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Hoche, Louis-Lazare (French general)
general of the French Revolutionary Wars who drove the Austro-Prussian armies from Alsace in 1793 and suppressed the counterrevolutionary uprising in the Vendée (1794–96)....
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Hocheifel (region, Germany)
...and the Luxembourg and Belgian frontiers. Continuous with the Ardennes and the Hohes Venn (French: Haute Fagnes) of Belgium, the German plateau falls into three sections: Schneifel or Schnee-Eifel, Hocheifel, and Voreifel. In the Schneifel (German: “Snow Eifel”), near the Belgian frontier, scrub and forest are common, with cultivation only on the richer soils. The Hocheifel......
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Hochelaga (historical site, Quebec, Canada)
The site of Montreal was called Hochelaga by the Huron Indians when Jacques Cartier, a French navigator and explorer, visited it in 1535–36 on his second voyage to the New World. More than 1,000 Indians welcomed him on the slope of the mountain that he named Mont Réal, or Mont Royal. More than 50 years elapsed before other Frenchmen returned, this time with Samuel de Champlain, the.....
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Hochelaga Archipelago (islands, Quebec, Canada)
...metropolitan area of Canada. The present city proper occupies about three-fourths of Montreal Island (Île de Montréal), the largest of the 234 islands of the Hochelaga Archipelago, one of three archipelagoes near the confluence of the Ottawa and St. Lawrence rivers. The city is built around and up Mount Royal (Mont-Royal), which rises 763 feet (233......
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Hochgolling (mountain, Austria)
...Austria; lying between the Enns and Mur rivers, it extends 75 miles (120 km) westward to the headstreams of the two rivers. The scenic, well-forested mountains rise to their highest elevation at Hochgolling (9,393 feet [2,863 m]), and a road crosses the range at the Radstädter Tauern (pass; 5,705 feet). The range is divided into the Radstädter Tauern, Schladminger Tauern, and......
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Hochheim, Eckehart von (German mystic)
Dominican theologian and writer who was the greatest German speculative mystic. In the transcripts of his sermons in German and Latin, he charts the course of union between the individual soul and God....
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Hochheim, Eckhart von (German mystic)
Dominican theologian and writer who was the greatest German speculative mystic. In the transcripts of his sermons in German and Latin, he charts the course of union between the individual soul and God....
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Hochhuth, Rolf (German writer)
German dramatic movement that arose during the early 1960s, associated primarily with Rolf Hochhuth, Peter Weiss, and Heinar Kipphardt. Their political plays examined recent historical events, often through official documents and court records. Their concern that the West, and especially Germany, was forgetting the political horrors of the Nazi era led them to explore themes of guilt and......
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Hochmichele barrow (archaeological site, Germany)
Outside the hill-fort were a number of princely graves, including the Hochmichele barrow, which dates from the 6th century bc and is noted for its wagon grave, located in a great central burial chamber formed of sawed wooden planks nearly 20 feet (6 m) long. ...
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Hochrhein (river, Switzerland)
...section the Rhine has been straightened and the banks reinforced to prevent flooding. The Rhine leaves the lake via its Untersee arm. From there to its bend at Basel, the river is called the Hochrhein (“High Rhine”) and defines the Swiss-German frontier, except for the area below Stein am Rhein, where the frontier deviates so that the Rhine Falls at Schaffhausen are entirely......
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Hochschule für Gestaltung (school, Ulm, Germany)
...as well. Even in war-ravaged West Germany, design was given a boost by the establishment of the Hochschule für Gestaltung in Ulm, or the Ulm Design School (1953–68), which was often considered a successor to the Bauhaus. One of its founders was the typeface designer Otl Aicher, a corporate-branding specialist, noted author of....
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Hochsprache (language)
...Switzerland no more than written English does in the United States and the British Commonwealth. As a spoken language, however, German exists in far more varieties than English. At one extreme is Standard German (Hochsprache), based on the written form of the language and used in radio, television, public lectures, the theatre, schools, and universities. It is relatively uniform, although......
