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Thousand Plateaus, A (work by Deleuze and Guattari)
Volume 2 of Capitalism and Schizophrenia, A Thousand Plateaus (1980), is characterized by a self-consciously disjointed, paratactic style of philosophical inquiry, reflecting the authors’ conviction that the “linear” organization of traditional philosophy represents an incipient form of social control...
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Thousand Splendid Suns, A (novel by Hosseini)
Hosseini’s second novel, A Thousand Splendid Suns (2007), was inspired by his observations of women wearing burkas during a 2003 visit to Afghanistan, his first since childhood. Continuing in the overtly topical vein of The Kite Runner, the book depicts the radical shifts in the political and social climate of Afghanistan through the relationship between two women, Ma...
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Thouvenin, Louis-Etienne de (French officer and inventor)
...a loosely fitting lead ball came to rest. Ramrod blows expanded the soft lead at the mouth of the chamber so that, when fired, the bullet fit the rifling tightly. In 1844 another French officer, Louis-Étienne de Thouvenin, introduced yet a better method for expanding bullets. His carabine à tige embodied a post or......
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Thrace (region, Europe)
ancient and modern region of the southeastern Balkans....
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Thraces (gladiator class)
...of gladiators, distinguished by their arms or modes of fighting. The Samnites fought with the national weapons—a large oblong shield, a visor, a plumed helmet, and a short sword. The Thraces (“Thracians”) had a small round buckler and a dagger curved like a scythe; they were generally pitted against the mirmillones, who were armed in Gallic fashion with...
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Thracia (region, Europe)
ancient and modern region of the southeastern Balkans....
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Thracian (ancient people)
...Neolithic Period (New Stone Age; about 10,000 years ago). At the dawn of recorded history, two Indo-European peoples dominated the area: the Illyrians to the west and the Thracians to the east of the great historical divide defined by the Morava and Vardar river valleys. The Thracians were advanced in metalworking and in horsemanship. They intermingled with the Greeks......
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Thracian language
language spoken by the inhabitants of Thrace primarily in pre-Greek and early Greek times. Generally assumed to be an Indo-European language, Thracian is known from proper names, glosses in Greek writings, and a small number of inscriptions, some of which appear on coins; these sources date from as early as the 6th century bc. Thracian is thought by many scholars to be related to the...
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Thraco-Illyrian language
...Celtic culture area, save for a few remnants in the British Isles and Brittany, in northwestern France; surviving Celtic languages include Cornish, Welsh, Irish, Scots Gaelic, Manx, and Breton. The Thraco-Illyrian branch of the Indo-European languages was formerly spoken throughout the Balkan Peninsula north of Greece. It survives solely in....
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Thráki (region, Europe)
ancient and modern region of the southeastern Balkans....
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Thrale, Harriet Lynch (English writer)
English writer and friend of Samuel Johnson....
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Thrale, Mrs. (English writer)
English writer and friend of Samuel Johnson....
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Thrane, Marcus Møller (Norwegian journalist and socialist)
teacher, journalist, and socialist leader who was the initiator of the Thrane movement in Norway that sought to better the condition of urban and rural labourers....
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Thrane movement (Norwegian politics)
teacher, journalist, and socialist leader who was the initiator of the Thrane movement in Norway that sought to better the condition of urban and rural labourers....
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Thrapston (England, United Kingdom)
The two parishes (towns) of Oundle and Thrapston, farther north in the Nene valley, serve as local market centres for adjacent stone-built villages in this mixed-farming area. Oundle, containing fine examples of 17th- and 18th-century town houses and 17th-century hostelries, is being preserved. Remnants of the Rockingham Forest, a former royal hunting preserve, are in the western part of the......
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Thrasamund (king of Vandals)
...launched a general persecution of the Latin church, apparently from genuine religious fanaticism rather than for political reasons, but his successor adopted a milder policy. Later, under Thrasamund (496–523), there is evidence that many Vandals adopted Roman culture, but the tribe retained its identity until the Byzantine reconquest....
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Thrasea Paetus, Publius Clodius (Roman senator)
Roman senator who was famous for his opposition to the emperor Nero....
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thrasher (bird)
any of numerous New World birds with downcurved bills, noted for noisy foraging on the ground in dense thickets and for loud varied songs. The 17 species, of the family Mimidae (order Passeriformes), range from the Canadian northwest to central Mexico and east to New England and the Caribbean. Best known is the ...
