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Saxegothaea (plant)
...pine (Phyllocladus asplenifolius, see photograph) is the best known of the six species of Australasian trees and shrubs in the genus Phyllocladus. The Prince Albert yew (Saxegothaea conspicua), a timber tree native to South America, is the only species in the genus Saxegothaea....
Saxegothaea conspicua (plant)
...pine (Phyllocladus asplenifolius, see photograph) is the best known of the six species of Australasian trees and shrubs in the genus Phyllocladus. The Prince Albert yew (Saxegothaea conspicua), a timber tree native to South America, is the only species in the genus Saxegothaea....
saxhorn (musical instrument)
any of a family of brass wind instruments patented by the Belgian instrument-maker Antoine-Joseph Sax, known as Adolphe Sax, in Paris in 1845. Saxhorns, one of many 19th-century developments from the ...
Saxicola (bird genus)
any of a family of brass wind instruments patented by the Belgian instrument-maker Antoine-Joseph Sax, known as Adolphe Sax, in Paris in 1845. Saxhorns, one of many 19th-century developments from the ......
Saxicola rubetra (bird)
(Saxicola rubetra), Eurasian thrush named for its habitat: swampy meadows, called, in England, whins. This species, 13 centimetres (5 inches) long, one of the chat-thrush group (family Turdidae, order Passeriformes), is brown-streaked above and buffy below, with white patches on the eyebrows, wings, and tail. It has ...
Saxicola torquata (bird)
(species Saxicola torquatus), Eurasian and African thrush (family Muscicapidae, order Passeriformes) named for its voice, which is said to sound like pebbles clicked together. In this species, 13 cm (5 inches) long, the male is black above, with white neck patch and a smudge of reddish colour on the white underparts; the female is brownish and dark-hooded. It is a ground ...
Saxicolinae (bird)
any of the 190 species belonging to the songbird family Turdidae (order Passeriformes) that are generally smaller and have slenderer legs and more colourful plumage than true, or typical, thrushes. Chat-thrushes are sometimes treated as a distinct subfamily, Saxicolinae. They are found almost worldwide but are most common in the tropics, especially in Africa. Wing- and tail-flicking is common in ...
Saxicoloides fulicata (bird)
The name robin is also applied to a dozen other chat-thrushes in the genera Erithacus and Tarsiger, as well as to a few other related species, notably the Indian robin (Saxicoloides fulicata), which is about 15 cm (6 inches) long, with black plumage set off by a white shoulder patch and reddish patches on the underparts....
Saxifraga (plant)
any of a genus of flowering plants, of the family Saxifragaceae, native in temperate, subarctic, and alpine areas. About 300 species have been identified. Many of them are valued as rock-garden subjects, and some are grown in garden borders. As a group they are notable for their small bright flowers and fine-textured foliage....
Saxifraga paniculata (plant)
...in North America. Saxifraga callosa, S. cotyledon, and S. granulata, from Europe, have several varieties that are prized for their white to rose-pink, much-branched flower clusters. S. paniculata, which comes from the north temperate zone, has yielded a number of fine garden varieties, differing in size, leaf shape, and flower colour. Only one species is widely grown as a.....
Saxifraga sarmentosa (plant)
...of Bergenia purpurascens are used in Chinese medicine to stop bleeding and to serve as a tonic. Tiarella cordifolia of North America is considered useful as a diuretic and tonic. Saxifraga sarmentosa, native to China and Japan, is used in Java, Vietnam, and various parts of China for earaches and other ear problems. It is also employed in China for attacks of cholera and......
Saxifraga stolonifera (plant)
...differing in size, leaf shape, and flower colour. Only one species is widely grown as a window and basket plant, S. stolonifera, a trailing plant with cascading runners. Its common names are strawberry begonia, strawberry geranium, and mother-of-thousands....
Saxifragaceae (plant family)
the saxifrage family of flowering plants, in the order Rosales, comprising 36 genera of mostly perennial dicotyledonous herbs. The members are cosmopolitan in distribution but native primarily to northern cold and temperate regions. Members of the family have leaves that characteristically alternate along the stem and someti...
