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Hasdrubal (Carthaginian general [died 207 BC])
Carthaginian general who unsuccessfully attempted to sustain military ascendancy on the Spanish peninsula in the face of Roman attacks....
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Hasdrubal (Greek philosopher)
Greek philosopher, originally from Carthage, who was head of the New Academy of Athens from 127/126 bc. He characterized the wise man as one who suspends judgment about the objectivity of man’s knowledge. He was the pupil and literary exponent of Carneades and asserted, against other philosophers, that Carneades never disclosed a preference for any epistemological doctrine. Hi...
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Hasegawa Tatsunosuke (Japanese author)
Japanese novelist and translator of Russian literature; his Ukigumo (1887–89; “The Drifting Clouds,” translated, with a study of his life and career, by M. Ryan as Japan’s First Modern Novel: Ukigumo of Futabatei Shimei), brought modern realism to the Japanes...
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Hasegawa Tōhaku (Japanese painter)
Japanese painter of the Azuchi-Momoyama period (1574–1600) and the founder of the Hasegawa school of painting or painters....
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Hašek, Dominik (Czech hockey player)
Czech ice hockey goaltender known for his unorthodox goaltending style. Hašek was the only goaltender in National Hockey League (NHL) history to win consecutive Hart Trophy awards as most valuable player (1997–98)....
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Hašek, Jaroslav (Czech writer)
Czech writer best known for his satirical novel The Good Soldier Schweik....
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Hasel, Jan van (Dutch translator)
...themselves in the missionary enterprise among non-Europeans. A pioneer was Albert Cornelius Ruyl, who is credited with having translated Matthew into High Malay in 1629, with Mark following later. Jan van Hasel translated the two other Gospels in 1646 and added Psalms and Acts in 1652. Other traders began translations into Formosan Chinese (1661) and Sinhalese (1739)....
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Haselrig, Sir Arthur, 2nd Baronet (Scottish statesman)
a leading English Parliamentarian from the beginning of the Long Parliament (1640) to the founding of Oliver Cromwell’s Protectorate (1653). He emerged briefly as a powerful figure during the confusion that followed the fall of the Protectorate in 1659....
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Hasenclever, Walter (German writer)
German Expressionist poet and dramatist whose work is a protest against bourgeois materialism and the war-making state....
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hasheesh (drug)
a hallucinogenic drug preparation derived from the resin secreted by the flowering tops of cultivated female hemp plants (Cannabis sativa). More loosely, in Arabic-speaking countries, the term may denote a preparation made from any of various parts of the hemp plant—such as the leaves or drie...
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Hashemite (Islamic history)
any of the Arab descendants, either direct or collateral, of the prophet Muḥammad, from among whom came the family that created the 20th-century Hāshimite dynasty. Muḥammad himself was a member of the house of Hāshim (Hāshem), a subdivision of the Quraysh tribe. The most revered line of Hāshimites passed through Ḥasan...
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Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan
Country, Middle East, southwestern Asia, lying east of the Jordan River....
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Hashiguchi Goyō (Japanese artist)
...romanticized mode. Landscapes and women were the primary subjects. Watanabe Shōsaburō was the publisher most active in this movement. His contributing artists included Kawase Hasui, Hashiguchi Goyō, Yoshida Hiroshi, and Itō Shinsui. Hashiguchi was determined to have complete control over his artistic output, and his tenure as a Watanabe artist was brief. His prints.....
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Hāshim, Banu (Quraysh clan)
Muhammad was born in 570 of the Hāshimite (Banū Hāshim) branch of the noble house of ʿAbd Manāf; though orphaned at an early age and, in consequence, with little influence, he never lacked protection by his clan. Marriage to a wealthy widow improved his position as a merchant, but he began to make his mark in Mecca by preaching the oneness of Allah. Rejected by t...
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Hāshim ibn Ḥākim (Arabian religious leader)
religious leader, originally a fuller (cloth processor) from Merv, in Khorāsān, who led a revolt in that province against the ʿAbbāsid caliph al-Mahdī. Preaching a doctrine combining elements of Islām and Zoroastrianism, al-Muquannaʿ carried on warfare for about three years in the field and for two years longer ...