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Thrasybulus (Greek general)
Athenian general and democratic leader....
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Thrasydaeus (tyrant of Acragas)
...which ended in the death of Hamilcar at the Battle of Himera in 480 bc. Four years later, the citizens of Himera appealed to Hieron of Syracuse for aid against the oppressive rule of Theron’s son, Thrasydaeus, but this only led to the citizens’ massacre by Theron and a resettlement of the town with Dorians. Himera was finally destroyed in 409 by Hamilcar’s gra...
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Thrasymachus of Chalcedon (Greek philosopher)
...practical affairs naturally led them to develop views about ethics. The recurrent theme in the views of the better-known Sophists, such as Protagoras, Antiphon (c. 480–411 bc), and Thrasymachus (flourished late 5th century bc), is that what is commonly called good and bad or just and unjust does not reflect any objective fact of nature but is rather a m...
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Thraupidae (bird)
any of numerous songbirds of the family Thraupidae inhabiting chiefly tropical New World forests and gardens. In some classifications, Thraupidae contains over 400 species, whereas others assign fewer than 300 species to the group. All tanagers are confined to the Americas....
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Thraupinae (bird)
any of numerous songbirds of the family Thraupidae inhabiting chiefly tropical New World forests and gardens. In some classifications, Thraupidae contains over 400 species, whereas others assign fewer than 300 species to the group. All tanagers are confined to the Americas....
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Thraupis episcopus
...and purple. The euphonias (Tanagra species) are found from Mexico southward; they should not be confused with Tangara species (above). Of the eight species of Thraupis, the blue, or blue-gray, tanager (Th. episcopus, sometimes virens) is common from Mexico to Peru and is introduced in Florida....
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Thraupis virens
...and purple. The euphonias (Tanagra species) are found from Mexico southward; they should not be confused with Tangara species (above). Of the eight species of Thraupis, the blue, or blue-gray, tanager (Th. episcopus, sometimes virens) is common from Mexico to Peru and is introduced in Florida....
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Thraustochytriales (chromist order)
...saprobic in soil; motile cells glide on an extracellular matrix secreted by an organelle known as a sagenogenetosome; example genus is Labyrinthula.Order ThraustochytrialesFound in fresh water and salt water, as well as in saline soil; secrete ectoplasmic nets from a sagenogenetosome; monocentric thallus; example g...
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Thrax (gladiator class)
...of gladiators, distinguished by their arms or modes of fighting. The Samnites fought with the national weapons—a large oblong shield, a visor, a plumed helmet, and a short sword. The Thraces (“Thracians”) had a small round buckler and a dagger curved like a scythe; they were generally pitted against the mirmillones, who were armed in Gallic fashion with...
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thread (textile)
tightly twisted ply yarn having a circular cross section and used in commercial and home sewing machines and for hand sewing. Thread is usually wound on spools, with thread size, or degree of fineness, indicated on the spool end....
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thread (computer science)
Designing software as a group of cooperating processes has been made simpler by the concept of “threads.” A single process may contain several executable programs (threads) that work together as a coherent whole. One thread might, for example, handle error signals, another might send a message about the error to the user, while a third thread is executing the actual task of the......
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thread cross (Tibetan Buddhist object)
object usually made of two sticks bound together in the shape of a cross, with coloured threads wound around their ends to resemble a cobweb, used in Tibetan rituals to entrap evil spirits. Similar thread crosses have been encountered in areas bordering Tibet and in South ...
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Thread, sacred (Hinduism)
...dressed as an ascetic and brought before his guru (personal spiritual guide), who invests him with a deerskin to use as an upper garment, a staff, and the sacred thread (upavita, or yajnopavita). The thread, consisting of a loop made of three symbolically knotted and twisted strands of cotton cord, is replaced......
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thread snake (reptile family)
Anomalepids (early blind snakes) and leptotyphlopids (threadsnakes and wormsnakes) are slender, and species of both families are seldom more than 30 cm (12 inches) long from snout to vent and grow to a maximum of 40 cm (16 inches) in total length. The anomalepids are made up of 15 species belonging to four genera that inhabit the forests of Central and ......
