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Gurney, Edmund (British psychologist)
...that have emerged, it must be emphasized that there are no completely isolated categories, and there is usually considerable overlapping; a single spokesman, the 19th-century English psychologist Edmund Gurney, for example, may incorporate formalist, symbolist, expressionist, and psychological elements, in varying proportions, to explain the phenomenon of music. Although some disagreements......
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Gurney, Elizabeth (British philanthropist)
British Quaker philanthropist and one of the chief promoters of prison reform in Europe. She also helped to improve the British hospital system and the treatment of the insane....
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Gurney, Ivor (British composer and poet)
...responses from the more-traditionalist writers, predominantly poets, who saw action. Rupert Brooke caught the idealism of the opening months of the war (and died in service); Siegfried Sassoon and Ivor Gurney caught the mounting anger and sense of waste as the war continued; and Isaac Rosenberg (perhaps the most original of the war poets), Wilfred Owen, and Edmund Blunden not only caught the......
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Gurney, Joseph John (British minister)
...yearly meetings that had to decide to which portion of the Philadelphia Yearly Meeting to write. A pastoral visit to the United States (1837–40) by the leading English evangelical Friend, Joseph John Gurney (one of the few systematic theologians ever produced in the Society of Friends), led to a further separation when the evangelical or “Gurneyite” New England Yearly......
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Gurney, Oliver Robert (British archaeologist)
...The Hittite and Egyptian armies met at Kadesh about 1275 bc, and the battle that followed is one of the first in history of which a tactical description has survived. The Hittite specialist O.R. Gurney summarizes the Egyptian text as follows:The Hittite army based on Kadesh succeeded in completely concealing its position from the Egyptian scouts; and as the unsuspectin...
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Gurney, Ronald W. (American physicist)
...For example, it describes a type of radioactive decay in which a nucleus emits an alpha particle (a helium nucleus). According to the quantum explanation given independently by George Gamow and by Ronald W. Gurney and Edward Condon in 1928, the alpha particle is confined before the decay by a potential of the shape shown in Figure 1. For a given ......
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Gurney, Sir Goldsworthy (British inventor)
prolific English inventor who built technically successful steam carriages a half century before the advent of the gasoline-powered automobile....
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Gurneyite (religious group)
...by the English Friends minister Joseph John Gurney, a systematic theologian and Evangelical leader who preached in the United States (1837–40). As a result, some of the orthodox Friends, the Gurneyites, adopted worship services with ministers presiding, gave more attention to creeds and scripture rather than concentrating on the Inner......
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Gurney’s pitta (bird)
...shimmering colours and bold patterns of these birds often help conceal them from predators against the dappled shade of the forest floor. However, for some species their beauty is their downfall. Gurney’s pitta (P. gurneyi)—a gorgeous 21-cm (8-inch) bird with a blue cap, black mask, yellow collar, black breast, buff wings, and turquoise tail—is today among the rarest...
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Guro (people)
people of the Côte d’Ivoire (Ivory Coast), in the valley regions of the Bandama River; they speak a language of the Mande branch of the Niger-Congo family of African languages. The Guro came originally from the north and northwest, driven by Mande invasions i...
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Gurob (Egypt)
Petrie made other important discoveries in the Al-Fayyūm region of Egypt. At Gurob he found numerous papyri and Aegean pottery that substantiated dates of ancient Greek civilizations, including the Mycenaean. At the Pyramid of Hawara he searched through the tomb of Pharaoh Amenemhet III to discover how grave robbers could have found......
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gurpurab (Sikh festival)
Sikhism observes eight major festivals, as well as several others of lesser importance. Four of the main festivals are gurpurabs, or events commemorating important incidents in the lives of the Gurus, such as the birthdays of Nanak and Gobind Singh and the martyrdoms of Arjan and Tegh Bahadur. The remaining four are the installation of the ......
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Gurragcha, Jugderdemidiin (Mongolian cosmonaut)
first Mongolian and second Asian to go into space....
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Gurrelieder (work by Schoenberg)
Schoenberg’s earlier music was by this time beginning to find recognition. On Feb. 23, 1913, his Gurrelieder (begun in 1900) was first performed in Vienna. This gigantic cantata calls for unusually large vocal and orchestral forces. Along with Mahler’s Eighth Symphony (Symphony of a Thousand), the Gurrelieder represents the peak of the post-Romantic monume...
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Gurs (concentration camp, France)
large concentration camp near Pau, in southwestern France at the foot of the Pyrenees, that was used successively by independent France, Vichy France, and Nazi Germany....