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Hāshimite (Islamic history)
any of the Arab descendants, either direct or collateral, of the prophet Muḥammad, from among whom came the family that created the 20th-century Hāshimite dynasty. Muḥammad himself was a member of the house of Hāshim (Hāshem), a subdivision of the Quraysh tribe. The most revered line of Hāshimites passed through Ḥasan...
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Hāshimīyah (Islamic sect)
Islamic religiopolitical sect of the 8th–9th century ad, instrumental in the ʿAbbāsid overthrow of the Umayyad caliphate. The movement appeared in the Iraqi city of Kūfah in the early 700s among supporters (called Shīʿites) of the fourth caliph ʿAlī, who believed that succession to ʿAlī’s ...
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Hashimoto disease (pathology)
a noninfectious form of inflammation of the thyroid gland (thyroiditis)....
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Hashimoto Gahō (Japanese painter)
Japanese painter who helped revive Japanese-style painting in the Meiji era....
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Hashimoto Ryūtarō (prime minister of Japan)
Japanese politician, whose election as prime minister in 1996 signaled a return to Liberal Democratic Party (LDP) rule after a brief Socialist regime (1994–95). He left office in 1998 after having failed in his attempts to end a long-lasting economic recession in Japan....
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Hashimoto Sentarō (Japanese painter)
Japanese painter who helped revive Japanese-style painting in the Meiji era....
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Hashimoto thyroiditis (pathology)
a noninfectious form of inflammation of the thyroid gland (thyroiditis)....
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hashish (drug)
a hallucinogenic drug preparation derived from the resin secreted by the flowering tops of cultivated female hemp plants (Cannabis sativa). More loosely, in Arabic-speaking countries, the term may denote a preparation made from any of various parts of the hemp plant—such as the leaves or drie...
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ḥashīshiyyīn (Islamic group)
in Middle Eastern and Asian history, any member of the Nizārī Ismāʿīlīs, a religiopolitical Islamic sect dating from the 11th to the 13th century and known, in its early years, for murdering its enemies as a religious duty. The Arabic name means “hashish smoker,” referring to the Assassins’ alleged practice of taking hashish to induce ...
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Hashr, Agha (Pakistani writer)
The best known playwright of this period is Agha Hashr (1876–1935), a poet-dramatist of flamboyant imagination and superb craftsmanship. Among his famous plays are Sita Banbas, based on an incident from the Rāmāyaṇa; Bilwa Mangal, a social play on the life of a poet, whose blind passion for a prostitute results in remorse; and......
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Ḥashshāsh sect (Islamic group)
in Middle Eastern and Asian history, any member of the Nizārī Ismāʿīlīs, a religiopolitical Islamic sect dating from the 11th to the 13th century and known, in its early years, for murdering its enemies as a religious duty. The Arabic name means “hashish smoker,” referring to the Assassins’ alleged practice of taking hashish to induce ...
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ḥashshāshī (Islamic group)
in Middle Eastern and Asian history, any member of the Nizārī Ismāʿīlīs, a religiopolitical Islamic sect dating from the 11th to the 13th century and known, in its early years, for murdering its enemies as a religious duty. The Arabic name means “hashish smoker,” referring to the Assassins’ alleged practice of taking hashish to induce ...
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Ḥashshāshīn (Islamic group)
in Middle Eastern and Asian history, any member of the Nizārī Ismāʿīlīs, a religiopolitical Islamic sect dating from the 11th to the 13th century and known, in its early years, for murdering its enemies as a religious duty. The Arabic name means “hashish smoker,” referring to the Assassins’ alleged practice of taking hashish to induce ...
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Ḥasi, Tel (archaeological site, Israel)
ancient archaeological site in southwestern Palestine, located southwest of Lachish (Tel Lakhish) in modern Israel. Excavation of the site, carried out in 1890 by Sir Flinders Petrie and in 1892–94 by F.J. Bliss, revealed that the first occupation began about 2600 bc. More important, however, Petrie...
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Hasidean (ancient Jewish sect)
member of a pre-Christian Jewish sect of uncertain origin, noted for uncompromising observance of Judaic Law. The Hasideans joined the Maccabean revolt against the Hellenistic Seleucids (2nd century bc) to fight for religious freedom and stem the tide of paganism. They had no interest in politics as such, and they later withdrew ...
