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Patterson, Joseph Medill (American editor and publisher)
American journalist, coeditor and publisher—with his cousin Robert Rutherford McCormick—of the Chicago Tribune from 1914 to 1925; he subsequently became better known as editor and publisher of the New York Daily News, the first successful tabloid newspaper in the ...
Patterson, Martha (American hostess)
As first lady, Eliza left social duties to her daughter, Martha Patterson, who won praise for her simple ways and hard work. Finding the White House (then known as the Executive Mansion) in disrepair, Eliza used a congressional appropriation of $30,000 to refurbish it, and she arranged for two cows to live on the White House lawn to provide fresh milk. Her announcement that she and her family......
Patterson, Percival J. (prime minister of Jamaica)
...est.): 2,667,000 | Capital: Kingston | Chief of state: Queen Elizabeth II, represented by Governors-General Sir Howard Cooke and, from February 15, Kenneth Hall | Head of government: Prime Ministers Percival J. Patterson and, from March 30, Portia Simpson Miller | ...
Patterson, Robert, Jr. (American musician)
July 1, 1935Philadelphia, Pa. Aug. 12, 2009New York, N.Y.American musician who was among the first to depart from the drummer’s traditional role in jazz by playing pure interplay with soloists rather than “keeping time”—indicating tempo and metre. His 1965...
Patterson, Tom (Canadian theatrical producer)
Canadian theatrical producer (b. June 11, 1920, Stratford, Ont.—d. Feb. 23, 2005, Toronto, Ont.), founded the Stratford Festival of Canada, which began in a single tent but became the largest and perhaps the most prominent repertory theatre in North America. Inspired by his visits to European opera houses and theatres while serving in World War II, Patterson aimed to boost the economy of hi...
“Pattes de mouche, Les” (play by Sardou)
...late 19th century and is still remembered as a craftsman of bourgeois drama of a type belittled by George Bernard Shaw as “Sardoodledom.” His work Les Pattes de mouche (1860; A Scrap of Paper) is a model of the well-made play. He relied heavily on theatrical devices to create an illusion of life, and this largely accounts for his rapid decline in popularity. Madam...
Patthana (Buddhist text)
...the Pali canon assigned to a particular author, (6) Yamaka (“Pairs”), a series of questions on psychological phenomena, each dealt with in two opposite ways, and (7) Patthana (“Activations,” or “Causes”), a complex and voluminous treatment of causality and 23 other kinds of relationships between phenomena, mental or material......
Patti, Adela Juana Maria (Italian singer)
Italian soprano who was one of the great coloratura singers of the 19th century....
Patti, Adelina (Italian singer)
Italian soprano who was one of the great coloratura singers of the 19th century....
Patti, Mount (mountain, Nigeria)
...Niger to Lokoja in the dry season. Cotton ginning and weaving and palm- and shea-kernel processing are important local activities. There are limestone and iron deposits in the vicinity, and nearby Mount Patti, the original site of Lokoja, is a 1,349-foot- (411-metre-) high mass of oolitic iron ore. The town has a hydroelectric power generating plant. It is situated on the local highway between....
Pattina (ancient city, Turkey)
...conquered Arpad, and a large group of princes, among them the kings of Kummuhu, Que, Carchemish (where a King Pisiris reigned), and Gurgum, offered their submission to the Assyrians. King Tutammu of Patina, who had been strategically safe as long as Arpad had not been conquered, also was defeated and his land turned into an Assyrian province. In 738 Samal, Milid, Kaska, Tabal, and Tuwanuwa......
Pattini (Buddhist goddess)
...have been relegated to minor and secondary positions in the pantheon. Among the Theravadins, for example, it is rare for female deities to play a major role. An important exception is the goddess Pattini, who is a significant figure in the Theravada pantheon in Sri Lanka....
Pattle, Julia Margaret (British photographer)
British photographer who is considered one of the greatest portrait photographers of the 19th century....
