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Orthodox Catholic Church (Christianity)
one of the three major doctrinal and jurisdictional groups of Christianity. It is characterized by its continuity with the apostolic church, its liturgy, and its territorial churches. Its adherents live mainly in the Balkans, the Middle East, and former Soviet countries...
Orthodox Church (Christianity)
one of the three major doctrinal and jurisdictional groups of Christianity. It is characterized by its continuity with the apostolic church, its liturgy, and its territorial churches. Its adherents live mainly in the Balkans, the Middle East, and former Soviet countries...
Orthodox Church in America
ecclesiastically independent, or autocephalous, church of the Eastern Orthodox communion, recognized as such by its mother church in Russia; it adopted its present name on April 10, 1970....
Orthodox Church of Albania
...of the Roman pope until 732. In that year the iconoclast Byzantine emperor Leo III, angered by Albanian archbishops because they had supported Rome in the Iconoclastic Controversy, detached the Albanian church from the Roman pope and placed it under the patriarch of Constantinople. When the Christian church split in 1054 between the East and Rome, southern Albania retained its tie to......
Orthodox Church of Constantinople
early bishop of Constantinople whose views on the nature and person of Christ led to the calling of the Council of Ephesus in 431 and to Nestorianism, one of the major Christian heresies. A few small Nestorian churches still exist. (See also Nestorian.)...
Orthodox Church of Czechoslovakia
autocephalous, or ecclesiastically independent, member of the Eastern Orthodox communion, created in 1951 by the patriarchate of Moscow....
Orthodox Church of Finland
Eastern Orthodox church, recognized as the second state church of Finland. Most of the Orthodox Finns were originally from Karelia, the southeastern part of Finland that was annexed by the Soviet Union in 1940, which was Christianized by Russian monks in the 12th century. The Orthodox are now spread throu...
Orthodox Church of Greece (national church)
the established church of Greece, and one of the most important autocephalous, or ecclesiastically independent, churches of the Eastern Orthodox communion....
Orthodox Church of Poland (Eastern Orthodoxy)
ecclesiastically independent member of the Eastern Orthodox communion, established in 1924 to accommodate the 4,000,000 Orthodox Christians residing in the vast Ukrainian and Byelorussian territories acquired by Poland after World War I. As the new political situation made it difficult for these Orthodox c...
Orthodox Church of Romania
the largest autocephalous, or ecclesiastically independent, Eastern Orthodox church in the Balkans today. It is the church to which the majority of Romanians belong, and in the late 20th century it had a membership of more than 16 million....
Orthodox Confession of the Faith, The (Eastern Orthodoxy)
In reaction to the work of the Jesuits and the Reformed church among the Orthodox, Peter Mogila composed The Orthodox Confession of Faith. It was approved at a provincial synod in 1640 and standardized by the synod of Jerusalem in 1672. By order of the Russian tsar Peter I the Great, a smaller Orthodox catechism was prepared in 1723....
Orthodox Dogmatic Theology (work by Macarius Bulgakov)
Chief among Macarius’ extensive works is Orthodox Dogmatic Theology, 6 vol. (1847–53). Condensed to three volumes and bound as a single handbook in 1868, the work became a popular student manual. Macarius was influenced by the positive, or historical, theology of Giovanni Perrone and other 19th-century Roman Catholic writers. While closely following Latin models in his methodo...
Orthodox Jewish Congregations of America, Union of (North American religious federation)
official federation of Jewish Orthodox synagogues in the United States and Canada; its counterpart organization for rabbis is the Rabbinical Council of America....
Orthodox Judaism
the religion of those Jews who adhere most strictly to traditional beliefs and practices. Jewish Orthodoxy resolutely refuses to accept the position of Reform Judaism that the Bible and other sacred Jewish writings contain not only eternally valid moral principles but also historically and culturally conditioned adaptations...
orthodox masters (Chinese artists)
Group of major Chinese artists who worked in the 17th and early 18th centuries (Qing dynasty). Also known as “orthodox masters,” they continued the tradition of the scholar-painter, following the injunctions of the artist-critic Dong Qichang late in the ...
Orthodox Presbyterian Church (Christianity)
...revision of the 17th-century English Presbyterian creed, the Westminster Confession. Following his suspension from the ministry, he helped found the Presbyterian Church in America, which became the Orthodox Presbyterian Church in 1939. Machen was a major theological voice in support of conservative Christianity....
