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false trevally (fish)
...fin spines weak. Moderate to large body size; about 40 species, most in shallow seas of tropics and temperate zone.Family Lactariidae (false trevallies)Miocene to present. Moderately deep-bodied, laterally compressed; mouth large, oblique; eyes large; pectorals pointed; 2 dorsal fins separated; an...
false truffle (fungus)
...some boletes, earthballs, puffballs, and false truffles. Most members are saprobic, primarily found on the wood of fallen trees or in the soil at the base of trees. Examples of genera are Rhizopogon (150 species widespread in North America) and Boletus....
false twayblade (orchid genus)
any member of either of two genera of orchids, family Orchidaceae: Liparis and Listera. Liparis, also known as false twayblade, with about 320 species, is distributed worldwide. Each plant has broad, paired leaves, and most have dull-coloured, purplish flowers borne in a terminal spike. The flowers of the large twayblade (Liparis lilifolia) of eastern North America......
false twisting (fibre manufacturing)
One popular texturizing process is false-twisting. In this technique, twist is inserted into a heated multifilament yarn running at high speed. The yarn is cooled in a highly twisted state, so that the twist geometry is set, and then the yarn is untwisted. Untwisting leaves filaments that are still highly convoluted, allowing the production of a textured yarn of much greater volume than the......
false vampire bat (mammal)
any of certain bats of the Old World genera Megaderma, Cardioderma, and Macroderma (family Megadermatidae) and the New World genera Vampyrum and Chrotopterus (family Phyllostomatidae), conspicuous because of their large size and originally thought to feed on blood, as do the true vampire bats. Th...
false vocal cord (anatomy)
The ventricular folds, located just above the vocal cords, are sometimes termed false vocal cords because they are not involved in voice production....
false-cord voice (medicine)
...with a mirror. The false cords close tightly during each sphincter action for swallowing; when this primitive mechanism is used for phonation, it causes the severe hoarseness of false-cord voice (ventricular dysphonia)....
falsehood (logic)
...as their values.) Hence they are often called propositional variables. It is assumed that every proposition is either true or false and that no proposition is both true and false. Truth and falsity are said to be the truth values of propositions. The function of an operator is to form a new proposition from one or more given propositions, called the arguments of the operator. The......
Falsen, Christian Magnus (Norwegian politician)
nationalist political leader, generally regarded as the author of the Norwegian constitution....
falsetto (vocal music)
the upper register of the human voice, the opposite of chest voice. Though sometimes considered synonymous with head voice, the Italian term falsetto means “false soprano” and therefore has been used traditionally to describe only the adult male’s head voice, w...
falsework (construction)
temporary construction to support arches and similar structures while the mortar or concrete is setting or the steel is being joined. As soon as the work is set, the centring is carefully removed; this process is called striking the centring. The same method is used in building brick sewers. The name centring originated from the primary use in centred arches, but the same term is applied to the us...
falsifiability, criterion of (philosophy of science)
in the philosophy of science, a standard of evaluation of putatively scientific theories, according to which a theory is genuinely scientific only if it is possible in principle to establish that it is false. The British philosopher Sir Karl Popper (1902–94) proposed the criterion...
falsity (logic)
...as their values.) Hence they are often called propositional variables. It is assumed that every proposition is either true or false and that no proposition is both true and false. Truth and falsity are said to be the truth values of propositions. The function of an operator is to form a new proposition from one or more given propositions, called the arguments of the operator. The......
falsobordone (music)
musical texture prevalent during the late Middle Ages and early Renaissance, produced by three voices proceeding primarily in parallel motion in intervals corresponding to the first inversion of the triad. Only two of the three parts were notated, a plainchant melody together with the lowest voice a sixth below (as e below c′); occasion...
Falstaff (opera by Verdi)
...The Merry Wives of Windsor, strengthened with passages adapted from the Henry IV plays, into the perfect comic libretto, Falstaff, which Verdi set to miraculously fresh and mercurial music (and this time with fewer delays). This, his last dramatic work, produced at La Scala in 1893, avenged the cruel failure of....
Falstaff Inn (inn, Canterbury, England, United Kingdom)
The British and German custom was to have the windows opening outward. A medieval English example exists at the Falstaff Inn, Canterbury, Kent, Eng., with casement windows below fixed windows, or lights, all composed of small leaded panes. The French casement commonly has two meeting leaves that open inward, requiring careful craftsmanship to prevent weather from penetrating them. These French......
