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camouflage (biology)
in animals, the use of biological coloration to mask location, identity, and movement, providing concealment from prey and protection from predators. Background matching is a type of concealment in which an organism avoids recognition by resembling its background in coloration, form, or movement. In disruptive coloration, the identity and location of an animal may be concealed t...
camouflage (military tactic)
in military science, the art and practice of concealment and visual deception in war. It is the means of defeating enemy observation by concealing or disguising installations, personnel, equipment, and activities. Conventional camouflage is restricted to passive defensive measures. The surface camoufleur, for example, does not try to prevent ...
camp (military)
in military service, an area for temporary or semipermanent sheltering of troops. In most usage the word camp signifies an installation more elaborate and durable than a bivouac but less so than a fort or billet....
cAMP (chemical compound)
A general characteristic of aging of the endocrine system is that the cells that once responded vigorously to hormones become less responsive. A normal chemical in cells, cyclic adenosine monophosphate (AMP), is thought to be a transmitter of hormonal information across cell membranes. It may be possible to identify the specific sites in the membrane or the cell interior at which communication......
CAMP (materials science)
...microchips (less than 0.25 micrometre), shorter wavelengths will be necessary. The problem here is that electromagnetic radiation in such frequency regions is weaker. One solution is to use the chemically amplified photoresist, or CAMP. The sensitivity of a photoresist is measured by its quantum efficiency, or the number of chemical events that occur when a photon is absorbed by the......
Camp Beauregard (military base, Mayfield, Kentucky, United States)
...and grain. Extensive local deposits of ball clay are used for ceramics and china, and other manufactures include telecommunications towers, tires, and air compressors. A monument marks the site of Camp Beauregard (1861), a Confederate base during the American Civil War evacuated (1862) and then captured by Union forces after an epidemic killed more than 1,000 Confederate troops. Inc. 1823.......
camp bed (furniture)
...might well be draped like a tent. In these surroundings, the army commanders of Napoleon’s time could feel like the caesars and consuls of ancient Rome. During a campaign, however, collapsible iron camp beds were more practical. Napoleon owned several and died in one on St. Helena in 1821. As a furniture form, the iron bed was a neutral framework built to support bedclothes and equipped ...
Camp Concentration (novel by Disch)
...that appeared under Moorcock’s editorship were the “condensed novels” of J.G. Ballard that later appeared in The Atrocity Exhibition (1970); Thomas Disch’s Camp Concentration (1968), about an American military camp where political prisoners are subjected to experiments to increase their intelligence; and Brian Aldiss’s ...
Camp David (presidential retreat, Maryland, United States)
rural retreat of U.S. presidents in Catoctin Mountain Park, a unit of the National Park Service on a spur of the Blue Ridge Mountains in Frederick county, northern Maryland, U.S. Camp David lies just west of Thurmont and 64 miles (103 km) northwest of Washington, D.C. The retreat, which comprises a scenic mountainous area of 200 acres (81 he...
Camp David Accords (Egyptian-Israeli history)
agreements between Israel and Egypt signed on Sept. 17, 1978, that led in the following year to a peace treaty between those two countries, the first such treaty between Israel and any of its Arab neighbours. Brokered by U.S. President Jimmy Carter b...
“Camp de la mort lente, Le” (work by Bernard)
Bernard’s nondramatic writings include Le Camp de la mort lente (1944; The Camp of Slow Death), a description of the German concentration camp at Compiègne, in which he, as a Jew, was interned, and Mon ami le théâtre (1958; “My Friend the Theatre”)....
Camp de Thiaroye (film by Sembène)
...Ceddo (1977; “Outsiders”), an ambitious, panoramic account of aspects of African religions, was also in Wolof and was banned in his native Senegal. Camp de Thiaroye (1987; “The Camp at Thiaroye”) depicts an event in 1944 in which French troops slaughtered a camp of rebellious African war veterans. ......
camp fever (pathology)
Epidemic typhus has also been called camp fever, jail fever, and war fever, names that suggest overcrowding, underwashing, and lowered standards of living. It is caused by the bacterium Rickettsia prowazekii and is conveyed from person to person by the body louse, Pediculus humanus humanus. The louse is infected by feeding with its......