Orthodox Rabbis of the United States and Canada, Union of (Orthodox Jewish organization)
Orthodox Jewish organization founded in New York City in 1902 to foster traditional Orthodox practices, including strict observance of the sabbath and the dietary laws (kashruth...
orthodoxy (religious doctrine)
Orthodox Jewish organization founded in New York City in 1902 to foster traditional Orthodox practices, including strict observance of the sabbath and the dietary laws (kashruth...
Orthodoxy, Autocracy, and Nationality (Russian slogan)
in Russian history, slogan created in 1832 by Count Sergey S. Uvarov, minister of education 1833–49, that came to represent the official ideology of the imperial government of Nicholas I (reigned 1825–55) and remained the guiding principle behind government policy during later periods of impe...
Orthodoxy, Feast of (Eastern Orthodoxy)
feast celebrated on the first Sunday of Lent by the Eastern Orthodox Church and Eastern Catholics of the Byzantine Rite to commemorate the return of icons (sacred images) to the churches (843) and the end of the long iconoclastic controversy. Fear of idolatry had led to an official proscription against icons in 730. The restoration was effected by Empress Theodora after the deat...
Orthoepia Anglicana (work by Daines)
...described by the younger Aldo in 1566; but their purpose was elocutionary, not syntactic. When George Puttenham, in his treatise The Arte of English Poesie (1589), and Simon Daines, in Orthoepia Anglicana (1640), specified a pause of one unit for a comma, of two units for a semicolon, and of three for a colon, they were no doubt trying to bring some sort of order into a......
orthoferrosilite (pyroxene)
The most common pyroxenes can be represented as part of the chemical system CaSiO3 (wollastonite, a pyroxenoid), MgSiO3 (enstatite), and FeSiO3 (ferrosilite). Since no true pyroxenes exist with calcium contents greater than that of the diopside-hedenbergite join, the part of this system below this join is known as the pyroxene quadrilateral. Ferrous iron and......
orthogenesis (biology)
theory that successive members of an evolutionary series become increasingly modified in a single undeviating direction. That evolution frequently proceeds in orthogenetic fashion is undeniable, though many striking features developed in an orthogenetic group appear to have little if any adaptive value and may even be markedly disadvantageous....
Orthognatha (spider suborder)
...in 3 groups; carapace low; overpower web-entangled prey; Loxosceles reclusa (brown recluse) and Loxosceles laeta venomous to humans.Suborder Orthognatha (mygalomorph spiders)2,000 to 3,000 species; most species large and long-lived in warm climates. 2 pairs of book lungs...
orthogneiss (geology)
Gneiss can be classified on the basis of minerals that are present, presumed formational processes, chemical composition, or probable parent material. Orthogneiss is formed by the metamorphism of igneous rocks; paragneiss results from the metamorphism of sedimentary rocks. Pencil gneiss contains rod-shaped individual minerals or segregations of minerals, and augen gneiss contains stubby lenses......
orthogonal array (mathematics)
A k × N matrix A with entries from a set X of s ≥ 2 symbols is called an orthogonal array of strength t, size N, k constraints, and s levels if each t × N submatrix of A contains all possible t × 1 column vectors with the same frequency λらむだ. The array may be denoted by (N...
orthogonal grid system (urban planning)
...siting of public buildings but exhibited less concern for the efficiency of residential, commercial, and industrial development. More influential on the layout of U.S. cities, however, was the rigid grid plan of Philadelphia, designed by William Penn (1682). This plan traveled west with the pioneers, since it was the simplest method of dividing surveyed territory. Although it took no cognizance...
orthogonal Latin squares
...cells of which are occupied by k distinct symbols of a set X = 1, 2, . . . , k, such that each symbol occurs once in each row and each column. Two Latin squares are said to be orthogonal if, when superposed, any symbol of the first square occurs exactly once with each symbol of the second square. Two orthogonal Latin squares of order 4 are exhibited in Figure 2....
orthogonal projection (engineering)
common method of representing three-dimensional objects, usually by three two-dimensional drawings, in each of which the object is viewed along parallel lines that are perpendicular to the plane of the drawing. For example, an orthographic projection of a house typically consists of a top view, or plan, and a front view and one side view (fro...