Patton (film by Schaffner [1970])
...and popular reaction, but the musical Finian’s Rainbow (1968) enjoyed considerable success. Coppola received an Academy Award for his screenplay of Patton (1970), a film about the......
Patton, Antwan André (American rapper)
Andre Benjamin (b. May 27, 1975, Atlanta) and Antwan Patton (b. Feb. 1, 1975, Savannah, Ga.) joined forces at a performing arts high school in Atlanta. Discovering their mutual admiration for hip-hop and the funk musicians that became their stylistic touchstones (Parliament-Funkadelic, Sly and the Family Stone, and Prince), they formed a rap group, 2 Shades Deep. Recording in a basement studio......
Patton, Charley (American musician)
black American blues singer-guitarist, among the earliest and most influential Mississippi blues performers....
Patton, Charlie (American musician)
black American blues singer-guitarist, among the earliest and most influential Mississippi blues performers....
Patton, George Smith (United States general)
U.S. Army officer who was an outstanding practitioner of mobile tank warfare in the European and Mediterranean theatres during World War II. His strict discipline, toughness, and self-sacrifice elicited exceptional pride within his ranks, and the general was colourfully referred to as “Old Blood-and-Guts” by his men....
Patton Township (Pennsylvania, United States)
borough (municipality), Allegheny county, southwestern Pennsylvania, U.S., on the Pennsylvania Turnpike, 13 miles (21 km) east of Pittsburgh. In the 19th century it was widely known as a stagecoach stop between Pittsburgh and Philadelphia, and its subsequent growth resulted from its location as a transportation hub. Former...
pāṭṭu (Indian literature)
Pre-15th-century Tamil influence on early Malayalam, the language of Kerala, was strong and led to the literature of pāṭṭu (“song”), in which only Dravidian, or Tamil, phonemes may occur and Tamil-like second-syllable rhymes are kept. The best known pāṭṭu is Rāmacaritam (c. 12th–13th century;......
Pattypuffs and Thinifers (work by Maurois)
...picture of prehistoric life by J.-H. Rosny (pseudonym of J.-H.-H. Boex) appeared in 1911 and has proved so durable that in 1967 an English translation, The Quest for Fire, appeared. Patapoufs et filifers, by André Maurois, a gentle satire on war, has lasted (Eng. trans. Pattypuffs and Thinifers, 1948; reissued 1968). His fantastic Le Pays des 36,000......
Patuakhali (Bangladesh)
town, south-central Bangladesh. It is situated along the Patuakhali River, a distributary of the Arial Khan. A trading centre for rice, flour, jute, textiles, and milled wood, it is connected by road and river with Barisal. It is home to the Patuakhali Science and Technology University, as well as many colleges, most of which are government institutions....
Patuca River (river, Honduras)
river in northeastern Honduras, formed southeast of Juticalpa by the merger of the Guayape and Guayambre rivers. It flows northeastward for approximately 200 miles (320 km), emerging from the highlands and crossing the Mosquito Coast to empty into the Caribbean Sea...
Patuxai Arch (arch, Vientiane, Laos)
river in northeastern Honduras, formed southeast of Juticalpa by the merger of the Guayape and Guayambre rivers. It flows northeastward for approximately 200 miles (320 km), emerging from the highlands and crossing the Mosquito Coast to empty into the Caribbean Sea...
Patwin (people)
...Adjoining Suisun City to the south, Fairfield is located 45 miles (70 km) northeast of San Francisco. The area, which lies between the foothills of the Coast Ranges and Suisun Bay, was inhabited by Suisun (Patwin) Indians, who were attacked by Spaniards in 1810. In the 1830s the Mexican governor gave local Indians a land grant known as Suisun Rancho. The settlement fared poorly, however, and......
Patyn, William (British lord chancellor)
English lord chancellor and bishop of Winchester who founded Magdalen College of the University of Oxford....
Patz, Arnall (American ophthalmologist)
June 14, 1920Elberton, Ga.March 11, 2010Pikesville, Md.American ophthalmologist who discovered the leading cause of blindness in premature infants in the 1950s and later helped develop one of the first argon laser treatments for diabetic retinopathy and other eye conditions characterized by...
