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  • hard news (journalism)
    Although the core of journalism has always been the news, the latter word has acquired so many secondary meanings that the term “hard news” has gained currency to distinguish items of definite news value from others of marginal significance. This is largely a consequence of the advent of radio and television reporting, which bring news bulletins to the public with speed that the......
  • hard palate (anatomy)
    in vertebrate anatomy, the roof of the mouth, separating the oral and nasal cavities. It consists of an anterior hard palate of bone and, in mammals, a posterior soft palate that has no skeletal support and terminates in a fleshy, elongated projection called the uvula....
  • hard pine (wood)
    Pines are softwoods, but commercially they may be designated as soft pines or hard pines. Soft pines, such as white, sugar, and piñon pines, have relatively soft timber, needles in bundles of five (less commonly, one to four), stalked cones with scales lacking prickles, and little resin. Their wood is close-grained, with thin, nearly white sapwood; the sheaths of the leaf clusters are......
  • hard porcelain (pottery)
    The three main types of porcelain are true, or hard-paste, porcelain; artificial, or soft-paste, porcelain; and bone china. Porcelain was first made in China—in a primitive form during the T’ang dynasty (618–907) and in the form best known in the West during the Yüan dynasty (1279–1368). This true, or hard-pa...
  • hard real-time system (computer science)
    ...schedules that handle all events even in a worst case and “soft” if missed deadlines are not fatal. An aircraft control system is a hard real-time system, as a single flight error might be fatal. An airline reservation system, on the other hand, is a soft real-time system, since a missed booking is rarely catastrophic....
  • hard red spring wheat
    Characteristic variations of the different types of wheat are important agricultural considerations. Hard wheats include the strong wheats of Canada (Manitoba) and the similar hard red spring (HRS) wheats of the United States. They yield excellent bread-making flour because of their high quantity of protein (approximately 12–15......
  • hard red winter wheat
    Wheats intermediate in character include the hard red winter (HRW) wheats of the central United States and wheat from Argentina. There are important differences between spring and winter varieties. Spring wheats, planted in the early spring, grow quickly and are normally harvested in late summer or early autumn. Winter wheats are planted in the autumn and harvested in late spring or early......
  • hard sauce (sauce)
    ...lemon juice, vinegar, or capers. For beurre blanc, a reduced seasoning liquid is beaten into softened butter before it can melt completely. Hard sauce, or brandy butter, is a stiff mixture of powdered sugar, butter, brandy, and......
  • hard software (computing)
    ...or “executing,” a program. By contrast, software programs and procedures that are permanently stored in a computer’s memory using a read-only (ROM) technology are called firmware, or “hard software.”...
  • hard tick (arachnid)
    This group has a worldwide distribution, and all species are assigned to three families: Argasidae, comprising the soft ticks, and Nuttalliellidae and Ixodidae, together comprising the hard ticks. The family Nuttalliellidae is represented by one rare African species....
  • Hard Times (novel by Dickens)
    The novels of these years, Bleak House (1852–53), Hard Times (1854), and Little Dorrit (1855–57), were much “darker” than their predecessors. Presenting a remarkably inclusive and increasingly sombre picture of contemporary society, they were inevitably often seen at the time as fictionalized propaganda about ephemeral issues. They are much more tha...
  • Hard Times: An Oral History of the Great Depression (work by Terkel)
    ...D.C., in 1977, dealt with the Soviet treatment of dissident writers. The American Clock, a series of dramatic vignettes based on Studs Terkel’s Hard Times (about the Great Depression), was produced at the 1980 American Spoleto Festival in Charleston, South Carolina. Later plays......
  • hard water (chemistry)
    water that contains salts of calcium and magnesium principally as bicarbonates, chlorides, and sulfates. Ferrous iron may also be present; oxidized to the ferric form, it appears as a reddish brown stain on washed fabrics and enameled surfaces. Water hardness that is caused by calcium bicarbonate is known as temporary, because boiling converts the bicarbonate to the insoluble carbonate; hardness ...