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Höchst (Germany)
modeller in porcelain, best known of the artists associated with the great German porcelain factory at Höchst. As a child he showed an interest in drawing, painting, and sculpture, and a relative apprenticed him to a sculptor in Düsseldorf. He became sufficiently well known to be named Modellmeister at the Höchst factory, a position he held from 1767 to 1779....
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Hochzeitsturm (building, Darmstadt, Germany)
...as a central hall for meetings and studios, which shows the influence of the Scottish architect Charles Rennie Mackintosh. He also designed the Hochzeitsturm (1907; Marriage Tower) at Darmstadt, which had rounded, fingerlike projections on its roof suggestive of Art Nouveau but also had bands of windows denoting a distinctly modern trend....
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hocket (music)
in medieval polyphonic (multipart) music, the device of alternating between parts, single notes, or groups of notes. The result is a more or less continuous flow with one voice resting while the other voice sounds....
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hockey (sport)
in medieval polyphonic (multipart) music, the device of alternating between parts, single notes, or groups of notes. The result is a more or less continuous flow with one voice resting while the other voice sounds.......
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hockey puck (ice hockey)
game between two teams, each usually having six players, who wear skates and compete on an ice rink. The object is to propel a vulcanized rubber disk, the puck, past a goal line and into a net guarded by a goaltender, or goalie. With its speed and its frequent physical contact, ice hockey has become one of the most popular of international sports. The game is an Olympic sport, and worldwide......
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hocking (English folk festival)
...defeated and led away as captives by English women. This was meant to represent the massacre of the Danes by King Ethelred in 1002, although some scholars believe that the play had its beginnings in hocking, a still older custom of the folk festivals. On Hock Monday women went out with ropes, hocking, or capturing, any man they met and exacting a forfeit. Men were allowed to retaliate in kind o...
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Hocking, William Ernest (American philosopher)
...type, so called because it was founded by one of America’s most distinguished philosophers, the absolute Idealist and personal pantheist Josiah Royce (1855–1916), and developed by his disciple W.E. Hocking (1873–1966). The American philosopher of religion Borden Parker Bowne (1847–1910) founded another important American school, that of Personalism, a Kantian- and Lo...
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Hockney, David (British artist)
English painter, draftsman, printmaker, photographer, and stage designer whose works are characterized by economy of technique, a preoccupation with light, and a frank, mundane realism derived from Pop art and photography....
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Hocktide play (English folk play)
a folk play formerly given at Coventry, Eng., on Hock Tuesday (the second Tuesday after Easter). The play was suppressed at the Protestant Reformation because of disorders attendant on it but was revived for the entertainment of Queen Elizabeth I at the Kenilworth Revel...
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hocquet (music)
in medieval polyphonic (multipart) music, the device of alternating between parts, single notes, or groups of notes. The result is a more or less continuous flow with one voice resting while the other voice sounds....
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Höd (German mythology)
...favourite of the gods. Most legends about him concern his death. Icelandic stories tell how the gods amused themselves by throwing objects at him, knowing that he was immune from harm. The blind god Höd, deceived by the evil Loki, killed Balder by hurling mistletoe, the only thing that could hurt him. After Balder’s funeral, the giantess Thökk, probably Loki in disguise, re...
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“Hoda Aljadidah, al-” (American newspaper)
...Most of these writers came from Christian Lebanese families. A feeling of nostalgia often led them to form literary circles or launch magazines or newspapers. (The Arabic-language newspaper al-Hudā [or Al-Hoda, “The Guidance”], established in 1898, was published in New York City as al-Hudā......
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“Hodayot” (Dead Sea Scroll)
One of the most important Essene works is the Hodayot (“Praises”)—a modern Hebrew name for the Thanksgiving Psalms. This scroll contains sectarian hymns of praise to God. In its view of the fleshly nature of man, who can be justified only by God’s undeserved grace, it resembles St. Paul’s approach to the same problem. Some scholars think that the wo...
