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Parks, Wally (American businessman)
Drag racing as an organized sport began in the 1930s on dry lake beds in southern California, and it gained greater respectability after Wally Parks helped organize the Southern California Timing Association (SCTA) in 1938. World War II brought a temporary hiatus to activities but gave......
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parkway (road)
major arterial divided highway that features two or more traffic lanes in each direction, with opposing traffic separated by a median strip; elimination of grade crossings; controlled entries and exits; and advanced designs eliminating steep grades, sharp curves, and other hazards and inconveniences to driving. Frequently expressways have been constructed over completely new routes, passing near b...
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Parlá, Alicia (American dancer)
Cuban-born American dancer who in the early 1930s reigned as queen of the rumba, becoming an American and European sensation with her sensual dancing and attracting the attention of several members of European royalty (b. 1914, Havana, Cuba--d. Oct. 6, 1998, Miami, Fla.)....
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parlando (music)
...in the “mask,” that is, the cavities of the head, though this resonation did not affect the radiative power of the voice but only its volume. These singers, and also the still-later parlando singers, who effected a union of speech and singing, made a conscious use of resonation in this way and differed from the bel canto singers in that they exercised less control over physical......
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parlando-rubato (singing style)
...European folk music, the Hungarian composer and ethnomusicologist Béla Bartók identified two primary singing styles in European folk music, which he named parlando-rubato and tempo giusto. Parlando-rubato, stressing the words, departs frequently from strict......
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Parlement (historical supreme court, France)
the supreme court under the ancien régime in France. It developed out of the Curia Regis (King’s Court), in which the early kings of the Capetian dynasty (987–1328) periodically convened their principal vassals and prelates to de...
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Parlement, Fronde of the (French history)
The refusal of the Parlement of Paris to approve the government’s revenue measures in the spring of 1648 set off the first phase, the Fronde of the Parlement. The Parlement sought to put a constitutional limit on the monarchy by establishing its power to discuss and modify royal decrees. From June 30 to July 12 an assembly of courts made a list of 27 articles for reform, including abolition...
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Parlement of Foules (work by Chaucer)
...tense political scene. Indeed, one is tempted to speculate that during this period Chaucer turned to his reading and writing as escape from the difficulties of his public life. The Parlement of Foules, a poem of 699 lines, is a dream-vision for St. Valentine’s Day, making use of the myth that each year on ...
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Parlement of Paris (court, France)
The position originated in the ecclesiastical courts in the Middle Ages and was adopted by the Parlement of Paris in the late 13th century. Originally rapporteurs were not members of the court, but by 1336 they were given full rights to participate in the decision-making process as judges....
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parlementaire (French class)
...had not met since 1614, the parlements now claimed to represent the Estates when those were not in session. In 1752 a Jansenist parlementaire, Louis-Adrien Le Paige, developed the idea that the various parlements should be thought of as the “classes” or parts of a.....
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Parléř, Petr (German mason)
best-known member of a famous German family of masons. His works exemplify the tendency toward profuse ornamentation and technical ostentation that are characteristic of late Gothic architecture....
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Parley, Peter (American writer)
American publisher and author of children’s books under the pseudonym of Peter Parley....
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parliament (government)
Federal legislative authority is vested in the Parliament of Canada, which consists of the sovereign (governor-general), the House of Commons, and the Senate. Both the House of Commons, which has 308 directly elected members, and the Senate, which normally consists of 105 appointed members, must pass all legislative bills before they can receive royal assent and become law. Both bodies may......
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Parliament (United Kingdom government)
the original legislative assembly of England, Scotland, or Ireland and successively of Great Britain and the United Kingdom; legislatures in some countries that were once British colonies are also known as parliaments. The British Parliament, often referred to as the “Mother of Parliaments,” consists of the sovereign, the House of Lords, and the ...
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Parliament Act of 1911 (British history)
act passed Aug. 10, 1911, in the British Parliament which deprived the House of Lords of its absolute power of veto on legislation. The act was proposed by a Liberal majority in the House of Commons....
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Parliament Act of 1949 (British history)
...of Commons as money bills (involving taxation or expenditures) become law one month after being sent for consideration to the House of Lords, with or without the consent of that house. Under the 1949 act, all other public bills (except bills to extend the maximum duration of Parliament) not receiving the approval of the House of Lords become law provided that they are passed by two......