Camp Fire Boys and Girls (youth organization)
...in 1910 by Ernest Thompson Seton, it incorporated camping as a major part of its program. Similar emphasis on camping was to be found in the Girl Guides (founded in Great Britain in 1910), the Camp Fire Boys and Girls (U.S., 1910), and the Girl Scouts (U.S., 1912; patterned after the Girl Guides). Most other organizations concerned with young people, such as the Young Men’s Christian......
Camp Fire, Inc. (youth organization)
...in 1910 by Ernest Thompson Seton, it incorporated camping as a major part of its program. Similar emphasis on camping was to be found in the Girl Guides (founded in Great Britain in 1910), the Camp Fire Boys and Girls (U.S., 1910), and the Girl Scouts (U.S., 1912; patterned after the Girl Guides). Most other organizations concerned with young people, such as the Young Men’s Christian......
Camp, Madeleine L’Engle (American author)
American author of imaginative juvenile literature that is often concerned with such themes as the conflict of good and evil, the nature of God, individual responsibility, and family life....
Camp, Marie-Thérèse de (British actress)
English singer, dancer, and actress who married the actor and theatrical manager Charles Kemble....
Camp, Maxime du (French writer and photographer)
French writer and photographer who is chiefly known for his vivid accounts of 19th-century French life. He was a close friend of the novelist Gustave Flaubert....
camp meeting (religion)
type of outdoor revival meeting that was held on the American frontier during the 19th century by various Protestant denominations. Camp meetings filled an ecclesiastical and spiritual need in the unchurched settlements as the population moved west. Their origin is obscure, but historians have generally credited James McGready (c. 1760–1817), a Presbyterian, with inaugurating the fi...
Camp of Slow Death, The (work by Bernard)
Bernard’s nondramatic writings include Le Camp de la mort lente (1944; The Camp of Slow Death), a description of the German concentration camp at Compiègne, in which he, as a Jew, was interned, and Mon ami le théâtre (1958; “My Friend the Theatre”)....
cAMP system (biochemistry)
...One second-messenger system involves the activation by receptor proteins of linking proteins, which move across the membrane, bind to channel proteins, and open the channels. Another system is the cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) system. In this chain reaction, receptor proteins activate linking proteins, which then activate the enzymes that synthesize cAMP. The cAMP molecules activate......
Camp, Walter (American sportsman)
sports authority best known for having selected the earliest All-America teams in American college gridiron football. More important, Camp played a leading role in developing the American game as distinct from rugby football....
Camp, Walter Chauncey (American sportsman)
sports authority best known for having selected the earliest All-America teams in American college gridiron football. More important, Camp played a leading role in developing the American game as distinct from rugby football....
Campa (ancient city, India)
city of ancient India, the capital of the kingdom of Anga (a region corresponding with the eastern part of present-day Bihar state). It is identified with two villages of that name on the south bank of the Ganges (Ganga) River east of Munger....
Campa Arawak (people)
...were sedentary farmers who hunted and fished, lived in small autonomous settlements, and had little hierarchical organization. The Arawak were found as far west as the foothills of the Andes. These Campa Arawak, however, remained isolated from influences of the Andean civilizations....
Campagna di Roma (plain, Italy)
lowland plain surrounding the city of Rome in Lazio (Latium) regione, central Italy. Occupying an area of about 800 square miles (2,100 square km), it is bounded on the northwest by the Tolfa and Sabatini mountains, on the northeast by the Sabini Mountains, on the southeast by the Alban Hills, and on the southwest by ...
Campagna vase
...carried into the 19th century, during which time the flower designs became somewhat overblown, although landscapes remained on a high level. The sets of so-called Campaña vases (more properly Campagna), distantly derived from Italianate copies of the Greek krater, were often decorated with landscapes by the brothers Robert and John Brewer and others. The Brewers were pupils of the......
campagne (equestrian training)
Dressage is generally divided into elementary training (campagne) and the much more advanced haute école. Elementary training consists of teaching the young horse obedience, balance, and relaxation. Starting with the horse on a longe line, or training rope, and then under the saddle, the horse is taught basic and......
Campagnola, Domenico (Italian artist)
Italian painter and printmaker and one of the first professional draftsmen....