  • hard wheat (grain)
    ...produce flours that are suitable for products requiring minimal structure, such as cakes, cookies (sweet biscuits), piecrusts, and crackers. Hard wheats, which are high in protein (approximately 12–15 percent), produce flours that are suitable for products requiring stronger structure, such as breads, buns, hard rolls, and......
  • Hard Workin’ Man (album by Brooks & Dunn [1993])
    ...track of the album Brand New Man (1991), which also included the hit single Boot Scootin’ Boogie. Their second album, Hard Workin’ Man (1993), confirmed their popularity, immediately reaching third on the country music charts. With the laid-back Dunn singing and the wildly energetic Brooks playing...
  • hard X ray (physics)
    ...powerful rotating anode X-ray machines. The synchrotron sources can also be optimized for the vacuum-ultraviolet portion, the soft (low-energy) X-ray portion (between 20 and 200 angstroms), or the hard (high-energy) X-ray portion (1–20 angstroms) of the electromagnetic spectrum....
  • hard-boiled fiction (American literature)
    a tough, unsentimental style of American crime writing that brought a new tone of earthy realism or naturalism to the field of detective fiction. Hard-boiled fiction used graphic sex and violence, vivid but often sordid urban backgrounds, and fast-paced, slangy dialogue. Credit for the invention of the genre belongs to Dashiell Hammett (1894–1961), a former Pinkerton dete...
  • hard-chromium plating (technology)
    So-called hard-chromium plating likewise created a new way of improving the wear resistance of machine parts and improving their operation owing to good frictional and heat resistance properties. Worn or undersized parts were built up with chromium plate....
  • hard-cure salting
    ...off until the water content of the flesh is reduced to approximately 50 percent (the typical water content of fresh fish is 75 to 80 percent) and the salt content approaches 25 percent. In heavy or hard-cure salting, an additional step is taken in which warm air is forced over the surface of the fish until the water content is reduced to about 20 percent and the salt content is increased to......
  • hard-disk drive (computing)
    ...iron oxide. There are two types: hard disks made of rigid aluminum or glass, and removable diskettes made of flexible plastic. In 1956 the first magnetic hard drive (HD) was invented at IBM; consisting of 50 21-inch (53-cm) disks, it had a storage capacity of 5 megabytes. By the 1990s the standard HD diameter for PCs had shrunk to 3.5 inches (about......
  • hard-edge painting (art)
    Hard-edge painting is characterized by large, simplified, usually geometric forms on an overall flat surface; precise, razor-sharp contours; and broad areas of bright, unmodulated colour that have been stained into unprimed canvas. It differs from other types of geometric abstraction in that it rejects both lyrical and mathematical composition because, even in this simplified field, they are a......
  • hard-ground etching
    Any acid-resistant coating used to make an etching is called a ground. In the past a great variety of different grounds were used, and each master had his own formula. Most of them had wax as a basis, combined with various oils and varnishes. Today, the most commonly used ground consists of two parts Egyptian asphaltum, two parts beeswax, and one part resin. These ingredients are either......
  • hard-paste porcelain (pottery)
    The three main types of porcelain are true, or hard-paste, porcelain; artificial, or soft-paste, porcelain; and bone china. Porcelain was first made in China—in a primitive form during the T’ang dynasty (618–907) and in the form best known in the West during the Yüan dynasty (1279–1368). This true, or hard-pa...
  • hard-shell clam (mollusk)
    Many species, including the quahog, geoduck, and soft-shell clam, are edible. The northern quahog (Mercenaria mercenaria), also known as the cherrystone clam, littleneck clam, or hard-shell clam, and the southern quahog (M. campechiensis) belong to the family of venus clams (Veneridae). M. mercenaria is about 7.5......
  • hard-sphere molecule (chemistry)
    ...use of computers to generate theoretical expressions for the activity coefficients of solutions. In many cases the calculations have been restricted to model systems, in particular to mixtures of hard-sphere (envisioned as billiard balls) molecules—i.e., idealized molecules that have finite size but no forces of attraction. These calculations have produced a better understanding.....