Falstaff, Sir John (fictional character)
one of the most famous comic characters in all English literature, who appears in four of Shakespeare’s plays. Entirely the creation of Shakespeare, Falstaff is said to have been partly modeled on Sir John Oldcastle, a soldier and the martyred leader of the Lollard sect. Indeed, Shakespeare had orig...
Falster (island, Denmark)
island, Denmark. It lies in the Baltic Sea and is connected to southern Zealand (Sjælland) and Lolland by several bridges. Its southern tip, Gedser Odde, is Denmark’s most southerly point. Closely associated with Zealand and Lolland islands socially and ag...
faltboat (watercraft)
...to be propelled by a sail, and some aluminum and molded plastic canoes are made with square sterns to accommodate outboard motors. The introduction of the faltboat (German: Faltboot, “folding boat”) early in the 20th century greatly extended the use of the kayak for canoeists who did not live near water but who could easily transport the folded craft to water....
Faltboot (watercraft)
...to be propelled by a sail, and some aluminum and molded plastic canoes are made with square sterns to accommodate outboard motors. The introduction of the faltboat (German: Faltboot, “folding boat”) early in the 20th century greatly extended the use of the kayak for canoeists who did not live near water but who could easily transport the folded craft to water....
Faltings, Gerd (German mathematician)
German mathematician who was awarded the Fields Medal in 1986 for his work in algebraic geometry....
Fältskog, Agnetha (Swedish singer)
...Ulvaeus (b. April 25, 1945Gothenburg, Swed.), and vocalists Agnetha Fältskog (b. April 5, 1950Jönköping, Swed.) and Anni-Frid......
“falu jegyzője, A” (work by Eötvös)
...intended it as a criticism of feudalism in Hungary. His essays and prose works also advocated a modernized penal code and an end to poverty. A falu jegyzője (1845; The Village Notary, 1850) bitterly satirized old Hungary, and a historical novel about the 16th-century Hungarian peasant rebellion, Magyarország 1514-ben (1847; “Hungary in......
Faludi, Susan (American journalist and author)
American feminist and award-winning journalist and author, known especially for her exploration of the depiction of women by the news media....
Faludy, George (Hungarian poet and journalist)
Hungarian-born poet and journalist (b. Sept. 22, 1910, Budapest, Hung.—d. Sept. 1, 2006, Budapest), was best known for Villon balladái (1937), his lyrical reinterpretations of the verse of 15th-century French balladeer François Villon, and for his autobiographical novel My Happy Days in Hell (1962), which detailed his imprisonment (1950–53) in a labour cam...
Faludy, György (Hungarian poet and journalist)
Hungarian-born poet and journalist (b. Sept. 22, 1910, Budapest, Hung.—d. Sept. 1, 2006, Budapest), was best known for Villon balladái (1937), his lyrical reinterpretations of the verse of 15th-century French balladeer François Villon, and for his autobiographical novel My Happy Days in Hell (1962), which detailed his imprisonment (1950–53) in a labour cam...
Falun (Sweden)
town, capital of the län (county) of Dalarna and major town of the traditional landskap (province) of Dalarna, central Sweden. It lies along the Falu River, which links Runn and Varpan lakes....
Falun Gong (religion)
controversial Chinese spiritual movement founded by Li Hongzhi in 1992; its adherents exercise ritually to obtain mental and spiritual renewal. The teachings of Falun Gong draw from the Asian religious traditions of Buddhism, Taoism, Confucianism, and Chinese folklore as well as those of Western New Age movements...
Falundafa (religion)
controversial Chinese spiritual movement founded by Li Hongzhi in 1992; its adherents exercise ritually to obtain mental and spiritual renewal. The teachings of Falun Gong draw from the Asian religious traditions of Buddhism, Taoism, Confucianism, and Chinese folklore as well as those of Western New Age movements...
Falungong (religion)
controversial Chinese spiritual movement founded by Li Hongzhi in 1992; its adherents exercise ritually to obtain mental and spiritual renewal. The teachings of Falun Gong draw from the Asian religious traditions of Buddhism, Taoism, Confucianism, and Chinese folklore as well as those of Western New Age movements...