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thread-legged bug (insect)
The thread-legged bug Emesaya brevipennis is about 33 mm (1.3 inches) long and is usually found on trees or in old buildings. It has long, threadlike middle and hindlegs, while the shorter, thicker front legs are modified into viselike grasping organs. E. brevipennis occurs in North America....
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thread-waisted wasp (insect)
any of a group of large, common, solitary (nonsocial) wasps in the family Sphecidae (order Hymenoptera) that are named for the stalklike anterior (front) end of the abdomen. Thread-waisted wasps are typically more than 2.5 cm (about 1 inch) long and are parasitic on insects and spiders. The host is often numbed by malaxation, a pinching or crushing of the neck by the wasp’s pincerlike jaws,...
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thread-winged lacewing (insect)
...posterior wings narrowed, elongated to twice anterior wing length. Larvae short, broad; with incurved jaws; varied in form, distinct from other neuropterans.Family Nemopteridae (thread-winged or spoon-winged lacewings)Adults delicate; head snoutlike; antennae short; posterior wings greatly elongated, ribbonlik...
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threadfin (fish)
any of about 41 species of marine fishes of the family Polynemidae (order Perciformes), widely distributed along warm seashores, often over sand. Threadfins have two well-separated dorsal fins and a forked tail, and are usually silvery in colour. Their name refers to their pectoral fins, e...
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threadfish (fish)
The African pompano, or threadfish, also of the family Carangidae, is Alectis crinitis of the Atlantic and eastern Pacific oceans. It is about 90 cm long and, especially when young, has very long, threadlike rays extending from the dorsal and anal fins....
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Threadgill, Henry (American musician)
African-American improviser, composer, and bandleader, an important figure in free jazz in the late 20th century....
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Threadgill, Henry Luther (American musician)
African-American improviser, composer, and bandleader, an important figure in free jazz in the late 20th century....
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threadsnake (reptile family)
Anomalepids (early blind snakes) and leptotyphlopids (threadsnakes and wormsnakes) are slender, and species of both families are seldom more than 30 cm (12 inches) long from snout to vent and grow to a maximum of 40 cm (16 inches) in total length. The anomalepids are made up of 15 species belonging to four genera that inhabit the forests of Central and ......
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threadworm (worm)
worm belonging to the family Oxyuridae in the order Ascaridida (phylum Nematoda). Pinworms are common human intestinal parasites, especially in children. They are also found in other vertebrates. Male pinworms are 2 to 5 mm (about 0.08 to 0.2 inch) long; females range in length from 8 to 13 mm. The long tails of the worms give them a pinlike appearance....
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threadworm (Strongyloides stercoralis)
(Strongyloides stercoralis), worm of the phylum Nematoda that is parasitic in the human intestine but is able to live freely and breed in the soil. It is especially common in the moist tropics....
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threat (behaviour)
...it is easy to explain why animals fight: they do so to gain access to valuable resources. A more difficult question to answer is why conflicts are often resolved conventionally, by displays and threats, rather than by out-and-out fighting. For example, why does a stag, instead of using its antlers in an all-out bid for victory, withdraw from a fight after an exchange of roars, thus leaving......
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threat-submission behaviour (behaviour)
survivalist animal behaviour that includes aggression, defense, and avoidance. The term is favoured by biologists who recognize that the behavioral bases and stimuli for approach and fleeing are often the same, the actual behaviour exhibited depending on other factors, especially the distance to the stimulus....
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threatened species
...peoples. Polar bears, also critical to the economy and culture of indigenous peoples, had been under threat from climate change as well, and in 2008 the U.S. government had listed them as a threatened species. These and other issues were discussed at the Indigenous Peoples’ Global Summit on Climate Change hosted by the Inuit Circumpolar Council in Anchorage, Alaska, in April 2009....
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Threatening Weather (painting by Magritte)
The sea and wide skies, which were enthusiasms of his childhood, figure strongly in his paintings. In Threatening Weather (1928) the clouds have the shapes of a torso, a tuba, and a chair. In The Castle of the Pyrenees (1959) a huge stone topped by a small castle floats above the sea. Other representative fancies were a fish with human......
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Thredbo River (river, New South Wales, Australia)
...the eastern slopes of the Snowy Mountains near Mount Kosciuszko and flowing about 270 miles (435 km) southeast, then west and south to Bass Strait at Marlo. Its chief tributaries are the Eucumbene, Thredbo, and Bombala rivers in New South Wales and the Buchan in Victoria....