Saxifragales (plant order)
the saxifrage order of dicotyledonous flowering plants, consisting of 16 families, 112 genera, and nearly 2,500 species. It belongs to the core eudicots, and, although its phylogenetic position is not well resolved, it is probably sister to the Rosid group in the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group II botanical classification system...
saxifrage (plant)
any of a genus of flowering plants, of the family Saxifragaceae, native in temperate, subarctic, and alpine areas. About 300 species have been identified. Many of them are valued as rock-garden subjects, and some are grown in garden borders. As a group they are notable for their small bright flowers and fine-textured foliage....
saxifrage order (plant order)
the saxifrage order of dicotyledonous flowering plants, consisting of 16 families, 112 genera, and nearly 2,500 species. It belongs to the core eudicots, and, although its phylogenetic position is not well resolved, it is probably sister to the Rosid group in the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group II botanical classification system...
saxitoxin (biology)
...which are thereby rendered unsafe or poisonous for human consumption. The dinoflagellates (class Dinophyceae) are the most notorious producers of toxins. Paralytic shellfish poisoning is caused by saxitoxin or any of at least 12 related compounds. Saxitoxin is probably the most toxic compound known; it is 100,000 times more toxic than cocaine. Saxitoxin and saxitoxin-like compounds are nerve......
Saxnôt (Saxon deity)
...in the Saxon dialect, probably dating from the 8th century. The postulant is made to renounce the Devil and all his works, as well as three gods, Thunaer (Donar/Thor), Wôden (Wodan/Odin), and Saxnôt, whose name has been associated with Seaxneat, who appears as the son of Wôden in the genealogy of the kings of Essex. Saxnôt is undoubtedly a Saxon tribal god, but it is...
Saxo Grammaticus (Danish historian)
historian whose Gesta Danorum (“Story of the Danes”) is the first important work on the history of Denmark and the first Danish contribution to world literature....
Saxon (people)
member of a Germanic people who in ancient times lived in the area of modern Schleswig and along the Baltic coast. The period of Roman decline in the northwest area of the empire was marked by vigorous Saxon piracy in the North Sea. During the 5th century ad, the Saxons spread rapidly through north Germany and along the coasts of Gaul and Britain. The coastal stretch from the Elbe to...
Saxon, Arthur (German athlete)
The origins of modern competition are to be found in the 18th- and 19th-century strong men, such as Eugene Sandow and Arthur Saxon of Germany, George Hackenschmidt of Russia, and Louis Apollon of France, who performed in circuses and theatres. By 1891 there was international competition in London. The revived Olympic Games of 1896 included weight-lifting events, as did the Games of 1900 and......
Saxon dialect (language)
...marking. These dialects have traditionally been called “Frankish”; the dialects of the northeastern part of the Netherlands (Overijssel, Drenthe, Groningen) have been called “Saxon” and show certain affinities with Low German dialects to the east. On the basis of other linguistic features, it is also possible to group together the dialects to the south and to the......
Saxon duchies (historical region, Germany)
several former states in the Thuringian region of east-central Germany, ruled by members of the Ernestine branch of the house of Wettin between 1485 and 1918; today their territory occupies Thuringia Land (state) and a small portion of northern Bavaria Land in Germany....
Saxon dynasty (German history)
ruling house of German kings (Holy Roman emperors) from 919 to 1024. It came to power when the Liudolfing duke of Saxony was elected German king as Henry I (later called the Fowler), in 919....
Saxon Mirror (Saxon law)
the most important of the medieval compilations of Saxon customary law. Collected in the early 13th century by Eike von Repgow (also spelled Repkow, Repchow, or Repgau), a knight and a judge, it was written originally in Latin and later in German and showed little Roman influence, largely because Roman law...
Saxon People’s Party (political party, Germany)
...associations into an alliance with the radical anti-Prussian democrats, for Bebel and Liebknecht, the workers’ leaders, were implacable opponents of Bismarck. The Sächsische Volkspartei (Saxon People’s Party) was thus brought into being, and in 1867 Bebel entered the constituent Reichstag of the North German confederation as a member for this party. Eventually, this and oth...
Saxon Shore (military command)
...Carausius. This man had been in command against the Saxon pirates in the Channel and by his naval power was able to maintain his independence. His main achievement was to complete the new system of Saxon Shore forts around the southeastern coasts. At first he sought recognition as coemperor, but this was refused. In 293 the fall of Boulogne to Roman forces led to his murder and the accession of...