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Ḥasidim (ancient Jewish sect)
member of a pre-Christian Jewish sect of uncertain origin, noted for uncompromising observance of Judaic Law. The Hasideans joined the Maccabean revolt against the Hellenistic Seleucids (2nd century bc) to fight for religious freedom and stem the tide of paganism. They had no interest in politics as such, and they later withdrew ...
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Ḥasidism (modern Jewish religious movement)
charismatic founder (c. 1750) of Ḥasidism, a Jewish spiritual movement characterized by mysticism and opposition to secular studies and Jewish rationalism. He aroused controversy by mixing with ordinary people, renouncing mortification of the flesh, and insisting on the holiness of ordinary bodily existence. He was also responsible for divesting Kabbala (esoteric ......
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Ḥasidism (medieval Jewish religious movement)
(from Hebrew ḥasid, “pious one”), a 12th- and 13th-century Jewish religious movement in Germany that combined austerity with overtones of mysticism. It sought favour with the common people, who had grown dissatisfied with formalistic ritualism and had turned their attention to developing a personal spiritual life, as reflected in the movement’s great work, ...
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hasina (Indonesian religious belief)
The concept of hasina among the Merina (Hova) of central Madagascar is very similar to that of mana. It demonstrates the same aristocratic root character as the word mana, which is derived from the Indonesian manang (“to be influential, superior”)....
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Hasina Wazed, Sheikh (prime minister of Bangladesh)
Bengali politician and leader of the Awami League political party, who as prime minister of Bangladesh (1996–2001; 2009–) has faced increasing political unrest and strong opposition from the Banglades...
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Haskala (Judaic movement)
a late 18th- and 19th-century intellectual movement among the Jews of central and eastern Europe that attempted to acquaint Jews with the European and Hebrew languages and with secular education and culture as supplements to traditional Talmudic studies. Though the Haskala owed much of its inspiration and values to the European Enlightenment, its roots, character, and development were distinctly J...
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Haskalah (Judaic movement)
a late 18th- and 19th-century intellectual movement among the Jews of central and eastern Europe that attempted to acquaint Jews with the European and Hebrew languages and with secular education and culture as supplements to traditional Talmudic studies. Though the Haskala owed much of its inspiration and values to the European Enlightenment, its roots, character, and development were distinctly J...
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Haskins, Charles Homer (American educator)
American educator and a leading medievalist of his generation, known for his critical studies of Norman institutions and the transmission of Greco-Arabic learning to the West....
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Haskins, Don (American college basketball coach)
March 14, 1930Enid, Okla.Sept. 7, 2008El Paso, TexasAmerican college basketball coach who helped bring racial integration to college basketball when in 1966 he started five African American players on his Texas Western College team, and the squad defeated the all-white University of Kentuck...
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Haskins, Donald L. (American college basketball coach)
March 14, 1930Enid, Okla.Sept. 7, 2008El Paso, TexasAmerican college basketball coach who helped bring racial integration to college basketball when in 1966 he started five African American players on his Texas Western College team, and the squad defeated the all-white University of Kentuck...
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Haskovo (Bulgaria)
town, southern Bulgaria. It lies in the northeastern foothills of the Rhodope Mountains. Founded about 1385 at the outset of the Ottoman period, it is located on the Sofia-Istanbul road and is connected by rail with the Belgrade–Sofia–Istanbul trunk rail line. Its populace includes many refug...
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Haslemere (England, United Kingdom)
town (parish), Waverley district, administrative and historic county of Surrey, England. Located in the southwestern corner of Surrey, Haslemere is attractively situated between the sandy heights of Hindhead (895 feet [273 m]) and Blackdown (918 feet), both of which belong to the National Trust. The Dolmet...
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Hasluck, Sir Paul Meernaa Caedwalla (Australian politician)
Australian politician (b. April 1, 1905, Fremantle, Australia--d. Jan. 9, 1993, Perth, Australia), was a respected Cabinet minister and the first serving party politician to be named (1969) governor-general of Australia. Hasluck, who was from a family of Salvation Army officers, obtained a ...