Falwell, Jerry (American minister)
American religious leader, televangelist, and founder of the Moral Majority, a political organization for the promotion of conservative social values....
falx cerebelli (anatomy)
...the falx cerebri, is a sickle-shaped partition lying between the two hemispheres of the brain. Another, the tentorium cerebelli, provides a strong, membranous roof over the cerebellum. A third, the falx cerebelli, projects downward from the tentorium cerebelli between the two cerebellar hemispheres. The outer portion of the dura mater over the brain serves as a covering, or periosteum, of the.....
falx cerebri (anatomy)
The anterior cranial fossa shows a crestlike projection in the midline, the crista galli (“crest of the cock”). This is a place of firm attachment for the falx cerebri, a subdivision of dura mater that separates the right and left cerebral hemispheres. On either side of the crest is the cribriform (pierced with small holes) plate of the ethmoid bone, a midline bone important as a......
fama (Bambara chief)
...a great extent intermingled with other tribes, and there is no centralized organization. Each small district, made up of a number of villages, is under a dominant family that provides a chief, or fama. The fama has considerable powers but must defer to a council of elders....
Fama (classical mythology)
in Greco-Roman mythology, the personification of popular rumour. Pheme was more a poetic personification than a deified abstraction, although there was an altar in her honour at Athens. The Greek poet Hesiod portrayed her as an evildoer, easily stirred up but impossible to quell. The Athenian orator Aeschines distinguished Popular Rumour (Pheme) from Slander (Sykophantia) and Malice (Diabole). In ...
Fama Fraternitas (document)
in Greco-Roman mythology, the personification of popular rumour. Pheme was more a poetic personification than a deified abstraction, although there was an altar in her honour at Athens. The Greek poet Hesiod portrayed her as an evildoer, easily stirred up but impossible to quell. The Athenian orator Aeschines distinguished Popular Rumour (Pheme) from Slander (Sykophantia) and Malice (Diabole). In ...
famadihana (Malagasy custom)
...customs, particularly those connected with the family tomb and ceremonies showing respect for the family’s ancestors. The most common of these, aside from burial, is the famadihana, in which the bones of the ancestors are removed from the family tomb, wrapped in new lamba especially woven for that purpose, and pl...
Famagusta (Cyprus)
a major port in the Turkish Cypriot-administered portion of northern Cyprus. It lies on the island’s east coast in a bay between Capes Greco and Eloea and is about 37 miles (55 km) east of Nicosia. The port possesses the deepest harbour in Cyprus....
Famagusta Bay (bay, Cyprus)
Between the two ranges lies the Mesaoria Plain (its name means “Between the Mountains”), which is flat and low-lying and extends from Morphou Bay in the west to Famagusta Bay in the east. Roughly in the centre of the plain is Nicosia. The plain is the principal cereal-growing area in the island....
Famatina, Sierra de (mountain, Argentina)
...Sierra de Córdoba. The Pampean Sierras have variable elevations, beginning at 2,300 feet (700 metres) in the Sierra de Mogotes in the east and rising to 20,500 feet (6,250 metres) in the Sierra de Famatina in the west....
Fame (film by Parker [1980])
...his next movie, Midnight Express (1978), a thriller about an American tourist arrested for drug possession in Turkey. He continued to earn praise for such varied films as the blockbuster Fame (1980), which centred on students studying at a high school for the performing arts in New York City; Pink Floyd: The Wall (1982), a musical inspired by the titular.....
"Fame Monster, The" (album by Lady Gaga)
Her second album, The Fame Monster, was released in November 2009 (it was originally conceived as a bonus disc) and almost instantly produced another hit, “Bad Romance.” Other popular singles from the album followed, including “Telephone” (which featured Beyoncé, as did a nine-minute video produced by Jonas Åkerlund starring t...
Fame Studios (recording facility, Florence, Alabama, United States)
Songwriter-engineer-turned-producer Rick Hall set up Fame Studios in Florence in 1961. He recruited his session musicians from a local group—Dan Penn and the Pallbearers—who played on the studio’s first hit, Arthur Alexander’s “You Better Move On.” Atlanta-based publisher Lowery Music provided regular work, and, after Jerry Wexler of Atlantic Records broug...
"Fame, The" (album by Lady Gaga)
...songs for other pop artists such as Fergie, the Pussycat Dolls, and Britney Spears, was signed by the singer Akon and Interscope Records and began preparing her debut album, The Fame, which was released in 2008....
Famenne depression (geographical region, Belgium)
...of Late Devonian rocks and time. Famennian time spans the interval between 374.5 million and 359.2 million years ago. The name of the Famennian Stage is derived from the region of Famenne in southern Belgium, which has served historically as the type district....