Pátzcuaro (Mexico)
...for example, some of the tightest and closest knit communities to be found anywhere on Earth ring Lake Pátzcuaro, in immediate proximity to the large modern market town and tourist centre of Pátzcuaro. These are the fishing-, agricultural-, and handicraft-specialist villages of the Tarascan Indians. But many more thousands of Tarascans also live scattered in the adjacent......
Pátzcuaro, Lake (lake, Mexico)
...its tributaries, the Moctezuma and Santa María rivers, originate in the eastern Mesa Central and tumble through gorges in the Sierra Madre Oriental on their way to the Gulf of Mexico. Lakes Pátzcuaro and Cuitzeo, west of Mexico City, are remnants of vast lakes and marshes that covered much of the southern Mesa Central before European settlement....
Patzi, Feliz (Bolivian educational minister)
In Bolivia, where Roman Catholicism had been the official religion since the country’s founding in 1825, Catholic leaders vehemently objected to Education Minister Feliz Patzi’s plan to eliminate religious education from the nation’s schools. Patzi said that making the schools secular meant that “there is no monopoly on religious teaching…no indoctrination....
Patzinakoi (people)
a seminomadic, apparently Turkic people who occupied the steppes north of the Black Sea (8th–12th century) and by the 10th century were in control of the lands between the Don and lower Danube rivers (after having driven the Hungarians out); they thus became a serious menace to Byzantium. Pastoralists, traders, and mounted warriors originally inhabiting the area between the Volga and Yaik (...
Pau (France)
town, capital of Pyrénées-Atlantiques département, Aquitaine région, southwestern France. The capital of the former province of Béarn, Pau is mainly a spa and tourism centre. It stands on the edge of a plateau 130 feet (40 metres) above the valley of ...
Pau-Brasil (manifesto by Andrade)
Focusing specifically on the nationalistic aspects of Modernism, Andrade, in his literary manifesto Pau-Brasil (1925; “Brazil Wood”), called for a rejection of Portuguese social and literary artifice and a return to what he saw as the primitive spontaneity of expression of the indigenous Brazilians, emphasizing the need for modern Brazil to become aware of its own heritage.......
pau-brasil (wood)
...on April 22, Cabral sighted the land he named Island of the True Cross. Later renamed Holy Cross by King Manuel, the country ultimately took its modern name, Brazil, from a kind of dyewood, pau-brasil, that is found there....
paua (marine snail)
any of several marine snails, constituting the genus Haliotis and family Haliotidae in the subclass Prosobranchia (class Gastropoda), in which the shell has a row of holes on its outer surface. Abalones are found in warm seas worldwide....
Paucituberculata (order of marsupials)
...Didelphidae (American opossums)70 or more species in 12 genera. Order Paucituberculata (shrew, or rat, opossums)5 species in 1 family.Family Caenolestidae5 species......
Pauḍyāl, Lekhnāth (Nepalese author)
...version of the Rāmāyaṇa achieved great popularity for the colloquial flavour of its language, its religious sincerity, and its realistic natural descriptions. The poet Lekhnāth Pauḍyāl in the early 20th century also tended to the colloquial and used the rhythms of popular songs in some of his poems....
Pauger, Adrien de (French engineer)
...two severe hurricanes (in 1721 and 1722), and the unpleasant physical conditions of mosquito-infested swamps as they set up the first crude dwellings covered with bark and reeds. An engineer, Adrien de Pauger, drafted the first plan for the town, encompassing what is now the Vieux Carré and consisting of 66 squares forming a parallelogram....
Pauhai, Bernice (Hawaiian princess)
...crafts (quilting, weaving, and lei making), and the museum also features a hula show. The museum was founded in 1889 by Charles R. Bishop, the American husband of Hawaiian Princess Bernice Pauahi (died 1884), the last direct descendant of Kamehameha I. In 1961 a planetarium and an observatory....