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Hasmonaean dynasty (Judaean dynasty)
dynasty of ancient Judaea, descendants of the Maccabee family. The name derived (according to Josephus, in The Antiquities of the Jews) from the name of their ancestor Hasmoneus (Hasmon), or Asamonaios. In 143 (or 142) bc Simon Maccabeus, son of Mattathias (and broth...
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Hasmonean dynasty (Judaean dynasty)
dynasty of ancient Judaea, descendants of the Maccabee family. The name derived (according to Josephus, in The Antiquities of the Jews) from the name of their ancestor Hasmoneus (Hasmon), or Asamonaios. In 143 (or 142) bc Simon Maccabeus, son of Mattathias (and broth...
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Hasmoneus (Jewish leader)
...against the Syrians, being succeeded by his son Judas Maccabeus. Because, according to Josephus, Mattathias’ great-great-grandfather was called Hasmoneus, the family is often designated Hasmonean rather than Maccabee. ...
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Hasner, Leopold, Ritter von Artha (Austrian prime minister)
economist, jurist, and politician who served as liberal Austrian minister of education (1867–70) and briefly as prime minister (1870)....
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Hass, Robert (American poet and translator)
American poet and translator whose body of work and tenure as poet laureate consultant in poetry (1995–97) reveal his deep conviction that poetry, as one critic put it, “is what defines the self.”...
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Hassaka, Al- (Syria)
town, northeastern Syria. The town lies on the banks of the Khābūr River (a tributary of the Euphrates) at its confluence with the Jaghjaghah. Under the Ottoman Empire it lost its importance, but it revived with the settlement there of Assyrian refugees from Iraq during the French mandate of Syria after 1932. N...
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Hassam, Childe (American painter)
painter and printmaker, one of the foremost exponents of French Impressionism in American art....
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Hassam, Frederick Childe (American painter)
painter and printmaker, one of the foremost exponents of French Impressionism in American art....
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Hassan (India)
city, south-central Karnataka state, southern India. Lying at an elevation of 3,084 feet (940 metres), the city has a cool, humid climate. It dates from the 12th century and is now a trading centre served by a spur line of the railway from Arsikere to Mysore. The city’s industries include several rice mills and engineering and cement ...
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Hassan Abdal (Pakistan)
town, northern Pakistan. The town is a textile and communications centre that is connected by the Grand Trunk Road and by rail with Peshawar and Rawalpindi. It has government colleges affiliated with the University of the Punjab. The Buddhist site of Hasan Abdal, just ea...
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Hassan I (sultan of Morocco)
sultan of Morocco (1873–94), whose policy of internal reforms brought his country a degree of stability previously unknown and who succeeded in preserving the independence of that North African nation....
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Ḥassān ibn al-Nuʿmān (Arab general)
...of these operations are uncertain, but they must have occurred before 688 when Zuhayr ibn Qays himself was killed in an attack on Byzantine positions in Cyrenaica. The second Arab army, commanded by Ḥassān ibn al-Nuʿmān, was dispatched from Egypt in 693. It faced stiff resistance in the eastern Aurès Mountains from the Jawāra Berbers, who were commanded...
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Ḥassān ibn Thābit (Arabian poet)
Arabian poet, best known for his poems in defense of the Prophet Muhammad....
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Hassan II (king of Morocco)
king of Morocco from 1961 to 1999. Hassan was considered by pious Muslims to be a direct descendant of the Prophet Muhammad (Ahl al-Bayt)....
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Hassan II Agriculture and Veterinary Institute (Rabat, Morocco)
...at urban centres throughout the country. Its leading institutions include Muḥammad V University in Rabat, the country’s largest university, with branches in Casablanca and Fès; the Hassan II Agriculture and Veterinary Institute in Rabat, which conducts leading social science research in addition to its agricultural......
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Hassan, Mohammed Abdullah (Somalian leader)
Somali religious and nationalist leader (called the “Mad Mullah” by the British) who for 20 years led armed resistance to the British, Italian, and Ethiopian colonial forces in Somaliland. Because of his active resistance to the British and his vision of a Somalia united in a Muslim brotherhood transcending clan divisions, Sayyid Maxamed is seen as a forerunner of modern Somali natio...