  • Hardanger fiddle (musical instrument)
    regional fiddle of western Norway, invented in the late 17th century. It has four bowed strings positioned above four or five metal sympathetic strings. Although slightly smaller than the concert violin, the instrument is held and played in the same manner. It is used to perform rhythmically complex polyphonic music that accompanies a number o...
  • Hardanger Fjord (inlet, Norway)
    inlet, southwestern Norway. The country’s second largest fjord and one of the most scenic, it extends inland northeastward for 70 miles (113 km) from Stord Island, at its entrance in the North Sea, to the Hardanger Plateau and has a maximum depth of 2,922 feet (891 metres). Majestic mountains (risin...
  • Hardanger Plateau (plateau, Norway)
    plateau in southwestern Norway. The largest peneplain (an eroded, almost level plain) in Europe, it has an area of about 2,500 square miles (6,500 square km) and an average elevation of 3,500 feet (1,100 metres). It traditionally has been home to an important stock of wild reindeer, although reports in the early 21st century suggested that the number was in decline. It has many ...
  • Hardangerfele (musical instrument)
    regional fiddle of western Norway, invented in the late 17th century. It has four bowed strings positioned above four or five metal sympathetic strings. Although slightly smaller than the concert violin, the instrument is held and played in the same manner. It is used to perform rhythmically complex polyphonic music that accompanies a number o...
  • Hardap Dam (dam, Namibia)
    ...stop between Windhoek and Keetmanshoop. It was proclaimed a town in 1920 and a municipality in 1946. An important economic function of the town is the processing and transport of Karakul skins. The Hardap Dam on the Fish River, 14 miles (22 km) northwest of Mariental, is Namibia’s first large earth-fill dam and supplies electricity a...
  • Hardayal, Lala (Indian revolutionary)
    Indian revolutionary and scholar who was dedicated to the removal of British influence in India....
  • hardball roller hockey (sport)
    ...were quickly adopted by speed skaters and also inspired a new variety of roller hockey. The original form of roller hockey, also known as hardball roller hockey, is played with quad skates, a small hard ball, and curved sticks similar to those used in field hockey, and the sport’...
  • hardball squash rackets (sport)
    Two different varieties of game are played: softball (the so-called “British,” or “international,” version) and hardball (the “American” version). In softball, which is the standard game internationally, the game is played with a softer, slower ball on the kind of wide, tall court shown in the accompanying diagram. The ball stays in play far longer, and th...
  • hardboard
    Modern methods of furniture construction are largely based on the availability of man-made materials such as reliable plywood, laminated board, chipboard, and hardboard as distinct from natural solid wood. It is not merely that manufacturers prefer the one to the other but rather that these substances are free from the great drawback fundamental to wood—movement. Natural wood shrinks as......
  • hardcore punk (music)
    American band whose extensive touring and prolific recording helped to popularize hardcore punk, the genre that arose in California in the early 1980s in response to the punk movement of the 1970s. The original members were Greg Ginn (b. June 8, 1954), Chuck......
  • Hardecanute (king of Denmark and England)
    king of Denmark from 1028 to 1042 and of England from 1040 to 1042....
  • Hardee, William J. (Confederate general)
    Confederate general in the American Civil War (1861–65) who wrote a popular infantry manual used by both the North and the South....
  • Hardee, William Joseph (Confederate general)
    Confederate general in the American Civil War (1861–65) who wrote a popular infantry manual used by both the North and the South....
  • Hardeknud (king of Denmark and England)
    king of Denmark from 1028 to 1042 and of England from 1040 to 1042....
  • Harden, Marcia Gay (American actress)
    king of Denmark from 1028 to 1042 and of England from 1040 to 1042.......
  • Harden, Maximilian Felix Ernst (German journalist)
    political journalist, a spokesman for extreme German nationalism before and during World War I and a radical socialist after Germany’s defeat....
  • Harden, Sir Arthur (British biochemist)
    English biochemist and corecipient, with Hans von Euler-Chelpin, of the 1929 Nobel Prize for Chemistry for work on the fermentation of sugar and the enzyme action involved....