Pauker, Ana (Romanian politician)
...which he gave during a visit to Moscow in January 1945 by Gheorghe Gheorghiu-Dej, the leader of the so-called “native” faction of the party (composed mainly of ethnic Romanians), and Ana Pauker, who headed the “Muscovites” (those who had spent their careers mainly in the Soviet Union and were not ethnic Romanians). Extraordinary pressure by Soviet authorities forced....
Paul (emperor of Russia)
emperor of Russia from 1796 to 1801....
Paul (king of Greece)
king of Greece (1947–64) who helped his country overcome communist guerrilla forces after World War II....
Paul, Acts of (apocryphal work)
one of the earliest of a series of pseudepigraphal (noncanonical) New Testament writings known collectively as the Apocryphal Acts. Probably written about ad 160–180, the Acts of Paul is an account of the Apostle Paul’s travels and teachings. It includes, among others, an episode reminiscen...
Paul, Alice (American suffragist)
American woman suffrage leader who introduced the first equal rights amendment campaign in the United States....
Paul and Thecla, Acts of (apocryphal work)
one of the earliest of a series of pseudepigraphal (noncanonical) New Testament writings known collectively as the Apocryphal Acts. Probably written about ad 160–180, the Acts of Paul is an account of the Apostle Paul’s travels and teachings. It includes, among others, an episode reminiscen...
Paul and Virginia (work by Bernardin de Saint-Pierre)
French writer who is best remembered for Paul et Virginie, a short novel about innocent love....
Paul Brown Stadium (stadium, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States)
...built to resemble ballparks of the early 20th century, is the home of the Cincinnati Reds (1869), the country’s oldest professional baseball team; the Bengals (gridiron football) play at nearby Paul Brown Stadium (2000). Both venues are located along the river and flank the National Underground Railroad Freedom Center (2004), which offers exhibits and educational programs. The Showboat ....
Paul, Bruno (German artist)
In 1905, at the age of 19, Mies went to work for an architect in Berlin, but he soon left his job to become an apprentice with Bruno Paul, a leading furniture designer who worked in the Art Nouveau style of the period. Two years later he received his first commission, a traditional suburban house. Its perfect execution so impressed Peter Behrens, then Germany’s most progressive architect, t...
Paul Delvaux: The Village of the Mermaids (poem by Mueller)
...mythological, depicting fantastic characters and dreamlike milieus with the sturdy, accessible diction often found in folklore. She wrote of a painter’s vision in that vein in Paul Delvaux: The Village of the Mermaids:The mermaids, if that is what they areunder their full-length skirts, sit facing each other all down...
“Paul et Virginie” (work by Bernardin de Saint-Pierre)
French writer who is best remembered for Paul et Virginie, a short novel about innocent love....
Paul I (emperor of Russia)
emperor of Russia from 1796 to 1801....
Paul I, Saint (pope)
pope from 757 to 767. His alliance with the Franks strengthened the young Papal States....
Paul II (pope)
Italian pope from 1464 to 1471....
Paul III (pope)
Italian noble who was the last of the Renaissance popes (reigned 1534–49) and the first pope of the Counter-Reformation. The worldly Paul III was a notable patron of the arts and at the same time encouraged the beginning of the reform movement that was to affect deeply the ...
Paul III and His Grandsons Ottavio and Cardinal Alessandro Farnese (work by Titian)
Of portraits of the Farnese family carried out at this time, few remain. The most celebrated of all is Paul III and His Grandsons Ottavio and Cardinal Alessandro Farnese (1546; Museo e Gallerie Nazionali di Capodimonte, Naples). A painting of a family group, it is most searching in psychological revelation. The feeble pope, then aged 78, appears to turn suddenly in......
Paul IV (pope)
Italian Counter-Reformation pope from 1555 to 1559, whose anti-Spanish policy renewed the war between France and the Habsburgs....