orthogonal trajectory (mathematics)
family of curves that intersect another family of curves at right angles (orthogonal; see ). Such families of mutually orthogonal curves occur in such branches of physics as electrostatics, in which the lines of force and the lines of constant potential are orthogonal; and in hydrodynamics, in which the streamlines and the lines of constant velocity are orthogonal....
orthogonality (mathematics)
In mathematics, a property synonymous with perpendicularity when applied to vectors but applicable more generally to functions. Two elements of an inner product space are orthogonal when their inner product—for vectors, the dot product (see vector operations...
orthograde posture (physiology)
Some degree of bipedal ability, of course, is a basic possession of the order Primates. All primates sit upright. Many stand upright without supporting their body weight by their arms, and some, especially the apes, actually walk upright for short periods. The view that the possession of uprightness is a solely human attribute is untenable; humans are merely the one species of the order that......
Orthographiae ratio (work by Manutius)
...editor and printer Aldus Manutius (Aldo Manuzio; died 1515) made improvements in the humanistic system, and in 1566 his grandson of the same name expounded a similar system in his Orthographiae ratio (“System of Orthography”); it included, under different names, the modern comma, semicolon, colon, and full point, or period. Most importantly, the younger Aldo......
orthographic projection (engineering)
common method of representing three-dimensional objects, usually by three two-dimensional drawings, in each of which the object is viewed along parallel lines that are perpendicular to the plane of the drawing. For example, an orthographic projection of a house typically consists of a top view, or plan, and a front view and one side view (fro...
orthography (linguistics)
The Lithuanian alphabet is based on the Roman (Latin) alphabet. It has 33 letters, several employing diacritical marks, and is phonetic. In linguistic literature an acute accent is used for falling tones and a tilde for rising tones; the grave accent is used for short, stressed vowels....
Orthohepadnavirus (virus genus)
There are two recognized genera of hepadnavirus: Orthohepadnavirus and Avihepadnavirus. The former includes hepatitis B viruses that have been isolated from mammals, including humans, woodchucks, ground squirrels, Arctic squirrels, and woolly monkeys. The second genus, Avihepadnavirus, consists of hepatitis B viruses that infect birds, including......
orthokinesis (biology)
...of entire organisms may be unoriented or oriented. Unoriented responses include kineses—undirected speeding or slowing of the rate of locomotion or frequency of change from rest to movement (orthokinesis) or of frequency or amount of turning of the whole animal (klinokinesis), the speed of frequency depending on the intensity of stimulation. Examples of orthokinesis are seen in lampreys,...
orthometric correction (surveying)
...increase in the force of gravity at higher latitudes), the distances between the surfaces and the geoid do not exactly represent the surfaces’ heights from the geoid. To correct these distortions, orthometric corrections must be applied to long lines of levels at high altitudes that have a north–south trend....
Orthomyxoviridae (virus group)
any virus belonging to the family Orthomyxoviridae. Orthomyxoviruses have enveloped virions (virus particles) that measure between 80 and 120 nm (1 nm = 10−9 metre) in diameter. The nucleocapsid, which consists of a protein shell, or capsid, and contains the viral nucleic acids, has helical symmetry. The ...
orthomyxovirus (virus group)
any virus belonging to the family Orthomyxoviridae. Orthomyxoviruses have enveloped virions (virus particles) that measure between 80 and 120 nm (1 nm = 10−9 metre) in diameter. The nucleocapsid, which consists of a protein shell, or capsid, and contains the viral nucleic acids, has helical symmetry. The ...
orthonectid (animal)
any of a class (Orthonectida) of rare wormlike parasites of various marine invertebrates, including bivalved mollusks and polychaete annelids; they are usually included in the phylum Mesozoa, a group regarded as intermediate between protozoans (single-celled animals) and metazoans (multicellular animals) in organization. See mesozoan....
Orthonectida (animal)
any of a class (Orthonectida) of rare wormlike parasites of various marine invertebrates, including bivalved mollusks and polychaete annelids; they are usually included in the phylum Mesozoa, a group regarded as intermediate between protozoans (single-celled animals) and metazoans (multicellular animals) in organization. See mesozoan....