  • Hardenberg, Friedrich Leopold, Baron von (German poet)
    early German Romantic poet and theorist who greatly influenced later Romantic thought....
  • Hardenberg, Karl August, Fürst von (Prussian statesman)
    Prussian statesman and administrator, who preserved the integrity of the Prussian state during the Napoleonic Wars. Domestically he was able to continue the reforms introduced by Karl, Freiherr vom Stein; in foreign affairs he exchanged Prussia’s alliance with Fra...
  • Hardenberg und die Geschichte des preussischen Staates von 1793 bis 1813 (work by Ranke)
    ...books on the late 18th and early 19th centuries (Die deutschen Mächte und der Fürstenbund, 1871–72; Ursprung und Beginn der Revolutionskriege 1791 und 1792, 1875; Hardenberg und die Geschichte des preussischen Staates von 1793 bis 1813, 1877) are subtle accounts of complex political events but address themselves only indirectly to the central problems o...
  • hardening (technology)
    The setting and hardening of a cement is a continuous process, but two points are distinguished for test purposes. The initial setting time is the interval between the mixing of the cement with water and the time when the mix has lost plasticity, stiffening to a certain degree. It marks roughly the end of the period when the wet mix can be molded into shape. The final setting time is the point......
  • hardening off (horticulture)
    Frost injury to transplants can be prevented through processes that increase the plant’s ability to survive the impact of unfavourable environmental stress. This is known as hardening off. Hardening off of plants prior to transplanting can be accomplished by withholding water and fertilizer, especially nitrogen. This prevents formation of succulent tissue that is very frost-tender. Gradual....
  • Harder They Come, The (film by Henzell)
    Jamaican singer and songwriter who was instrumental in introducing reggae to an international audience, largely through his performance in the landmark film The Harder They Come (1972)....
  • Harder They Fall, The (novel by Schulberg)
    ...Office of Strategic Services. He was awarded the Army Commendation Ribbon for collecting visual evidence of Nazi war crimes for the Nürnberg trials. In 1947 he published his second novel, The Harder They Fall, a fictional exposé of corrupt practices in professional boxing. In 1950 his novel The Disenchanted won an American Library Award for fiction. In 1954 his......
  • Harderwijk (The Netherlands)
    gemeente (municipality), central Netherlands. Chartered in 1231, Harderwijk was an important port on the former Zuiderzee and was a member of the Hanseatic League. It now lies opposite Flevoland Oost, one of the polders created by the Dutch in their 20th-century project to drain part of the Zuiderzee (now called the I...
  • Hardey, Mary Ann (Roman Catholic nun)
    American religious leader who expanded the presence of the Society of the Sacred Heart, a Roman Catholic educational order, in the United States....
  • Hardey, Mother Mary Aloysia (Roman Catholic nun)
    American religious leader who expanded the presence of the Society of the Sacred Heart, a Roman Catholic educational order, in the United States....
  • Hardgrove Grindability Index (geology)
    ...in a laboratory mill of standard design. The percent by weight of the coal that passes through a 200-mesh sieve (a screen with openings of 74 micrometres, or 0.003 inch) is used to calculate the Hardgrove grindability index (HGI). The index is used as a guideline for sizing the grinding equipment in a coal-preparation plant....
  • Hardgrove test (geology)
    ...lignites and anthracites are more resistant to grinding than are bituminous coals. One commonly used method for assessing grindability is the Hardgrove test, which consists of grinding a specially prepared coal sample in a laboratory mill of standard design. The percent by weight of the coal that passes through a 200-mesh sieve (a screen......
  • Hardicanute (king of Denmark and England)
    king of Denmark from 1028 to 1042 and of England from 1040 to 1042....
  • Hardie, J. Keir (British labour leader)
    British labour leader, first to represent the workingman in Parliament as an Independent (1892) and first to lead the Labour Party in the House of Commons (1906). A dedicated socialist, he was also an outspoken pacifist (from the time of the South African, or Boer, War, 1899–1902) and the chief adviser (from 1903) to ...
