosaurs, the pistosaurs, and the plesiosaurs, all of which were remarkably well adapted to life in the water....
sauropterygian (fossil reptile group)
any of the aquatic reptiles found as fossils from the Mesozoic Era (251 million to 66 million years ago). Sauropterygians include the nothosaurs, the pistosaurs, and the plesiosaurs, all of which were remarkably well adapted to life in the water....
Saururaceae (plant family)
...used to be in its own family, Lactoridaceae) contains 480 species in 5–8 genera distributed in the tropics of both hemispheres, and several genera occur in the temperate zone. Hydnoraceae and Saururaceae together have fewer than 15 species. Piperales often have several features also found in monocotyledons, including discrete vascular bundles in the stem, and threefold flower parts.......
Saururus cernuus (plant)
member of the lizard’s-tail family (Saururaceae), found in marshy areas of eastern North America. The plant has creeping stems, or runners. Erect branches about 60 to 150 centimetres (2 to 5 feet) tall bear heart-shaped leaves on long stalks. Small, white flowers grow in a spike with a drooping tip (the lizard’...
saury (fish)
any of four species of long, slim marine fishes of the family Scomberesocidae (order Atheriniformes). Sauries are small—up to about 35 cm (14 inches) long—and are characterized by beaklike but weakly toothed jaws and a row of small finlets behind the dorsal and anal fins. Found in tropical and temperate waters, they live near the surface and commonly jump and skim above the water. Re...
sausage (food)
meat product made of finely chopped and seasoned meat, which may be fresh, smoked, or pickled and which is then usually stuffed into a casing. Sausages of fish or poultry are also made. The word sausage, from the Latin salsus (“salted”), refers to a food-processing method that had been used for centuries. Various forms of sausages were known in ancient Babylonia, Greece, and ...
sausage tree (plant)
(Kigelia africana), tropical tree, the only species of its genus (family Bignoniaceae). It grows 6 to 12 metres (20 to 40 feet) tall and bears sausagelike fruits, 30 to 60 cm (1 to 2 feet) long, which hang down on long, cordlike stalks. It is native to Africa....
Sausalito (California, United States)
city, Marin county, western California, U.S. It lies along San Francisco Bay just north of San Francisco across the Golden Gate Bridge. It was founded in 1838 by William Richardson, who had received a Mexican land grant called Rancho Sausalito, named...
Sauser, Frédéric (Swiss writer)
French-speaking poet and essayist who created a powerful new poetic style to express a life of action and danger. His poems Pâques à New York (1912; “Easter in New York”) and La Prose du Transsibérien et de la petite Jehanne de France (1913; “The Prose of the Trans-Siberian and of Little Jehanne of France”) are combination travelogues ...
Saushatar (Mitanni king)
...before King Tushratta. The Mitanni empire was known to the Egyptians under the name of Naharina, and Thutmose III fought frequently against it after 1460 bc. By 1420 the domain of the Mitanni king Saustatar (Saushatar) stretched from the Mediterranean all the way to the northern Zagros Mountains, in western Iran, including Alalakh, in northern Syria, as well as Nuzi, Kurrukhanni, ...
Saussure, Albertine-Adrienne de (Swiss writer)
Swiss woman of letters and author of a long-influential study on the education of women....
Saussure, Ferdinand de (Swiss linguist)
Swiss linguist whose ideas on structure in language laid the foundation for much of the approach to and progress of the linguistic sciences in the 20th century....
Saussure, Horace Bénédict de (Swiss physicist)
Swiss physicist, geologist, and early Alpine explorer who developed an improved hygrometer to measure atmospheric humidity....
Saussure, Nicolas-Théodore de (Swiss scientist)
Swiss chemist and plant physiologist whose quantitative experiments on the influence of water, air, and nutrients on plants laid the foundation for plant biochemistry....
saussurite (geology)
process by which calcium-bearing plagioclase feldspar is altered to a characteristic assemblage of minerals called saussurite; the typical assemblage formed includes zoisite, chlorite, amphibole, and carbonates. Residual fluids present during the late stages of magmatic crystallization can react with previously formed plagioclase feldspar to form saussurite; the saussurite will be spread......
saussuritization (geology)
process by which calcium-bearing plagioclase feldspar is altered to a characteristic assemblage of minerals called saussurite; the typical assemblage formed includes zoisite, chlorite, amphibole, and carbonates. Residual fluids present during the late stages of magmatic crystallization can react with previously formed plagioclase feldspar to form saussurite; the saussurite will be spread through t...
Saustatar (Mitanni king)
...before King Tushratta. The Mitanni empire was known to the Egyptians under the name of Naharina, and Thutmose III fought frequently against it after 1460 bc. By 1420 the domain of the Mitanni king Saustatar (Saushatar) stretched from the Mediterranean all the way to the northern Zagros Mountains, in western Iran, including Alalakh, in northern Syria, as well as Nuzi, Kurrukhanni, ...
Sauternes (district, France)
The natural sweet wines, fruity with enduring rich flavour, of this district are usually considered among the world’s finest. To achieve their quality the grapes are left until overripe on the vines before harvesting, thus producing the ripeness known as pourriture noble, which leaves an abundance of sugar in the grape, sweetening the wine and producing a high alcoholic content. A la...