Saxon, Sky (American musician)
Aug. 20, 1937?Salt Lake City, UtahJune 25, 2009Austin, TexasAmerican musician who melded British pop style, free-love ideals, and abrasive rock rhythms to form the Seeds, a hallmark proto-punk band. Saxon’s musical career began when he moved to Los Angeles after high school, original...
Saxon, Sky Sunlight (American musician)
Aug. 20, 1937?Salt Lake City, UtahJune 25, 2009Austin, TexasAmerican musician who melded British pop style, free-love ideals, and abrasive rock rhythms to form the Seeds, a hallmark proto-punk band. Saxon’s musical career began when he moved to Los Angeles after high school, original...
Saxon wheel (machine)
The Saxon, or Saxony, wheel, introduced in Europe at the beginning of the 16th century, incorporated a bobbin on which the yarn was wound continuously; the distaff on which the raw fibre was held became a stationary vertical rod, and the wheel was actuated by a foot treadle, thus freeing both of the operator’s hands....
Saxony (historical region, duchy, and kingdom, Europe)
any of several major territories in German history. It has been applied: (1) before ad 1180, to an extensive far-north German region including Holstein but lying mainly west and southwest of the estuary and lower course of the Elbe River; (2) between 1180 and 1423, to two much smaller and widely separated areas, one on the right (east) bank of the lower Elbe southeast of Holstein, th...
Saxony (state, Germany)
Land (state), eastern Germany. Poland lies to the east of Saxony, and the Czech Republic lies to the south. Saxony also borders the German states of Saxony-Anhalt to the northwest, Brandenburg to the north, Bavaria to the southwest, and Th...
Saxony wheel (machine)
The Saxon, or Saxony, wheel, introduced in Europe at the beginning of the 16th century, incorporated a bobbin on which the yarn was wound continuously; the distaff on which the raw fibre was held became a stationary vertical rod, and the wheel was actuated by a foot treadle, thus freeing both of the operator’s hands....
Saxony-Anhalt (state, Germany)
Land (state), east-central Germany. Saxony-Anhalt borders the German states of Brandenburg to the east, Saxony to the south, Thuringia to the southwest, and Lower Saxony to the northwest. The state capital is Magdeburg. Area 7,895 square miles (20,...
saxophone (musical instrument)
any of a family of single-reed wind instruments ranging from soprano to bass and characterized by a conical metal tube and finger keys. The first saxophone was patented by Antoine-Joseph Sax in Paris in 1846....
Saxton, Ida (American first lady)
American first lady (1897–1901), the wife of William McKinley, 25th president of the United States....
saʿy (Islam)
...Black Stone, pray at the sacred stone Maqām Ibrāhīm, drink the holy water of the Zamzam spring, and touch the Black Stone again, though these ceremonies are supererogatory. The saʿy, running seven times between the hills of aṣ-Ṣafā and al-Marwah, and the ritual shaving of the head complete the ʿumrah....
Say (song by Mayer)
...two on the Billboard pop chart. He continued to be a Grammy favourite in 2009, picking up awards for best male pop vocal performance (for the single Say from Continuum) and for best solo rock performance (for Gravity, from the 2008 live album Where the Light......
Say Cheese! (work by Aksyonov)
...an anarchic blend of memory, fantasy, and realistic narrative in which the author tries to sum up Russian intellectuals’ spiritual responses to their homeland. Another, Skazhi izyum (1985; Say Cheese!), is an irreverent portrait of Moscow’s intellectual community during the last years of Leonid Brezhnev’s leadership. Pokolenie zimy (Generations of Wi...
Say, Darling (work by Bissell)
...Cents into a musical, The Pajama Game (1954), which had a long run on Broadway and was made into a motion picture in 1957. From his experiences in the theatre he produced a novel, Say, Darling (1957), which he then wrote as a musical under the same title (1958), in collaboration with his wife, Marian Bissell, and Abe Burrows. Among his later books are the novels Good......
Say, Is This the U.S.A. (work by Bourke-White and Caldwell)
...Have Seen Their Faces (1937), about Southern sharecroppers; North of the Danube (1939), about life in Czechoslovakia before the Nazi takeover; and Say, Is This the U.S.A. (1941), about the industrialization of the United States....
Say, J.-B. (French economist)
French economist, best known for his law of markets, which postulates that supply creates its own demand....
Say, Jean-Baptiste (French economist)
French economist, best known for his law of markets, which postulates that supply creates its own demand....
Say, Léon (French economist)
economist who served as finance minister in the Third Republic of France....