Campagnola, Giulio (Italian artist)
Italian painter and engraver who anticipated by over two centuries the development of stipple engraving. Much of his significance derives from this technique: a system of delicate flicks and dots with the engraving tool, by which he achieved subtle nuances in his modeling. His only recognized work consists of his engravings; his mature style was most influenced by the lyrical Ve...
campaign (politics)
...live accounts—often partisan and aimed at niche audiences—would supplement TV viewing for a growing segment of the Internet-user population. The importance of bloggers in the political campaign followed the prominent use of the Internet for political fund-raising. (See Special Report.)...
Campaign 08 (United States government)
On November 4, 2008, after a campaign that lasted nearly two years, Americans elected Illinois senator Barack Obama their 44th president. The result was historic, as Obama, a first-term U.S. senator, became, when he was inaugurated on January 20, 2009, the country’s first African American president. ...
Campaign 2008 (United States government)
On November 4, 2008, after a campaign that lasted nearly two years, Americans elected Illinois senator Barack Obama their 44th president. The result was historic, as Obama, a first-term U.S. senator, became, when he was inaugurated on January 20, 2009, the country’s first African American president. ...
campaign commercial (politics)
Some optimists in the early 1950s saw television as a potentially powerful force in achieving the Jeffersonian ideal of an informed electorate. The medium held the possibility of educating the entire voting population on the candidates’ stance on the issues of the day. Citizens who might never have the chance to listen to a whistle-stop speech or have their hands shaken by a presidential......
campaign finance reform (American politics)
Exploiting a loophole in campaign finance rules, several political newcomers allocated millions from their personal fortunes to gain office, but most lost anyway. Former eBay head Meg Whitman spent a record $142 million in her unsuccessful race for California governor, and former wrestling executive Linda McMahon poured some $50 million into a losing U.S. Senate effort in Connecticut. One......
campaign furniture (furniture)
in Europe, variety of portable furniture made for travel. Most of the surviving examples date from the 19th century and were made for Napoleon’s campaigns; they include such items as small chests, folding seats, and washstands in three tiers resting on metal supports that could be unscrewed so that all the parts could be packed easily....
Campaign of France, 1814 (work by Meissonier)
...his systematic analysis of the movements of horses) links him with the 19th century. Among his major works are Napoleon III at Solferino (1863) and 1814 (1864), both of which celebrate heroic military campaigns, but he also captured the horrors of conflict in works such as Remembrance of Civil War......
Campaign Reform Act (United States [2002])
...courts because the courts lacked a uniform standard for judging and resolving them. Regarding political speech, the court decided in McConnell v. Federal Election Commission that the McCain-Feingold ban on soft money (virtually unlimited and unregulated contributions to political parties) and various restrictions on election-period advertising were constitutionally permissible.......
Campaign, The (work by Fuentes)
...with the early deaths of Puig and Sarduy, they encountered no young rivals of their quality. Fuentes, for instance, published La campaña (1990; The Campaign), an excellent novel about the independence period in Latin America, and Vargas Llosa wrote La fiesta del chivo (2000; The Feast of the......
Campaign, The (poem by Addison)
...leaders to write a poem worthy of the great occasion. Addison was meanwhile appointed commissioner of appeals in excise, a sinecure left vacant by the death of John Locke. The Campaign, addressed to Marlborough, was published on December 14 (though dated 1705). By its rejection of conventional classical imagery and its effective portrayal of Marlborough’s......
Campaigne, Philippe de (French painter)
The influence of the highly Baroque paintings depicting the life of Marie de Médicis that Rubens had executed for the Luxembourg Palace in Paris was small. But Philippe de Campaigne evolved a grave and sober Baroque style that had its roots in the paintings of Rubens and Van Dyck rather than in Italy. Clear lighting and cool colours with an austere naturalism provided an alternative to......
Campaldino, Battle of (Italian history)
(June 11, 1289), in Italian history, a battle between Florence and Arezzo, an episode in the struggles among rival Tuscan towns and in the contest between the Guelfs and Ghibellines (pro-papal and pro-imperial parties in Italy). The battle marked the beginning of the hegemony of the Florentine Guelfs over Tuscany....
