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Hot Springs (Arkansas, United States)
resort, spa, city, and seat (1874) of Garland county, central Arkansas, U.S. It lies just north of the Ouachita River at the eastern edge of the Ouachita Mountains and the Ouachita National Forest. Hot Springs National Park is intertwined with the northern portion of the city....
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Hot Springs (South Dakota, United States)
city, seat (1882) of Fall River county, southwestern South Dakota, U.S. It lies along the Fall River in a canyon walled by red rocks, in the southern Black Hills, about 50 miles (80 km) south of Rapid City. Sioux and Cheyenne India...
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Hot Springs (New Mexico, United States)
city, seat (1937) of Sierra county, southwestern New Mexico, U.S. It lies along the Rio Grande, east of the Black Range in Gila National Forest, 60 miles (97 km) north-northwest of Las Cruces....
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Hot Springs National Park (park, Arkansas, United States)
National park, central Arkansas, U.S. Established in 1921, it occupies an area of 9 square mi (23 sq km). It is centred on 47 thermal springs, from which more than 850,000 gallons (3,200,000 litres) of water, with an average temperature of 143 °F (62 °C), f...
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Hot Springs State Park (park, Wyoming, United States)
...Greek thermos, “hot,” and polis, “city,” for the nearby Big Horn Hot Springs (within present-day Hot Springs State Park), which are among the world’s largest, with an outflow of 18,600,000 gallons (70,400,000 litres) a day and a water......
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hot-air balloon (aircraft)
Hot-air balloons may be used for short flights at low altitudes or taken on “long jumps,” using stronger winter winds to travel hundreds of kilometres at altitudes of up to about 3 km (2 miles). Gas balloons can stay aloft for several days and travel a thousand kilometres or more. Indeed, combination hot-air and gas balloons have crossed continents and oceans and even circled the......
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hot-air blast (metallurgy)
Scottish inventor who introduced the use of a hot-air blast instead of a cold-air blast for the smelting of iron, thus greatly advancing the technology of iron production....
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hot-air dehydration
...driven off, leaving a stable food that has a moisture content below that at which microorganisms can grow. There are three basic systems for dehydration: sun drying, such as that used for raisins; hot-air dehydration; and freeze-drying....
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hot-air engine
...of these machines stimulated speculation about alternative sources of power, and in at least one case achieved a success the full consequences of which were not completely developed. This was the hot-air engine, for which a Scotsman, Robert Stirling, took out a patent in 1816. The hot-air engine depends for its power on the expansion and displacement of air inside a cylinder, heated by the......
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hot-blast stove (metallurgy)
apparatus for preheating air blown into a blast furnace, an important step in raising the efficiency of iron processing. Preheated air was first used by James Beaumont Neilson in 1828 in Glasgow, but not until 1860 did the Englishman Edward Alfred Cowper invent the first successful hot-b...
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hot-dip galvanizing (industrial process)
Zinc may be applied by two general methods: hot dipping and electrolytic deposition....
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hot-dip process (industrial process)
Zinc may be applied by two general methods: hot dipping and electrolytic deposition....
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hot-melt adhesive (adhesive)
Hot-melt adhesives are employed in many nonstructural applications. Based on thermoplastic resins, which melt at elevated temperatures without degrading, these adhesives are applied as hot liquids to the adherend. Commonly used polymers include polyamides, polyesters, ethylene-vinyl acetate, polyurethanes, and a variety of block copolymers......
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hot-rolling (industrial process)
...is the most widely used method of shaping metals and is particularly important in the manufacture of steel for use in construction and other industries. Rolling may be done while the steel is hot (hot-rolling) or cold (cold-rolling). The process consists of passing the metal between pairs of rollers revolving at the same speed but in opposite directions and spaced so that the distance between.....
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hot-smoking
...smokehouses that expose the fish to smoke from smoldering wood or sawdust. In cold-smoking the temperature does not exceed 29° C (85° F), and the fish is not cooked during the process. Hot-smoking is more common and is designed to cook the fish as well as to smoke it....