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three (number)
The number 3 is a very mystical and spiritual number featured in many folktales (three wishes, three guesses, three little pigs, three bears, three billy goats gruff). In ancient Babylon the three primary gods were Anu, Bel (Baal), and Ea, representing Heaven, Earth, and the Abyss. Similarly, there were three aspects to the Egyptian sun god: Khepri (rising), Re (midday), and Atum (setting). In......
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three acres and a cow (British slogan)
British politician, educational and agrarian reformer whose land policy was summarized in the slogan “three acres and a cow.”...
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Three Affiliated Tribes (Native American tribal group)
...accompanied the Hidatsa to a new settlement near Fort Berthold in 1845; others followed later, as did members of the Arikara tribe. The Mandan, Hidatsa, and Arikara eventually became known as the Three Affiliated Tribes....
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Three Ages of Man, The (painting by Titian)
...of the love lyrics of the 16th-century Italian poets Jacopo Sannazzaro and Pietro Bembo. The Three Ages of Man, where the erotic relationship of the young couple is discreetly muted and a mood of tenderness and sadness prevails, is one of the most exquisite of...
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“Three Baskets” (Buddhist canon)
the total canon of the southern schools of Buddhism, somewhat pejoratively dubbed Hīnayāna (Lesser Vehicle) by the self-styled Mahāyāna (Greater Vehicle) schools; for the latter, the canon constitutes a preliminary body of t...
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Three Bishoprics (historical territory, France)
...of Charlemagne divided his empire in the Treaty of Verdun. Conquered by German invaders in the 10th century, it was later linked with Metz and Toul to form the Trois-Évêchés (Three Bishoprics) territory. In 1552 the French king Henry II took over the three bishoprics, and France’s ownership was confirmed in 1648 by the Peace of Westphalia. In 1792 Verdun was besieged...
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Three Black Pennys, The (work by Hergesheimer)
...biography, history, and criticism. His work is distinguished for the Baroque lushness of its descriptive passages and its often penetrating psychological insights. Of his novels, The Three Black Pennys (1917), the story of three generations of the wealthy, mine-owning Penny family; Java Head (1919); and Balisand (1924) are considered his best. In 1921 a......
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Three Books of Testimonies to Quirinus (work by Cyprian)
...but his style is more classical, though much less brilliant and individual. Cyprian’s letters are a mine of information about a fascinating juncture in church history. His collections of Three Books of Testimonies to Quirinus, or authoritative scripture texts, illustrate the church’s reliance on these in defending its theological and ethical positions. A work that has been ...
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Three Books on the Law of War (work by Gentili)
...1598 Italian jurist Alberico Gentili (1552–1608), considered the originator of the secular school of thought in international law, published De jure belli libri tres (1598; Three Books on the Law of War), which contained a comprehensive discussion of the laws of war and treaties. Gentili’s work initia...
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Three Chancelleries (Korean administrative body)
The central government consisted of two supreme organs: the Three Chancelleries (Samsŏng) and the Royal Secretariat (Chungch’uwŏn). These two formed the Supreme Council of State. Koryŏ politics was thus centred in the aristocratic council. Officials above the fifth grade were given land for permanent possession. Even the land supposed to be returned was actually handed ...
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Three Chapters Controversy (Christianity)
...formula) offended Rome by suggesting that Monophysite criticism of Chalcedon might be justified; (2) under the emperor Justinian the Chalcedonian definition was glossed by condemning the “Three Chapters,” which includes the writings of Theodore of Mopsuestia, Theodoret, and Ibas, all strong critics of Cyril of Alexandria’s theology and of Monophysitism; the Syrian Monophysi...
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“Three Character Classics” (Chinese catechism)
...history in a short version full of moralistic judgments, prepared other extensive writings and sayings of his own, and opened the way for an elementary catechism, titled the Sanzijing (“Three Character Classics”), that conveyed the entire value system of this school in simple language for what approximated mass education....
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Three Cheers for Sweet Revenge (album by My Chemical Romance)
Three Cheers for Sweet Revenge (2004) featured modern-rock radio hits I’m Not Okay (I Promise), Helena,and The Ghost of You. These and other anthems of teenage angst earned the band a devoted following, and the album ultimately went platinum. That year Pelissier became the first of the.....