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Parliament, Admonition to (Puritan manifesto, 1572)
Puritan manifesto, published in 1572 and written by the London clergymen John Field and Thomas Wilcox, that demanded that Queen Elizabeth I restore the “purity” of New Testament worship in the Church of England and eliminate the remaining...
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Parliament Buildings (government building, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada)
...of Victoria (1963; formerly Victoria College, established in 1902), Royal Roads University (1995), the Royal British Columbia Museum (1886), and an astrophysical observatory. The Victorian-style Parliament Buildings (seat of the provincial legislative assembly) overlook the Inner Harbour and yacht basin. Included in Victoria’s metropolitan......
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Parliament House (building, Edinburgh, Scotland, United Kingdom)
Behind St. Giles, in Parliament Square, is Parliament House, built by the town council between 1632 and 1639. Parliament Square lies over the site of the medieval graveyard where John Knox, the most celebrated figure of the Scottish Reformation, was buried; thus, Knox has no marked grave or tombstone, save for a small plaque above one of the designated parking spaces between the church and......
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Parliament, Houses of (buildings, London, United Kingdom)
in the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, the seat of the bicameral Parliament, including the House of Commons and the House of Lords. It is located on the left bank of the River Thames in the borough of Westminster, London....
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Parliament of Bees, The (work by Day)
Elizabethan dramatist whose verse allegory The Parliament of Bees shows unusual ingenuity and delicacy of imagination....
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Parliament of Canada (government, Canada)
Elizabethan dramatist whose verse allegory The Parliament of Bees shows unusual ingenuity and delicacy of imagination.......
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Parliament-Funkadelic (American music group)
massive group of performers that greatly influenced black music in the 1970s. The original members were George Clinton (b. July 22, 1941Kannapolis, N.C., U.S.), Raymond Davis (b. March 29, 1940Sumter, S.C....
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Parliamentary Assembly (European organization)
...of all council members. It decides the council’s budget and its program of activities based on recommendations made to it by the Parliamentary Assembly and various expert committees. The Parliamentary Assembly, which meets four times a year, is a deliberative body consisting of representatives from national parliaments. The Congress of Local and Regional Authorities of Europe is a......
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parliamentary commissioner (government overseer)
legislative commissioner for investigating citizens’ complaints of bureaucratic abuse. The office originated in Sweden in 1809–10 and has been copied in various forms in Scandinavia, New Zealand, the United Kingdom, Germany, and Israel a...
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parliamentary democracy
...
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parliamentary diplomacy
...of the peace negotiations was the creation of the League of Nations as the first permanent major international organization, with a secretariat of international civil servants. The League introduced parliamentary diplomacy in a two-chamber body, acknowledging the equality of states in its lower house and the supremacy of great powers in its upper one. As neither chamber had much power, however,...
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Parliamentary Government in England: A Commentary (work by Laski)
...to embrace Marxism during the Great Depression. In The State in Theory and Practice (1935), The Rise of European Liberalism: An Essay in Interpretation (1936), and Parliamentary Government in England: A Commentary (1938), Laski argued that the economic difficulties of capitalism might lead to the destruction of political democracy. He came to view......
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Parliamentary Labour Party (political party, United Kingdom)
...responsible for recruiting and organizing members in each of the country’s parliamentary constituencies; affiliated trade unions, which traditionally have had an important role in party affairs; the Parliamentary Labour Party (PLP), comprising Labour members of Parliament; and a variety of small socialist groups such as the Fabian Society. Delegates from these organizations meet in an an...
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parliamentary procedure
the generally accepted rules, precedents, and practices commonly employed in the governance of deliberative assemblies. Such rules are intended to maintain decorum, to ascertain the will of the majority, to preserve the rights of the minority, and to facilitate the orderly transaction of the business of an assembly....
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Parliamentary Register, The
...of Sandwich, of selling an office of trust cost the Post’s printer a £2,000 fine. Almon himself was once imprisoned for libel and once forced to flee the country. In 1774 he began The Parliamentary Register, a monthly record of proceedings (continued until 1813). His printed attacks on William Pitt in the 1780s finally brought his imprisonment for 14 months......