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Hassan, Muhammad Farah (Somalian faction leader)
Somali faction leader. He received military training in Italy and the U.S.S.R. and served in posts under Mohamed Siad Barre (1978–89) before overthrowing him in 1991. He became the dominant clan leader at the centre of the Somalian civil war. Losing the interim presidency to another factional leader, Aydid continued warring on rival clans. When UN and U.S. troops arrived ...
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Hassan, Muhammad ibn al- (king of Morocco)
king of Morocco (1999– )....
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Hassan, Sir Joshua Abraham (Gibraltar politician)
Gibraltarian politician who spent more than 40 years in government; he was especially noted for his leadership in resisting Spain’s claims to the British colony and for instilling a sense of Gibraltarian identity in the colony’s inhabitants (b. Aug. 21, 1915--d. July 1, 1997)....
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Ḥassānī (Mauritanian social class)
In Moorish society the nobles consisted of two types of lineages: ʿarabs, or warriors, descendants of the Banū Ḥassān and known as the Ḥassānīs, and murābiṭ—called “marabouts” by the French and known in their own language as ......
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Ḥassāniyyah (Moorish language)
Arabic is the official language of Mauritania; Fula, Soninke, and Wolof are recognized as national languages. The Moors speak Ḥassāniyyah Arabic, a dialect that draws most of its grammar from Arabic and uses a vocabulary of both Arabic and Arabized Amazigh words. Most of the Ḥassāniyyah speakers are also familiar......
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hassapikos (folk dance)
...ancient Greece served as an exercise of military training until late antiquity, when it degenerated into popular professional entertainment. The hassapikos, or butchers’ dance, of Turkey and ancient and modern Greece—now a communal social dance—was in the Middle Ages a battle mime with......
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Hasse, Ernst (German nationalist)
German nationalist and political leader who turned the General German League (Allgemeiner Deutscher Verband), founded in 1891, into the militantly nationalistic and anti-Semitic Pan-German League (Alldeutscher Verband) in 1894....
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Hasse, Faustina (Italian opera singer)
Italian mezzo-soprano, one of the first great prima donnas, known for her beauty and acting as well as her vocal range and breath control....
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Hasse, Johann Adolph (German composer)
outstanding composer of operas in the Italian style that dominated late Baroque opera....
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Hassel, Odd (Norwegian chemist)
Norwegian physical chemist and corecipient, with Derek H.R. Barton of Great Britain, of the 1969 Nobel Prize for Chemistry for his work in establishing conformational analysis (the study of the three-dimensional geometric structure of molecules)....
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Hasselbach, Karl (Danish biochemist)
...the addition of acids or bases resulting from physiological processes, are known as physiological buffers. The chemical expression developed by Henderson, and modified by the Danish biochemist Karl Hasselbach, to describe these systems, now known as the Henderson-Hasselbach equation, is of fundamental importance to biochemistry....
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Hasselbeck, Matt (American football player)
...as head coach and general manager in 1999. In 2000 the team drafted running back Shaun Alexander and the following year traded for quarterback Matt Hasselbeck, who, along with All-Pro offensive lineman Walter Jones, formed the core of the most successful team in Seahawks’ history...
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Hasselblad, Mother Elisabeth (Catholic nun)
...Reformation, the order was nearly destroyed when its houses were suppressed and confiscated. The modern Sisters of the Most Holy Savior of St. Bridget, founded at Rome in 1911 by Mother Elisabeth Hasselblad, were recognized by the Holy See in 1942 as an offshoot of the ancient order. Its members are contemplatives whose prayer life is directed to the reunion of all......
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Hasselburg, Frederick (Australian sealer)
...coast falls steeply away. Although the island is treeless, its slopes and coastal flats are covered by heavy vegetation, and there are a few small glacial lakes. The island was sighted in 1810 by Frederick Hasselburg, an Australian sealer, who named it for Lachlan Macquarie, then governor of New South Wales. A meteorologic and geologic......