Famennian Stage (paleontology)
uppermost of the two standard worldwide divisions of Late Devonian rocks and time. Famennian time spans the interval between 374.5 million and 359.2 million years ago. The name of the Famennian Stage is derived from the region of Famenne in southern Belgium, which has served historically as the type district....
Famicom (video game console)
groundbreaking eight-bit video game console created by Japanese designer Uemura Masayuki. The Nintendo console, or Nintendo Entertainment System (NES), was released as the Famicom in Japan on July 15, 1983. The Famicom offered the ability to play popular arcade games such as Donkey Kong on a home ...
Famiglia (work by Ginzburg)
...Natalia Ginzburg’s territory is the family, whether she reminisces about her own (Lessico famigliare [1963; Family Sayings]), handles fictional characters (Famiglia [1977; Family]), or ventures into historical biography (La famiglia Manzoni [1983; The Manzoni Family]). Giovanni Arpino excelled at personal......
“famiglia Manzoni, La” (work by Ginzburg)
...Family Sayings]), handles fictional characters (Famiglia [1977; Family]), or ventures into historical biography (La famiglia Manzoni [1983; The Manzoni Family]). Giovanni Arpino excelled at personal sympathies that cross cultural boundaries (La suora giovane [1959; The Novice] and Il fratello......
Familia (Polish family)
the leading noble family of Poland in the 18th century, eclipsing the rival Potocki family in both power and prestige....
“familia de Pascual Duarte, La” (novel by Cela)
Spanish writer who won the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1989. He is perhaps best known for his novel La familia de Pascual Duarte (1942; The Family of Pascual Duarte) and is considered to have given new life to Spanish literature. His literary production—primarily novels, short narratives, and travel diaries—is characterized by......
familial adenomatous polyposis (pathology)
Two forms of familial colorectal cancer, hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer (HNPCC) and familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP), have also been linked to predisposing mutations in specific genes. Persons with familial HNPCC have inherited mutations in one or more of their DNA mismatch repair genes, predominantly MSH2 or MLH1. Similarly, persons with FAP......
familial adenomatous polyposis coli (pathology)
Two forms of familial colorectal cancer, hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer (HNPCC) and familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP), have also been linked to predisposing mutations in specific genes. Persons with familial HNPCC have inherited mutations in one or more of their DNA mismatch repair genes, predominantly MSH2 or MLH1. Similarly, persons with FAP......
familial amyloid polyneuropathy (disease)
...amyloidosis arises when a genetic mutation that causes the formation of amyloid proteins is inherited. There are multiple forms of hereditary amyloidosis. One of the most common forms is known as familial amyloid polyneuropathy (FAP), which is caused by mutations in a gene designated TTR (transthyretin). Transthyretin protein, produced by the TTR gene, normally.....
familial benign hypercalcemia (medical disorder)
...drugs (used to treat hypertension) and lithium carbonate (used to treat depression). In some cases, serum calcium and serum parathormone concentrations are high as a result of a disorder called familial hypocalciuric hypercalcemia (familial benign hypercalcemia). This disorder is caused by a mutation in the calcium receptor gene that reduces the ability of calcium to inhibit parathormone......
familial Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease
There are three major types of CJD: familial (fCJD), sporadic (sCJD), and acquired (aCJD). Both sCJD and aCJD may be further divided into subtypes. The most common sCJD subtype is sCJDMM1. Subtypes of aCJD include iatrogenic (iCJD) and variant (vCJD) forms of the disease (kuru is sometimes considered a third subtype of aCJD)....
familial disease (pathology)
Further confusion often arises over the terms genetic and familial. A familial disease is hereditary, passed on from one generation to the next. It resides in a genetic mutation that is transmitted by mother or father (or both) through the gametes to their offspring. Not all genetic disorders are familial, however, because the mutation may arise for the first time during the formation of the......
familial disorder (pathology)
Further confusion often arises over the terms genetic and familial. A familial disease is hereditary, passed on from one generation to the next. It resides in a genetic mutation that is transmitted by mother or father (or both) through the gametes to their offspring. Not all genetic disorders are familial, however, because the mutation may arise for the first time during the formation of the......
familial dysautonomia (pathology)
an inherited disorder occurring almost exclusively in Ashkenazic Jews that is caused by abnormal functioning of the autonomic nervous system. Riley-Day syndrome is characterized by emotional instability, decreased tear production, low blood pressure upon standing up (postural hypotension...
