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  • Saxon, Sky Sunlight (American musician)
    Aug. 20, 1937?Salt Lake City, UtahJune 25, 2009Austin, TexasAmerican musician who melded British pop style, free-love ideals, and abrasive rock rhythms to form the Seeds, a hallmark proto-punk band. Saxon’s musical career began when he moved to Los Angeles after high school, original...
  • Saxon wheel (machine)
    The Saxon, or Saxony, wheel, introduced in Europe at the beginning of the 16th century, incorporated a bobbin on which the yarn was wound continuously; the distaff on which the raw fibre was held became a stationary vertical rod, and the wheel was actuated by a foot treadle, thus freeing both of the operator’s hands....
  • Saxony (state, Germany)
    Land (state), eastern Germany. Poland lies to the east of Saxony, and the Czech Republic lies to the south. Saxony also borders the German states of Saxony-Anhalt to the northwest, Brandenburg to the north, Bavaria to the southwest, and Th...
  • Saxony (historical region, duchy, and kingdom, Europe)
    any of several major territories in German history. It has been applied: (1) before ad 1180, to an extensive far-north German region including Holstein but lying mainly west and southwest of the estuary and lower course of the Elbe River; (2) between 1180 and 1423, to two much smaller and widely separated areas, one on the right (east) bank of the lower Elbe southeast of Holstein, th...
  • Saxony wheel (machine)
    The Saxon, or Saxony, wheel, introduced in Europe at the beginning of the 16th century, incorporated a bobbin on which the yarn was wound continuously; the distaff on which the raw fibre was held became a stationary vertical rod, and the wheel was actuated by a foot treadle, thus freeing both of the operator’s hands....
  • Saxony-Anhalt (state, Germany)
    Land (state), east-central Germany. Saxony-Anhalt borders the German states of Brandenburg to the east, Saxony to the south, Thuringia to the southwest, and Lower Saxony to the northwest. The state capital is Magdeburg. Area 7,895 square miles (20,...
  • saxophone (musical instrument)
    any of a family of single-reed wind instruments ranging from soprano to bass and characterized by a conical metal tube and finger keys. The first saxophone was patented by Antoine-Joseph Sax in Paris in 1846....
  • Saxton, Ida (American first lady)
    American first lady (1897–1901), the wife of William McKinley, 25th president of the United States....
  • saʿy (Islam)
    ...Black Stone, pray at the sacred stone Maqām Ibrāhīm, drink the holy water of the Zamzam spring, and touch the Black Stone again, though these ceremonies are supererogatory. The saʿy, running seven times between the hills of aṣ-Ṣafā and al-Marwah, and the ritual shaving of the head complete the ʿumrah....
  • Say Cheese! (work by Aksyonov)
    ...an anarchic blend of memory, fantasy, and realistic narrative in which the author tries to sum up Russian intellectuals’ spiritual responses to their homeland. Another, Skazhi izyum (1985; Say Cheese!), is an irreverent portrait of Moscow’s intellectual community during the last years of Leonid Brezhnev’s leadership. Pokolenie zimy (Generations of Wi...
  • Say, Darling (work by Bissell)
    ...which had a long run on Broadway and was made into a motion picture in 1957. From his experiences in the theatre he produced a novel, Say, Darling (1957), which he then wrote as a musical under the same title (1958), in collaboration with his wife, Marian Bissell, and Abe Burrows. Among his later books are the novels Good......
  • Say, Is This the U.S.A. (work by Bourke-White and Caldwell)
    ...Have Seen Their Faces (1937), about Southern sharecroppers; North of the Danube (1939), about life in Czechoslovakia before the Nazi takeover; and Say, Is This the U.S.A. (1941), about the industrialization of the United States....
  • Say, J.-B. (French economist)
    French economist, best known for his law of markets, which postulates that supply creates its own demand....
  • Say, Jean-Baptiste (French economist)
    French economist, best known for his law of markets, which postulates that supply creates its own demand....
  • Say, Léon (French economist)
    economist who served as finance minister in the Third Republic of France....
  • Say, Thomas (American naturalist)
    naturalist often considered to be the founder of descriptive entomology in the United States. His work, which was almost entirely taxonomic, was quickly recognized by European zoologists....