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hot-spot volcano (geology)
Some volcanic phenomena occur at large distances from plate boundaries (for example, on the Hawaiian Islands or at Yellowstone National Park in the western continental United States). Also, as noted above, volcanism is especially intense at some parts of the mid-ocean ridge system (as......
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hot-water heating
Water is especially favoured for central-heating systems because its high density allows it to hold more heat and because its temperature can be regulated more easily. A hot-water heating system consists of the boiler and a system of pipes connected to radiators, piping, or other heat emitters located in rooms to be heated. The pipes, usually of steel or copper, feed hot water to radiators or......
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hot-wire anemometer
The fact that a stream of air will cool a heated object (the rate of cooling being determined by the speed of the airflow) is the principle underlying the hot-wire anemometer. An electrically heated fine wire is placed in the airflow. As the airflow increases, the wire cools. In the most common type of hot-wire anemometer, the constant-temperature type, power is increased to maintain a constant......
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hot-working (metallurgy)
...will be consumed by the growth of a set of new, strain-free grains. For this reason, a metal is usually rolled, extruded, drawn, of forged above its recrystallization temperature. This is called hot working, and under these conditions there is virtually no limit to the compressive plastic strain to which the metal can be subjected....
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Hotaka, Mount (mountain, Japan)
...Range as a whole is characterized by rugged landforms dissected by deep river gorges. The highest peaks are found near the centre of the range, where Mount Yariga rises to 10,433 feet (3,180 m) and Mount Hotaka to 10,466 feet (3,190 m). Cirques (deep, steep-walled basins) and moraines (glacial deposits of earth and stones) occur in the higher levels of several major peaks....
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Hotaka-dake (mountain, Japan)
...Range as a whole is characterized by rugged landforms dissected by deep river gorges. The highest peaks are found near the centre of the range, where Mount Yariga rises to 10,433 feet (3,180 m) and Mount Hotaka to 10,466 feet (3,190 m). Cirques (deep, steep-walled basins) and moraines (glacial deposits of earth and stones) occur in the higher levels of several major peaks....
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Hotaki (people)
Mīr Vays Khan governed Kandahār until his death in 1715. In 1716 the Abdālīs (Durrānī) of Herāt, encouraged by his example, took up arms against the Persians and under their leader, Asad Allāh Khan, succeeded in liberating their province. Maḥmūd, Mīr Vays’s young son and successor, was not content with holding Kand...
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Hotan (China)
oasis town, southwestern Uygur Autonomous Region of Xinjiang, far western China. Hotan forms a county-level city and is the administrative centre of the Hotan prefecture (diqu), which administers a string of counties based on the oases along the southern edge of the Takla Makan Desert....
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Hotan River (river, China)
The general slope of the plain is from south to north, and the rivers running off from the Kunlun Mountains flow in that direction. The Hotan and Keriya river valleys have survived up to the present day, but most of the shallower rivers have been lost in the sands, after which their empty valleys were filled by wind-borne sand....
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Hotan rug
floor covering handwoven in or about the ancient city of Khotan (Hotan) in the southern Uygur Autonomous Region of Xinjiang (Chinese Turkistan). Khotan rugs were once called ...
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hotar (Vedic priest)
author of the Āśvalāyana-śrauta-sūtra, Vedic manual of sacrificial ceremonies composed for the use of the class of priests called hotar, or hotṛ, whose main function was to invoke the gods. Belonging to the “forest tradition” of hermits and wandering holy men rather than to that of the priesthood,......
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“Hotaru” (film by Kawase)
Kawase’s films continued to attract critical acclaim. The love story Hotaru (2000; Firefly) won both the FIPRESCI Prize and the CICAE (International Confederation of Art Cinemas) Prize at the Locarno (Switz.) International Film Festival. She returned to documentary filmmaking with Tsuioku no dansu (2003; Letter from a Yellow Cherry Blossom), which chronicled the....