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Hasselquist, Tufve Nilsson (Swedish minister)
...United States by Norwegian and Swedish immigrants in 1860 in Jefferson Prairie, Wisconsin, as the Scandinavian Augustana Evangelical Lutheran Synod. Tufve Nilsson Hasselquist, an ordained minister in the Church of Sweden, was the first president. It took its name from ......
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Hasselt (Belgium)
capital of Limburg province, northeastern Belgium. It lies along the Demer River near the Albert Canal, northwest of Liège. For centuries it has been a centre of administration, a market town, and a home of distilleries (the gin called Hasselt Spirit is sti...
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Hasselt, André Henri Constant van (Belgian poet)
Romantic poet whose career influenced the “Young Belgium” writers’ efforts to establish an identifiable French-Belgian literature in the late-19th century....
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Hasselt, André van (Belgian poet)
Romantic poet whose career influenced the “Young Belgium” writers’ efforts to establish an identifiable French-Belgian literature in the late-19th century....
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Hassenpflug, Hans Daniel Ludwig Friedrich (German politician)
pro-Austrian Hessian politician whose reactionary, anticonstitutional policies earned him the nickname “Hessenfluch” (“Curse of Hesse”)....
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Hassett, Arthur Lindsay (Australian cricketer)
Australian cricketer (b. Aug. 28, 1913, Geelong, Victoria, Australia--d. June 16, 1993, Bateman’s Bay, New South Wales, Australia), was one of his country’s finest batsmen for more than two decades and was Don Bradman’s successor (1949) as captain of the Australia Test side. Hassett first showed his styl...
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Hassi Messaoud (oil field, Algeria)
major oilfield, east-central Algeria. The field lies in the Grand Erg (sand dunes) Oriental of the Sahara. The Hassi Messaoud oilfield, discovered in 1956, has a generally north-south axis, and the reservoirs are sandstones of the Paleozoic Era. In 1979 Hassi Messaoud’s oil...
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Hassi RʾMel (Algeria)
town, containing one of the world’s major natural-gas fields (discovered in 1956), north-central Algeria. It lies 37 miles (60 km) northwest of Ghardaïa. It is also an intermediate stage on the natural-gas and oil pipelines running from Hassi Messaoud to the northern Algeria coastal cities of Arzew, Algiers, a...
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hassium (chemical element)
an artificially produced element belonging to the transuranium group, atomic number 108. It was synthesized and identified in 1984 by West German researchers at the Institute for Heavy Ion Research (Gesellschaft für Schwerionenforschung [GSI]) in Darmstadt. On the basis of its position in the ...
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Hassler, Hans Leo (German composer)
outstanding German composer notable for his creative expansion of several musical styles....
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“hässliche Herzogin, Die” (work by Feuchtwanger)
...Also in 1918 he founded a literary journal, Der Spiegel. His first historical novel was Die hässliche Herzogin (1923; The Ugly Duchess), about Margaret Maultasch, duchess of Tirol. His finest novel, Jud Süss (1925; also published as Jew......
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Hasso, Signe (Swedish actress)
Swedish-born actress (b. Aug. 15, 1910, Stockholm, Swed.—d. June 7, 2002, Los Angeles, Calif.), appeared in a wide variety of moderately successful (often villainous) roles in European and American films, beginning with Tystnadens hus (1933) in her native Sweden. In 1942 she moved to Hollywood, where her movies included Heaven Can Wait (1943), The Seventh Cross (1944), ...
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Hasso, Signe Eleonora Cecilia Larsson (Swedish actress)
Swedish-born actress (b. Aug. 15, 1910, Stockholm, Swed.—d. June 7, 2002, Los Angeles, Calif.), appeared in a wide variety of moderately successful (often villainous) roles in European and American films, beginning with Tystnadens hus (1933) in her native Sweden. In 1942 she moved to Hollywood, where her movies included Heaven Can Wait (1943), The Seventh Cross (1944), ...
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Hassuna (ancient city, Iraq)
ancient Mesopotamian town located south of modern Mosul in northern Iraq. Excavated in 1943–44 by the Iraqi Directorate of Antiquities, Hassuna was found to represent a rather advanced village culture that apparently spread throughout northern Mesopotamia. At Hassuna itself, six layers of houses were uncovered, each progressively more substantial. Large clay vessels sunk into the ground we...