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hodēgētria (Christian art)
...Madonna in Byzantine art are the nikopoia (“bringer of victory”), an extremely regal image of the Madonna and Child enthroned; the hodēgētria (“she who points the way”), showing a standing Virgin holding the Child on her left arm (see photograph); and the blacherniotissa (from the Church......
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Hodeida, Al- (Yemen)
city, western Yemen. It is situated on the Tihāmah coastal plain that borders the Red Sea. It is one of the nation’s chief ports and has modern facilities. Al-Ḥudaydah, first mentioned in Islamic chronicles in 1454/55, became important in the 1520s when the Yemeni Tihāmah was taken by the Ottomans...
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Hodes, Art (American pianist)
American jazz and blues pianist known for the emotional commitment of his playing. He is regarded by many critics as the greatest white blues pianist, and he was also a noted jazz writer, historian, and teacher....
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Ḥodesh, ha- (Judaism)
...Sabbath precedes the festival of Purim. On Para (“red heifer”), Numbers 19:1–22 admonishes the Jews to be ritually pure for the approaching festival of Passover (Pesaḥ). Ha-Ḥodesh (“the month”) falls shortly before Passover; the text is from Exodus 12:1–20. These four Sabbaths are known by the collective Hebrew name arbaʿ parashi...
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Hodge, Charles (American scholar)
conservative American biblical scholar and a leader of the “Princeton School” of Reformed, or Calvinist, theology....
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Hodge conjecture (mathematics)
in algebraic geometry, assertion that for certain “nice” spaces (projective algebraic varieties), their complicated shapes can be covered (approximated) by a collection of simpler geometric pieces called algebraic cycles. The conjecture was first formulated by British mathematician William Hodge in 1941, though ...
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Hodge, John R. (United States general)
...38th parallel. In North Korea indigenous Marxists under Kim Il-sung took control with Soviet assistance and began to organize a totalitarian state. In South Korea General John R. Hodge, lacking firm instructions from Washington, began as early as the autumn of 1945 to establish defense forces and police and to move toward a separate administration. He also permitted......
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Hodge, Sir William Vallance Douglas (British mathematician)
...38th parallel. In North Korea indigenous Marxists under Kim Il-sung took control with Soviet assistance and began to organize a totalitarian state. In South Korea General John R. Hodge, lacking firm instructions from Washington, began as early as the autumn of 1945 to establish defense forces and police and to move toward a separate administration. He also permitted.........
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Hodgenville (Kentucky, United States)
city, seat (1843) of Larue county, central Kentucky, U.S. It lies along the Nolin River just southeast of Elizabethtown. The area was settled in 1789 by Robert Hodgen, who moved there from Pennsylvania and erected a mill and tavern. The city is now an agricultural trading centre (beef, dairy products...
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Hodges, C. Walter (British author)
...the rusty tradition of Marryat and George Alfred Henty. Some of its foremost representatives were Cynthia Harnett, Serraillier, Barbara Leonie Picard, Ronald Welch (pseudonym of Ronald O. Felton), C. Walter Hodges, Hester Burton, Mary Ray, Naomi Mitchison, and K.M. Peyton, whose “Flambards” series is a kind of Edwardian historical family chronicle. Leon Garfield, though not workin...
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Hodges, Courtney Hicks (United States general)
American army officer who led the First Army across western Europe in 1944–45 during World War II....
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Hodges, Gil (American baseball player)
Early Mets rosters were populated with popular New York ballplayers from a bygone era—over-the-hill veterans such as Gil Hodges, Duke Snider, and Yogi Berra—coached by Casey Stengel, the Yankees manager during their string of five consecutive World Series championships (1949–53). This nostalgic effort did not translate into success on the field, and the team earned the......
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Hodges, John Cornelius (American musician)
American jazz saxophonist who was a featured soloist in Duke Ellington’s orchestra. Renowned for the beauty of his tone and his mastery of ballads, Hodges was among the most influential sax players in the history of jazz....