  • Say You, Say Me (song by Richie)
    naturalist often considered to be the founder of descriptive entomology in the United States. His work, which was almost entirely taxonomic, was quickly recognized by European zoologists.......
  • Sayadian, Aruthin (Armenian troubadour)
    Armenian troubadour known for his love songs....
  • Sayan language
    ...and South Samoyedic. The North Samoyedic subgroup consists of Nenets (Yurak), Enets (Yenisey), and Nganasan (Tavgi). The South Samoyedic subgroup comprises Selkup and the practically extinct Kamas language. None of these languages was written before 1930, and they are currently used only occasionally for educational purposes in some elementary schools....
  • Sayan Mountains (mountains, Asia)
    large upland region lying along the frontiers of east-central Russia and Mongolia. Within Russia the mountains occupy the southern parts of the Krasnoyarsk kray (territory) and Irkutsk oblast (region), the northern part of Tyva (Tuva), and the west of Buryatiya....
  • Sāyaṇa (Indian commentator)
    His younger brother Sāyaṇa, the minister of four successive Vijayanagar kings, is famous as the commentator of the Vedas. Sāyaṇa’s commentaries were influenced by Mādhavācārya, who was a patron of the scholars collaborating in his brother’s great work....
  • Sayanogorsk (Russia)
    ...The forests of the republic are exploited for timber. Abakan (q.v.) is the administrative centre. In 1989 one of Russia’s largest hydroelectric stations was completed on the Yenisey near Sayanogorsk, with a generating capacity of 6,400 megawatts. The station was built to provide power for major industrial development in the......
  • Sayansky Khrebet (mountains, Asia)
    large upland region lying along the frontiers of east-central Russia and Mongolia. Within Russia the mountains occupy the southern parts of the Krasnoyarsk kray (territory) and Irkutsk oblast (region), the northern part of Tyva (Tuva), and the west of Buryatiya....
  • Sayão, Bidú (Brazilian singer)
    Brazilian coloratura soprano whose technique, personality, and acting ability made her one of the most popular stars of New York City’s Metropolitan Opera in the 1930s and ’40s; in her 236 performances there from 1937 to 1952, she performed 12 roles, including Mimi in La Bohème and the title role in ...
  • Sayat-Nova (Armenian troubadour)
    Armenian troubadour known for his love songs....
  • Sayce, Archibald H. (British language scholar)
    British language scholar whose many valuable contributions to ancient Middle Eastern linguistic research included the first grammar in English of Assyrian....
  • Sayce, Archibald Henry (British language scholar)
    British language scholar whose many valuable contributions to ancient Middle Eastern linguistic research included the first grammar in English of Assyrian....
  • Sạydā (Lebanon)
    ancient city on the Mediterranean coast of Lebanon and the administrative centre of al-Janūb (South Lebanon) muḥāfaẓah (governorate). A fishing, trade, and market centre for an agricultural hinterland, it has also served as the Mediterranean terminus of the Trans-Arabian Pipeline, 1,069 mi (1,720 km) long, from ...
  • Saye and Sele, William Fiennes, 1st Viscount, 8th Lord Saye and Sele (English statesman)
    English statesman, a leading opponent of James I and Charles I in the House of Lords and a supporter of Parliament in the English Civil Wars....
  • Sayers, Dorothy L. (British writer)
    English scholar and writer whose numerous mystery stories featuring the witty and charming Lord Peter Wimsey combined the attractions of scholarly erudition and cultural small talk with the puzzle of detection....
  • Sayers, Dorothy Leigh (British writer)
    English scholar and writer whose numerous mystery stories featuring the witty and charming Lord Peter Wimsey combined the attractions of scholarly erudition and cultural small talk with the puzzle of detection....
  • Sayers, Gale (American football player)
    American gridiron football player who in 1977 became the youngest player ever voted into the Pro Football Hall of Fame. Though knee injuries shortened his career, Sayers showed in his seven seasons that he was one of the most elusive running backs in the history of the National Football League (NFL)....
  • Sayers, Gale Eugene (American football player)
    American gridiron football player who in 1977 became the youngest player ever voted into the Pro Football Hall of Fame. Though knee injuries shortened his career, Sayers showed in his seven seasons that he was one of the most elusive running backs in the history of the National Football League (NFL)....