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Hassuna Period (archaeology)
...houses were uncovered, each progressively more substantial. Large clay vessels sunk into the ground were used for grain storage, and bread was baked in domed ovens. Characteristic of the so-called Hassuna period (c. 5750–c. 5350 bc) was a large, oval dish with a corrugated or pitted inner surface that was probably used as a husking tray. Husking-tray fragments...
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Ḥassūna-Sāmarrāʿ Period (archaeology)
...“Sāmarrāʾ ware,” which seems to have been brought in or made by craftsmen who originally migrated from what is now Iran. These levels, occupied during the so-called Hassuna-Sāmarrāʾ period (c. 5350–c. 5050 bc), are identified with a culture restricted to the area of the middle Tigris and Euphrates rivers....
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Ḥassūnah, ʿAbd al-Khāliq (Egyptian diplomat)
Egyptian diplomat who was secretary-general of the Arab League (1952–72) and a skillful mediator, particularly during the international crisis that ensued after Egyptian President Gamal Abdel Nasser nationalized the Suez Canal in 1956 and during the difficulties surrounding the independence of Kuwait in 1961....
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Ḥassūnah, Muḥammad ʿAbd al-Khāliq (Egyptian diplomat)
Egyptian diplomat who was secretary-general of the Arab League (1952–72) and a skillful mediator, particularly during the international crisis that ensued after Egyptian President Gamal Abdel Nasser nationalized the Suez Canal in 1956 and during the difficulties surrounding the independence of Kuwait in 1961....
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hasta (weapon)
...the close of the 2nd century bc, the Romans found the Greek-style phalanx suitable for fighting in the plains of Latium. The basic weapon for this formation was a thrusting spear called the hasta; from this the heavy infantry derived its name, hastati, retaining it even after Rome abandoned the phalanx for the mo...
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Hastināpura (archaeological site, India)
...of present-day Delhi. The Kuru-Pancala, still dominant in the Ganges–Yamuna Doab area, were extending their control southward and eastward; the Kuru capital had reportedly been moved from Hastinapura to Kaushambi when the former was devastated by a great flood, which excavations show to have occurred about the 9th century bce. The Mallas lived in eastern ......
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Hastings (district, England, United Kingdom)
borough (district), administrative county of East Sussex, historic county of Sussex, England. The old port of Hastings, premier among the medieval Cinque Ports, has developed in modern times as a seaside resort. Prehistoric earthworks and the ruins of a medieval castle crown Castle Hill,...
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Hastings (Minnesota, United States)
city, seat (1857) of Dakota county, southeastern Minnesota, U.S. It lies on the Mississippi River where it is joined by the St. Croix River, about 20 miles (30 km) southeast of St. Paul. Part of the city extends across the Mississippi into Washington county. Sioux Indians were early inhabitants of the ar...
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Hastings (Nebraska, United States)
city, seat (1878) of Adams county, south-central Nebraska, U.S. The city lies along the West Fork Big Blue River, about 100 miles (160 km) west of Lincoln. Pawnee were living in the area when it was visited by explorers John C. Frémont and Kit Carson in 1842. Founded in 1872 at the junction of the Bu...
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Hastings (England, United Kingdom)
...Channel ports in southeastern England, formed to furnish ships and men for the king’s service. To the original five ports—Sandwich, Dover, Hythe, New Romney, and Hastings—were later added the “ancient towns” of Winchelsea and Rye with the privileges of “head ports.” More than 30 other towns in the counties of Kent and Sussex ...
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Hastings (New Zealand)
city (“district”), eastern North Island, New Zealand. It lies on the Heretaunga Plains, near Hawke Bay. The area’s first European settlers arrived in 1864 to take up land leased from the local Maoris. The settlement was linked to the island’s rail system by 1873 and was named af...
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Hastings, Battle of
(Oct. 14, 1066), battle that ended in the defeat of Harold II of England by William, duke of Normandy, and established the Normans as the rulers of England....
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Hastings, Francis Rawdon-Hastings, 1st marquess of, 2nd earl of Moira (British colonial administrator)
British soldier and colonial administrator. As governor-general of Bengal, he conquered the Maratha states and greatly strengthened British rule in India....
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