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hotaru ebi (crustacean)
The limpet Latia neritoides, found in streams around Auckland, N.Z., is the only strictly freshwater luminous form known. The so-called firefly shrimp (hotaru ebi) is found in Lake Suwa, Japan, but the light is from luminous bacteria that infect the shrimp and kill it in about 24 hours....
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hotbed
...of tropical ferns, bromeliads, economic plants of the tropics or near-tropics, many cacti and other succulents, African violets, and begonias. Hotbeds as well as greenhouses serve for starting seedling plants that are to be set outdoors as soon as the weather is warm enough....
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hotbox detector
Among other automatic aids to railroad operation is the infrared “hotbox detector,” which, located at trackside, detects the presence of an overheated wheel bearing and alerts the train crew. The modern hotbox detector identifies the location in the train of the overheating and, employing synthesized voice recording, radios the details to the train crew. Broken flange detectors are.....
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Hotchkiss (French car)
Other motorcars of this type included the Hispano-Suiza of Spain and France; the Bugatti, Delage, Delahaye, Hotchkiss, Talbot (Darracq), and Voisin of France; the Duesenberg, Cadillac, Packard, and Pierce-Arrow of the United States; the......
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Hotchkiss, Benjamin Berkeley (American engineer)
In 1881 the British Admiralty advertised for an anti-torpedo-boat gun to fire cased ammunition at a rate of 12 shots per minute. Benjamin Berkeley Hotchkiss, an American ordnance engineer with a factory in Paris, produced a series of one-, three-, and six-pounder rapid-fire guns that vastly increased the rate of fire for small guns....
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Hotchkiss, Hazel Virginia (American athlete)
American tennis player who dominated women’s competition before World War I. Known as the “queen mother of American tennis,” she was instrumental in organizing the Wightman Cup match between British and American women’s team...
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Hotchkiss machine gun
originally a big-bore, hand-cranked, rapid-fire weapon developed in 1878 by Benjamin B. Hotchkiss (1826–85), a U.S. ordnance engineer with a factory in Paris. It was first used by the French army in 1896....
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Hotea language
North Bahnaric language of the Mon-Khmer family, which is itself a part of the Austroasiatic stock. Sedang is spoken by some 110,000 people living in south-central Vietnam. The Tadrah language, spoken south of Sedang in the same region, may be a dialect but is usually considered a separate language. ...
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Hoteang language
North Bahnaric language of the Mon-Khmer family, which is itself a part of the Austroasiatic stock. Sedang is spoken by some 110,000 people living in south-central Vietnam. The Tadrah language, spoken south of Sedang in the same region, may be a dialect but is usually considered a separate language. ...
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Hotei (Japanese mythology)
in Japanese mythology, one of the Shichi-fuku-jin (“Seven Gods of Luck”). This popular figure is depicted frequently in contemporary crafts as a cheerful, contented Buddhist monk with a large exposed belly, often accompanied by children. Tradition relates...
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hotel
building that provides lodging, meals, and other services to the traveling public on a commercial basis. A motel performs the same functions as a hotel but in a format designed for travelers using automobiles....
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Hôtel Biron (museum, Paris, France)
museum in Paris, France, showcasing the sculptures, drawings, and other works of the French artist Auguste Rodin and based in the Hôtel Biron....
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Hotel California (album by the Eagles)
...they started out as a country rock outfit but mutated into the definitive guitar-based soft rock group whose songs mostly celebrated “takin’ it easy” but occasionally dug deeper—Hotel California (1976) was an unexpectedly sardonic take on the hedonistic lifestyle of Los Angeles in the 1970s. Those lampooned by the album’s title song were sometimes its m...
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hotel china (pottery)
...high strength and impact resistance and also for low water absorption—all deriving from the high glass content. Typical products include hotel china, a lower grade of china tableware with a strength and impact resistance suiting it to commercial use; fine china (including bone......