Say, Thomas (American naturalist)
naturalist often considered to be the founder of descriptive entomology in the United States. His work, which was almost entirely taxonomic, was quickly recognized by European zoologists....
Say You Will (album by Fleetwood Mac)
...members gathered again for The Dance, a live album that debuted a smattering of new material and fueled a U.S. tour. The band’s 2003 release, Say You Will, brought together Fleetwood, John McVie, Buckingham, and Nicks for their first studio album in 16 years, but the absence of Christine McVie highlighted her importance as a......
Sayadian, Aruthin (Armenian troubadour)
Armenian troubadour known for his love songs....
Sayan language
...and South Samoyedic. The North Samoyedic subgroup consists of Nenets (Yurak), Enets (Yenisey), and Nganasan (Tavgi). The South Samoyedic subgroup comprises Selkup and the practically extinct Kamas language. None of these languages was written before 1930, and they are currently used only occasionally for educational purposes in some elementary schools....
Sayan Mountains (mountains, Asia)
large upland region lying along the frontiers of east-central Russia and Mongolia. Within Russia the mountains occupy the southern parts of the Krasnoyarsk kray (territory) and Irkutsk oblast (region), the northern part of Tyva (Tuva), and the west of Buryatiya....
Sayana (Indian commentator)
His younger brother Sayana, the minister of four successive Vijayanagar kings, is famous as the commentator of the Vedas. Sayana’s commentaries were influenced by Madhavacharya, who was a patron of the scholars collaborating in his brother’s great work....
Sayanogorsk (Russia)
...deposits. The forests of the republic are exploited for timber. Abakan is the administrative centre. In 1989 one of Russia’s largest hydroelectric stations was completed on the Yenisey near Sayanogorsk, with a generating capacity of 6,400 megawatts. The station was built to provide power for major industrial development in the Minusinsk Basin. Area 23,900 square miles (61,900 square......
Sayansky Khrebet (mountains, Asia)
large upland region lying along the frontiers of east-central Russia and Mongolia. Within Russia the mountains occupy the southern parts of the Krasnoyarsk kray (territory) and Irkutsk oblast (region), the northern part of Tyva (Tuva), and the west of Buryatiya....
Sayão, Bidú (Brazilian singer)
Brazilian coloratura soprano whose technique, personality, and acting ability made her one of the most popular stars of New York City’s Metropolitan Opera in the 1930s and ’40s; in her 236 performances there from 1937 to 1952, she performed 12 roles, including Mimi in La Bohème and the title role in ...
Sayat-Nova (Armenian troubadour)
Armenian troubadour known for his love songs....
Sayce, Archibald H. (British language scholar)
British language scholar whose many valuable contributions to ancient Middle Eastern linguistic research included the first grammar in English of Assyrian....
Sayce, Archibald Henry (British language scholar)
British language scholar whose many valuable contributions to ancient Middle Eastern linguistic research included the first grammar in English of Assyrian....
Sạydā (Lebanon)
ancient city on the Mediterranean coast of Lebanon and the administrative centre of al-Janūb (South Lebanon) muḥāfaẓah (governorate). A fishing, trade, and market centre for an agricultural hinterland, it has also served as the Mediterranean terminus of the Trans-Arabian Pipeline, 1,069 mi (1,720 km) long, from ...
Saye and Sele, William Fiennes, 1st Viscount, 8th Lord Saye and Sele (English statesman)
English statesman, a leading opponent of James I and Charles I in the House of Lords and a supporter of Parliament in the English Civil Wars....
Sayers, Dorothy L. (British writer)
English scholar and writer whose numerous mystery stories featuring the witty and charming Lord Peter Wimsey combined the attractions of scholarly erudition and cultural small talk with the puzzle of detection....
Sayers, Dorothy Leigh (British writer)
English scholar and writer whose numerous mystery stories featuring the witty and charming Lord Peter Wimsey combined the attractions of scholarly erudition and cultural small talk with the puzzle of detection....
Sayers, Gale (American football player)
American gridiron football player who in 1977 became the youngest player ever voted into the Pro Football Hall of Fame. Though knee injuries shortened his career, Sayers showed in his seven seasons that he was one of the most elusive running backs in the history of the National Football League (NFL)....