Sautet, Claude (French director)
French motion picture director (b. Feb. 23, 1924, Montrouge, near Paris, France—d. July 22, 2000, Paris), specialized in exploring the intimate lives of the contemporary French bourgeoisie, notably in such films as Les Choses de la vie (1969; The Things of Life), César et Rosalie (1972; César and Rosalie), and the...
Sautrantika (Buddhist school)
ancient school of Buddhism that emerged in India about the 2nd century bc as an offshoot of the Sarvāstivāda (“All-Is-Real Doctrine”). The school is so called because of its reliance on the sutras, or words of the Buddha, and its rejection of the authority of the Abhidharma, a part of the canon....
Sautuola, Marcelino de (Spanish geologist and archaeologist)
Spanish amateur geologist and archaeologist who excavated Altamira Cave (named a World Heritage Site by the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization in 1985), near Santillana, in northern Spain, which contains the earliest known (c. 13,000–20,000 bc) examples of ...
Sautuola, Marcelino Sanz de (Spanish geologist and archaeologist)
Spanish amateur geologist and archaeologist who excavated Altamira Cave (named a World Heritage Site by the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization in 1985), near Santillana, in northern Spain, which contains the earliest known (c. 13,000–20,000 bc) examples of ...
Sauvage, Charles Gabriel (French sculptor)
The wares of Niderviller, in Lorraine, were much influenced by those of Strasbourg. The later figures were probably modelled by the sculptor Charles Gabriel Sauvage, called Lemire (1741–1827), and some were sometimes taken from models by Paul-Louis Cyfflé (1724–1806). At Lunéville, not far away, Cyfflé worked in a pleasant but sentimental vein and used a......
Sauvage, Jean (Holy Roman chancellor)
Erasmus’ home base was now in Brabant, where he had influential friends at the Habsburg court of the Netherlands in Brussels, notably the grand chancellor, Jean Sauvage. Through Sauvage he was named honorary councillor to the 16-year-old archduke Charles, the future Charles V, and was commissioned to write Institutio principis Christiani (1516; The...
Sauvages, François Boissier de (French scientist)
...by the imbalance of “humours,” which was then the prevailing theory of disease causation. Sydenham’s work created a framework for the classification of diseases, which was built upon by François Boissier de Sauvages, who in 1763 published the first methodical nosology, or description of disease symptoms. Sauvages emphasized symptomatology as the basis for disease......
Sauvages, Les (work by Rameau)
...as a dramatic composer, and the display of two Louisiana Indians at one of these theatres in 1725 inspired the composition of one of his best and most celebrated pieces, Les Sauvages, later used in his opéra ballet Les Indes galantes (first performed 1735). The following year, at the age of 42, he married a 19-year-old singer,......
Sauvé, Jeanne Mathilde (Canadian journalist and politician)
Canadian journalist and politician (b. April 26, 1922, Prud’homme, Sask.--d. Jan. 26, 1993, Montreal, Que.), was a respected print, radio, and television journalist before launching a political career in 1972 and trailblazing a path for women in government; she was the first Quebec woman named (1972) to a Cabinet post, the first woman spe...
“Sauve qui peut (la vie)” (film by Godard)
Godard began making successful narrative feature films again in 1979 with Sauve qui peut (la vie) (Every Man for Himself), a story of three young Swiss people and their problems of work and love. In the 1980s he was involved in film projects at home as well as in California and Mozambique. His most notable work of the decade was his......
Sauveur, Albert (American metallurgist)
Belgian-born American metallurgist whose microscopic and photomicroscopic studies of metal structures make him one of the founders of physical metallurgy....
Sauveur, Joseph (French physicist)
...lectures. In the late 17th and early 18th centuries, detailed studies of the relationship between frequency and pitch and of waves in stretched strings were carried out by the French physicist Joseph Sauveur, who provided a legacy of acoustic terms used to this day and first suggested the name acoustics for the study of sound....
Sava River (river, Europe)
river in the western Balkans. Its basin, 36,960 square miles (95,720 square km) in area, covers much of Slovenia, Croatia, Bosnia, and northern Serbia. It rises in the Triglav group of the Julian Alps as two rivers, the Sava Bohinjka and the Sava Dolinka, which join at Radovljica. It then flows mainly east-southeastward thro...
Sava, Saint (Serbian monk)
monk, founder, and first archbishop of the independent Serbian Orthodox church. His policy of recognizing the jurisdiction of the patriarch of Constantinople (now Istanbul) ensured the adherence of Serbian Christianity to Eastern Orthodoxy....
Savage (missile)
...This ICBM, conceived originally as a rail-mobile system, was deployed in silos in 1962, became operational the following year, and was phased out by 1973. The first Soviet solid-fueled ICBM was the SS-13 Savage, which became operational in 1969. This missile could carry a 750-kiloton warhead more than 5,000 miles. Because the Soviet Union deployed several other liquid-fueled ICBMs between 1962....