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Hotel Colorado (historical site, Glenwood Springs, Colorado, United States)
...Roaring Fork Campus–Spring Valley was founded in Glenwood Springs in 1965. The Old West gunfighter Doc Holliday, who died of tuberculosis in 1887, is buried in the city’s Pioneer Cemetery. The Hotel Colorado (1893), now on the National Register of Historic Places, was a favourite hunting retreat of President Theodore Roosevelt...
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Hôtel de Beauvais (building, Paris, France)
...architect to the king’s buildings in 1644. He then designed the Chapelle de Port-Royal (begun 1646), an austere building that suited Jansenist sobriety. He was commissioned in 1654 to design the Hôtel de Beauvais on the rue François Miron in Paris. This is considered his masterwork because of his ingenious treatment of the irregular building site, in which no side of the......
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Hôtel de Bourgogne, Théâtre de l’ (theatre, Paris, France)
the first permanent theatre in Paris, built in 1548 on the ruins of the palace of the dukes of Burgundy. The theatre was built by the Confrérie de la Passion (“Confraternity of the Passion”), a group of artisans and tradesmen who held a monopoly on the presentation of plays in the city. The long and narrow theatre had a small playing area that was further re...
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Hôtel de Brunoy (building, Paris, France)
...produced a number of curious and revolutionary projects. Of his several Paris townhouses, or hôtels, the Hôtel de Monville of about 1770 and the Hôtel de Brunoy of 1772 deserve mention. The former has a central facade featuring giant Ionic pilasters divided by sculptured panels and the latter a giant Ionic colonnade flanked by arcaded.....
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Hôtel de Monville (building, Paris, France)
...of his contemporaries but who after that date produced a number of curious and revolutionary projects. Of his several Paris townhouses, or hôtels, the Hôtel de Monville of about 1770 and the Hôtel de Brunoy of 1772 deserve mention. The former has a central facade featuring giant Ionic pilasters divided by sculptured panels and the......
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Hôtel de Soubise (building, Paris, France)
Excellent examples of French Rococo are the Salon de M. le Prince (completed 1722) in the Petit Château at Chantilly, decorated by Jean Aubert, and the salons (begun 1732) of the Hôtel de Soubise, Paris, by Germain Boffrand. The Rococo style was also manifested in the decorative arts. Its asymmetrical forms and rocaille ornament were quickly adapted to silver and porcelain, and......
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Hôtel de Ville (building, Paris, France)
Back in the city centre, the Hôtel de Ville (City Hall) is situated on the Right Bank, just across from the eastern end of the Île de la Cité. It contains the official apartments of the mayor of Paris. Three city halls have stood on the site of the present building, each grander than its predecessor. The first was the House of Pillars (Maison aux Piliers), used by the......
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Hôtel de Ville (building, Poitiers, France)
...over the tomb of St. Hilary of Poitiers, the first known bishop of Poitiers, and was restored in the 19th century. The 12th-century former ducal palace has been incorporated into the 19th-century Hôtel de Ville, which houses the Museum of Fine Arts that contains a collection of Roman and medieval sculptures....
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Hôtel de Ville, Place de l’ (plaza, Le Havre, France)
Almost three quarters of Le Havre’s buildings were destroyed during World War II but were subsequently rebuilt. The Place de l’Hôtel de Ville in the centre is one of the most spacious public squares in Europe. The 16th–17th-century Church of Notre-Dame is one of the few surviving old buildings; although damaged during World War II, it was restored in the 1970s. The Chur...
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hotel dieu (medieval hospital, France)
in France, any medieval hospital; the name now refers only to those whose history goes back to the Middle Ages. Many examples from the Gothic period still remain, notably that of Angers (1153–84), the so-called salle des morts at Ourscamp (early 13th century), and that of Tonnerre (c. 1300)....