  • Hardie, James Keir (British labour leader)
    British labour leader, first to represent the workingman in Parliament as an Independent (1892) and first to lead the Labour Party in the House of Commons (1906). A dedicated socialist, he was also an outspoken pacifist (from the time of the South African, or Boer, War, 1899–1902) and the chief adviser (from 1903) to ...
  • Hardin, Frieda Mae (American naval yoemanette)
    American naval “yeomanette” (b. Sept. 22, 1896, Eden Valley, Minn.—d. Aug. 9, 2000, Livermore, Calif.), enlisted in the Naval Reserve in 1918, at a time when many women were denied the vote. She worked as a clerk at the Norfolk (Va.) Naval Shipyard in Portsmouth, Va., from September 1918 to March 1919, a...
  • Hardin, John Wesley (American outlaw)
    most notorious killer and quick-draw gunman of the Texas frontier. He killed at least 21 men in gun duels and ambushes in the period 1868–77....
  • Hardin, Lil (American musician)
    ...cornet. Oliver’s Creole Jazz Band was the apex of the early, contrapuntal New Orleans ensemble style, and it included outstanding musicians such as the brothers Johnny and Baby Dodds and pianist Lil Hardin, who married Armstrong in 1924. The young Armstrong became popular through his ingenious ensemble lead and second cornet lines, his cornet duet passages (called “breaks”)...
  • Harding, Allan Francis (British military officer)
    British army officer, noted as the leader of the North African “Desert Rats” in World War II....
  • Harding, Chester (American painter)
    American painter of Romantic portraits of prominent American and English figures from the early 19th century....
  • Harding Commission (British-South African history)
    ...in 1843. Theophilus Shepstone received an appointment in 1845 as a diplomatic agent (later secretary for native affairs), and his position served as a prototype for later native commissioners. The Harding Commission (1852) set aside reserves for Africans, and missionaries and pliant chiefs were brought in to persuade Africans to work. After 1849 Africans became subject to a hut tax intended to....
  • Harding fiddle (musical instrument)
    regional fiddle of western Norway, invented in the late 17th century. It has four bowed strings positioned above four or five metal sympathetic strings. Although slightly smaller than the concert violin, the instrument is held and played in the same manner. It is used to perform rhythmically complex polyphonic music that accompanies a number o...
  • Harding, Florence (American first lady)
    American first lady (1921–23), the wife of Warren G. Harding, 29th president of the United States. Energetic, strong-willed, and popular, she was an important influence on her husband’s business and political careers....
  • Harding Icefield (icefield, Alaska, United States)
    ...8,000 feet. The highest peaks are in the sharp bend of the arc, where Mount Marcus Baker rises to 13,176 feet. The mountains are extremely rugged and heavily glaciated, resulting in the Sargent and Harding ice fields in the Kenai Mountains (on the Kenai Peninsula) and the Bagley Ice Field in the eastern Chugach Mountains. Numerous long and spectacular glaciers descend from the crests of these.....
  • Harding, John, Baron Harding of Petherton (British military officer)
    British army officer, noted as the leader of the North African “Desert Rats” in World War II....
  • Harding, Karl Ludwig (German astronomer)
    astronomer, discovered (1804) and named Juno, third minor planet to be detected. He studied at the University of Göttingen under Georg Lichtenberg and later served as assistant to J.H. Schröter at Schröter’s Lilienthal Observatory. In 1805 Harding returned as a professor to G...
  • Harding, Rebecca Blaine (American author)
    American essayist and writer, remembered primarily for her story “Life in the Iron Mills,” which is considered a transitional work of American realism....
  • Harding, Saint Stephen (Roman Catholic abbot)
    third abbot of Cîteaux (Latin: Cistercium) and a founder of the Cistercian Order....
  • Harding, Sandra (American philosopher)
    Amplifying this point, the feminist philosophers Sandra Harding, Lorraine Code, and Helen Longino noted that “communities of knowers”—those recognized as experts in some field of inquiry—were remarkably homogeneous, not only with respect to sex but also with respect to race, ethnicity, and sexual orientation. Most such knowers, in other words, were white, Western,......