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Hodges, Johnny (American musician)
American jazz saxophonist who was a featured soloist in Duke Ellington’s orchestra. Renowned for the beauty of his tone and his mastery of ballads, Hodges was among the most influential sax players in the history of jazz....
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Hodgins, Jack (Canadian author)
...confronting women in innovative short stories (Real Mothers [1981]) and novels (Intertidal Life, 1984; Graven Images, 1993; Isobel Gunn, 1999). Jack Hodgins maps a surreal island world in The Invention of the World (1977) and The Macken Charm (1995), mock-epics that both feature larger-than-life, eccentric......
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Hodgkin disease (pathology)
an uncommon cancer of the lymphatic system (malignant lymphoma) that usually strikes young adults and people 55 years of age or older. Most patients can be cured if the disease is detected in its early stages, but even those with advanced Hodgkin disease have a significant chance of recovery. The overall c...
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Hodgkin, Dorothy Mary Crowfoot (British chemist)
English chemist whose determination of the structure of penicillin and vitamin B12 brought her the 1964 Nobel Prize for Chemistry....
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Hodgkin, Sir Alan (British biophysicist)
English physiologist and biophysicist, who received (with Andrew Fielding Huxley and Sir John Eccles) the 1963 Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine for the discovery of the chemical processes responsible for the passage of impulses along individual nerve fibres....
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Hodgkin, Sir Alan Lloyd (British biophysicist)
English physiologist and biophysicist, who received (with Andrew Fielding Huxley and Sir John Eccles) the 1963 Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine for the discovery of the chemical processes responsible for the passage of impulses along individual nerve fibres....
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Hodgkin, Thomas (British physician)
English physician who early described (1832) the malignant disease of lymph tissue that bears his name....
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Hodgkinson, Eaton (English mathematician and civil engineer)
English mathematician and civil engineer. From 1847 he taught at University College in London. He researched the strength of materials, including cast iron and developed a concept for determining the neutral line (where stress changes from tension to compression) in a bea...
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Hodgman, Eleanor (American novelist)
American novelist, creator of the Pollyanna series of books that generated a popular phenomenon....
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Hodgson, Frances Eliza (American author)
American playwright and author who wrote the popular novel Little Lord Fauntleroy....
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Hodgson, George (Canadian athlete)
Canadian swimmer who won two gold medals at the 1912 Olympic Games in Stockholm and set several world records. Hodgson was undefeated in three years of international swimming competition. His 1912 world record time of 22 min in the 1,500-metre freestyle remained unbroken...
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Hodgson, Ralph (British poet)
poet noted for simple and mystical lyrics that express a love of nature and a concern for modern man’s progressive alienation from it....
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Hodh Basin (basin, Africa)
In the southeast the vast Hodh Basin, with its dunes, sandstone plateaus, and immense regs, is a major livestock-raising region, the economy of which has many links with neighbouring Mali....
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Hodja, Enver (prime minister of Albania)
the first communist chief of state of Albania. As that country’s ruler for 40 years after World War II, he forced its transformation from a semifeudal relic of the Ottoman Empire...
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Hodler, Ferdinand (Swiss artist)
one of the most important Swiss painters of the late 19th and early 20th century....
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Hodler, Marc (Swiss lawyer and sports administrator)
Swiss lawyer and sports administrator (b. Oct. 26, 1918, Bern, Switz.—d. Oct. 18, 2006, Bern), blew the whistle in 1998 on Olympic officials from Salt Lake City, Utah, and other cities for alleged bribery, vote buying, and other forbidden activities; his public allegations triggered an international corruption scandal...
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Hodna, Chott el- (lake, Algeria)
shallow saline lake in north-central Algeria. It is separated from the Tell Atlas to the north by the Hodna Mountains. The lake occupies the bottom of an arid depression (elevation of 1,280 feet [390 m]) in the Hodna Plain and serves as an interior ...