  • Sayers, Gayle (American football player)
    American gridiron football player who in 1977 became the youngest player ever voted into the Pro Football Hall of Fame. Though knee injuries shortened his career, Sayers showed in his seven seasons that he was one of the most elusive running backs in the history of the National Football League (NFL)....
  • Sayers, Tom (English boxer)
    boxer who participated in the first international heavyweight championship match and was one of England’s best-known 19th-century pugilists....
  • Sayf ad-Dīn Ghāzī I (Zangid ruler)
    ...After Zangī’s death in 1146, his sons divided the state between them, Syria falling to Nureddin (Nūr ad-Dīn Maḥmūd; reigned 1146–74) and al-Jazīrah to Sayf ad-Dīn Ghāzī I (reigned 1146–49). Nureddin’s expansionist policy led him to annex Damascus (1154), subjugate Egypt (1168), and present a broad and com...
  • Sayf al-Dawlah (Ḥamdānid ruler)
    ruler of northern Syria who was the founder and the most prominent prince of the Arab Ḥamdānid dynasty of Aleppo. He was famous for his patronage of scholars and for his military struggles against the Greeks....
  • Sayf al-Dawlah Abū al-Ḥasan ibn Ḥamdān (Ḥamdānid ruler)
    ruler of northern Syria who was the founder and the most prominent prince of the Arab Ḥamdānid dynasty of Aleppo. He was famous for his patronage of scholars and for his military struggles against the Greeks....
  • Sayf Allāh (Arab Muslim general)
    one of the two generals (with ʿAmr ibn al-ʿĀṣ) of the enormously successful Islamic expansion under the Prophet Muhammad and his immediate successors, Abū Bakr and ʿUmar....
  • Sayf dynasty (African history)
    African trading empire ruled by the Sef (Sayf) dynasty that controlled the area around Lake Chad from the 9th to the 19th century. Its territory at various times included what is now southern Chad, northern Cameroon, northeastern Nigeria, eastern Niger, and southern Libya....
  • Sayf ibn Sulṭān (imam of Oman)
    ...with Pate, the imam of Oman sailed to East Africa with a fleet of more than 3,000 men to lay siege to Mombasa. Although Fort Jesus was reinforced, the great Portuguese stronghold finally fell to Sayf ibn Sulṭān in December 1698. A few years later Zanzibar, the last of Portugal’s allies in Eastern Africa, also fell to the imam....
  • Sayida (Lebanon)
    ancient city on the Mediterranean coast of Lebanon and the administrative centre of al-Janūb (South Lebanon) muḥāfaẓah (governorate). A fishing, trade, and market centre for an agricultural hinterland, it has also served as the Mediterranean terminus of the Trans-Arabian Pipeline, 1,069 mi (1,720 km) long, from ...
  • Sayings and Doings (work by Hook)
    ...of public money: in 1817, when some £12,000 was found to have been stolen, Hook, although guilty only of negligence, was recalled, tried, and imprisoned. The success in 1824 of his Sayings and Doings, tales with a fashionable setting, each illustrating a proverb, was such that he extended their three volumes to nine in 1828. From 1824 to 1841 he wrote a series of fictional......
  • sayl al-ʿarim (Islam)
    ...destruction, perhaps by earthquake or volcanic eruption, took place possibly in the 7th century. As the “flood of Arim” (Arabic sayl al-ʿarim), it is mentioned in the Qurʾān (Koran); sometimes translated “the flood of the dike” or the “bursting of the dike,” it is a favou...
  • Sayle, William (British governor of Bermuda)
    ...Heath, however, made no effort to settle the Bahamas. Nevertheless, in the 1640s the religious disputes among English colonists in Bermuda came to involve the Bahamas. In 1647 Capt. William Sayle, who had twice been governor of Bermuda, took the leadership of an enterprise to seek an island upon which dissidents could worship as they pleased. In July of that year the Company of......
  • Sayles, John (American director, screenwriter, and actor)
    American film director, screenwriter, and actor who was one of the most successful independent filmmakers in the United States. Sayles graduated from Williams College and wrote short stories...
  • Sayles, Thelma Lucille (American poet)
    American poet whose works examine family life, racism, and gender....