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parlor maple (plant)
...of Sandwich, of selling an office of trust cost the Post’s printer a £2,000 fine. Almon himself was once imprisoned for libel and once forced to flee the country. In 1774 he began The Parliamentary Register, a monthly record of proceedings (continued until 1813). His printed attacks on William Pitt in the 1780s finally brought his imprisonment for 14 months.........
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parlour palm (plant genus)
...the soil and producing the crown at ground level, while others are high-climbing vines. Rare instances of regular branching (in Allagoptera, Chamaedorea, Hyphaene, Nannorrhops, Nypa, Vonitra) appear to involve equal or subequal division at the apex that results in a forking habit. The two newly formed branches may continue equally, o...
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Parma (Italy)
city, in the Emilia-Romagna region of northern Italy, on the Parma River, northwest of Bologna. Founded by the Romans along the Via Aemilia in 183 bc, Parma was important as a road junction; its trade flourished, and it obtained Roman citizenship. It became an episcopal see in the 4th century and was later dest...
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Parma (Ohio, United States)
city, Cuyahoga county, northeastern Ohio, U.S., a southern suburb of Cleveland. Settled by New Englanders in 1816, it was known as Greenbriar until 1826, when it became the township of Parma, named for the Italian city. A small section seceded to form Parma Heights in 1911, and in 1924 the remainder of the township became the village of Parma. After a 1931 proposal for annexatio...
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Parma and Piacenza, Alessandro Farnese, duke of (regent of The Netherlands)
regent of the Netherlands (1578–92) for Philip II, the Habsburg king of Spain. He was primarily responsible for maintaining Spanish control there and for perpetuating Roman Catholicism in the southern provinces (now Belgium). In 1586 he succeeded his father as duke of Parma and Piacenza, but he neve...
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Parma and Piacenza, Duchy of (historical duchy, Italy)
the northern Italian cities of Parma and Piacenza, with their dependent territories, detached from the Papal States by Pope Paul III in 1545 and made a hereditary duchy for his son, Pier Luigi Farnese (died 1547). It was retained by the ...
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Parma, Cathedral of (Parma, Italy)
The fresco of the “Assumption of the Virgin” in the dome of the cathedral of Parma marks the culmination of Correggio’s career as a mural painter. This fresco (a painting in plaster with water-soluble pigments) anticipates the Baroque style of dramatically illusionistic ceiling painting. The entire architectural surface is treated as a single pictorial unit of vast proportions...
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Parma e Piacenza, Alessandro Farnese, duca di (regent of The Netherlands)
regent of the Netherlands (1578–92) for Philip II, the Habsburg king of Spain. He was primarily responsible for maintaining Spanish control there and for perpetuating Roman Catholicism in the southern provinces (now Belgium). In 1586 he succeeded his father as duke of Parma and Piacenza, but he neve...
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Parmar, Y. S. (Indian leader)
...Shimla, Kangra, and Kullu; the district of Lahaul and Spiti; and parts of the districts centred at Ambala, Hoshiarpur, and Gurdaspur. Early in 1971, Himachal Pradesh became the 18th state of India; Y.S. Parmar, who since the 1940s had been a leader in the quest for self-government in Himachal Pradesh, became the state’s first chief minister....
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Parme, Jean-Jacques-Régis de Cambacérès, duke de (French statesman)
French statesman and legal expert who was second consul with Napoleon Bonaparte and then archchancellor of the empire. As Napoleon’s principal adviser on all juridical matters from 1800 to 1814, he was instrumental in formulating the Napoleonic Code, or Civil Code (1804), and subsequent codes. Often...
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PARMEHUTU (political party, Rwanda)
...and the vesting of full political power in Hutu hands. Under the leadership of Grégoire Kayibanda, Rwanda’s first president, the Party for Hutu Emancipation (Parti du Mouvement de l’Emancipation du Peuple Hutu) emerged as the spearhead of the revolution. Communal elections were held in 1960, resulting in a massive trans...
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Parmelee sprinkler head
...riser that could be turned on in an adjoining area. Because this system resulted in frequent water damage in parts of a room or building untouched by fire, an improvement was sought and found in the Parmelee sprinkler head, introduced in the United States in the 1870s. In this, the normally closed orifice is opened by heat from a fire.......