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hodonymy (linguistics)
...is the understanding of the term toponymy, then the uninhabited places (e.g., fields, small parts of forests) are called microtoponymy; names of streets, roads, and the like are called hodonymy; names of bodies of water, hydronymy; names of mountains, oronymy. Additional terms are not generally used (though one occasionally hears words like chrematonymy—names of things)....
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Hodson, William Stephen Raikes (British cavalry leader)
British cavalry leader in India, whose reputation was clouded by charges of fraud and mistreatment....
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Hodur, Francis (American clergyman)
...Sacred Hearts of Jesus and Mary Parish in Scranton, Pa., founded an independent parish under the leadership of their former curate, Reverend Francis Hodur. They launched a petition calling for ownership by Polish parishes of property built by their members, parish-wide elections of administrators of such property, and no appointment by......
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Hodža, Milan (Slovak politician)
...counterbalanced by other parties seeking closer contacts with the corresponding Czech groups; the most significant contribution to that effort was made by two Slovak parties, the Agrarians under Milan Hodža and the Social Democrats under Ivan Dérer. The strongest single party in Czechoslovakia’s opening period, the Social Democracy, was split in 1920 by internal struggles; ...
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hoe (agriculture)
one of the oldest tools of agriculture, a digging implement consisting of a blade set at right angles to a long handle. The blade of the modern hoe is metal and the handle of wood; earlier versions, including the picklike mattock, had stone or wooden blades; the digging stick, precursor of most modern agricultural handtools, was simply a sharpened branch some...
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Hoe, Richard March (American inventor and manufacturer)
American inventor who developed and manufactured the first successful rotary printing press....
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Hoe, Robert (American inventor and manufacturer)
American printing-press manufacturer who, as head (1823–33) of R. Hoe and Company, bought (1827) and improved Samuel Rust’s patent for a wrought-iron framed printing press and successfully manufactured it as the “Washington” press....
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hoecake (food)
There are numerous regional variations of cornbread. The simplest are hoecakes, a mixture of cornmeal, water, and salt, so named because they were originally baked on the flat of a hoe over a wood fire. Johnnycakes and corn pone are somewhat thicker cakes that may have added ingredients such as fat or wheat flour. Spoonbread, a misnomer, actually denotes a cornmeal pudding. The usual Southern......
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Hoechst AG (German company)
former German chemical concern founded in 1863 in the Höchst quarter of Frankfurt am Main. Originally a producer of dyestuffs, it had become, by the late 20th century, one of the world’s largest producers of pharmaceuticals. In 1999 it merged with French pharmaceutical company Rhône-Poulenc...
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Hoechst Aktiengesellschaft (German company)
former German chemical concern founded in 1863 in the Höchst quarter of Frankfurt am Main. Originally a producer of dyestuffs, it had become, by the late 20th century, one of the world’s largest producers of pharmaceuticals. In 1999 it merged with French pharmaceutical company Rhône-Poulenc...
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Hoefer, J. C. F. (German editor)
...philologist Johann Cristoph Adelung and others and is still of value today. The field of international biography is not a simple one to tackle, and there were only two further efforts of note: J.C.F. Hoefer compiled the Nouvelle Biographie générale (1852–66; “New General Biography”), and J.F. Michaud was responsible for the Biographie......
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Høeg, Peter (Danish author)
...of Slaves)—was well received. In the 1980s, fictional biographies based on authentic documents gained popularity. Among Danish prose writers at the end of the 20th century, Peter Høeg won the greatest international following. His novel Frøken Smillas fornemmelse for sne (1992; Miss Smilla’s Feeling for Snow, or Smilla...
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Høegh-Guldberg, Ove (Danish statesman)
Danish statesman who was a powerful minister during the reign of the mentally unstable king Christian VII....
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Hoek van Holland (The Netherlands)
...salt line had reached alarming proportions as a result of the improvement in the navigational approaches to the port, effected by the construction of the channel known as the New Waterway from the Hook of Holland....