Sayers, Gale Eugene (American football player)
American gridiron football player who in 1977 became the youngest player ever voted into the Pro Football Hall of Fame. Though knee injuries shortened his career, Sayers showed in his seven seasons that he was one of the most elusive running backs in the history of the National Football League (NFL)....
Sayers, Gayle (American football player)
American gridiron football player who in 1977 became the youngest player ever voted into the Pro Football Hall of Fame. Though knee injuries shortened his career, Sayers showed in his seven seasons that he was one of the most elusive running backs in the history of the National Football League (NFL)....
Sayers, Tom (English boxer)
boxer who participated in the first international heavyweight championship match and was one of England’s best-known 19th-century pugilists....
Sayf ad-Dīn Ghāzī I (Zangid ruler)
...After Zangī’s death in 1146, his sons divided the state between them, Syria falling to Nureddin (Nūr ad-Dīn Maḥmūd; reigned 1146–74) and al-Jazīrah to Sayf ad-Dīn Ghāzī I (reigned 1146–49). Nureddin’s expansionist policy led him to annex Damascus (1154), subjugate Egypt (1168), and present a broad and com...
Sayf al-Dawlah (Ḥamdānid ruler)
ruler of northern Syria who was the founder and the most prominent prince of the Arab Ḥamdānid dynasty of Aleppo. He was famous for his patronage of scholars and for his military struggles against the Greeks....
Sayf al-Dawlah Abū al-Ḥasan ibn Ḥamdān (Ḥamdānid ruler)
ruler of northern Syria who was the founder and the most prominent prince of the Arab Ḥamdānid dynasty of Aleppo. He was famous for his patronage of scholars and for his military struggles against the Greeks....
Sayf Allāh (Arab Muslim general)
one of the two generals (with ʿAmr ibn al-ʿĀṣ) of the enormously successful Islamic expansion under the Prophet Muhammad and his immediate successors, Abū Bakr and ʿUmar....
Sayf dynasty (African history)
African trading empire ruled by the Sef (Sayf) dynasty that controlled the area around Lake Chad from the 9th to the 19th century. Its territory at various times included what is now southern Chad, northern Cameroon, northeastern Nigeria, eastern Niger, and southern Libya....
Sayf ibn Sulṭān (imam of Oman)
...with Pate, the imam of Oman sailed to East Africa with a fleet of more than 3,000 men to lay siege to Mombasa. Although Fort Jesus was reinforced, the great Portuguese stronghold finally fell to Sayf ibn Sulṭān in December 1698. A few years later Zanzibar, the last of Portugal’s allies in Eastern Africa, also fell to the imam....
Sayida (Lebanon)
ancient city on the Mediterranean coast of Lebanon and the administrative centre of al-Janūb (South Lebanon) muḥāfaẓah (governorate). A fishing, trade, and market centre for an agricultural hinterland, it has also served as the Mediterranean terminus of the Trans-Arabian Pipeline, 1,069 mi (1,720 km) long, from ...
Sayings and Doings (work by Hook)
...of public money: in 1817, when some £12,000 was found to have been stolen, Hook, although guilty only of negligence, was recalled, tried, and imprisoned. The success in 1824 of his Sayings and Doings, tales with a fashionable setting, each illustrating a proverb, was such that he extended their three volumes to nine in 1828. From 1824 to 1841 he wrote a series of fictional......
sayl al-ʿarim (Islam)
...in it in the 5th and 6th centuries ad. Its final destruction, perhaps by earthquake or volcanic eruption, took place possibly in the 7th century. As the “flood of Arim” (Arabic sayl al-ʿarim), it is mentioned in the Qurʾān (Koran); sometimes translated “the flood of the dike” or the “bursting of the dike,” it is...
Sayle, Alexei (British comedian)
...folksinger from Glasgow who achieved huge popularity in the mid-1970s with his irreverent, high-energy observational stand-up. He was followed in the 1980s by a rush of younger comics, including Alexei Sayle, emcee of the influential Comic Strip club that was a hothouse for new comedy stars in the ’80s; the comedy team of Dawn French and Jennifer Saunders, the latter of whom starred in t...
Sayle, William (British governor of Bermuda)
...Heath, however, made no effort to settle the Bahamas. Nevertheless, in the 1640s the religious disputes among English colonists in Bermuda came to involve the Bahamas. In 1647 Capt. William Sayle, who had twice been governor of Bermuda, took the leadership of an enterprise to seek an island upon which dissidents could worship as they pleased. In July of that year the Company of......