Campan, Jeanne-Louise-Henriette Genest (French educator)
preeminent educator of Napoleonic France and champion of a broader curriculum for women students....
campana (musical instrument)
hollow vessel usually of metal, but sometimes of horn, wood, glass, or clay, struck near the rim by an interior clapper or exterior hammer or mallet to produce a ringing sound. Bells may be categorized as idiophones, instruments sounding by the vibration of resonant solid material, and more broadly as percussion instruments....
Campana, Dino (Italian poet)
innovative Italian lyric poet who is almost as well known for his tragic, flamboyant personality as for his controversial writings....
“campaña, La” (work by Fuentes)
...with the early deaths of Puig and Sarduy, they encountered no young rivals of their quality. Fuentes, for instance, published La campaña (1990; The Campaign), an excellent novel about the independence period in Latin America, and Vargas Llosa wrote La fiesta del chivo (2000; The Feast of the......
Campaña, Pedro (Flemish painter)
Flemish religious painter and designer of tapestries, chiefly active in Sevilla, Spain, where he was called Pedro Campaña. By 1537 he had settled in Sevilla and apparently remained there until shortly before 1563, when he was appointed director of the tapestry factory in Brussels. His most important works are in the Sevilla cathedral—the Descent from the Cross...
Campana vase
...carried into the 19th century, during which time the flower designs became somewhat overblown, although landscapes remained on a high level. The sets of so-called Campaña vases (more properly Campagna), distantly derived from Italianate copies of the Greek krater, were often decorated with landscapes by the brothers Robert and John Brewer and others. The Brewers were pupils of the......
Campanella, Campy (American athlete)
American baseball player, a professional National League catcher for the Brooklyn Dodgers, whose career was cut short as a result of an automobile accident....
Campanella, Giovanni Domenico (Italian philosopher and poet)
Italian philosopher and writer who sought to reconcile Renaissance humanism with Roman Catholic theology. He is best remembered for his socialistic work La città del sole (1602; “The City of the Sun”), written while he was a prisoner of the Spanish crown (1599–1626)....
Campanella, Juan José (Argetine film director)
...
campanella, La (work by Paganini)
...the first time. He again became interested in virtuoso technique and resolved to transfer some of Paganini’s fantastic violin effects to the piano, writing a fantasia on his La campanella. At this time he also met Frédéric Chopin, whose poetical style of music exerted a profound influence on Liszt....
Campanella, Roy (American athlete)
American baseball player, a professional National League catcher for the Brooklyn Dodgers, whose career was cut short as a result of an automobile accident....
Campanella, Tommaso (Italian philosopher and poet)
Italian philosopher and writer who sought to reconcile Renaissance humanism with Roman Catholic theology. He is best remembered for his socialistic work La città del sole (1602; “The City of the Sun”), written while he was a prisoner of the Spanish crown (1599–1626)....
Campanella’s City of the Sun (work by Campanella)
In prison Campanella reverted to Roman Catholic orthodoxy and wrote his celebrated utopian work, La città del sole. His ideal commonwealth was to be governed by men enlightened by reason, with every man’s work designed to contribute to the good of the community. Private property, undue wealth, and poverty would be nonexistent, for no man would be permitted more than he needed....
Campanelli, Pauline Eblé (American painter)
American artist (b. Jan. 25, 1943, Bronx, N.Y.—d. Nov. 29, 2001, Pohatcong township, N.J.), painted superrealist still lifes that, while never of much interest to prestigious, expensive galleries and art museums, sold by the thousands through catalogs, furniture stores, and print and poster shops, rivaling only ...
Campani, Alessandro (American baseball executive)
Greek-born American baseball executive whose 44-year career with the Dodgers (in both Brooklyn, N.Y., and Los Angeles), which included the 1981 World Series championship, was ended in 1987 by televised comments in which he opined that blacks did not have managerial ability (b. Nov. 2, 1916, Kos, Greece--d. June 21, 1998, Ful...
Campani, Giuseppe (Italian inventor)
Italian optical-instrument maker who invented a lens-grinding lathe....
Campania (region, Italy)
regione, southern Italy, on the Tyrrhenian Sea between the Garigliano (Lower Liri) River (north) and the Gulf of Policastro (south). The region comprises the provinces of Avellino, Benevento, Caserta, Napoli, and Salerno. Campania is mountainous and hilly, the Neapolitan Apennines in the extreme east giving way to the slightly lower uplands of the Mates...