  • Sayn-Wittgenstein, Princess Carolyne (mistress of Liszt)
    In February 1847 Liszt met the princess Carolyne Sayn-Wittgenstein at Kiev and later spent some time at her estate in Poland. She quickly persuaded him to give up his career as a virtuoso and to concentrate on composition. He gave his final concert at Yelizavetgrad (Kirovograd) in September of that year. Having been director of music extraordinary to the Weimar court in Germany since 1843, and......
  • Säynätsalo (Finland)
    The single work that epitomizes Aalto’s mature style is perhaps the Säynätsalo town hall group. Modest in scale in its forest setting, it nonetheless asserts a quiet force. Its simple forms are in red brick, wood, and copper, all traditional materials of Finland. Viewing it, a person feels the achievement of a perfect building, in that the essence of the time, the place, the p...
  • Sayonara (film by Logan [1957])
    ...Screenplay: Pierre Boulle, Michael Wilson, Carl Foreman for The Bridge on the River KwaiCinematography: Jack Hildyard for The Bridge on the River KwaiArt Direction: Ted Haworth for SayonaraScoring: Malcolm Arnold for The Bridge on the River KwaiSong: “All the Way” from The Joker Is Wild; music by James Van Heusen, lyrics by......
  • Sayornis (bird)
    any of three species of New World birds of the family Tyrannidae (order Passeriformes). In North America the best-known species is the Eastern phoebe (Sayornis phoebe), 18 cm (7.5 inches) long, plain brownish gray above and paler below. Its call is a brisk ...
  • Sayornis nigricans (bird)
    ...on a ledge, often under a bridge. In the open country of western North America is Say’s phoebe (S. saya), a slightly larger bird with buff-hued underparts. The most widely distributed is the black phoebe (S. nigricans), occurring from the southwestern United States to Argentina; it is dark above with a contrasting white...
  • Sayornis phoebe (bird)
    any of three species of New World birds of the family Tyrannidae (order Passeriformes). In North America the best-known species is the Eastern phoebe (Sayornis phoebe), 18 cm (7.5 inches) long, plain brownish gray above and paler below. Its call is a brisk “fee-bee”.....
  • Sayornis saya (bird)
    ...Its call is a brisk “fee-bee” uttered over and over. It makes a mossy nest, strengthened with mud, on a ledge, often under a bridge. In the open country of western North America is Say’s phoebe (S. saya), a slightly larger bird with buff-hued underparts. The most widely distributed is the black phoebe (S. nigricans), occurring from the southwestern ......
  • sayraisin (food)
    ...percent protein, 2 percent fat, and small amounts of vitamins B1 and B2. In eastern European cookery the hulled kernels, or groats, cooked and served much like rice, are called kasha, and in France they are called sayraisin. Buckwheat flour is unsatisfactory for bread, but it is used in the United States and Canada, alone or mixed with ......
  • Sayram, Lake (lake, Asia)
    ...glaciers in the eastern part and are characterized by steeply sloping ridges. This range also gradually descends westward, where at an elevation of 6,801 feet (2,073 metres) lies the great undrained Lake Sayram. The Ili depression is bounded to the south by the highest mountains in the central Tien Shan—the Halik Mountains, reaching heights up to 22,346 feet (6,811 metres), and the......
  • Sayre, Anne Colquhoun (American writer)
    American writer whose book Rosalind Franklin and DNA (1975) helped reveal sexism in the scientific community and led to the acknowledgment of Franklin’s contribution to the discovery of the structure of DNA (b. April 10, 1923, Milwaukee, Wis.--d. March 13, 1998, Bridgewater, N.J.)....
  • Say’s Law of Markets
    Many writers before Keynes raised the question of whether a capitalist economic system, relying as it did on the profit incentive to keep production going and maintain employment, was not in danger of running into depressed states from which the automatic workings of the price mechanism......
  • Say’s phoebe (bird)
    ...Its call is a brisk “fee-bee” uttered over and over. It makes a mossy nest, strengthened with mud, on a ledge, often under a bridge. In the open country of western North America is Say’s phoebe (S. saya), a slightly larger bird with buff-hued underparts. The most widely distributed is the black phoebe (S. nigricans), occurring from the southwestern ......
