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A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z |  |
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First Edition Preface Second Edition Preface Acknowledgments
Section S S index 1-9 of 1376 terms
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S-bandDescribes radars operating at a wavelength of 10 cm.
S bandSee radar frequency band.
S-curve methodA method of deriving a unit hydrograph for a desired duration from one of another duration through the use of an S-curve.
S-curveThe hydrograph, for a given river basin, that would theoretically result from a continuous, constant excess rainfall rate per specified period T resulting in a runoff volume of 1.00 unit depth (e.g., 1.00 cm or 1.00 in.) over the basin for each period T. The curve has a characteristic S-shaped rising limb, reaching a constant final discharge rate equivalent to the constant excess rainfall rate multiplied by the area of the basin. An S-curve is constructed from a series of unit hydrographs of period T by the simple process of successive displacement by T and summing up the ordinates (discharge values). In theory, the unit hydrographs for storms of any duration may be derived from the resulting S-curve.
S-valuesSpecific temperature anomalies given by the relation where T is the actual temperature and Tp is the standard-atmosphere temperature at a point where the pressure altitude is zp. S-values are usually expressed in terms of tenths of degrees per hundred degrees absolute temperature. S-value lines are drawn on 4D charts because they are related to D-values by where Δ vD is the variation in D-value for a givenΔ zp variation in pressure altitude.
saddle-backIn aviation terminology, the cloudless air between the “towers” of two cumulus congestus or cumulonimbus clouds and above a lower cloud mass.
saddle pointSame as col.
Saffir–Simpson hurricane scaleA classification scheme for hurricane intensity based on the maximum surface wind speed and the type and extent of damage done by the storm. The wind speed categories are as follows: 1) 33–42 m s−1 (65–82 knots); 2) 43–49 m s−1 (83– 95 knots); 3) 50–58 m s−1 (96–113 knots); 4) 59–69 m s−1 (114–134 knots); and 5) 70 m s−1 (135 knots) and higher. These categories are used routinely by weather forecasters in North America to characterize the intensity of hurricanes for the public.
SAGEAbbreviation for Stratospheric Aerosol Gas Experiment.
sahel1. The region of poor and intermittent rains south of the Sahara Desert in Africa. 2. A strong dust-bearing desert wind in Morocco.
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