Campanian Apennines (mountain range, Italy)
...a maximum height of 7,103 feet at Mount Cimone; the Umbrian-Marchigian Apennines, with their maximum elevation (8,130 feet) at Mount Vettore; the Abruzzi Apennines, 9,554 feet at Mount Corno; the Campanian Apennines, 7,352 feet at Mount Meta; the Lucanian Apennines, 7,438 feet at Mount Pollino; the Calabrian Apennines, 6,414 feet at Mount Alto; and, finally, the Sicilian Range, 10,902 feet at.....
Campanian Stage (geology)
fifth of six main divisions (in ascending order) in the Upper Cretaceous Series, representing rocks deposited worldwide during the Campanian Age, which occurred 83.5 to 70.6 million years ago during the Cretaceous Period. Rocks of the Campanian Stage overlie those of the Santonian Stage ...
campaniform organ (insect anatomy)
...For example, contact between the hairs on the feet and the ground inhibits movement and may lead to a state of rest in some insects. Modified mechanical sense organs in the cuticle called campaniform organs detect bending strains in the integument. Such organs exist in the wings and enable the insect to control flight movements. Campaniform organs, well developed in small clublike......
Campanile (tower, Venice, Italy)
The Campanile, separated from the church, was originally begun under the doge Pietro Tribuno (died 912). It was adapted into its present familiar form early in the 16th century. In 1902 it collapsed, but by 1912 it had been rebuilt on its original site....
campanile (architecture)
bell tower, usually built beside or attached to a church; the word is most often used in connection with Italian architecture. The earliest campaniles, variously dated from the 6th to the 10th century, were plain round towers with a few small, round-arched openings grouped near the top. Typical examples of this type stand bes...
campanilismo (sociology)
There is much in such contentions. It would be unwise to play down the overwhelming spirit of campanilismo (local patriotism; the spirit of “our campanile is taller than yours”) during the 14th and 15th centuries. Only a minority of people living at that time could ever have heard the word “Italia,” and loyalties were predominantly....
Campanini, Barberina (dancer)
...festive scenes, and both were praised by the writer and philosopher Voltaire (1694–1778), who carefully compared their respective virtues. Both, however, were surpassed by the Italian dancer Barberina Campanini (1721–99), whose fame is less adequately recorded in dance history. By 1739, she had taken Paris by storm, demonstrating jumps and turns executed with a speed and brillianc...
Campanis, Al (American baseball executive)
Greek-born American baseball executive whose 44-year career with the Dodgers (in both Brooklyn, N.Y., and Los Angeles), which included the 1981 World Series championship, was ended in 1987 by televised comments in which he opined that blacks did not have managerial ability (b. Nov. 2, 1916, Kos, Greece--d. June 21, 1998, Ful...
Campanis, Alexander Sebastian (American baseball executive)
Greek-born American baseball executive whose 44-year career with the Dodgers (in both Brooklyn, N.Y., and Los Angeles), which included the 1981 World Series championship, was ended in 1987 by televised comments in which he opined that blacks did not have managerial ability (b. Nov. 2, 1916, Kos, Greece--d. June 21, 1998, Ful...
campanology (English music)
traditional English art of ringing a set of tower bells in an intricate series of changes, or mathematical permutations (different orderings in the ringing sequence), by pulling ropes attached to bell wheels. On five, six, or seven bells, a peal is the maximum number of permutations (orderings) possible (120, 720, and 5,040, respectively); on more than seven bells, the full extent of possible chan...
Campantar (Hindu poet)
The most important Nāyaṉārs were Appar and Campantar, in the 7th century, and Cuntarar, in the 8th. Appar, a self-mortifying Jain ascetic before he became a Śaiva saint, sings of his conversion to a religion of love, surprised by the Lord stealing into his heart. After him, the term tēvāram (“private worship”) came to mean......
Campanula (plant)
any of about 300 annual, perennial, and biennial herbs that compose the genus Campanula (family Campanulaceae). Bellflowers bear bell-shaped, usually blue flowers. They are native mainly to northern temperate regions, Mediterranean areas, and tropical mountains. Many are cultivated as garden ornamentals....