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Parmelia (lichen)
largest genus of foliose (leafy) lichens, which includes among its members the species commonly known as crottle and skull lichen. Crottle, the largest foliose lichen, resembles crumpled leather and sometimes grows 90 to 120 centimetres in diameter. It is characterized by a black underside. The central portion may die out, leaving a toad stool-like “fairy ring.” It is used as a redd...
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Parmelia saxatilis (plant)
The so-called skull lichen (P. saxatilis) is a common variety that grows in flat gray-brown rosettes (5 to 10 centimetres across). According to folk superstition, it was believed to be an effective treatment for epilepsy if found growing on an old skull, especially that of an executed criminal....
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Parmenides (Greek philosopher)
Greek philosopher of Elea in southern Italy who founded Eleaticism, one of the leading pre-Socratic schools of Greek thought. His general teaching has been diligently reconstructed from the few surviving fragments of his principal work, a lengthy three-part verse composition titled On Nature....
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Parmenides (work by Plato)
In the later dialogue Parmenides, dialectic is introduced as an exercise that the young Socrates must undertake if he is to understand the forms properly. The exercise, which Parmenides demonstrates in the second part of the work, is extremely laborious: a single instance involves the construction of eight sections of argument; the demonstration then takes up some......
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Parmenio (Macedonian general)
Macedonian general usually considered the best officer in the service of Philip II and his son Alexander the Great....
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Parmensis (Roman assassin)
one of the assassins of Julius Caesar. After the death of Caesar he joined the party of Marcus Junius Brutus and Gaius Cassius Longinus (the more famous Cassius and prime mover of the assassination)....
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Parmentier, André (American horticulturalist)
Belgian-born American horticulturist, responsible for exhibiting many plant species in America....
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Parmentier, Andrew (American horticulturalist)
Belgian-born American horticulturist, responsible for exhibiting many plant species in America....
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Parmentier, Antoine-Augustin (French scientist)
Belgian-born American horticulturist, responsible for exhibiting many plant species in America.......
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Parmentier, Jean (French explorer)
...the east coast of North America and discovered the site of the future New York City. Jean and Raoul Parmentier in 1529 reached the coast of Sumatra in two of Ango’s ships, the Pensée and the Sacre....
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Parmentier, Raoul (French explorer)
...coast of North America and discovered the site of the future New York City. Jean and Raoul Parmentier in 1529 reached the coast of Sumatra in two of Ango’s ships, the Pensée and the Sacre....
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Parmesan (cheese)
hard, sharp cow’s-milk cheese used primarily in grated form. The original Parmigiano-Reggiano is produced within a strictly delineated region in Italy that includes the towns of Parma, Modena, and Mantua and part of Bologna. The official name, along with the year the cheese was made, is stenciled on the rind of the approximately 75-pound (34-kilogram) cylinders. The tough, brownish-gold oil...
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Parmigianino (Italian artist)
Italian painter who was one of the first artists to develop the elegant and sophisticated version of Mannerist style that became a formative influence on the post-High Renaissance generation....
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Parmigiano (Italian artist)
Italian painter who was one of the first artists to develop the elegant and sophisticated version of Mannerist style that became a formative influence on the post-High Renaissance generation....
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Parmigiano-Reggiano (cheese)
hard, sharp cow’s-milk cheese used primarily in grated form. The original Parmigiano-Reggiano is produced within a strictly delineated region in Italy that includes the towns of Parma, Modena, and Mantua and part of Bologna. The official name, along with the year the cheese was made, is stenciled on the rind of the approximately 75-pound (34-kilogram) cylinders. The tough, brownish-gold oil...
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Parnaíba (Brazil)
port city, northwestern Piauí estado (state), northeastern Brazil. It is located on the Igaraçu River, an outlet of the Parnaíba River, 9 miles (14 km) upstream from the Atlantic Ocean. Founded in 1761 and given city status in 1884, Parna...
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Parnaiba Basin (region, South America)
...followed the previous Paleozoic sutures along the western side of the continent. Crustal extension reactivated the inner part of the supercontinent as well, with an increase in subsidence in the Parnaiba and Paraná intracratonic basins, where deposits of Triassic age have been recovered from core samples....