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Gürsel, Cemal (Turkish military leader)
...the principles of the secular progressive Kemalist state. Some younger officers saw the army as the direct instrument of unity and reform. On May 3, 1960, the commander of the land forces, General Cemal Gürsel, demanded political reforms and resigned when his demands were refused. On May 27 the army acted; an almost bloodless coup wa...
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Gurū (Sikhism)
in Sikhism, any of the first 10 leaders of the Sikh religion of northern India. The word Sikh is derived from the Sanskrit śiṣya (“disciple”), and all Sikhs are disciples of the Gurū (spiritual guide, or teacher). The first Sikh Gurū, Nānak, established the practice of naming his successor before his death (1539), a...
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guru (Hinduism)
(Sanskrit: “venerable”), in Hinduism, a personal spiritual teacher or guide who has himself attained spiritual insight. From at least the time of the Upaniṣads (ancient commentaries on the sacred scriptures), India has stressed the importance of the tutorial method in religious instruction. In the ...
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Guru (American rapper)
July 17, 1962Boston, Mass.April 19, 2010New York, N.Y.American rapper who was half (with DJ Premier [Christopher Martin]) of the acclaimed hip-hop duo Gang Starr, who were known for their pioneering fusion of hip-hop with jazz. Guru possessed a distinctive gravelly voice and an uninflected ...
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“Guru Granth Sahib” (Sikh sacred scripture)
the sacred scripture of Sikhism, a religion of India. It is a collection of nearly 6,000 hymns of the Sikh Gurus (religious leaders) and various early and medieval saints of different religions and castes....
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Guru Nanak Dev University (university, Amritsar, India)
...and secondary levels; now stress was laid upon tertiary education for both sexes. Punjabi University in Patiala was opened in 1962 with strong Sikh support, followed by Guru Nanak University (now Guru Nanak Dev University) in Amritsar in 1969, founded to honour the quincentenary of the birth of Guru Nanak. (Another reason for the establishment of Guru Nanak University was that Punjabi......
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Guru Peak (mountain, India)
town, southwestern Rajasthan state, northwestern India. It is situated on the slopes of Mount Abu, an isolated feature of the Aravalli Range. The town is a noted hill resort, and the Jaina temples built of marble at nearby Dilwara are famous. Tejpal temple, built about 1200 ce, is known for the delicacy and richness of its carving, especially for that on the underside of its dome. Th...
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Guru Rimpoche (Buddhist mystic)
legendary Indian Buddhist mystic who introduced Tantric Buddhism to Tibet and who is credited with establishing the first Buddhist monastery there....
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Guruhuswa (historical kingdom, Africa)
former African kingdom in what is now southwestern Zimbabwe. Though called Guruhuswa in Shona tradition, the region was first mentioned in Portuguese records as Butua in 1512....
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gurukula (Hindu religious group)
...as Agnikula (“Family of the Fire God”), a putative ancient dynasty from which the Rājputs of Rājasthān derive their claim to be Kshatriyas (nobles). Another is the gurukula (“guru’s family”) system of education, in which a pupil, after his initiation, lives in the house of his guru, or teacher, and studies the Veda and other subject...
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Guruḷugōmī (Sinhalese writer)
...are Sinhalese renderings of the life and virtues of the Buddha. Important in this genre, hagiographic rather than literary, is the Amāvatura (“Flood of the Ambrosia”), by Guruḷugōmī, which in 18 chapters purports to narrate the life of the Buddha, with specific emphasis on one of his nine virtues—his capacity to tame recalcitrant people or...
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Gurung (people)
people of Nepal living mainly on the southern flank of the Annapūrna mountain massif. Their numbers are estimated at about 200,000. The Gurung speak a language of the Tibeto-Burman family. Many are Lamaist Buddhists in religion, while others have adopted Hinduism. They make their living in agriculture and livestock raising. Along with the Magar, Rai, and other Nepalese ...
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Gurunsi (people)
Two principal ethnolinguistic groups live in Burkina Faso. The first of these is the Gur-speaking peoples: the Mossi, which includes the Gurma and the Yarse; the Gurunsi; the Senufo; the Bobo; and the Lobi. The second group, the Mande, includes the Samo, the Marka, the Busansi, and the Dyula. Other groups found in the country include the Hausa, the Fulani, and......
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Gurwitsch, Aron (Lithuanian-American philosopher)
...New School for Social Research in New York, Alfred Schütz, an Austrian-born sociologist and student of human cognition (died 1959), and Aron Gurwitsch, a Lithuanian-born philosopher. Schütz came early to Phenomenology, developing a social science on a phenomenological basi...