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Hôtel du Nord (film by Carné)
...qui rapporte (1930; “A Dog That Fetches”) and played minor film roles for many years. Finally, when Marcel Carné cast her as the prostitute who longed for a better life, in Hôtel du Nord (1938), she achieved star status. Similar roles in Carné’s Le Jour se lève (1939; Daybreak) and Les Visiteurs du soir (1942; ...
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Hôtel Saint-Fiacre (building, Paris, France)
French coach for hire, named for the Hôtel Saint-Fiacre, in Paris, where it was introduced in the 1640s. The first fiacres were boxlike, four-wheeled, open, hooded vehicles that were drawn by three horses and were designed to navigate the muddy Parisian streets. In 1794 about 800 were in use in Paris, and by the 19th century there were more than 1,500. The 19th-century fiacre resembled......
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Hôtel Tassel (building, Brussels, Belgium)
Trained at the Académie des Beaux-Arts in Brussels, 1876–81, Horta became a pupil of the Neoclassical architect Alphonse Balat. His first independent building, the four-storied Hôtel Tassel in Brussels (1892–93), was among the first continental examples of Art Nouveau, although it incorporated Neo-Gothic and Neo-Rococo stylistic elements. An important feature was its......
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Hotel, The (novel by Bowen)
...in Italy, Bowen began writing short stories at 20. Her first collection, Encounters, appeared in 1923. It was followed in 1927 by The Hotel, which contains a typical Bowen heroine—a girl attempting to cope with a life for which she is unprepared. The Last September (1929) is an autumnal picture of the......
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Hôtel Van Eetvelde (building, Brussels, Belgium)
...in Paris, by Frantz Jourdain (1847–1935). The Art Nouveau architect’s preference for the curvilinear is especially evident in the Brussels buildings of the Belgian Baron Victor Horta. In the Hôtel Van Eetvelde (1895) he used floral, tendrilous ornaments, while his Maison du Peuple (1896–99) exhibits undulating enclosures of space. Decorative exploitation of the archi...
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hôtel-dieu (medieval hospital, France)
in France, any medieval hospital; the name now refers only to those whose history goes back to the Middle Ages. Many examples from the Gothic period still remain, notably that of Angers (1153–84), the so-called salle des morts at Ourscamp (early 13th century), and that of Tonnerre (c. 1300)....
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Hôtel-Dieu de St. Joseph (hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada)
...is still in operation although not at its original location. In 1644 Jeanne Mance, a French noblewoman, built a hospital of ax-hewn logs on the island of Montreal; this was the beginning of the Hôtel-Dieu de St. Joseph, out of which grew the order of the Sisters of St. Joseph, now considered to be the oldest nursing group organized in North America. The first hospital in the territory......
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Hôtel-Dieu du Précieux Sang (hospital, Quebec, Canada)
...in Mexico City in 1524 by Cortés; the structure still stands. The French established a hospital in Canada in 1639 at Quebec city, the Hôtel-Dieu du Précieux Sang, which is still in operation although not at its original location. In 1644 Jeanne Mance, a French noblewoman, built a hospital of ax-hewn logs on the island.....
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Hotelier (Korean television series)
Bae returned to acting in 2001, starring in the television series Hotelier. The story of a businessman who had everything he wanted except someone with whom to share it, Hotelier was a smash in Korea and drew a following throughout Asia. Its wide-ranging popularity was one of the early signs of an emerging Korean presence in the Asian......
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Hoth, Hermann (German general)
...flank of the larger German drive into the oil fields of the Caucasus. To this end, in July 1942 the German 4th Panzer Army, commanded by Gen. Hermann Hoth, after being diverted to the south to help in an attack on Rostov, was redirected toward Stalingrad. By the end of August, the 4th Army’s northeastward advance against the city was...