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Hoeken (people)
...land reclamation, and the towns profited by growing trade and fishery enterprises. A disputed succession on the death of William IV (1345) led to a prolonged civil war between factions known as the Hooks (Hoeken) and the Cods (Kabeljauwen), who came to represent rival aristocratic and middle-class parties, respectively. The issue was finally settled with the intervention of the house of......
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Hoeksen (people)
...land reclamation, and the towns profited by growing trade and fishery enterprises. A disputed succession on the death of William IV (1345) led to a prolonged civil war between factions known as the Hooks (Hoeken) and the Cods (Kabeljauwen), who came to represent rival aristocratic and middle-class parties, respectively. The issue was finally settled with the intervention of the house of......
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Hoel, Halvor Nielsen (Norwegian politician)
peasant agitator who influenced peasant opinion against Norway’s early 19th-century political leaders....
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Hoel, Sigurd (Norwegian novelist)
novelist who is considered most representative of the interwar generation of fiction writers in Norway. He was the first Norwegian writer of fiction to be directly influenced by psychoanalysis....
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Hoenir (Norse mythology)
...satisfaction or equal status. Declaring war instead, the Aesir suffered numerous defeats before granting equality. The Vanir sent their gods Njörd and Freyr to live with the Aesir and received Hoenir and Mimir in exchange. The birth of the poet-god Kvasir resulted from the peace ritual in which the two races mingled their saliva in the same vessel. ...
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Hœnsa-Thoris saga (Icelandic saga)
...saga describes a chieftain who murders his shepherd, is then tortured and humiliated for his crime, and finally takes cruel revenge on one of his tormentors. The hero who gives his name to Hœnsa-Thoris saga is a man of humble background who makes money as a peddler and becomes a wealthy but unpopular landowner. His egotism creates trouble in the neighbourhood, and after he....
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Hoerni, Jean (American engineer)
In 1958 Jean Hoerni, another Fairchild Semiconductor founder, engineered a process to place a layer of silicon oxide on top of transistors, sealing out dirt, dust, and other contaminants. For Noyce, Hoerni’s process made a fundamental innovation possible. At that time, Fairchild produced transistors and other elements on large silicon wafers, cut the components out of the wafer, and later.....
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Hoes, Hannah (wife of Martin Van Buren)
the wife of Martin Van Buren, eighth president of the United States. She died 18 years before her husband was sworn in as president and so did not serve as first lady....
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Hoess, Rudolf Franz (German Nazi commandant)
German soldier and Nazi partisan who served as commandant of the Auschwitz extermination camp (1940–45), during a period when as many as 1,000,000 to 2,500,000 inmates perished there....
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Hoëvell, Wolter Robert, Baron van (Dutch statesman)
statesman and member of the Dutch Parliament who was largely responsible for ending the exploitive colonial Culture System, which extracted wealth from the Dutch East Indies from 1830 to about 1860, and who advocated replacing autocratic, arbitrary control of the Indies’ economy with legal control by Parliament....
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hof (Icelandic temple)
The word hof, commonly applied to temples in the literature of Iceland, seems to belong to the later rather than to the earlier period. A detailed description of a hof is given in one of the sagas. The temple consisted of two compartments, perhaps analogous to the chancel and the nave of a church. The images of the gods were kept in the chancel. This does not imply, however, that......
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hof (Danish council)
...essential works appeared: a code of law and the Jordebog (“Land Book”), a cadastre, or land register. In addition, a parliament, the hof, was established by the high prelates and aristocrats as a check against royal misuse of power; it met at short intervals and also functioned as the highest court. After Valdemar II...
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Hofbauer, Saint Clement Mary (German saint)
patron saint of Vienna....
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Hofburg (palace complex, Vienna, Austria)
The vast complex of the Imperial Palace, the Hofburg (or Burg), lies along the Ringstrasse. It consists of a number of buildings, of various periods and styles, enclosing several courtyards; the oldest part dates from the 13th century and the latest from the end of the 19th. The Hofburg abounds in magnificently appointed private and state apartments. It houses the imperial treasury of the Holy......