  • Harding, Thomas (English theologian and controversialist)
    ...by Mandell Creighton as “the first methodical statement of the position of the Church of England against the Church of Rome.” After Thomas Harding, who had been deprived of the title of prebendary (honorary canon) of Salisbury, published his Answer to Jewel in 1564, Jewel wrote his ......
  • Harding, Tonya (American figure skater)
    ...Among these past champions, however, only Gordeeva and Grinkov managed to earn a gold medal at Lillehammer. In the women’s competition the major story centred on Americans Nancy Kerrigan and Tonya Harding. About a month before the Games were to begin, Harding was implicated in an attempt to injure Kerrigan. Harding filed a lawsuit against the U.S. Olympic Committee, seeking an injunction...
  • Harding, Warren (American rock climber)
    American rock climber (b. June 18, 1924, Oakland, Calif.—d. Feb. 27, 2002, Happy Valley, Calif.), was the first climber to scale El Capitan, the 1,098-m (3,604-ft) granite monolith in Yosemite National Park. Daring and charismatic, Harding brought unprecedented attention to ...
  • Harding, Warren G. (president of United States)
    29th president of the United States (1921–23). Pledging a nostalgic “return to normalcy” following World War I, Harding won the presidency by the greatest popular vote margin to that time. He died during his third year in office and was succeeded by Vice President Calvin Coolidge. His brief administration accomplished little of lasting value, however, and soon after his death ...
  • Harding, Warren Gamaliel (president of United States)
    29th president of the United States (1921–23). Pledging a nostalgic “return to normalcy” following World War I, Harding won the presidency by the greatest popular vote margin to that time. He died during his third year in office and was succeeded by Vice President Calvin Coolidge. His brief administration accomplished little of lasting value, however, and soon after his death ...
  • Hardinge of Lahore and Kings Newton, Henry Hardinge, 1st Viscount (governor general of India)
    British soldier and statesman who was governor-general of India in 1844–48....
  • Hardinge of Penshurst, Charles Hardinge, 1st Baron (viceroy of India)
    British diplomat and viceroy of India who improved British relations in India and was instrumental in securing India’s support for Great Britain in World War I....
  • Hardinge, Sir Arthur (commissioner of East Africa)
    ...the British government made Buganda a protectorate and paid the company £250,000 to surrender its charter to the area that is now Kenya. The East Africa Protectorate was then proclaimed, with Sir Arthur Hardinge as the first commissioner. Initially the British government did not attach much importance to the new protectorate because Hardinge continued to reside in Zanzibar, where he......
  • hardingfela (musical instrument)
    regional fiddle of western Norway, invented in the late 17th century. It has four bowed strings positioned above four or five metal sympathetic strings. Although slightly smaller than the concert violin, the instrument is held and played in the same manner. It is used to perform rhythmically complex polyphonic music that accompanies a number o...
  • Hardingfele (musical instrument)
    regional fiddle of western Norway, invented in the late 17th century. It has four bowed strings positioned above four or five metal sympathetic strings. Although slightly smaller than the concert violin, the instrument is held and played in the same manner. It is used to perform rhythmically complex polyphonic music that accompanies a number o...
  • hardness (physics)
    resistance of a mineral to scratching, described relative to a standard such as the Mohs hardness scale. Hardness is an important diagnostic property in mineral identification. There is a general link between hardness and chemical composition (via crystal structure); thus, most hydrous minerals, halides, carbonates, sulfates, and phosphates ...
  • hardness tester (device)
    device that indicates the hardness of a material, usually by measuring the effect on its surface of a localized penetration by a standardized rounded or pointed indenter of diamond, carbide, or hard steel....
  • Hardoi (India)
    city, central Uttar Pradesh state, northern India. It lies northwest of Lucknow on the Northern Railway, at a major road junction. Hardoi is a market for grain and other crops. The city’s industries include sugar milling, processing of potassium nitrate, and woodworking....