Orthonotia (mollusk subclass)
...attachment and a trend toward loss of the anterior adductor muscle. The common mussels (family Mytilidae) are thought to be derived from an extinct group, the family Modiomorphidae. The subclass Orthonotia also arose in the Ordovician Period and are the probable ancestors of the deep-burrowing razor shells (Solenoidea). The origins of the subclass Anomalodesmata are less clear, but they too......
Orthonychidae (bird family)
...singers, musical whistles and fluty notes. 3 genera, 14 species in forests and cultivated lands from India to Philippines, south to Borneo, Java, Sumatra.Family Orthonychidae (logrunners and chowchillas)Medium-sized terrestrial birds, 17–28 cm (about 7–11 inches). Once linked to babb...
Orthonychinae (bird)
any member of the songbird subfamily Orthonychinae (order Passeriformes), placed by some authorities with other babblers in the family Timaliidae and by others near the subfamily Timaliinae when the latter are placed in the Muscicapidae. It is also the particular name of species that look much like rails: small-headed, thin-necked, and long-legged, with tails carried cocked up....
orthopedic device
Joint replacements, particularly at the hip, and bone fixation devices have become very successful applications of materials in medicine. The use of pins, plates, and screws for bone fixation to aid recovery of bone fractures has become routine, with the number of annual procedures approaching five million in the United States alone. In joint replacement, typical patients are age 55 or older......
orthopedic surgery (medicine)
medical specialty concerned with the preservation and restoration of function of the skeletal system and its associated structures, i.e., spinal and other bones, joints, and muscles....
orthopedics (medicine)
medical specialty concerned with the preservation and restoration of function of the skeletal system and its associated structures, i.e., spinal and other bones, joints, and muscles....
orthophosphoric acid (chemical compound)
(H3PO4), the most important oxygen acid of phosphorus, used to make phosphate salts for fertilizers. It is also used in dental cements, in the preparation of albumin derivatives, and in the sugar and textile industries. It serves as an acidic, fruitlike flavouring in food products....
orthophosphorous acid (chemical compound)
one of several oxygen acids of phosphorus, used as reducing agent in chemical analysis. It is a colourless or yellowish crystalline substance (melting point...
orthophotoscope (cartography)
A much more precise technique is based on the use of an orthophotoscope. With this device, overlapping photographs are employed just as in the stereoscopic plotter already described, but the instrument, rather than the manual tracing of the features and contours, scans the overlap and produces an orthophotograph by dividing the area into small sections, each of which is correctly scaled. This......
orthopnea (pathology)
...extremities (e.g., the legs), large amounts of fluid become mobilized, resulting in rapid expansion of the blood volume and in shortness of breath. Shortness of breath on lying down is called orthopnea and is a major symptom of heart failure. In addition, the patient may experience acute shortness of breath while sleeping (paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea) that is related to circulatory......
orthopositronium (nuclear physics)
...are oppositely directed, decays by annihilation into two photons, with a mean life of about one-tenth of a nanosecond (or 10-10 second; a nanosecond is 10−9 second); and orthopositronium, in which the spins are in the same direction, annihilates into three photons with a mean life of about 100 nanoseconds (10-7 second). The properties of positronium......
Orthopristis chrysoptera (fish)
...(H. flavolineatum), a yellow-striped, silvery blue Atlantic species about 30 cm (12 inches) long; the margate (H. album), a usually pearl gray species of the western Atlantic; the pigfish (Orthopristis chrysoptera), a western Atlantic food fish, striped silvery and blue and about 38 cm (15 inches) long; the porkfish (Anisotremus virginicus), a western Atlantic......
Orthoptera (insect order)
...(H. flavolineatum), a yellow-striped, silvery blue Atlantic species about 30 cm (12 inches) long; the margate (H. album), a usually pearl gray species of the western Atlantic; the pigfish (Orthopristis chrysoptera), a western Atlantic food fish, striped silvery and blue and about 38 cm (15 inches) long; the porkfish (Anisotremus virginicus), a western Atlantic.........
orthopteran (insect)
broadly, any member of one of four insect orders. Orthopteran has come to be regarded as the common name for these related groups, which exhibit considerable morphological, physiological, and paleontological diversity. Although sometimes the insects are combined into the order Orthoptera, generally several orders are implied in the term orthopteran....
orthopyroxene (mineral)
any of a series of common silicate minerals in the pyroxene family. Orthopyroxenes typically occur as fibrous or lamellar (thin-plated) green masses in igneous and metamorphic rocks and in meteorites....
orthopyroxene granite (rock)
member of the charnockite series of metamorphic rocks....
orthoquartzite (sandstone)
variety of the rock quartzite formed by deposition of silica in subterranean sandstone....