  • Sayyāb, Badr Shākir al- (Iraqi poet)
    A major change in the form of the Arabic poem occurred in the late 1940s, when two Iraqi poets, Nāzik al-Malāʾikah and Badr Shākir al-Sayyāb, almost simultaneously decided to abandon the system of prosody that the critical establishment had for centuries imposed as a principal method of identifying the poetic, choosing to adopt in its place a system that used......
  • sayyid (Arabic title)
    (Arabic: “master,” or “lord”), Arabic title of respect, sometimes restricted, as is the title sharīf, to the Banū Hāshim, members of Muḥammad’s clan; in particular, the descendants of Muḥammad’s uncles al-ʿAbbās and Abū Ṭālib and of ʿAlī ibn Abī Ṭ...
  • Sayyid, ʿAbd Allah Khan (Mughal minister)
    Farrukh-Siyar (ruled 1713–19) owed his victory and accession to the Sayyid brothers, ʿAbd Allāh Khan and Ḥusayn ʿAlī Khan Bāraha. The Sayyids thus earned the offices of vizier and chief bakhshī and acquired control over the affairs of state. They promoted the policies initiated earlier by Ẓulfiq...
  • Sayyid Ahmad Khan (Muslim scholar)
    Muslim educator, jurist, and author, founder of the Anglo-Mohammedan Oriental College at Alīgarh, Uttar Pradesh, India, and the principal motivating force behind the revival of Indian Islām in the late 19th century. His works, in Urdu, include Essays on the Life of Mohammed (1870) and ...
  • Sayyid Āqā Jalāl ad-Dīn Mīrak al-Ḥasanī (Persian painter)
    Persian painter, an admired portraitist and an excellent colourist, who painted in a sumptuous style....
  • Sayyid ash-Sharīf, as- (Iranian theologian)
    leading traditionalist theologian of 15th-century Iran....
  • Sayyid dynasty (Indian dynasty)
    rulers of India’s Delhi sultanate (c. 1414–51) as successors of the Tughluq dynasty until displaced by the Afghan Lodīs. This family claimed to be sayyids, or descendants of the Prophet Muhammad. The central authority of the Delhi sultanate had been fatally weakened by the invas...
  • Sayyid, Ḥusain ʿAlī Khān Bāraha (Mughal minister)
    Farrukh-Siyar (ruled 1713–19) owed his victory and accession to the Sayyid brothers, ʿAbd Allāh Khan and Ḥusayn ʿAlī Khan Bāraha. The Sayyids thus earned the offices of vizier and chief bakhshī and acquired control over the affairs of state. They promoted the policies initiated earlier by Ẓulfiq...
  • Sayyid Mahdi Ali (Indian political leader)
    Sayyid Mahdi Ali (1837–1907), popularly known by his title Mohsin al-Mulk, had succeeded Sayyid Ahmad as leader and convened a deputation of some 36 Muslim leaders, headed by the Aga Khan III, that in 1906 called upon Lord Minto (viceroy from 1905–10) to articulate the special national interests of India’s Muslim community. Minto promised that any reforms enacted by his govern...
  • Sayyid Muḥammad Raḥīm Bahādur II (Khivan khan)
    ...(“Amulet of the Lovers”), and continued the writing of Paradise of Felicity. Āgahī also was a major translator of the Persian classics into Chagatai. The khan Sayyid Muḥammad Raḥīm Bahādur II introduced printing to Khiva in 1874, the year of Āgahī’s death. Taking the pen name Firuz, he also wrote verse in ...
  • Sayyid Murtaḍā az-Zabīd, al- (Muslim philologist)
    ...Islām. He even attempted to make a comparison of the characteristics of Arabic and Sanskrit poetry and tried to prove that India was the real homeland of Islām. It should be added that al-Sayyid Murtaḍā az-Zabīd (died 1791), a leading philologist, author of the fundamental work of lexicography Tāj al-ʿarūs (“The Bride’...
  • Sayyid Saʿīd ibn Sulṭān (Arabian ruler)
    ...itself into the main entrepôt for the trade in the area south of Mombasa, Zanzibar soon rivaled Mombasa as the focal point for the whole coastline. As such, it was both developed and used by Sayyid Saʿīd ibn Sulṭān of Oman as the base for his growing ambitions. Having won the succession to Muscat after an internecine struggle following his father’s deat...