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Parnaíba River (river, Brazil)
river, northeastern Brazil, rising in the Serra da Tabatinga and flowing north-northeastward for 1,056 mi (1,700 km) to empty into the Atlantic Ocean, forming a delta at its mouth. In addition to marking the border between the states of Maranhão and Piauí, the Parnaíba has great economic importance. Altho...
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“Parnaso español, El” (work by Palomino)
...as a biographer and theoretician than as a painter. The first complete biography of Velázquez appeared in the third volume (El Parnaso español; “The Spanish Parnassus”) of El museo pictórico y escala óptica (“The Pictorial Museum and Optical Scale”), published in 1724 by the court......
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Parnasse contemporain, Le (French periodical)
...and past civilizations, notably India and ancient Greece. The Parnassians derived their name from the anthology to which they contributed: Le Parnasse Contemporain (3 vol., 1866, 1871, 1876), edited by Louis-Xavier de Ricard and Catulle Mendès and published by Alphonse Lemerre. Their principles, though, had been formulated......
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Parnassia
(Parnassia), any of about 15 species of low perennial herbs, in the family Parnassiaceae, distributed throughout the Northern Hemisphere. The plants grow in tufts and bear white, greenish white, or yellow flowers. Five sterile stamens bearing nectar glands alternate with five fertile stamens in each flower. Grass of Parnassus is occasi...
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Parnassiaceae (plant family)
Parnassiaceae, with two genera, includes annual to perennial herbs. Parnassia contains 50 species that grow in the north temperate to Arctic region. Lepuropetalon spathulatum, the only species of its genus, occurs in the southeastern United States and Mexico. The leaves in the family have no stipules, and the flowers are......
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Parnassian (French literature)
member of a group—headed by Charles-Marie-René Leconte de Lisle—of 19th-century French poets who stressed restraint, objectivity, technical perfection, and precise description as a reaction against the emotionalism and verbal imprecision of the Romantics....
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parnassian butterfly (subfamily)
any member of the insect subfamily Parnassiinae of the cosmopolitan family Papilionidae (order Lepidoptera). The parnassian (Parnassius), also known as apollo, found in mountainous alpine regions in Asia, Europe, and North America, is a medium-sized butterfly, generally with translucent white, yellow, or gray wings w...
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parnassian butterfly (butterfly)
any member of the insect subfamily Parnassiinae of the cosmopolitan family Papilionidae (order Lepidoptera). The parnassian (Parnassius), also known as apollo, found in mountainous alpine regions in Asia, Europe, and North America, is a medium-sized butterfly, generally with translucent white, yellow, or gray wings w...
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Parnassianism (poetry movement)
Beginning in the late 1870s as a response to Romanticism and continuing into the early part of the 20th century, Parnassianism surfaced as a poetry movement advocating “art for art’s sake.” Primarily opposed to Romanticism’s unbridled sensibility and unrestrained poetic forms, Parnassianism heralded artistic control, polish, elegance, objectivity, and impassiveness. The...
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Parnassien (French literature)
member of a group—headed by Charles-Marie-René Leconte de Lisle—of 19th-century French poets who stressed restraint, objectivity, technical perfection, and precise description as a reaction against the emotionalism and verbal imprecision of the Romantics....
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Parnassiinae (subfamily)
any member of the insect subfamily Parnassiinae of the cosmopolitan family Papilionidae (order Lepidoptera). The parnassian (Parnassius), also known as apollo, found in mountainous alpine regions in Asia, Europe, and North America, is a medium-sized butterfly, generally with translucent white, yellow, or gray wings w...
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Parnassius (butterfly)
any member of the insect subfamily Parnassiinae of the cosmopolitan family Papilionidae (order Lepidoptera). The parnassian (Parnassius), also known as apollo, found in mountainous alpine regions in Asia, Europe, and North America, is a medium-sized butterfly, generally with translucent white, yellow, or gray wings with dark......
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Parnassius apollo (butterfly)
any member of the insect subfamily Parnassiinae of the cosmopolitan family Papilionidae (order Lepidoptera). The parnassian (Parnassius), also known as apollo, found in mountainous alpine regions in Asia, Europe, and North America, is a medium-sized butterfly, generally with translucent white, yellow, or gray wings with dark.........