Paul, Jean (German author)
German novelist and humorist whose works were immensely popular in the first 20 years of the 19th century. His pen name, Jean Paul, reflected his admiration for the French writer Jean-Jacques Rousseau. Jean Paul’s writing bridged the shift in literature from the formal ideals of Weimar Classicism to the intuitive transcendentalism of early Romanticism....
Paul, John (United States naval officer)
American naval hero in the American Revolution, renowned for his victory over British ships of war off the east coast of England (September 23, 1779)....
Paul Karadjordjević, Prince (regent of Yugoslavia)
regent of Yugoslavia in the period leading into World War II....
Paul, Les (American inventor and musician)
American jazz and country guitarist and inventor....
Paul, Lewis (English inventor)
English inventor who devised the first power spinning machine, in cooperation with John Wyatt....
Paul, Maury (American journalist)
Maury Paul was the first Journal-American journalist to write under the byline of Cholly Knickerbocker (1937–42), as society editor and writer of a syndicated daily gossip column. He chronicled the social life of the “Four Hundred”—members of the New York Social Register, a directory of the social elite, who were considered to be the traditional......
Paul of Aegina (Greek physician)
Alexandrian physician and surgeon, the last major ancient Greek medical encyclopaedist, who wrote the Epitomēs iatrikēs biblio hepta, better known by its Latin title, Epitomae medicae libri septem (“Medical Compendium in Seven Books”), containing nearly everything known about the medical arts in the West in his time....
Paul of Samosata (bishop of Antioch)
heretical bishop of Antioch in Syria and proponent of a kind of dynamic monarchian doctrine on the nature of Jesus Christ (see Monarchianism). The only indisputably contemporary document concerning him is a letter written by his ecclesiastical opponents, according to which he was a worldly cleric of...
Paul of Tella (bishop of Syria)
...the Syriac translation was made in the early 6th century by Philoxenos, bishop of Mabbug, based on the Lucianic recension of the Septuagint. Another (the Syro-Hexaplaric version) was made by Bishop Paul of Tella in 617 from the Hexaplaric text of the Septuagint. A Palestinian Syriac version, extant in fragments, is known to go back to at least 700, and a fresh recension was made by Jacob of......
Paul of the Cross, Saint (Roman Catholic priest)
founder of the order of missionary priests known as the Passionists....
Paul of Thebes, Saint (Christian hermit)
ascetic who is traditionally regarded as the first Christian hermit....
Paul of Venice (Italian philosopher)
Italian Augustinian philosopher and theologian who gained recognition as an educator and author of works on logic. ...
Paul Pry (American newspaper)
In 1831 she began to publish Paul Pry, a Washington newspaper; it was succeeded by The Huntress (1836–54). In those newspapers Royall crusaded against government corruption and incompetence and promoted states’ rights, Sunday mail service, and tolerance for Roman Catholics and Masons. John Quincy Adams called her a “v...
Paul, Rand (American politician)
...Party sentiment. In early May three-term Republican U.S. Sen. Robert Bennett of Utah was defeated by two Tea Party candidates. Two weeks later, despite opposition from party regulars, libertarian Rand Paul upset an establishment Republican in the Kentucky U.S. Senate primary. Amid roars of approval, Paul told an election night crowd, “I have a message from the Tea......
Paul Revere’s Ride (poem by Longfellow)
poem by Henry Wadsworth Longfellow, published in 1861 and later collected in Tales of a Wayside Inn (1863). This popular folk ballad about a hero of the American Revolution is written in anapestic tetrameter meant to suggest the galloping of a horse and is narrated by the landlord of an inn who remembers the famous ...
Paul, Robert W. (British inventor)
...had taken an early lead in both production and exhibition. Britain’s first projector, the theatrograph (later the animatograph), had been demonstrated in 1896 by the scientific-instrument maker Robert W. Paul. In 1899 Paul formed his own production company for the manufacture of actualities and trick films, and until 1905 Paul’s Animatograph Works, Ltd., was England’s large...
Paul, Ron (American politician)
American politician, who served as a Republican member of the U.S. House of Representatives (1976–77, 1979–85, 1997– ) and who unsuccessfully ran as the 1988 Libertarian presidential candidate. He later sought the Republican nomination for president in 2008 and 2012....