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Guryev (Kazakhstan)
city, western Kazakhstan. It is a port on the Ural (Zhayyq) River near its mouth on the Caspian Sea. Founded as a fishing settlement in the mid-17th century by the fishing entrepreneur Mikhail Guryev, it soon became a fort on the Ural fortified line manned by the Ural Cossacks. Fishing and trade were the main economic acti...
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Guryul Ravine (geological formation, India)
...association with Permian productacean brachiopods, but the latter appear to be derived, having been incorporated into Triassic sediments by reworking. A similar situation may prevail at the famous Guryul Ravine section in Kashmir. Studies on new sections in Tibet (Selong-Xishan) and China (Shangsi, Meishan) have not yet led to agreement on whether there is continuous sedimentation between the.....
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Gürzenich (building, Cologne, Germany)
...medieval buildings that suffered in World War II and have undergone reconstruction are the Overstolzen House, a 13th-century Romanesque house, and the Town Hall, with its 16th-century porch. The Gürzenich, or Banquet Hall, of the merchants of the city (1441–47), reconstructed as a concert and festival hall, and the 16th-century Arsenal, which contains a historical museum, were......
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Gus Dur (president of Indonesia)
Indonesian Muslim religious leader and politician who was president of Indonesia from 1999 to 2001....
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Gus’-Chrustal’nyj (Russia)
city and centre of a rayon (sector), Vladimir oblast (province), western Russia, on the Gus River. The city has long been famous as a centre of the glass industry, from which it takes its name. Its products, which include cut glass...
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Gus-Khrustalny (Russia)
city and centre of a rayon (sector), Vladimir oblast (province), western Russia, on the Gus River. The city has long been famous as a centre of the glass industry, from which it takes its name. Its products, which include cut glass...
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Gusau (Nigeria)
town, capital of Zamfara state, northern Nigeria, on the Sokoto River. It grew after the arrival of the railway from Zaria, 105 miles (169 km) southeast, in 1927 and is now a major collecting point for cotton and peanuts (groundnuts) grown in the surrounding area. Although cotton ginning, weaving, and dyei...
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Gusenbauer, Alfred (Austrian official)
Area: 83,871 sq km (32,383 sq mi) | Population (2008 est.): 8,338,000 | Capital: Vienna | Chief of state: President Heinz Fischer | Head of government: Chancellors Alfred Gusenbauer and, from December 2, Werner Faymann | ...
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Gusevka (Russia)
city, administrative centre of Novosibirsk oblast (region) and the chief city of western Siberia, in south-central Russia. It lies along the Ob River where the latter is crossed by the Trans-Siberian Railroad. It developed after the village of Krivoshchekovo on the left bank was chosen as the crossing point of the Ob for the Trans-Siberi...
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Gush Emunim (political movement)
Meanwhile, the Gush Emunim movement on the West Bank gathered force after the Yom Kippur War and between 1974 and 1987 planted small communities near large Arab populations, greatly complicating Israeli policy and arousing international opposition. The secular Israeli government opposed such efforts but rarely used force to dislodge the settlers, who invoked Zionist rights to the homeland in......
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gūsheh (music)
...The motif is a short four-to-six-note phrase (māyeh), to which musicians repeatedly refer in performance. The short pieces (gūshehs) emphasize different parts of the scale and various tonal relationships. A recognizable musical character is established for each performance....
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Gushgy River (river, Asia)
river in Afghanistan and Turkmenistan, formed by the confluence of two headstreams, the Āq Robāţ and the Galleh Chaghar, which rise in northwestern Afghanistan. The river flows northwestward, passing the town of Koshk-e Kohneh (Kushk), where it turns north and receives the waters of the Moqor (Jōye Ḏaṟāb); for 10 miles (16 km) it forms the Turkmenis...
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gushi (Chinese literature)
...form of five syllables per line rather than the then-standard four-syllable line. The yuefu thus broke ground for the later classic gushi (“ancient-style poetry”), with its broader use of rhyme and fewer metrical restrictions. Many later writers, including the great Li Bai (701–762) and Bai Juyi.....
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Gushiken Yoko (Japanese boxer)
Japanese professional boxer, World Boxing Association (WBA) junior flyweight world champion....
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Gushnasp fire
The Farnbag, Gushnasp, and Burzen-Mihr fires were connected, respectively, with the priests, the warriors, and the farmers. The Farnbag fire was at first in Khwārezm, until in the 6th century bc, according to tradition, Vishtāspa, Zoroaster’s protector, transported it to Kabulistan; then Khosrow in the 6th ce...