  • Sayyidah Arwā, as- (Ṣulayḥid ruler)
    ...was given to the Zurayʿids, a related dynasty also of Ismāʿīlī persuasion. Late in his reign Aḥmad transferred effective control of the principality to his wife, al-Sayyidah Arwā. The Fāṭimids recognized her as suzerain of the kings of the Yemen until her death in 1138, when Yemen passed into Zurayʿid hands....
  • Sayyidī Yaḥyā oasis (oasis, Morocco)
    ...and owes some growth to the coal, lead, and zinc mines to the south. There are traces of ancient walls, but the city’s appearance is generally modern, with wide avenues and parks. Oujda is near Sidi Yahya (Sayyidī Yaḥyā) oasis, a legendary burial place of John the......
  • Sazonov, Sergey Dmitriyevich (Russian statesman)
    statesman and diplomat, Russia’s minister of foreign affairs (1910–16) during the period immediately preceding and following the outbreak of World War I....
  • Sb (chemical element)
    a metallic element belonging to the nitrogen group (Group 15 [Va] of the periodic table). Antimony exists in many allotropic forms (physically distinct conditions that result from different arrangements of the same atoms in molecules or crystals). Antimony is a lustrous, silvery, bluish white solid that is...
  • SB (Polish government)
    ...government, police services were undertaken by the Citizens’ Militia—of which the Motorized Detachments of the Citizens’ Militia (ZOMO) acted as a mobile paramilitary riot squad—and the Security Service (SB), a secret political police force. In the early 1980s ZOMO played a key role in enforcing martial law and controlling demonstrations. The paramilitary nature of t...
  • Sb galaxy (astronomy)
    This intermediate type of spiral typically has a medium-sized nucleus. Its arms are more widely spread than those of the Sa variety and appear less smooth. They contain stars, star clouds, and interstellar gas and dust. Sb galaxies show wide dispersions in details in terms of their shape. Hubble and Sandage observed, for example, that in......
  • SB0 galaxy (astronomy)
    There are SB0 galaxies that feature a large nuclear bulge surrounded by a disklike envelope across which runs a luminous featureless bar. Some SB0 systems have short bars, while others have bars that extend across the entire visible image. Occasionally there is a ringlike feature external to the bar. SBa galaxies have bright, fairly large nuclear bulges and tightly wound, smooth spiral arms......
  • SBa galaxy (astronomy)
    ...runs a luminous featureless bar. Some SB0 systems have short bars, while others have bars that extend across the entire visible image. Occasionally there is a ringlike feature external to the bar. SBa galaxies have bright, fairly large nuclear bulges and tightly wound, smooth spiral arms that emerge from the ends of the bar or from a circular ring external to the bar. SBb systems have a smooth....
  • Sbarbaro, Camillo (Italian author)
    ...wartime generation, weary of tradition and rhetoric, had been seeking new expression: some, like the Futuristi, had tried to work rhetoric out of their system by letting it run amok; others, such as Camillo Sbarbaro (Pianissimo [1914], Trucioli [1920; “Shavings”]), cultivated a style purified of unessential elements. Out of those efforts grew a poetry......
  • SBb galaxy (astronomy)
    ...external to the bar. SBa galaxies have bright, fairly large nuclear bulges and tightly wound, smooth spiral arms that emerge from the ends of the bar or from a circular ring external to the bar. SBb systems have a smooth bar as well as relatively smooth and continuous arms. In some galaxies of this type, the arms start at or near the ends of the bar, with conspicuous dust lanes along the......
  • SBC Communications, Incorporated (American company)
    ...monopoly, Teléfonos de México (Telmex), which had allowed him to broaden his investment portfolio into American technology and telecommunications firms such as Prodigy Inc. and SBC Communications Inc. Grupo Carso also held extensive interests in numerous Mexican companies....
  • SBc galaxy (astronomy)
    ...or near the ends of the bar, with conspicuous dust lanes along the inside of the bar that can be traced right up to the nucleus. Others have arms that start tangent to a ring external to the bar. In SBc galaxies, both the arms and the bar are highly resolved into star clouds and stellar associations. The arms are open in form and can start either at the ends of the bar or tangent to a ring....
  • Sbeitla (Tunisia)
    ancient Roman city 19 miles (31 km) east-northeast of modern Al-Qaṣrayn, Tunisia. Most likely originating as a fort during the Roman campaigns against the Numidian rebel Tacfarinas (ad 17–24), it became a municipium under the emperor Vespasian (69–79) and a colonia unde...