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Three Cities, The (work by Zola)
Zola’s final series of novels, Les Trois Villes (1894–98; The Three Cities) and Les Quatre Évangiles (1899–1903; The Four Gospels) are generally conceded to be far less forceful than his earlier work. However, the titles of the novels in the latter series reveal the value...
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Three Coins in the Fountain (film by Negulesco [1954])
...LanceStory and Screenplay: Budd Schulberg for On the WaterfrontCinematography, Black-and-White: Boris Kaufman for On the WaterfrontCinematography, Color: Milton Krasner for Three Coins in the FountainArt Direction, Black-and-White: Richard Day for On the WaterfrontArt Direction, Color: John Meehan for 20,000 Leagues Under the SeaMusic Score of a......
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Three Conversations on War, Progress and the End of Human History (work by Solovyov)
...Solovyov (1853–1900). He blended the most personal type of visionary mysticism with an incisive humour in a manner reminiscent of Kierkegaard. His philosophical essay-dialogue-treatise, Three Conversations on War, Progress and the End of Human History (1900), is representative of the nonfictional Russian prose that, while not widely known outside Russia, is as revealing as the......
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Three Crosses (work by Tozzi)
...to some extent in the narrative works of the Sienese writer Federigo Tozzi, including Con gli occhi chiusi (1919; “With Closed Eyes”) and Tre croci (1920; Three Crosses). Tozzi, however, belongs psychologically and stylistically to the 20th century....
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Three Dancers, The (painting by Picasso)
...following World War I he had painted a series of solidly modeled yet oddly ironic figure pictures. Then his mood changed, and in 1925 “The Three Dancers” (Tate Gallery, London) reintroduced an anarchic and convulsive quality. The ambiguities and transformations of his art, both in painting and sculpture, have an......
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Three Deaths (work by Tolstoy)
...Tolstoy uses the diary form first to relate an incident, then to reflect on its timeless meaning, and finally to reflect on the process of his own reflections. “Tri smerti” (1859; “Three Deaths”) describes the deaths of a noblewoman who cannot face the fact that she is dying, of a peasant who accepts death simply, and, at last, of a tree, whose utterly natural end......
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Three Dialogues between Hylas and Philonous (work by Berkeley)
...material causes, and abstract general ideas; he affirmed spiritual substance; and he answered many objections to his theory and drew the consequences, theological and epistemological. His Three Dialogues between Hylas and Philonous (1713), by its attractive literary form and its avoidance of technicalities, reinforced the main argument of the Principles; the two books speak......
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Three Dynasties (Chinese history)
...and trust. Their exemplary lives taught and encouraged the people to enter into a covenant with them so that social harmony could be achieved without punishment or coercion. Even in the Three Dynasties (Xia, Shang, and Zhou) moral authority, as expressed through ritual, was sufficient to maintain political order. The human continuum, from the undifferentiated masses to the......
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Three Emperors (Chinese history)
The political vision, contained in the Shujing, presents kingship in terms of the ethical foundation for a humane government. The legendary Three Emperors (Yao, Shun, and Yu) all ruled by virtue. Their sagacity, xiao (filial piety), and dedication to work enabled them to create a political culture based on responsibility and......
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Three Emperors, Battle of the (European history)
(Dec. 2, 1805), the first engagement of the War of the Third Coalition and one of Napoleon’s greatest victories. His 68,000 troops defeated almost 90,000 Russians and Austrians nominally under General M.I. Kutuzov, forcing Austria to make peace with France (Treaty of Pressburg) an...
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Three Emperors Dinner (French history)
...sauce having a fish stock base) and the famous sorrel soup potage Germiny. On June 7, 1867, the Café Anglais served the now-famous “Three Emperors Dinner” for three royal guests visiting Paris to attend the Universal Exposition. The diners included Tsar Alexander II of Russia; his son the tsarevich (later the tsar Alexander III); and ......
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Three Emperors’ League (European history)
an alliance in the latter part of the 19th century of Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Russia, devised by German chancellor Otto von Bismarck. It aimed at neutralizing the rivalry between Germany’s two neighbours by an agreement over their respective spheres of influence in the Balkans and at isolati...