  • Hardouin, Jean (French scholar)
    French Jesuit scholar who edited numerous secular and ecclesiastical works, most notably the texts of the councils of the Christian church....
  • Hardouin-Mansart, Jules (French architect)
    French architect and city planner to King Louis XIV who completed the design of Versailles....
  • hardpan (geology)
    calcium-rich duricrust, a hardened layer in or on a soil. It is formed on calcareous materials as a result of climatic fluctuations in arid and semiarid regions. Calcite is dissolved in groundwater and, under drying conditions, is precipitated as the water evaporates at the surface. Rainwater saturated with ...
  • hardpan (pedology)
    Tillage, particularly conventional plowing, may create a hardpan, or plow sole; that is, a compacted layer just below the zone disturbed by tillage. Such layers are more prevalent with increasing levels of mechanization; they reduce crop yields and must be shattered, allowing water to be stored in and below the shattered zone for later crops....
  • Hardscrabble (Illinois, United States)
    city, La Salle county, north-central Illinois, U.S. It lies on the Vermilion (locally Vermillion) River, about 90 miles (145 km) southwest of Chicago. The first permanent settlement in the area, established in the mid-19th century, was called Hardscrabble, for the difficult climb up from the river. It was known as Unionville after the ...
  • hardstone
    Among the semiprecious stones used in jewelry are amethyst, garnet, aquamarine, amber, jade, turquoise, opal, lapis lazuli, and malachite. Matrix jewelry is cut from a stone such as opal or turquoise and the surrounding natural material, or matrix....
  • Hardt Mountains (mountains, Germany)
    mountain range in Rheinland-Pfalz Land (state), southwestern Germany. They comprise the eastern part of the Pfälzer Forest Mountains and lie west of the Rhine River basin, extending from the French border to a point about 20 miles (30 km) south of Mainz. Th...
  • hardun (lizard)
    Agama agama, a common gray lizard with a red or yellow head, is well adapted to gardens and to the bush and grasslands. The hardun (A. stellio), which is common in northern Egypt, has a tail ringed with spiked scales, giving it a ferocious appearance....
  • Hardwar (India)
    city, northwestern Uttarakhand state, northern India. Haridwar lies along the Ganges (Ganga) River, at the boundary between the Indo-Gangetic Plain (south) and the Himalayan foothills (north). It is the site of the headworks of the Ganges Canal system. Haridwar is one of the seven sacred cities of the Hi...
  • hardware (computing)
    Computer machinery and equipment, including memory, cabling, power supply, peripheral devices, and circuit boards. Computer operation requires both hardware and software. Hardware design specifies a computer’s capability; software instructs the computer on what t...
  • hardware (building)
    mechanical device for securing a door or receptacle so that it cannot be opened except by a key or by a series of manipulations that can be carried out only by a person knowing the secret or code....
  • Hardwick, Elizabeth (American writer)
    American novelist, short-story writer, and essayist known for her eloquent literary and social criticism....
  • Hardwick, Elizabeth Bruce (American writer)
    American novelist, short-story writer, and essayist known for her eloquent literary and social criticism....
  • Hardwick, Thomas W. (American politician)
    In 1922 Governor Thomas W. Hardwick of Georgia, in a symbolic gesture, appointed Felton to fill the U.S. Senate seat left vacant by the death of Senator Thomas E. Watson, whose antagonism to former President Woodrow Wilson and all of his policies she heartily shared. She served only two days, November 21–22, 1922, before being......
  • Hardwicke of Hardwicke, Baron (English lawyer)
    English lord chancellor, whose grasp of legal principle and study of the historical foundations of equity, combined with his knowledge of Roman civil law, enabled him to establish the principles and limits of the English system of equity....
  • Hardwicke, Philip Yorke, 1st earl of, Viscount Royston (English lawyer)
    English lord chancellor, whose grasp of legal principle and study of the historical foundations of equity, combined with his knowledge of Roman civil law, enabled him to establish the principles and limits of the English system of equity....
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