Paul, Ronald Ernest (American politician)
American politician, who served as a Republican member of the U.S. House of Representatives (1976–77, 1979–85, 1997– ) and who unsuccessfully ran as the 1988 Libertarian presidential candidate. He later sought the Republican nomination for president in 2008 and 2012....
Paul, Saint (Christian Apostle)
one of the leaders of the first generation of Christians, often considered to be the second most important person in the history of Christianity. In his own day, although he was a major figure within the very small Christian movement, he also had many enemies and detractors, and his contemporaries probably did not accord him as much respect as they gave Peter ...
Paul Taylor Dance Company (American dance company)
The Paul Taylor Dance Company spent the better part of its year celebrating the 80th birthday of its namesake. Most prominent of the celebrations was the one held in July at the American Dance Festival (ADF; Durham, N.C.), where Taylor unveiled his latest dance, Phantasmagoria. ADF’s season was entitled “What Is Dance Theater?” and included the presentation of Angel....
Paul, the Apostle of Jesus Christ (work by Baur)
In his Paulus, der Apostel Jesu Christi (1845; Paul, the Apostle of Jesus Christ), Baur applied the same principles to the life and thought of the apostle Paul and concluded that Paul did not write all of the letters then attributed to him. Baur considered only the letters to the Galatians, Corinthians, and Romans to be genuinely Pauline. In addition, he believed that the author......
Paul the Apostle, Saint (Christian Apostle)
one of the leaders of the first generation of Christians, often considered to be the second most important person in the history of Christianity. In his own day, although he was a major figure within the very small Christian movement, he also had many enemies and detractors, and his contemporaries probably did not accord him as much respect as they gave Peter ...
Paul the Deacon (Italian historian)
Lombard historian and poet, whose Historia Langobardorum (“History of the Lombards”) is the principal source on his people....
Paul the Silentiary (Greek author)
...Gospel According to St. John, thereby fusing classical and Christian traditions. Several short narrative poems in Homeric verse, of mythological content, were composed by contemporaries of Nonnus. Paul the Silentiary in the mid-6th century used the same Homeric form for a long descriptive poem on the Church of the Divine Wisdom (Hagia Sophia) in Constantinople. Many brief occasional poems were....
Paul trap (electromagnetic device)
...German-born American physicist Hans G. Dehmelt. (The other half of the prize was awarded to the American physicist Norman F. Ramsey.) Paul received his share of the prize for his development of the Paul trap—an electromagnetic device that captures ions (electrically charged atoms) and holds them long enough for their properties to be accurately measured....
Paul V (pope)
Italian pope from 1605 to 1621....
Paul VI (pope)
Italian pope of the Roman Catholic church (reigned 1963–78) during a period including most of the second Vatican Council (1962–65) and the immediate postconciliar era, in which he issued directives and guidance to a changing Roman Catholic church. His pontificate was confronted with the problems and uncertainties of a church facing a new role in the contemporary wo...
Paul, Wolfgang (German physicist)
German physicist who shared one-half of the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1989 with the German-born American physicist Hans G. Dehmelt. (The other half of the prize was awarded to the American physicist Norman F. Ramsey.) Paul received his share of the prize for his development of the Paul ...
Paul-Boncour, Joseph (French politician)
French leftist politician who was minister of labour, of war, and of foreign affairs and, for four years, France’s permanent representative to the League of Nations....
Paula (photograph by Stieglitz)
...regularly to revise his own early artistic achievement and to emphasize early work that in retrospect seemed more interesting than it had when new. For example, the negative for Paula was made in 1889, but the first confirmed exhibition of a print of it was in 1921, and the oldest extant print is dated 1916. If judged from the work that Stieglitz chose to reproduce......
Paula (Malta)
town, eastern Malta, just south of Valletta and adjacent to Tarxien to the southeast. It was founded in 1626 by the grand master of the Hospitallers (Knights of Malta), Antoine de Paule, and it remained a small village until the late 19th century, when it grew rapidly ...