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Parnassós, Mount (mountain, Greece)
mountain barren limestone spur of the Pindus (Modern Greek: Píndos) Mountains, central Greece, running northwest-southeast on the borders of the nomoí (departments) of Phocis (Fokída), Fthiótis, and Boeotia (Voiotía). Rising to a maximum elevation of 8,061 ft (2,457 m) in Mount Parnassus, within sight of Delphi (Delfoí...
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Parnassus (work by Mantegna)
...the Madonna of the Victory (1496) to commemorate his supposed victory at the Battle of Fornovo. In the last years of his life, Mantegna painted the Parnassus (1497), a picture celebrating the marriage of Isabella d’Este to Francesco Gonzaga in 1490, and Wisdom Overcoming the Vices (1502) for Isabella...
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Parnassus (work by Mengs)
...of the German archaeologist and art critic J.J. Winckelmann. He came to share Winckelmann’s enthusiasm for classical antiquity, and, upon its completion in 1761, his fresco Parnassus at the Villa Albani in Rome created a sensation and helped establish the ascendancy of Neoclassical painting. Mengs also continued to paint portraits during this period, competin...
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Parnassus, grass of
(Parnassia), any of about 15 species of low perennial herbs, in the family Parnassiaceae, distributed throughout the Northern Hemisphere. The plants grow in tufts and bear white, greenish white, or yellow flowers. Five sterile stamens bearing nectar glands alternate with five fertile stamens in each flower. Grass of Parnassus is occasi...
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Parnassus, Mount (mountain, Greece)
mountain barren limestone spur of the Pindus (Modern Greek: Píndos) Mountains, central Greece, running northwest-southeast on the borders of the nomoí (departments) of Phocis (Fokída), Fthiótis, and Boeotia (Voiotía). Rising to a maximum elevation of 8,061 ft (2,457 m) in Mount Parnassus, within sight of Delphi (Delfoí...
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Parnassus on Wheels (novel by Morley)
...the Saturday Review of Literature (1924–41) and from collections of essays and columns such as Shandygaff (1918). His first novel was the popular Parnassus on Wheels (1917), about an itinerant bookseller’s adventures and romance. His other novels include the innovative The Trojan Horse (1937), a combination of prose, ...
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Parnate (drug)
The monoamine oxidase inhibitors—chiefly isocarboxazid, phenelzine, and tranylcypromine—in general are used only after treatment with tricyclic drugs has proved unsatisfactory, because these drugs’ side effects are unpredictable and their complex interactions are incompletely understood. The MAOs apparently achieve their effect by interfering with the action of monoamine oxida...
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Parnell, Charles Stewart (Irish leader)
Irish nationalist, member of the British Parliament (1875–91), and the leader of the struggle for Irish Home Rule in the late 19th century. In 1889–90 he was ruined by proof of his adultery with Katherine O’Shea, whom he subsequently married....
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Parnell, Mrs. Charles Stewart (Irish nationalist)
...son of a Roman Catholic solicitor in Dublin. Educated at Oscott and at Trinity College, Dublin, he became a cornet of the 18th Hussars in 1858 and was retired as captain in 1862. In 1867 he married Katharine, sixth daughter of the Reverend Sir John Page Wood of Rivenhall Place, Essex. The O’Sheas had one son, Gerard, and two daughters. It is not clear when O’Shea became aware of t...
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Parnell, Thomas (Irish author)
Irish poet, essayist, and friend of Alexander Pope, who relied on Parnell’s scholarship in his translation of the Iliad. Parnell’s poetry, written in heroic couplets, was esteemed by Pope for its lyric quality and stylistic ease. Among his best poems are “An E...
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Parni (people)
one of three nomadic or seminomadic tribes in the confederacy of the Dahae living east of the Caspian Sea; its members founded the Parthian empire. After the death of Alexander the Great (323 bc) the Parni apparently mov...
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Parnicki, Teodor (Polish author)
Polish historical novelist who modernized the genre through his interest in psychoanalysis and his use of innovative narrative techniques....
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Pärnu (Estonia)
city, Estonia, at the mouth of the Pärnu River on Pärnu Bay of the Gulf of Riga. First mentioned in 1251 as a member of the Hanseatic League, Pärnu was successively controlled by the ...