Orthoreovirus (virus)
Annotated classification...
orthorhombic pyroxene (mineral)
any of a series of common silicate minerals in the pyroxene family. Orthopyroxenes typically occur as fibrous or lamellar (thin-plated) green masses in igneous and metamorphic rocks and in meteorites....
orthorhombic sulfur (chemistry)
...thiosulfate with cold, concentrated hydrochloric acid, extracting the residue with toluene, and evaporating the solution to give hexagonal crystals. ρろー-sulfur is unstable, eventually reverting to orthorhombic sulfur (αあるふぁ-sulfur)....
orthorhombic system (crystallography)
one of the structural categories systems to which crystalline solids can be assigned. Crystals in this system are referred to three mutually perpendicular axes that are unequal in length. If the atoms or atom groups in the solid are represented by points and the points are connected, the resulting lattice will consist of an orderly stacking of blocks, or ...
orthosilicate (mineral)
compound with a structure in which independent silicate tetrahedrons (a central silicon atom surrounded by four oxygen atoms at the corners of a tetrahedron) are present. Because none of the oxygen atoms is shared by other tetrahedrons, the chemical formula contains a mu...
orthostat (architecture)
The traditional Hittite iconography survived but was gradually permeated by Aramaic and Assyrian influences. Orthostats (stone slabs set at the base of a wall) from Malatya on the Euphrates show Tarhun in his bull-drawn chariot receiving libations from a king dressed in his traditional robes, and there is a relief showing his battle with the dragon. At Carchemish was found a representation of......
orthostatic hypotension (medical disorder)
Orthostatic hypotension—low blood pressure upon standing up—seems to stem from a failure in the autonomic nervous system. Normally, when a person stands up, there is a reflex constriction of the small arteries and veins to offset the effects of gravity. Hypotension from an increase in the capacity of the blood vessels is a factor in fainting (see......
orthosympathetic nervous system (anatomy)
The sympathetic nervous system normally functions to produce localized adjustments (such as sweating as a response to an increase in temperature) and reflex adjustments of the cardiovascular system. Under conditions of stress, however, the entire sympathetic nervous system is activated, producing an immediate, widespread response called the fight-or-flight response. This response is......
orthotopic graft (surgery)
Tissue or organ grafts may be transplanted to their normal situation in the recipient and are then known as orthotopic—for example, skin to the surface of the body. Alternatively, they may be transplanted to an abnormal situation and are then called heterotopic—for example, kidneys are usually grafted into the lower part of the abdomen instead of into the loin (the back between the.....
orthotropism
...thigmotropism (response to mechanical stimulation), traumatotropism (response to wound lesion), and galvanotropism, or electrotropism (response to electric current). Most tropic movements are orthotropic; i.e., they are directed toward the source of the stimulus. Plagiotropic movements are oblique to the direction of stimulus. Diatropic movements are at right angles to the......
orthowater (chemistry)
liquid water generally formed by condensation of water vapour in tiny glass or fused-quartz capillaries and with properties very different from those well established for ordinary water; e.g., lower vapour pressure, lower freezing temperature, higher density and v...
Orthros (canonical hour)
In the Roman Catholic Church, there are seven canonical hours. Matins, the lengthiest, originally said at a night hour, is now appropriately said at any hour of the day. Lauds and Vespers are the solemn morning and evening prayers of the church. Terce, Sext, and None correspond to the mid-morning, noon, and mid-afternoon hours. Compline, a night prayer, is of monastic origin, as was Prime,......