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Gusho, Llazar (Albanian mystic and poet)
A lone figure in the landscape of 20th-century Albanian literature is the poet Lasgush Poradeci (pseudonym of Llazar Gusho, of which Lasgush is a contraction). Breaking with tradition and conventions, he introduced a new genre with his lyrical poetry, which is tinged with mystical overtones. Writers in post-World War II Albania laboured under state-imposed guidelines summed up by the term......
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Gushtasp (ruler in Aryana Vaejah)
protector and follower of the Iranian prophet Zoroaster. Son of Aurvataspa (Lohrasp) of the Naotara family, Hystaspes was a local ruler (kavi) in a country called in the Avesta (the Zoroastrian scripture) Aryana Vaejah, which may have been a Greater Chorasmian state abolished by the Achaemenid king Cyrus II...
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Gusii (people)
a Bantu-speaking people who inhabit hills of western Kenya in an area between Lake Victoria and the Tanzanian border. The Gusii probably came to their present highlands from the Mount Elgon region some 500 years ago. The Gusii economy comprises a multi...
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Gusinsky, Vladimir (Russian businessman)
Russian businessman who built a media empire in Russia in the late 20th century. His holdings included television, radio, newspapers, and magazines known both for their professionalism and for the critical stance they often adopted toward Kremlin policies....
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Gusinsky, Vladimir Aleksandrovich (Russian businessman)
Russian businessman who built a media empire in Russia in the late 20th century. His holdings included television, radio, newspapers, and magazines known both for their professionalism and for the critical stance they often adopted toward Kremlin policies....
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gusla (musical instrument)
Bulgarian bowed, stringed musical instrument of the Balkans, with a round wooden back, a skin belly, and one horsehair string (or, rarely, two) secured at the top of the neck by a rear tuning peg. It is played in a vertical position, with a deeply curved bow. It has no f...
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guslar (Balkan singers)
any of a group of popular narrative singers of the Balkans who perform a traditional music that dates from the 17th century. Guslari are among the few performers continuing the oral tradition of epic poetry in the West and serve as transmitters and interpreters of a repertory of song and epic....
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guslari (Balkan singers)
any of a group of popular narrative singers of the Balkans who perform a traditional music that dates from the 17th century. Guslari are among the few performers continuing the oral tradition of epic poetry in the West and serve as transmitters and interpreters of a repertory of song and epic....
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gusle (musical instrument)
Bulgarian bowed, stringed musical instrument of the Balkans, with a round wooden back, a skin belly, and one horsehair string (or, rarely, two) secured at the top of the neck by a rear tuning peg. It is played in a vertical position, with a deeply curved bow. It has no f...
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Gusmão, Bartolomeu Lourenço de (Brazilian priest and inventor)
Balloons were used in the first successful human attempts at flying. Experimentation with balloonlike craft may have begun as early as 1709 with the work of Bartolomeu Lourenço de Gusmão, a Brazilian priest and inventor. In 1783 Joseph and Étienne Montgolfier at Annonay, Fr., confirmed that a fabric bag filled with hot air would rise. On June 4 of that year they launched an......
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Gusmão, José Alexandre (president of East Timor)
East Timorese independence leader and politician who served as the first president (2002–07) and fourth prime minister (2007– ) of East Timor....
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Gusmão, Xanana (president of East Timor)
East Timorese independence leader and politician who served as the first president (2002–07) and fourth prime minister (2007– ) of East Timor....
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gust (meteorology)
in meteorology, a sudden increase in wind speed above the average wind speed. It is briefer than a squall and usually lasts 20 seconds or less. Air turbulence around an obstacle causes gusts; they occur frequently over buildings and irregular ground and are less frequent over water. The term gust also denotes a sudden change in wind speed relative to a flying aircraft....
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Gustaf Adolf (king of Sweden)
king of the Swedes from 1950 to 1973, the last Swedish monarch to hold real political power after constitutional reforms initiated in 1971....
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Gustaf Wasa (work by Kellgren)
...In the 1780s he wrote a number of verse dramas on themes suggested by Gustav. This collaboration culminated in Gustaf Wasa (1786), a successful patriotic opera. The following year he wrote what is considered his greatest poem, Den Nya Skapelsen, eller......
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Gustafson, Ralph Barker (Canadian poet)
Canadian poet whose work shows a development from traditional form and manner to an elliptical poetry that reflects the influence of Anglo-Saxon verse and the metrical experiments of the 19th-century British poet Gerard Manley Hopkins....