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Pärnu River (river, Estonia)
Estonia abounds in rivers, which flow to the Gulf of Finland, to the Gulf of Riga, and into Lake Peipus. The longest river, the Pärnu, stretches for about 90 miles (145 km); other important rivers are the Pedja, Narva, and Kasari. The country’s largest lake is Peipus, with a surface area of about 1,370 square miles (3,550 square km), which is shared with Russia. Lake Võrts is....
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Paro (Bhutan)
town, western Bhutan, in the Himalayas on the Paro River. Centred on Fort Paro, a large rectangular building with a seven-story tower, it was the main cultural, commercial, and political centre of the country until the national capital was settled at Thimphu in 1962; Paro remains the summer capital. It is connected by the Indo-Bhutan National Highway to Phuntsholing on the Indian border, and it h...
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Paroaria coronata (bird)
Other cardinals belong to the genus Paroaria. The red-crested cardinal (P. coronata), also known as the Brazilian cardinal, has a red head, a white belly, and gray wings. Though native to Brazil, Argentina, Paraguay, Uruguay, and Bolivia, it occasionally can be seen visiting the eastern coast of......
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Parochetus communis (plant)
The shamrock pea (Parochetus communis), a creeping legume with bicoloured blue and pink flowers, is grown in pots and in hanging baskets....
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Parochial and Plain Sermons (work by Newman)
...Church (1837), the classic statement of the Tractarian doctrine of authority; the University Sermons (1843), similarly classical for the theory of religious belief; and above all his Parochial and Plain Sermons (1834–42), which in their published form took the principles of the movement, in their best expression, into the country at large....
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parochial education
education offered institutionally by a religious group. In the United States, parochial education refers to the schooling obtained in elementary and secondary schools that are maintained by Roman Catholic parishes, Protestant churches, or Jewish organizations; that are separate from the public school syst...
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parochial school
education offered institutionally by a religious group. In the United States, parochial education refers to the schooling obtained in elementary and secondary schools that are maintained by Roman Catholic parishes, Protestant churches, or Jewish organizations; that are separate from the public school syst...
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Parodi, Filippo (Italian sculptor)
...as well. This dissolution is also to be found in sculpture of the period, such as in the proto-Rococo figures of Filippo Carcani (active 1670–90) in Rome and, to a lesser extent, in those of Filippo Parodi (1630–1702) in Genoa, Venice, and Naples. Outside Venice and Sicily the true Rococo made little headway in Italy....
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Parodia (plant)
any of 25 species in the genus Parodia, family Cactaceae, native in grasslands of South America. Small, globose to cylindroid, they are commonly cultivated as potted plants. P. scopa and P. leninghausii (silver ball and golden ball cacti, respectively) are most common and are valued for their woolly hair...
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Parodia leninghausii (plant)
...South America. Small, globose to cylindroid, they are commonly cultivated as potted plants. P. scopa and P. leninghausii (silver ball and golden ball cacti, respectively) are most common and are valued for their woolly hair. These and other hairy species have small, often yellow to red flowers, sometimes only about 1 cm (0.5 inch) in......
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Parodia scopa (plant)
...of South America. Small, globose to cylindroid, they are commonly cultivated as potted plants. P. scopa and P. leninghausii (silver ball and golden ball cacti, respectively) are most common and are valued for their woolly hair. These and other hairy species have small, often yellow to red flowers, sometimes only about 1 cm......
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Parodie, La (play by Adamov)
...he began writing plays in 1947. Believing that God is dead and that life’s meaning is unobtainable, Adamov turned to a private, metaphysical interpretation of Communistic ideals. His first play, La Parodie, features a handless clock that looms eerily over characters who are constantly questioning one another about time. The world of the play is a parody of man, whom Adamov saw as....
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parodos (Greek theatre)
...were first performed in Athens for the religious festival of Dionysus. They gradually took on a six-part structure: an introduction, in which the basic fantasy is explained and developed; the parodos, entry of the chorus; the contest, or agon, a ritualized debate between opposing principals, usually stock characters; the parabasis, in which the chorus addresses the......
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parody (music)
in music, originally the creative reworking of several voice parts of a preexistent composition to form a new composition, frequently a mass; in modern musical usage, parody usually refers to the humorous imitation of a serious composition. The earliest known parody masses date from the late 14th century, and the procedure became common in th...
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