Campanula americana
Tall bellflower (Campanula americana), native to moist woodlands of North America, has flowering spikes that may reach 2 m (6 feet) high and has saucer-shaped flowers with long, curved styles. Tussock bellflower, or Carpathian harebell (C. carpatica), with lavender to white, bowl-shaped, long-stalked flowers, several to the stem, has many forms. The plants, 15 to 25 cm (6 to 10......
Campanula carpatica (plant)
...bellflower (Campanula americana), native to moist woodlands of North America, has flowering spikes that may reach 2 m (6 feet) high and has saucer-shaped flowers with long, curved styles. Tussock bellflower, or Carpathian harebell (C. carpatica), with lavender to white, bowl-shaped, long-stalked flowers, several to the stem, has many forms. The plants, 15 to 25 cm (6 to 10......
Campanula cochleariifolia (herb)
...with lavender to white, bowl-shaped, long-stalked flowers, several to the stem, has many forms. The plants, 15 to 25 cm (6 to 10 inches) tall, form clumps in eastern European meadows and woodlands. Fairy thimbles (C. cochleariifolia), named for its deep, nodding, blue to white bells, forms loosely open mats on alpine screes. Bethlehem stars (C. isophylla), a trailing Italian......
Campanula isophylla (plant)
...tall, form clumps in eastern European meadows and woodlands. Fairy thimbles (C. cochleariifolia), named for its deep, nodding, blue to white bells, forms loosely open mats on alpine screes. Bethlehem stars (C. isophylla), a trailing Italian species often grown as a pot plant, bears sprays of star-shaped violet, blue, or white flowers. Canterbury bell (C.......
Campanula medium (plant)
...forms loosely open mats on alpine screes. Bethlehem stars (C. isophylla), a trailing Italian species often grown as a pot plant, bears sprays of star-shaped violet, blue, or white flowers. Canterbury bell (C. medium), a southern European biennial, has large pink, blue, or white spikes of cup-shaped flowers. Peach-leaved bellflower (C. persicifolia),......
Campanula persicifolia (plant)
...of star-shaped violet, blue, or white flowers. Canterbury bell (C. medium), a southern European biennial, has large pink, blue, or white spikes of cup-shaped flowers. Peach-leaved bellflower (C. persicifolia), found in Eurasian woodlands and meadows, produces slender-stemmed spikes, 30 to 90 cm tall, of long-stalked, outward-facing bells. Rampion (C.......
Campanula rapunculoides (plant)
...in salads for their biting flavour, produces ascending clusters of long-stalked lilac bells. It has narrow stem leaves and untoothed, broadly oval basal leaves that form a rosette around the stalk. Rover, or creeping, bellflower (C. rapunculoides), a European plant named for its spreading rhizomes, has become naturalized in North America. Throatwort, or bats-in-the- belfry (C.......
Campanula rapunculus (plant species)
...flowers. Peach-leaved bellflower (C. persicifolia), found in Eurasian woodlands and meadows, produces slender-stemmed spikes, 30 to 90 cm tall, of long-stalked, outward-facing bells. Rampion (C. rapunculus), a Eurasian and North African biennial grown for its turniplike roots and leaves, which are eaten in salads for their biting flavour, produces ascending clusters of......
Campanula rotundifolia (plant)
widespread, slender-stemmed perennial of the family Campanulaceae. The harebell bears nodding blue bell-like flowers. It is native to woods, meadows, and cliffsides of northern Eurasia and North America and of mountains farther south. There are more than 30 named wild varieties of ...
Campanula trachelium (plant)
...leaves that form a rosette around the stalk. Rover, or creeping, bellflower (C. rapunculoides), a European plant named for its spreading rhizomes, has become naturalized in North America. Throatwort, or bats-in-the- belfry (C. trachelium), a coarse, erect, hairy Eurasian plant naturalized in North America, bears clusters of lilac-coloured, funnel-shaped flowers. Other common......
Campanulaceae (plant family)
the bellflower family, containing 84 genera and about 2,400 species of mostly herbaceous (nonwoody) plants, many with showy, blue, bell-like flowers. The plants are mainly important as garden ornamentals. They are mostly native to cool, temperate areas but also occur on mountains in tropical regions. There are trees and shrubs as well as the more common herbs. Most have five-par...