familial dysbetalipoproteinemia (medical disorder)
...with familial hypercholesterolemia is homozygous for the condition, severe vascular disease starts in early childhood, and heart attacks are usual by the age of 20. Similar symptoms are present in familial dysbetalipoproteinemia (hyperlipoproteinemia type III), which may be inherited as an autosomal recessive or autosomal dominant condition (that is, if the trait has been inherited from both......
familial high-density lipoprotein deficiency (medical disorder)
...with familial hypercholesterolemia is homozygous for the condition, severe vascular disease starts in early childhood, and heart attacks are usual by the age of 20. Similar symptoms are present in familial dysbetalipoproteinemia (hyperlipoproteinemia type III), which may be inherited as an autosomal recessive or autosomal dominant condition (that is, if the trait has been inherited from both......
familial hypercholesterolemia (medical disorder)
an inherited metabolic disease that is caused by deficiency of the LDL (low-density lipoprotein) receptor on the surface of cells in the liver and other organs. As a result, LDL cholesterol is not moved into the cells and thus remains in the blood, eventually accumulating in deposits o...
familial hypocalciuric hypercalcemia (medical disorder)
...drugs (used to treat hypertension) and lithium carbonate (used to treat depression). In some cases, serum calcium and serum parathormone concentrations are high as a result of a disorder called familial hypocalciuric hypercalcemia (familial benign hypercalcemia). This disorder is caused by a mutation in the calcium receptor gene that reduces the ability of calcium to inhibit parathormone......
familial hypophosphatemia (pathology)
Reabsorption of phosphate by the kidney tubules is deficient in a hereditary disorder known as familial hypophosphatemia; the phosphate leak causes low concentration of blood phosphate and, in turn, deficient mineralization of bone tissue, rickets, and osteomalacia. Familial hypophosphatemia is the most common cause of rickets in Europe and the United States. The basic deficiency is treated......
familial lipoprotein lipase deficiency (medical disorder)
Reabsorption of phosphate by the kidney tubules is deficient in a hereditary disorder known as familial hypophosphatemia; the phosphate leak causes low concentration of blood phosphate and, in turn, deficient mineralization of bone tissue, rickets, and osteomalacia. Familial hypophosphatemia is the most common cause of rickets in Europe and the United States. The basic deficiency is treated.........
familial medullary thyroid carcinoma (pathology)
...is diagnosed with any manifestation of the disorder, the condition is defined as familial MEN2. There are three forms of the disorder: MEN2A (accounting for about 75 percent of affected families), familial medullary thyroid carcinoma (FMTC-only; accounting for 5 to 20 percent of affected families), and MEN2B (accounting for less than 5 percent of affected families)....
familial pancreatic cancer (pathology)
...inherited defects. Some of these cases arise in association with known genetic syndromes, such as Peutz-Jeghers syndrome and hereditary nonpolyposis colon cancer, whereas others are associated with familial pancreatic cancer, which is generally defined as the occurrence of pancreatic cancer in at least one pair of first-degree relatives. Mutations in a gene designated PALLD......
familial periodic paralysis (pathology)
There are two types of periodic paralysis. In hypokalemic periodic paralysis, the level of potassium in the blood falls during the attack, which also can be precipitated by anything that tends to lower the potassium level. Hyperkalemic periodic paralysis, on the other hand, is associated with an increase in the potassium level. An attack may be caused by oral therapy with potassium....
familial polyposis (pathology)
The tendency of some persons to form polyps, benign growths on the inner wall of the colon, is strikingly exemplified in the rare disorder known as familial polyposis, in which the colon may be studded with hundreds or thousands of small polyps. Because a colon that produces so many polyps eventually produces cancers as well, the colon should be removed surgically as soon as the diagnosis is......
familial society (biology)
The costs and benefits of parental care will determine whether parents care for their offspring and the degree to which they are involved. Parental care is expensive in terms of both current and future costs of reproduction, which explains why the majority of animals do not care for their young. Current costs are illustrated by the example of a female guarding a clutch of eggs at the expense of......
familial thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (medical disorder)
...others are associated with drastic reductions leading to severe disease. In contrast, mutations that affect ADAMTS13 cause diseases characterized by excess clotting and have been associated with familial thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura, a rare disorder involving abnormal blood coagulation....
familiar (demon)
in Western demonology, small animal or imp kept as a witch’s attendant, given to her by the devil or inherited from another witch. The familiar was a low-ranking demon that assumed any animal shape, such as a toad, dog, insect, or black cat. Sometimes the familiar was described as a grotesque creature of fantasy, an amalgam of several creatures....