  • SBR (chemical compound)
    a general-purpose synthetic rubber, produced from a copolymer of styrene and butadiene. Exceeding all other synthetic rubbers in consumption, SBR is used in great quantities in automobile and truck tires, generally as an abrasion-resistant replacement for natural rubber (produced from ...
  • SBR (chemical compound)
    two related triblock copolymers that consist of polystyrene sequences (or blocks) at each end of a molecular chain and a butadiene or isoprene sequence in the centre. SBS and SIS are thermoplastic elastomers, blends that exhibit both the elasticity and resilience of butadiene rubber or...
  • SBY (president of Indonesia)
    Indonesian politician who was the first popularly elected president of Indonesia (2004– )....
  • Sc (chemical element)
    (Sc), chemical element, rare-earth metal of transition Group IIIb of the periodic table. Scandium is a silvery-white, rather soft metal. After Dmitry Ivanovich Mendeleyev predict...
  • Sc galaxy (astronomy)
    These galaxies characteristically have a very small nucleus and multiple spiral arms that are open, with relatively large pitch angles. The arms, moreover, are lumpy, containing as they do numerous irregularly distributed star clouds, stellar associations, star clusters, and gas clouds known as emission nebulae....
  • SCAA (American organization)
    ...mind to the problem of public charity. A visit to the poorhouse in Westchester county revealed conditions in dire need of improvement. In 1872, with a group of like-minded associates, she formed the State Charities Aid Association (SCAA), which she envisioned as an umbrella organization for local groups of volunteer visitors interested in the inspection and improvement of prisons, poorhouses,.....
  • scab (medicine)
    in pathology, secondary skin lesion composed of dried serum, blood, or pus. See wound....
  • scab (plant disease)
    in botany, any of several bacterial or fungal diseases of plants characterized by crustaceous lesions on fruit, tuber, leaf, or stem. The term is also used for the symptom of the disease....
  • scab mite (arachnid)
    Mites of the suborder Astigmata (order Acariformes) include the grain and cheese mites (Acaridae), itch mites (Sarcoptidae) of humans and animals, scab mites (Psoroptidae), feather mites of birds, mites associated with insects, and many free-living forms. Grain mites (Glycyphagidae) not only damage stored products but also cause skin irritations in those who handle such products. Itch mites......
  • scabella (musical instrument)
    ...like a sandal, were known in Greece as kroupezai, or kroupala, and were adopted by Rome as the scabella. Other idiophones included bells, cymbals, the unidentified ēcheion, and an instrument simply called “the bronze”......
  • scabellum (musical instrument)
    ...like a sandal, were known in Greece as kroupezai, or kroupala, and were adopted by Rome as the scabella. Other idiophones included bells, cymbals, the unidentified ēcheion, and an instrument simply called “the bronze”......
  • scabies (dermatology)
    skin inflammation accompanied by severe nighttime itching caused by the itch mite (Sarcoptes scabiei var. hominis). The mite passes from person to person by close contact. Scabies is characteristically a disease of wartime, for ...
  • scabini (Byzantine law officer)
    ...(private military dependents) became vassi (“vassals”), and minor judicial officials were henceforth called scabini, as their counterparts were called north of the Alps. As in Francia, the church acquired greater political importance, for the Carolingians in Italy used bishops in their central......
  • scabini Flandriae (government organization)
    ...and its institutions the most elaborate. The extraordinary size of the largest cities made it impossible to rule the county without their collaboration. Thus during the 13th century, the scabini Flandriae, uniting delegations from the governments of the main cities, intervened in various political matters of the principality, especially concerning ......
  • scabinus (Byzantine law officer)
    ...(private military dependents) became vassi (“vassals”), and minor judicial officials were henceforth called scabini, as their counterparts were called north of the Alps. As in Francia, the church acquired greater political importance, for the Carolingians in Italy used bishops in their central......
  • Scabiosa (plant)
    (genus Scabiosa), any of about 100 species of annual and perennial herbs of the teasel family, Dipsacaceae, order Dipsacales. They are native to temperate Eurasia, the Mediterranean region, and the mountains of eastern Africa...

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