Orthurethra (gastropod order)
...at most narrowly separated; shell conical to vestigial, heavily to weakly calcified; eyes at tips of upper (usually) tentacles; terrestrial; about 26,800 species.Order OrthurethraPore of ureter opening into mantle cavity (part of the viscera) near anterior margin of lung after ureter passes forward from anterior kidney margin; about 6...
orti esperidi, Gli (work by Metastasio)
In honour of the birthday of the Empress of Austria, Metastasio composed Gli orti esperidi (1721), a serenata in which the principal role was taken by the prima donna Marianna Benti-Bulgarelli, called La Romanina, who became enamoured of the poet. In her salon Metastasio formed his lifelong friendship with the castrato male soprano Carlo Farinelli and came to know such composers as......
Ortigão, José Duarte Ramalho (Portuguese journalist)
Portuguese essayist and journalist known for his mastery of Portuguese prose and his critical reflections on his native land....
Ortigueira (town, Spain)
town, A Coruña provincia (province), in the comunidad autónoma (autonomous community) of Galicia, northwestern Spain. It lies northeast of A Coruña city, on the Santa Marta...
Ortiz, Fernando (Cuban anthropologist)
anthropologist, essayist, and philologist who pioneered in the study of neo-African cultures in the Americas, particularly in Cuba....
Ortiz, José Domingo (Colombian settler)
...called it Barbudo (“Bearded One”) because of its bearded chief. In 1544 Alonzo de San Martín renamed it Tamalameque (now the name of a town a few miles to the southeast). In 1749 José Domingo Ortiz, a freed black slave carrying a statue of the Virgin Mary, led a group of settlers to the locality that became known as Nuestra Señora de la Candelaria de El Banco....
Ortíz Mena, Antonio (Mexican politician)
April 16, 1907 Parral, Chihuahua, Mex.March 12, 2007 Mexico City, Mex.Mexican politician who was credited with fueling Mexico’s phenomenal growth (about 6% annually) while serving as the country’s finance minister (1958–70). Ortíz Mena, a lawyer by profes...
Ortiz, Roberto M. (president of Argentina)
The election of 1937, in which the government retained its power, was marked by fraud and violence; however, the next president, Roberto M. Ortiz, returned to more proper electoral procedures, calling for federal intervention in the province of Buenos Aires, where a corrupt conservative machine had been in control. Ortiz’s poor health obliged him to resign in 1940, and his successor,......
Ortodoxos (political party, Cuba)
After his graduation in 1950, Castro began to practice law and became a member of the reformist Cuban People’s Party (called Ortodoxos). He became their candidate for a seat in the House of Representatives from a Havana district in the elections scheduled for June 1952. In March of that year, however, the former Cuban president, Gen. Fulgencio Batista, overthrew the government of Pres. Carl...
ortolan (bird)
(Emberiza hortulana), Eurasian garden and field bird of the family Emberizidae. It grows fat in autumn, when large flocks gather for migration to northern Africa and the Middle East, and at that season it is a table delicacy. The bird is 16 cm (...
ortolan bunting (bird)
(Emberiza hortulana), Eurasian garden and field bird of the family Emberizidae. It grows fat in autumn, when large flocks gather for migration to northern Africa and the Middle East, and at that season it is a table delicacy. The bird is 16 cm (...
Ortoli, François-Xavier (French politician)
Feb. 16, 1925Ajaccio, CorsicaNov. 30, 2007French politician who was president (1973–77) of the European Commission (EC; part of what later became the European Union) during a period of social upheaval and the entry of three new member countries (Denmark, Ireland, and the U.K.); he had greater i...
Orton, Edward, Jr. (American potter)
A close study of the technical side of manufacture was not undertaken until Edward Orton, Jr., succeeded in getting support for the establishment of a department of ceramics at Ohio State University in Columbus in 1894. The New York State College of Ceramics at Alfred, New York, was started soon afterward, with Charles F. Binns as its director. Binns was a member of an English family connected......
Orton, Harold (British linguist)
...for instance, are now working on regional atlases that will complement data contained in the Atlas linguistique de la France. In England, work began in 1946, under the direction of Harold Orton and Eugene Dieth; the first volume of the Survey of English Dialects was published in 1962. In Slavic-speaking countries, work is now under way both on atlases of separate Slavic......
Orton, Joe (British writer)
British playwright noted for his outrageous and macabre farces....
Orton, John Kingsley (British writer)
British playwright noted for his outrageous and macabre farces....