Campanus (mathematician)
...importance in these universities were the Arabic-based versions of Euclid, of which there were at least four by the 12th century. Of the numerous redactions and compendia which were made, that of Johannes Campanus (c. 1250; first printed in 1482) was easily the most popular, serving as a textbook for many generations. Such redactions of the Elements were made to help......
Campaspe River (river, Australia)
river in central Victoria, Australia. It rises in the Eastern Highlands 50 miles (80 km) northwest of Melbourne and flows northward past Kyneton, beyond which it is dammed to form the Eppalock Reservoir. It continues past Elmore to enter the Murray River near Echuca after a course of 105 miles (170 km). The river is part of...
Campath (drug)
...Natalizumab attaches to molecules on the cell membrane of lymphocytes, preventing them from entering the central nervous system and attacking nerve cells. Another monoclonal antibody, called Alemtuzumab (Campath), which is used to treat chronic lymphocytic leukemia, also binds to the cell membrane of lymphocytes but works by stimulating antibody-mediated destruction of the cells. In......
Campau, Louis (French explorer)
...Kent county, western Michigan, U.S. It is situated along the Grand River, 25 miles (40 km) east of Lake Michigan and about 30 miles (50 km) southeast of Muskegon. It was founded in 1826 by Frenchman Louis Campau as a trading post where several important Ottawa Indian trails (which are now diagonal streets) converged at the rapids on the Grand River. Ample waterpower generated by the 18-foot......
Campbell, Ada (American comedian)
Canadian-born American comedian and music-hall performer who popularized such songs as “After the Ball” and “A Hot Time in the Old Town.”...
Campbell, Alexander (American clergyman)
American clergyman, writer, and founder of the Disciples of Christ and Bethany College....
Campbell, Andrew (British engineer)
In 1886 Andrew Campbell and James Ash of England built a Nautilus submarine driven by electric motors powered by a storage battery; it augured the development of the submarine powered by internal-combustion engines on the surface and by electric-battery power when submerged....
Campbell, Archibald (Scottish revolutionary leader [1651-1703])
one of the Scottish leaders of the Glorious Revolution (1688–89)....
Campbell, Archibald (Scottish politician [1607-61])
leader of Scotland’s anti-Royalist party during the English Civil Wars between King Charles I and Parliament. He guided his country to a brief period of independence from political and religious domination by England....
Campbell, Archibald (Scottish Protestant leader [1629-85])
Scottish Protestant leader who was executed for his opposition to the Roman Catholic James II of Great Britain and Ireland (James VII of Scotland)....
Campbell, Archibald (Scottish Protestant leader [1532-73])
Scottish Protestant who supported Mary, Queen of Scots....
Campbell, Archibald (British politician [1682-1761])
brother of the 2nd Duke of Argyll, and a prominent politician during the early Hanoverian period in Britain....
Campbell, Avril Phaedra (prime minister of Canada)
Canadian politician, who in June 1993 became the first woman to serve as prime minister of Canada. Her tenure was brief, however, lasting only until November....
Campbell, Bebe Moore (American novelist and essayist)
American novelist and essayist who examined race relations and mental illness in her work....
Campbell, Beck David (American singer-songwriter)
American singer-songwriter who brought Bob Dylan’s embodiment of the hipster folk minstrel into the age of hip-hop and sampling....
Campbell, Bill (American baseball player)
Twenty-four players took immediate advantage of this new opportunity and went on the open market. Frantic bidding by the clubs followed. Bill Campbell, a relief pitcher with the Minnesota Twins, was the first free agent to make a new connection. He signed a four-year, $1 million contract with the Boston Red Sox, which annually paid him more than 10 times his 1976 salary. The free agency......
Campbell, Clementina Dinah (British singer)
British singer and actress who mastered a variety of styles but was best known as the “Queen of Jazz.”...
Campbell, Clive (American disc jockey)
The beginnings of the dancing, rapping, and deejaying components of hip-hop were bound together by the shared environment in which these art forms evolved. The first major hip-hop deejay was DJ Kool Herc (Clive Campbell), an 18-year-old immigrant who introduced the huge sound systems of his native Jamaica to inner-city parties. Using two turntables, he melded percussive fragments from older......