Sayles, John (American director, screenwriter, and actor)
American motion-picture director, screenwriter, novelist, and actor who since the 1980s has been among the most prominent independent filmmakers in the United States. Parlaying his fees as a screenwriter of mainstream Hollywood films into funding for his own ambitious filmmaking projects, Sayles created an oeuvre in which th...
Sayles, Thelma Lucille (American poet)
American poet whose works examine family life, racism, and gender....
Sayn-Wittgenstein, Princess Carolyne (mistress of Liszt)
In February 1847 Liszt met the princess Carolyne Sayn-Wittgenstein at Kiev and later spent some time at her estate in Poland. She quickly persuaded him to give up his career as a virtuoso and to concentrate on composition. He gave his final concert at Yelizavetgrad (Kirovograd) in September of that year. Having been director of music extraordinary to the Weimar court in Germany since 1843, and......
Säynätsalo (Finland)
The single work that epitomizes Aalto’s mature style is perhaps the Säynätsalo town hall group. Modest in scale in its forest setting, it nonetheless asserts a quiet force. Its simple forms are in red brick, wood, and copper, all traditional materials of Finland. Viewing it, a person feels the achievement of a perfect building, in that the essence of the time, the place, the p...
Sayonara (film by Logan [1957])
...Screenplay: Pierre Boulle, Michael Wilson, Carl Foreman for The Bridge on the River KwaiCinematography: Jack Hildyard for The Bridge on the River KwaiArt Direction: Ted Haworth for SayonaraScoring: Malcolm Arnold for The Bridge on the River KwaiSong: “All the Way” from The Joker Is Wild; music by James Van Heusen, lyrics by Sammy CahnHonorary......
Sayornis (bird)
any of three species of New World birds of the family Tyrannidae (order Passeriformes). In North America the best-known species is the Eastern phoebe (Sayornis phoebe), 18 cm (7.5 inches) long, plain brownish gray above and paler below. Its call...
Sayornis nigricans (bird)
...on a ledge, often under a bridge. In the open country of western North America is Say’s phoebe (S. saya), a slightly larger bird with buff-hued underparts. The most widely distributed is the black phoebe (S. nigricans), which occurs near water from the southwestern United States to Argentina. Measuring 16 cm (6.3 inches) long, S. nigricans is slightly smaller than ...
Sayornis phoebe (bird)
any of three species of New World birds of the family Tyrannidae (order Passeriformes). In North America the best-known species is the Eastern phoebe (Sayornis phoebe), 18 cm (7.5 inches) long, plain brownish gray above and paler below. Its call is a brisk “fee-bee” uttered over and over. It makes a mossy nest, strengthened with mud, on a ledge, often under a bridge. In the......
Sayornis saya (bird)
...Its call is a brisk “fee-bee” uttered over and over. It makes a mossy nest, strengthened with mud, on a ledge, often under a bridge. In the open country of western North America is Say’s phoebe (S. saya), a slightly larger bird with buff-hued underparts. The most widely distributed is the black phoebe (S. nigricans), which occurs near water from the southweste...
sayraisin (food)
...percent protein, 2 percent fat, and small amounts of vitamins B1 and B2. In eastern European cookery the hulled kernels, or groats, cooked and served much like rice, are called kasha, and in France they are called sayraisin. Buckwheat flour is unsatisfactory for bread, but it is used in the United States and Canada, alone or mixed with wheat flour, to make griddle.....
Sayram, Lake (lake, Asia)
...glaciers in the eastern part and are characterized by steeply sloping ridges. This range also gradually descends westward, where at an elevation of 6,801 feet (2,073 metres) lies the great undrained Lake Sayram. The Ili depression is bounded to the south by the highest mountains in the central Tien Shan—the Halik Mountains, reaching heights up to 22,346 feet (6,811 metres), and the......
Sayre, Anne Colquhoun (American writer)
American writer whose book Rosalind Franklin and DNA (1975) helped reveal sexism in the scientific community and led to the acknowledgment of Franklin’s contribution to the discovery of the structure of DNA (b. April 10, 1923, Milwaukee, Wis.--d. March 13, 1998, Bridgewater, N.J.)....