Familiar Lectures on Botany (work by Phelps)
In 1829 Lincoln published a textbook, Familiar Lectures on Botany, which enjoyed wide use and went through nine editions in 10 years. She married John Phelps in 1831. Over the next several years she published Lectures to Young Ladies (1833), Botany for Beginners (1833), Geology for Beginners (1834), Chemistry for Beginners (1834), Natural Philosophy for......
Familiar Letters on Important Occasions (work by Richardson)
...began writing in a modest way. At some point, he was commissioned to write a collection of letters that might serve as models for “country readers,” a volume that has become known as Familiar Letters on Important Occasions. Occasionally he hit upon continuing the same subject from one letter to another, and, after a letter from “a father to a daughter in service, on....
“Familiar Quotations” (work by Bartlett)
American bookseller and editor best known for his Familiar Quotations....
Familie Darner, Die (novel by Lewald)
...with the encouragement of her cousin August Lewald, a journalist and editor. The novels Clementine (1842) and Jenny (1843) describe circumscribed lives built around family virtues. Die Familie Darner, 3 vol. (1888; “The Darner Family”), and Von Geschlecht zu Geschlecht, 8 vol. (1863–65; “From Generation to Generation”), are realisti...
Familie Schroffenstein, Die (novel by Kleist)
After Kleist had abandoned his studies, he went first to Paris and then to Switzerland. There he wrote his first work, the tragedy Die Familie Schroffenstein (1803; “The Schroffenstein Family”), which depicts pathological states with ruthless clarity. Underlying this drama of error is Kleist’s recurring theme, the fallibility of human perception and th...
“Familien paa Gilje” (work by Lie)
...(1883; “The Life Convict,” Eng. trans.One of Life’s Slaves, 1895), which tells of the social misfortunes of a boy born out of wedlock, and Familien paa Gilje (1883; The Family at Gilje, 1920), a novel that deals with the position of women, the most popular question of his day. The latter is a classic of Norwegian literature....
Familiens sorg (work by Vogt)
Vogt was a rebel in a conservative family, and his first novel, Familiens sorg (1889; “A Grief to His Family”), is about youth in rebellion against a social order dominated by old men. The second edition of this novel is notable because the author’s preface bears strong witness to the stifling conservatism of his milieu. He was greatly in sympathy with the workers...
Familists (religious sect)
religious sect of Dutch origin, followers of Hendrik Niclaes, a 16th-century Dutch merchant. Niclaes’ main activity was in Emden, East Friesland (1540–60). In his Evangelium regni, issued in England as A Joyfyl Message of the Kingdom, he invited all “lovers of truth, of w...
Famille Cardinal, La (work by Halévy)
Halévy himself was also a skilled writer of novels and short stories. The best of his fiction includes La Famille Cardinal (1883), a study of lower-class Parisian life during the early years of the Third Republic, and the sentimental novel L’Abbé Constantin (1882), which was a huge success with the public. He was elected to the Académie Française in...
famille jaune (Chinese pottery)
...yellow, blue, red, purple, and green, the latter sometimes used for the ground. The verte palette that uses a yellow ground is famille jaune; the palette that uses a rich greenish black ground is famille noire. Famille verte ware was......
famille noire (Chinese pottery)
...verte palette that uses a yellow ground is famille jaune; the palette that uses a rich greenish black ground is famille noire. Famille verte ware was made largely during the Kangxi period (1661–1722) of the Qing dynasty....
Famille, Pacte de (European history)
any of three defensive alliances (1733, 1743, and 1761) between France and Spain, so called because both nations were ruled by members of the Bourbon family. The Pactes de Famille generally had the effect of involving Spain in European and colonial wars on the side of the French Bourbons (e.g., the Seven Years’ War,...
famille rose (Chinese pottery)
group of Chinese porcelain wares characterized by decoration painted in opaque overglaze rose colours, chiefly shades of pink and carmine. These colours were known to the Chinese as yangcai (“foreign colours”) because they were first introduced from Europe (about 1685). By the time of the reign of Yo...
famille verte (pottery)
group of Chinese porcelain wares characterized by decoration painted in a colour range that includes yellow, blue, red, purple, and green, the latter sometimes used for the ground. The verte palette that uses a yellow ground is famille jaune; the palette that uses a rich greenish black ground is ...