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Three Faces of Eve, The (film by Johnson [1957])
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Three Fanfares for the Uncommon Woman (work by Tower)
...American composers include the Fanfare for the Common Man (1942) by Aaron Copland and Three Fanfares for the Uncommon Woman (1987–91) by Joan Tower. A fanfare commonly known as Ruffles and Flourishes is generally sounded before the march ......
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Three Fat Men, The (novel by Olesha)
Olesha’s second widely popular book, Tri tolstyaka (1928; The Three Fat Men), was written for both children and adults. It is a story set in an unknown land about an uprising led by the gunsmith Prospero. (The name is an allusion to the magician of William Shakespeare’s The Tempest.) The novel has the didactic and schemat...
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Three Feudatories, Revolt of the (Chinese history)
...the conquerors confronted a major rebellion led by three generals (among them Wu Sangui), former Ming adherents who had been given control over large parts of southern and southwestern China. That revolt, stimulated by Manchu attempts to cut back on the autonomous power of these generals, was finally suppressed in 1681. In 1683 the Qing finally eliminated the last stronghold of Ming loyalism......
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Three Forest Cantons, League of the (Swiss history)
(Aug. 1, 1291), the inaugural confederation from which, through a long series of accessions, Switzerland grew to statehood. The league was concluded by the representatives of three districts, Uri, Schwyz, and Nidwalden, for self-defense against all who might attack or trouble them. The league’s formation was prompted by the death (July 15, 1291) of Rudolf I...
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Three Games of Men (Mongolian national festival)
The most famous celebration of traditional ways is the annual Naadam festival of the Three Games of Men, beginning each year on July 11, National Day, and held in all provinces and counties. The festival has recorded roots going back 2,300 years or more. The first sport is wrestling, prominent in ancient times at religious festivals. The ritual entry into the arena of several hundred......
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Three Gate Gorge (gorge, China)
gorge enclosing one section of the Huang He (Yellow River) in western Henan province, eastern China. The gorge is the site of a large dam and hydroelectric installation....
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Three Girls in a Barque (painting by Macke)
...and Wassily Kandinsky. Macke avoided the often violent style of his fellow Expressionists, and he preferred human subjects to the animals that Marc and Kandinsky portrayed. In Three Girls in a Barque (1911), Macke combined the many styles he had recently discovered: the figures are rendered in flat colours and graceful lines reminiscent of Matisse, while the......
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Three Good Shepherds (sarcophagus)
...Roman works: the sarcophagi called the “Two Brothers” (Museo Cristiano), that of Junius Bassus, dated 359, another with columns (both in the grotto of St. Peter’s, Rome), that of the “Three Good Shepherds” (Vatican Museums), and, finally, one in S. Sebastiano, Rome, which contains several rare scenes from the story of Lot. While bearing witness to a renaissanc...
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Three Gorges (gorges, China)
As the Yangtze flows through eastern Sichuan and into western Hubei, it traverses for a distance of 125 miles (200 km) the famous Three Gorges region before debouching onto the plains to the east. The gorges have steep, sheer slopes composed mainly of thick limestone rocks. Prior to the completion of the Three Gorges Dam in 2006, they rose some 1,300 to 2,000 feet (400 to 600 metres) above the......
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Three Gorges Dam (dam, China)
dam on the Yangtze River (Chang Jiang) just west of the city of Yichang in Hubei province, China. A straight-crested concrete gravity structure, the Three Gorges Dam is 2,335 metres (7,660 feet) long with a maximum height of 185 me...
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Three Gorges Dam: Year In Review 1997
The Three Gorges Dam, on which preliminary construction began in 1993, was the largest engineering project in China. Upon its completion, scheduled for 2009, it would be the largest dam in the world and generate as much hydroelectricity as that produced by 15 coal-burning power stations. The dam, designed to span the Chang Jiang (Yangtze River) just west of th...
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three graces (Greek mythology)
in Greek religion, one of a group of goddesses of fertility. The name refers to the “pleasing” or “charming” appearance of a fertile field or garden. The number of Graces varied in different legends, but usually there were three: Aglaia (Brightness), Euphrosyne (Joyfulness), and Thalia...
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Three Graces (sculpture by Canova)
...and antiquities of the papal state. In 1810 he was made president of the Accademia di S. Luca in Rome (a position he was to hold for life). He sculpted his well-known Three Graces from 1812 to 1816. After having visited Paris to arrange for the return of Italian art treasures plundered by the French, he went to London (1815) to give his opinion on the Elgin......