Say’s Law of Markets (economics)
Many writers before Keynes raised the question of whether a capitalist economic system, relying as it did on the profit incentive to keep production going and maintain employment, was not in danger of running into depressed states from which the automatic workings of the price mechanism could not extricate it. But they tended to formulate the question in ways that allowed traditional economics......
Say’s phoebe (bird)
...Its call is a brisk “fee-bee” uttered over and over. It makes a mossy nest, strengthened with mud, on a ledge, often under a bridge. In the open country of western North America is Say’s phoebe (S. saya), a slightly larger bird with buff-hued underparts. The most widely distributed is the black phoebe (S. nigricans), which occurs near water from the southweste...
Sayyāb, Badr Shākir al- (Iraqi poet)
A major change in the form of the Arabic poem occurred in the late 1940s, when two Iraqi poets, Nāzik al-Malāʾikah and Badr Shākir al-Sayyāb, almost simultaneously decided to abandon the system of prosody that the critical establishment had for centuries imposed as a principal method of identifying the poetic, choosing to adopt in its place a system that used......
sayyid (Arabic title)
(Arabic: “master,” or “lord”), Arabic title of respect, sometimes restricted, as is the title sharīf, to the Banū Hāshim, members of Muḥammad’s clan; in particular, the descendants of Muḥammad’s uncles al-ʿAbbās and Abū Ṭālib and of ʿAlī ibn Abī Ṭ...
Sayyid, ʿAbd Allah Khan (Mughal minister)
Farrukh-Siyar (ruled 1713–19) owed his victory and accession to the Sayyid brothers, ʿAbd Allāh Khan and Ḥusayn ʿAlī Khan Bāraha. The Sayyids thus earned the offices of vizier and chief bakhshī and acquired control over the affairs of state. They promoted the policies initiated earlier by Ẓulfiq...
Sayyid Ahmad Khan (Muslim scholar)
Muslim educator, jurist, and author, founder of the Anglo-Mohammedan Oriental College at Alīgarh, Uttar Pradesh, India, and the principal motivating force behind the revival of Indian Islām in the late 19th century. His works, in Urdu, include Essays on the Life of Mohammed (1870) and ...
Sayyid Āqā Jalāl ad-Dīn Mīrak al-Ḥasanī (Persian painter)
Persian painter, an admired portraitist and an excellent colourist, who painted in a sumptuous style....
Sayyid ash-Sharīf, as- (Iranian theologian)
leading traditionalist theologian of 15th-century Iran....
Sayyid dynasty (Indian dynasty)
rulers of India’s Delhi sultanate (c. 1414–51) as successors of the Tughluq dynasty until displaced by the Afghan Lodīs. This family claimed to be sayyids, or descendants of the Prophet Muhammad. The central authority of the Delhi sultanate had been fatally weakened by the invas...
Sayyid, Ḥusain ʿAlī Khān Bāraha (Mughal minister)
Farrukh-Siyar (ruled 1713–19) owed his victory and accession to the Sayyid brothers, ʿAbd Allāh Khan and Ḥusayn ʿAlī Khan Bāraha. The Sayyids thus earned the offices of vizier and chief bakhshī and acquired control over the affairs of state. They promoted the policies initiated earlier by Ẓulfiq...
Sayyid Mahdi Ali (Indian political leader)
Sayyid Mahdi Ali (1837–1907), popularly known by his title Mohsin al-Mulk, had succeeded Sayyid Ahmad as leader and convened a deputation of some 36 Muslim leaders, headed by the Aga Khan III, that in 1906 called upon Lord Minto (viceroy from 1905–10) to articulate the special national interests of India’s Muslim community. Minto promised that any reforms enacted by his govern...
Sayyid Muḥammad Raḥīm Bahādur II (Khivan khan)
...(“Amulet of the Lovers”), and continued the writing of Paradise of Felicity. Āgahī also was a major translator of the Persian classics into Chagatai. The khan Sayyid Muḥammad Raḥīm Bahādur II introduced printing to Khiva in 1874, the year of Āgahī’s death. Taking the pen name Firuz, he also wrote verse in ...
Sayyid Murtaḍā az-Zabīd, al- (Muslim philologist)
...Islām. He even attempted to make a comparison of the characteristics of Arabic and Sanskrit poetry and tried to prove that India was the real homeland of Islām. It should be added that al-Sayyid Murtaḍā az-Zabīd (died 1791), a leading philologist, author of the fundamental work of lexicography Tāj al-ʿarūs (“The Bride’...