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Hotham, William (British admiral)
...of Bastia and Calvi, where a French shot flung debris into Nelson’s face, injuring his right eye and leaving it almost sightless. At the end of 1794, Hood was replaced by the uninspiring Admiral William Hotham, who was subsequently replaced by Sir John Jervis, an officer more to Nelson’s liking. At the age of 60, Jervis was an immensely experienced seaman who quickly recognized Ne...
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hothouse (horticulture)
...Boston ferns, coleuses, and many kinds of ferns and of cacti and other succulents are suited to such temperatures. In a tropical greenhouse, or hothouse, which has nighttime temperatures of 60–70 °F (16–21 °C), caladiums, philodendrons, begonias, gardenias, poinsettias, bougainvilleas, passionflowers, and many ki...
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Hotman, François (French jurist)
French jurist and one of the most learned of humanist scholars, who took a leading part in the legal, political, and religious controversies of his time....
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Hotman, François, sieur De Villiers Saint-Paul (French jurist)
French jurist and one of the most learned of humanist scholars, who took a leading part in the legal, political, and religious controversies of his time....
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Hōtoku (Japanese religious movement)
semireligious movement among Japanese peasants initiated in the 19th century by Ninomiya Sontoku, who was known as the “peasant sage.” He combined an eclectic, nonsectarian ethic of cooperation and mutual help with practical economic measures such as crop ro...
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Hotomanus, Franciscus (French jurist)
French jurist and one of the most learned of humanist scholars, who took a leading part in the legal, political, and religious controversies of his time....
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Hototogisu (Japanese literary magazine)
Through his friend Kawahigashi Hekigotō, he became acquainted with the renowned poet Masaoka Shiki and began to write haiku poems. In 1898 Takahama became the editor of Hototogisu, a magazine of haiku that was started by Shiki. He and Kawahigashi, the two outstanding disciples of Shiki, became pitted against each other after Shiki’s death....
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“Hototogisu” (novel by Tokutomi)
...years as a writer for his brother’s publications, but he began going his own way in 1900 on the strength of the success of his novel Hototogisu (1898; “The Cuckoo”; Eng. trans. Namiko), a melodramatic tale of tragic parental interference in a young marriage. Shizen to jinsei (1900; “Nature and Man”), a series of nature sketches, and the......
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hotpot (cooking)
...tree ears (a type of mushroom), black mushrooms, and fresh bamboo shoots and peanuts. Chongqing is renowned for its distinctive huoguo (“hotpot”), a style of cooking in which portions of vegetables and meat are cooked at the table in a chafing dish filled with a spicy soup base....
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hotṛ (Vedic priest)
author of the Āśvalāyana-śrauta-sūtra, Vedic manual of sacrificial ceremonies composed for the use of the class of priests called hotar, or hotṛ, whose main function was to invoke the gods. Belonging to the “forest tradition” of hermits and wandering holy men rather than to that of the priesthood,......
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hotspot (ecology)
In the 1990s a team of researchers led by British environmental scientist Norman Myers identified 25 terrestrial “hot spots” of the world—25 areas on land where species with small geographic ranges coincide with high levels of modern human activity (see the map). Originally these hot spots encompassed about 17 million square km (6.6 million square miles) of the roughly ...
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Hotspur (fictional character)
...He learns that Owen Glendower, the Welsh chieftain, has captured Edmund Mortimer, the earl of March, and that Henry Percy, known as Hotspur, son of the earl of Northumberland, has refused to release his Scottish prisoners until the king has ransomed Mortimer. Henry laments that his own son is not like the fearless Hotspur. As the......
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Hotspur (English rebel)
English rebel who led the most serious of the uprisings against King Henry IV (reigned 1399–1413). His fame rests to a large extent on his inclusion as a major character in William Shakespeare’s Henry IV....
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Hotta Masatoshi (Japanese statesman)
statesman who began his career as an adviser to the fourth Tokugawa shogun of Japan, Ietsuna (shogun 1651–80), when he was still heir apparent....
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Hotta Masayoshi (Japanese statesman)
Japanese statesman who negotiated the commercial treaty that established trade between the United States and Japan, thus opening that country to commerce with the outside world for the first time in two centuries....