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Three Great Principles (Chinese ideology)
the ideological basis of the political program of the Chinese Nationalist leader Sun Yat-sen (1866–1925), championing the principles of nationalism, democracy, and socialism....
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Three Guarantees, Army of the (Mexican history)
United as the Army of the Three Guarantees (independence, union, preservation of Roman Catholicism), the combined troops of Iturbide and Guerrero gained control of most of Mexico by the time Juan O’Donojú, appointed Spanish captain general, arrived in the viceregal capital. Without money, provisions, or troops, O’Donoj...
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Three Guineas (work by Woolf)
...Vanessa was so disconsolate that Virginia put aside her writing for a time to try to comfort her sister. Privately a lament over Julian’s death and publicly a diatribe against war, Three Guineas (1938) proposes answers to the question of how to prevent war. Woolf connected masculine symbols of authority with militarism and misogyny, an argument buttressed by note...
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Three Hebrews in the Fiery Furnace, The (Coptic painting)
...though the features of individual saints are distinguishable. An unusually lively piece is a fragment from Wādī Sarga (now in the British Museum) depicting the Old Testament story of the three Hebrews in the fiery furnace; the Hebrews are dressed in Eastern garb and Phrygian hats and are shown as being protected from death by an angel. A celebrated set of wall paintings are those....
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Three Henrys, War of the (French history)
(1587–89), the last of the Wars of Religion in France in the late 16th century, fought between the moderate but devious King Henry III, the ultra-Roman Catholic Henri I de Lorraine, 3e duc de Guise, and the Huguenot leader Henry of Bourbon, king of Navarre and ...
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Three Hours Devotion (Christianity)
...since 1955. The liturgy of Good Friday consists of the reading of the Gospel Passion narrative, the adoration of the cross, and communion. In the 17th century, following an earthquake in Peru, the Three Hour Service, a prayerful meditation on Jesus’ “Seven Last Words on the Cross,” was introduced to the Catholic liturgy by the Jesuits. It takes place between noon and 3 ...
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Three Hours Service (Christianity)
...since 1955. The liturgy of Good Friday consists of the reading of the Gospel Passion narrative, the adoration of the cross, and communion. In the 17th century, following an earthquake in Peru, the Three Hour Service, a prayerful meditation on Jesus’ “Seven Last Words on the Cross,” was introduced to the Catholic liturgy by the Jesuits. It takes place between noon and 3 ...
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Three Imperial Regalia (Japanese history)
81st emperor of Japan; his death in the famous naval Battle of Dannoura (1185) on the Inland Sea in western Japan resulted in the loss of the great sword that was one of the Three Imperial Regalia, the symbols of Imperial authority, supposedly brought to earth when the first Japanese emperor descended from heaven....
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Three Jewels (Buddhism and Jainism)
in Buddhism the Triratna comprises the Buddha, the dharma (doctrine, or teaching), and the sangha (the monastic order, or community). One becomes a Buddhist by saying the words “I go to the Buddha for refuge, I go to the Doctrine for refuge, I go to the Order for refuge.”...
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Three Kingdoms (ancient kingdoms, China)
(ad 220–280),trio of warring Chinese states that followed the demise of the Han dynasty (206 bc–ad 220)...
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“Three Kingdoms” (Chinese novel)
...14th-century historical novel Sanguo Yanyi (in full Sanguozhi Tongsu Yanyi; Romance of the Three Kingdoms), and since then he has been one of the most popular figures of Chinese legend and folklore, with various evil magic powers ascribed to him. Modern historians......
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Three Kingdoms period (Korean history)
in Korean history, the period (from c. 57 bc to ad 668) when the country was divided into the kingdoms of Silla, Koguryŏ, and Paekche....
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Three Kingdoms, Wars of the (English history)
(1642–51), fighting that took place in the British Isles between supporters of the monarchy of Charles I (and his son and successor, Charles II) and opposing groups in each of Charles’s kingdoms, including Parliamentarians in England, Covenanters in Scotland, and Confederates in Ireland. The civil wars are traditionally conside...
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Three Kings, Battle of the (Moroccan history)
(Aug. 4, 1578), defeat dealt the invading Portuguese armies of King Sebastian by the Saʿdī sultan of Morocco, ʿAbd al-Malik....
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