Familles des plantes (work by Adanson)
Adanson’s Familles des plantes (1763) described his classification system for plants, which was much opposed by Carolus Linnaeus, the Swedish botanist who had proposed his own classification system based on the reproductive organs of plants. Adanson’s classification of mollusks, a group that he originally described, was based on anatomical characters. Adanson also introduced t...
family (kinship)
a group of persons united by the ties of marriage, blood, or adoption, constituting a single household and interacting with each other in their respective social positions, usually those of spouses, parents, children, and siblings. The family group should be distinguished from a household, which may incl...
Family (Polish family)
the leading noble family of Poland in the 18th century, eclipsing the rival Potocki family in both power and prestige....
Family (novel by Ba Jin)
...next four years Ba Jin published seven novels, most of them dealing with social concerns and attacking the traditional family system. Most famous of these was the novel Jia (1933; Family). It was the first volume of the autobiographical trilogy Jiliu (“Torrent”), which was completed in 1940 with the publication of the second and third volumes...
family (astronomy)
Within the main belt are groups of asteroids that cluster with respect to certain mean orbital elements (semimajor axis, eccentricity, and inclination). Such groups are called families and are named for the lowest numbered asteroid in the family. Asteroid families are formed when an asteroid is disrupted in a catastrophic collision, the members of the family thus being pieces of the original......
Family (British television miniseries)
...children. The protagonist, 10-year-old Paddy Clarke, fears his classmates’ ostracism, especially after the breakup of his parents’ marriage. In mid-1994 Doyle launched the BBC miniseries Family, which generated heated controversy throughout conservative Ireland. The program shed harsh light on a family’s struggle with domestic violence and alcoholism and por...
Family Allowance Act (Canada [1945])
...and the health and welfare of Canada’s aboriginal population and past and present members of the Canadian armed forces. There are a number of social security and social assistance programs. The Family Allowance Act has been a unique feature of the Canadian social security system since its inception in 1945. The Canada Pension Plan provides retirement, disability, and survivors’ be...
family allowance benefit (social welfare)
These are benefits provided by governments to families with a specified minimum number of children. The benefits may be open to all families, in which case the program is a step in the direction of a guaranteed family income, or they may be provided as supplements to other assistance, especially unemployment benefits....
Family Arsenal, The (novel by Theroux)
...and Saint Jack (1973; film 1979)—centre on the social and cultural dislocation of Westerners in postcolonial Africa and Southeast Asia. His later works of fiction include The Family Arsenal (1976), about a group of terrorists in the London slums; The Mosquito Coast (1982; film 1986), about an American inventor who attempts to create an ideal......
Family Assistance Program (proposed United States legislation)
...a “do-nothing” president, his administration undertook a number of important reforms in welfare policy, civil rights, law enforcement, the environment, and other areas. Nixon’s proposed Family Assistance Program (FAP), intended to replace the service-oriented Aid to Families with Dependent Children (AFDC), would have provided working and nonworking poor families with a guar...
Family at Gilje, The (work by Lie)
...(1883; “The Life Convict,” Eng. trans.One of Life’s Slaves, 1895), which tells of the social misfortunes of a boy born out of wedlock, and Familien paa Gilje (1883; The Family at Gilje, 1920), a novel that deals with the position of women, the most popular question of his day. The latter is a classic of Norwegian literature....
Family Carnovsky, The (novel by Singer)
...Ḥaver Naḥman (“Comrade Naḥman”), a scathing indictment of communism, and then in 1943 by Di mishpoḥe Ḳarnovsḳi (The Family Carnovsky)....
Family Chronicle, The (work by Aksakov)
...story of his grandfather, his parents, and his own childhood, transposed into realistic fiction. This effort resulted in three books that have become classics: Semeynaya khronika (1856; The Family Chronicle), Vospominaniya (1856; “Reminiscences”; Eng. trans. A Russian Schoolboy), and Detskie gody Bagrova-vnuka (1858; Childhood Years of......
Family Circle (American magazine)
An innovation in the 1930s was the store-distributed magazine. One of the first and most successful was Family Circle (founded 1932), given away in Piggly Wiggly supermarkets until 1946, when it was sold as a family monthly. Equally successful were Woman’s Day (founded 1937), published by a subsidiary of the Great Atlantic and Pacific Tea Company, and Better Living...