Paula (work by Allende)
Allende’s first nonfiction work, Paula (1994), was written as a letter to her daughter, who died of a hereditary blood disease in 1992. A more lighthearted book, Afrodita: cuentos, recetas, y otros afrodisíacos (1997; Aphrodite: A Memoir of the Senses), shared her personal knowledge of aphrodisiacs and included family......
Paula (Roman religious devotee)
...Latin Psalter based on a few Septuagint (Greek translation of the Old Testament) manuscripts. He held classes for a monastic-minded circle of noble Roman widows and virgins (e.g., Marcella, Paula, and her daughters Blesilla and Eustochium). He taught them the Hebrew text of the Psalms, orally and in letters, he answered their biblical problems, and he was their master in spirituality as....
Paulding, James Kirke (American writer)
dramatist, novelist, and public official chiefly remembered for his early advocacy and use of native American material in literature....
Paule, Antoine de (Grand Master of the Hospitallers)
town, eastern Malta, just south of Valletta and adjacent to Tarxien to the southeast. It was founded in 1626 by the grand master of the Hospitallers (Knights of Malta), Antoine de Paule, and it remained a small village until the late 19th century, when it grew rapidly as a residential district for workers from the adjacent Grand Harbour dockyards. It has a well-preserved Neolithic temple and......
Paulescu, Nicolae C. (Romanian physiologist)
Romanian physiologist who conducted groundbreaking research on the antidiabetic hormone insulin and whose anti-Semitic writings contributed to the rise of the fascist Iron Guard movement (1930–41)....
Paulescu, Nicolas C. (Romanian physiologist)
Romanian physiologist who conducted groundbreaking research on the antidiabetic hormone insulin and whose anti-Semitic writings contributed to the rise of the fascist Iron Guard movement (1930–41)....
Paulescu, Nicolas Constantin (Romanian physiologist)
Romanian physiologist who conducted groundbreaking research on the antidiabetic hormone insulin and whose anti-Semitic writings contributed to the rise of the fascist Iron Guard movement (1930–41)....
Paulet, Charles (French financier)
...was formally recognized by the crown. Attempts to abolish it later in the century came to nothing, and in 1604 the paulette, a new tax devised by financier Charles Paulet, was established, enabling officeholders to ensure the hereditability of their offices by paying one-sixtieth of its purchase price every year. However, the office of premier......
paulette (French history)
in pre-Revolutionary France, royal edict of 1604 that resulted in making offices hereditary, a step in the creation of a permanent class of judicial magistrates, the noblesse de robe. The edict provided that, for an annual payment to the crown of one-sixtieth of an office’s value, that office could be sold or bequeathed rather than revert to the crown on the death ...
Pauli exclusion principle (physics)
assertion that no two electrons in an atom can be at the same time in the same state or configuration, proposed (1925) by the Austrian physicist Wolfgang Pauli to account for the observed patterns of light emission from atoms. The exclusion principle subsequently has been generalized to include a whole cl...
Pauli, Wolfgang (American physicist)
Austrian-born physicist and recipient of the 1945 Nobel Prize for Physics for his discovery in 1925 of the Pauli exclusion principle, which states that in an atom no two electrons can occupy the same quantum state simultaneously. Pauli made major contributions to ...
“Paulicéia Desvairada” (work by Andrade)
...Modern Art”), held in São Paulo in February 1922. His own contribution to the event, a reading of poems drawn from his Paulicéia Desvairada (1922; Hallucinated City), was greeted by catcalls, but it has since been recognized as the single most significant influence on modern Brazilian poetry....
Paulicians (religious sect)
member of a dualistic Christian sect that originated in Armenia in the mid-7th century. It was influenced most directly by the dualism of Marcionism, a Gnostic movement in early Christianity, and of Manichaeism, a Gnostic religion founded in the 3rd century by the Persian prophet Mani. The identity of the Paul after whom the Paulicians are called is disputed....