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Hotte, Massif de la (mountains, Haiti)
...Dominican Republic. It rises to 8,773 feet (2,674 metres) at Mount Selle, the highest point in the country. The range’s western extension on the southern peninsula is called the Massif de la Hotte (Massif du Sud), which rises to 7,700 feet (2,345 metres) at Macaya Peak. The Cayes Plain lies on the coast to the southeast of the peak....
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Hottentot (people)
any member of a people of southern Africa whom the first European explorers found in areas of the hinterland and who now generally live either in European settlements or on official reserves in South Africa or Namibia. Khoekhoe (meaning “men of ...
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hottentot bread (plant)
an odd-looking twining plant of the yam family (Dioscoreaceae), characterized by a large, woody, and partially exposed tuber. It is native to semiarid areas in southern Africa. The tubercle-covered tuber, resembling an ...
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Hottentot languages
a subgroup of the Khoe language family, one of three branches of the Southern African Khoisan languages. Two main varieties have been distinguished: the first includes the extinct South African languages !Ora and Gri (click for an audio clip of !Ora) ...
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Hottentot teal (bird)
...of the U.S. Also found in North America is the cinnamon teal (A. cyanoptera), a richly coloured reddish bird with a blue wing patch. The Hottentot teal (A. punctata) of Africa is quite tame and frequently remains immobile among vegetation even when shots are fired nearby. Teal are primarily herbivorous, although animal foods.....
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Hotteterre, Jacques (French musician)
French musician, teacher, and musical-instrument maker....
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Hotteterre, Jacques-Martin (French musician)
French musician, teacher, and musical-instrument maker....
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Hottinger, Johann Konrad (German artist)
The brotherhood’s original members were six Vienna Academy students. Four of them, Friedrich Overbeck, Franz Pforr, Ludwig Vogel, and Johann Konrad Hottinger, moved in 1810 to Rome, where they occupied the abandoned monastery of Sant’Isidoro. There they were joined by Peter von Cornelius, Wilhelm von Schadow, and others who at various times were associated with the movement. They soo...
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Hotzen Forest (forest, Germany)
...contributing to the forest’s enchanting, if somewhat foreboding, scenery. The highest point is the Feldberg, which rises to 4,898 feet (1,493 metres). The Black Forest edges into the Hotzen Forest (Hotzenwald) in the south, where many lakes and reservoirs feed numerous power stations. Fruit is grown in valleys cutting into the western escarpment, most commonly grapes, plums, and cherries...
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Hötzendorf, Franz, Graf Conrad von (Austrian military strategist)
a controversial military strategist and one of the most influential conservative propagandists of Austria-Hungary, who planned the Habsburg monarchy’s campaigns during World War I....
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Hotzenwald (forest, Germany)
...contributing to the forest’s enchanting, if somewhat foreboding, scenery. The highest point is the Feldberg, which rises to 4,898 feet (1,493 metres). The Black Forest edges into the Hotzen Forest (Hotzenwald) in the south, where many lakes and reservoirs feed numerous power stations. Fruit is grown in valleys cutting into the western escarpment, most commonly grapes, plums, and cherries...
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Hou Chi (Chinese mythology)
in Chinese mythology, Lord of Millet Grains, who was worshiped for the abundant harvests that he graciously provided for his people. The Chinese honoured him not only for past favours but in the hope that devotion to the deity would guarantee continued blessings. An old tradition explained that Hou Chi was miraculously conceived when his childless mother stepped on the toeprint of a god. The child...
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Hou Chin (Manchu dynasty [1616–1644])
...was identified by a coloured flag that was yellow, white, blue, or red, either plain or with a border design. Originally there were four, then eight, Manchu banners; new banners were created as the Manchu conquered new regions, and eventually there were Manchu, Mongol, and Chinese banners, eight for each ethnic group. By 1648 less than......