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Hofe, Julius von (American inventor)
...and shark. Big-game fishing spread to the Atlantic, and catches of increasing size were made on relatively light tackle and line, especially after the invention of a reel with an internal drag by Julius von Hofe of Brooklyn, N.Y., in 1913. Big-game anglers fish from “fighting seats” into which they can be strapped. Rods are massive, and the butts fit into a socket mounted on the.....
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Hofeditz, W. (German chemist)
...as transient intermediates in many chemical reactions. The existence of the methyl radical was first demonstrated by Friedrich A. Paneth and W. Hofeditz in 1929 by the following experiment. The vapours of tetramethyllead, Pb(CH3)4, mixed with gaseous hydrogen, H2, were passed through a silica tube at low......
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Hofer, Andreas (Tirolean leader)
Tirolese patriot, military leader, and popular hero who fought Napoleonic France and Bavaria for two years (1809–10) in an attempt to keep his homeland under Austrian rule....
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Hoff, Jacobus Henricus van ’t (Dutch chemist)
Dutch physical chemist and first winner of the Nobel Prize for Chemistry (1901), for work on rates of chemical reaction, chemical equilibrium, and osmotic pressure....
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Hoff, Marcian (American engineer)
...turned out to be a most valuable diversion. While specialized chips were effective at their given task, their small market made them expensive. Three Intel engineers—Federico Faggin, Marcian (“Ted”) Hoff, and Stan Mazor—considered the request of the Japanese firm and proposed a more versatile design....
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Hoff, Ted (American engineer)
...turned out to be a most valuable diversion. While specialized chips were effective at their given task, their small market made them expensive. Three Intel engineers—Federico Faggin, Marcian (“Ted”) Hoff, and Stan Mazor—considered the request of the Japanese firm and proposed a more versatile design....
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Hoffa, James P. (American labour leader)
American labour leader elected general president of the International Brotherhood of Teamsters (IBT) in 1998 and son of former Teamsters president James R. Hoffa....
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Hoffa, James Phillip (American labour leader)
American labour leader elected general president of the International Brotherhood of Teamsters (IBT) in 1998 and son of former Teamsters president James R. Hoffa....
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Hoffa, James R. (American labour leader)
American labour leader who served as president of the International Brotherhood of Teamsters from 1957 to 1971, becoming one of the most controversial labour organizers of his time....
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Hoffa, James Riddle (American labour leader)
American labour leader who served as president of the International Brotherhood of Teamsters from 1957 to 1971, becoming one of the most controversial labour organizers of his time....
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Hoffa, Jimmy (American labour leader)
American labour leader who served as president of the International Brotherhood of Teamsters from 1957 to 1971, becoming one of the most controversial labour organizers of his time....
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Hoffa, Portland (American comedian)
...Revolution hero Ethan Allen—who, he noted, was no longer using the name. He married a fellow performer, Portland Hoffa (1906–90), and during the 1920s appeared in a number of revues, such as The Passing Show, the Little Show, and Three’s a Crowd....
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Hoffer, Eric (American writer)
American longshoreman and philosopher whose writings on life, power, and social order brought him celebrity....
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Hoffman, Abbie (American activist)
American political activist and founder of the Youth International Party (Yippies), who was known for his successful media events....
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Hoffman, Abbott (American activist)
American political activist and founder of the Youth International Party (Yippies), who was known for his successful media events....
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Hoffman, Alice (American author)
American novelist whose books about women in search of their identities mix realism and the supernatural....
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Hoffman, Bob (American athlete)
...more related to body training and shaping, especially as activities such as boxing, wrestling, gymnastics, and swimming became more specialized in the 1930s. Combining these two fitness strands was Bob Hoffman, founder of the York (Pennsylvania) Barbell Company, publisher of Strength & Health, and the acknowledged “father of American......
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