Ortona (Italy)
town, Abruzzi region, central Italy, on a promontory 230 feet (70 m) above sea level, on the Adriatic coast, about 11 miles (18 km) southeast of Pescara. An ancient settlement, it was placed by the 1st-century-bc Greek geographer Strabo and the 1st-century-ad Roman scholar ...
Ortona a Mare (Italy)
town, Abruzzi region, central Italy, on a promontory 230 feet (70 m) above sea level, on the Adriatic coast, about 11 miles (18 km) southeast of Pescara. An ancient settlement, it was placed by the 1st-century-bc Greek geographer Strabo and the 1st-century-ad Roman scholar ...
Ortstock (mountain, Switzerland)
...about 25 square miles (65 square km) are occupied by lakes, chiefly parts of Lakes Zürich and Lucerne, a small area of Lake Zug, and the whole of Lakes Lauerz and Sihl. Its highest point is the Ortstock (8,911 feet [2,716 m]), and two of the loftiest summits of the Rigi massif (the Kulm, 5,899 feet [1,798 m], and the Scheidegg, 5,463 feet [1,665 m]) are within its borders; but the land i...
Ortygia (island, Italy)
Syracuse’s nucleus is formed by the southward-projecting island of Ortygia, which half-encloses the bay known as the Great Harbour. The remains of antiquity on the continuously inhabited Ortygia are less striking than those in Neapolis, which was long a country district. Archaeological remains in Neapolis include the Greek theatre of Hieron II (3rd century bc), a Roman amphith...
Ortyxelos meiffrenii (bird)
Another bird of the button-quail family is the lark quail (Ortyxelos meiffrenii), of arid African plains. It looks more like a lark than a quail; having longer wings than other button quails, it is a stronger flier. It is about 13 cm (5 in.) long. ...
Orukter Amphibolos (steam engine)
...driving sawmills and boring machines, and powering a dredge to clear the Philadelphia water frontage. Completed by June 1805, his new type of steam-engine scow, called the Orukter Amphibolos, or Amphibious Digger, was 30 feet (9 m) long by 12 feet (3.7 m) wide. In its machinery it embodied the chain-of-buckets principle of his automatic flour mill. Equipped with wheels, it ran on land as......
Orūmīyeh (Iran)
city, extreme northwestern Iran. It lies just west of Lake Urmia on a large fertile plain that yields grains, fruits, tobacco, and other crops. The population is mainly Azeri Turkish, with Kurdish, Assyrian Christian, and Armenian minorities. The remains of ancient settlements are scattered over the plain,...
Orūmīyeh, Daryācheh-ye (lake, Iran)
lake in northwestern Iran that is the largest lake in the Middle East. It covers an area that varies from 2,000 to 2,300 square miles (5,200 to 6,000 square km). Like the Dead Sea, it is remarkable for the extreme salinity...
Oruro (Bolivia)
city, west-central Bolivia. It lies at 12,150 feet (3,702 metres) above sea level in the Altiplano region, 30 miles (48 km) north of Poopó Lake. Founded in 1606 as Real Villa de San Felipe de Austria (“Royal Town of St....
Oruzheinaya Palata (museum, Moscow, Russia)
in Moscow, oldest museum in Russia. It is housed in a building between the Great Kremlin Palace and the Kremlin wall, was designed by Konstantin A. Thon, and was built between 1844 and 1851. The museum was originally founded to house the treasures accumulated over the centuries by Russia and is Russo-Byzantine in style. The treasures of the Kremlin cathedrals and the Synodal Treasury were added to...
Orvieto (Italy)
town, Umbria regione, central Italy. The town is situated atop an isolated rock 640 feet (195 m) above the junction of the Paglia and Chiana rivers. An Etruscan and later a Roman city (in late Roman times it was called Urbs Vetus, from which its Italian name is derived), Orvieto was the seat of a Lo...
Orvieto Cathedral (cathedral, Orvieto, Italy)
Italian architect and sculptor primarily responsible for the construction and decoration of the facade of Orvieto Cathedral....
Orvieto ware
Italian maiolica, a tin-glazed earthenware produced originally at Orvieto, in Umbria, from the 13th century onward. It was copied from, or inspired by, the faience produced in Paterna, Spain. The most common colours of Orvieto ware are the green and manganese purple of their Spanish prototype, though sometimes blue and yellow were added. The style of decoration is Gothic, somet...