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Hou Han dynasty (Chinese history [947-51])
...China and carried him into captivity, thus ending the 10-year Hou Jin dynasty. The following year a former Hou Jin general who also bore the name of Gaozu (personal name Liu Zhiyuan) founded the Hou (Later) Han dynasty and pushed the Khitan back into Inner Asia. But this regime lasted only four years before still another general usurped the throne, founding the Hou (Later) Zhou dynasty.......
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Hou I (Chinese mythology)
the Lord Archer of Chinese mythology, whose prowess with a bow earned him undying fame. With his bow and arrow he saved the moon during an eclipse and rescued the country from a variety of plagues, one of which involved a wind monster who was wreaking havoc across the land. Hou I is also said to have shot down 9 of 10 suns (o...
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Hou Jin dynasty (Chinese history [936-946/947])
...was finally terminated when one of its generals, Gaozu (personal name Shi Jingtang), overthrew his master with the aid of the Khitan, a seminomadic people of Inner Asia, and Gaozu established the Hou (Later) Jin dynasty. When Gaozu’s son attempted to halt his tribute payments to the Khitan in 946, they reinvaded North China and carried him into captivity, thus ending the 10-year Hou Jin....
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Hou Liang dynasty (Chinese history [907-923])
The first of the five dynasties was the Hou (Later) Liang, which was established by the rebel leader Zhu Wen after he usurped the Tang throne in 907. Zhu was murdered by his own son in 912, and the Hou Liang was overthrown by one of its generals, Zhuangzong (personal name Li Cunxu), who established the......
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Hou Liang dynasty (Chinese history [555-587])
By the late 580s Wendi’s state was stable and secure enough for him to take the final step toward reunifying the whole country. In 587 he dethroned the emperor of the Hou (Later) Liang, the state that had ruled the middle Yangtze valley as a puppet of the Bei Zhou since 555. In 589 he overwhelmed the last southern dynasty, the Chen, which had put up only token resistance. Several rebellions...
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Hou Liang Taizu (emperor of Later Liang dynasty)
Chinese general who usurped the throne of the last emperor of the Tang dynasty (618–907) and proclaimed himself the first emperor of the Hou (Later) Liang dynasty (907–923)....
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Hou Shu (ancient kingdom, China)
...in China, mainly in the south: the Wu (902–937), the Nan (Southern) Tang (937–975/976), the Nan Ping (924–963), the Chu (927–951), the Qian (Former) Shu (907–925), the Hou (Later) Shu (934–965), the Min (909–945), the Bei (Northern) Han (951–979), the Nan Han (917–971), and the Wu-Yue (907–978), the last located in China...
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Hou Tang dynasty (Chinese history)
...by his own son in 912, and the Hou Liang was overthrown by one of its generals, Zhuangzong (personal name Li Cunxu), who established the Hou (Later) Tang dynasty in 923. Although Zhuangzong and his successors ruled relatively well for 13 years, the Hou Tang was finally terminated when one of its generals, Gaozu (personal name Shi......
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Hou T’u (Chinese mythological deity)
by Wu Ti, a Han-dynasty emperor. Hou T’u as sovereign earth became identified with the dual patron deity of the soil and harvest, She Chi, and so received sacrifices under this title. In any case, it was the god of the soil who became personified in the person of Kou Lung, a hero related to ...
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Hou Tu (Chinese mythological deity)
by Wu Ti, a Han-dynasty emperor. Hou T’u as sovereign earth became identified with the dual patron deity of the soil and harvest, She Chi, and so received sacrifices under this title. In any case, it was the god of the soil who became personified in the person of Kou Lung, a hero related to ...
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Hou T’u Nai-nai (Chinese mythological deity)
...emperors and empresses. In the latter part of the 14th century Hou T’u was, for no clear reason, transformed into a female deity. Modern temples thus enshrine the image of a woman who is known as Hou T’u Nai-nai. ...
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