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Gustafsson, Colonel (king of Sweden)
Swedish king whose intemperate foreign policy led to his overthrow in a coup d’état (1809) and the loss of the eastern part of Sweden and Finland....
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Gustafsson, Greta Lovisa (Swedish-American actress)
one of the most glamorous and popular motion-picture stars of the 1920s and ’30s who is best known for her portrayals of strong-willed heroines, most of them as compellingly enigmatic as Garbo herself....
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Gustafsson, Lars (Swedish author)
...in science fiction through allegories set in a state veterinary institution and in a hospital. In his multilayered, often metafictional novels, Lars Gustafsson railed against Sweden’s bureaucratic welfare society, which, he complained, stifled the unique in the name of egalitarianism. He is best known for his partially autobiographic...
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Gustafsson, Toini (Swedish skier)
Swedish skiing champion who competed in two Olympics, winning two gold and two silver medals in Nordic competition....
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gustation (sense)
the detection and identification by the sensory system of dissolved chemicals placed in contact with some part of an animal. Because the term taste is commonly associated with the familiar oral taste buds of vertebrates, many authorities prefer the term ...
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gustatory receptor (anatomy)
...the oral cavity. They are most abundant on the tongue but also occur on the palate and epiglottis and in the upper part of the esophagus. The taste receptor cells, with which incoming chemicals interact to produce electrical signals, occur in groups of 50–150. Each of these groups forms a taste bud. On the tongue, ......
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Gustav Adolf Joachim Rüdiger, Count von der Goltz (German army officer)
German army officer who, at the end of World War I, tried unsuccessfully to build a German-controlled Baltikum in Latvia, in order to prevent domination of that country by Soviet Russia....
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Gustav Eriksson Vasa (king of Sweden)
king of Sweden (1523–60), founder of the Vasa ruling line, who established Swedish sovereignty independent of Denmark....
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Gustav I Vasa (king of Sweden)
king of Sweden (1523–60), founder of the Vasa ruling line, who established Swedish sovereignty independent of Denmark....
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Gustav II Adolf (king of Sweden)
king of Sweden (1611–32) who laid the foundations of the modern Swedish state and made it a major European power....
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Gustav III (king of Sweden)
king of Sweden (1771–92), who reasserted the royal power over the Riksdag (parliament)....
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Gustav IV Adolf (king of Sweden)
Swedish king whose intemperate foreign policy led to his overthrow in a coup d’état (1809) and the loss of the eastern part of Sweden and Finland....
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Gustav Line (German fortification)
...Army, having made its way from Calabria up the Adriatic coast, was likewise held on the Sangro River. Autumn and midwinter passed without the Allies’ making any notable impression on the Germans’ Gustav Line, which ran for 100 miles from the mouth of the Garigliano through Cassino and over the Apennines to the mouth of the Sangro....
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Gustav V (king of Sweden)
king of Sweden from 1907 to 1950....
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Gustav Vasa (work by Strindberg)
...spent among his beloved skerries. His view that life is ruled by the “Powers,” punitive but righteous, was reflected in a series of historical plays that he began in 1889. Of these, Gustav Vasa is the best, masterly in its firmness of construction, characterization, and its vigorous dialogue. In 1901 he married the young Norwegian actress Harriet Bosse; in 1904 they parted,...
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Gustav Vasa Bible (religious canon)
...New Testament of 1522 served as its foundation, but the Latin Vulgate and Erasmus’ Greek were also consulted. The first official complete Bible and the first such in any Scandinavian country was the Gustav Vasa Bible (Uppsala; 1541), named for the Swedish king under whose reign it was printed. It utilized earlier Swedish translations as well as Luther’s. A corrected version (the G...
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Gustav VI Adolf (king of Sweden)
king of the Swedes from 1950 to 1973, the last Swedish monarch to hold real political power after constitutional reforms initiated in 1971....
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Gustav-Adolf-Werk der Evangelischen Kirche Deutschland (religious organization)
worldwide organization for the spreading of the Christian faith. It was founded by the Lutheran superintendent Gottlob Grossmann at Leipzig in 1832 as a “living” bicentennial memorial to the Swedish king Gustav II Adolf, Protestant hero of the Thirty Years...
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Gustavian Enlightenment (Swedish literature)
...Johan Kellgren on the opera Gustaf Wasa. For his cultural activity no less than his political achievements, his reign is known as the Gustavian, or Swedish, Enlightenment....
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Gustavianum (museum, Uppsala, Sweden)
...but progressed slowly, and not until 1435 was the church consecrated. The cathedral was ravaged by fire several times but was finally restored in the late 19th century. Opposite the cathedral is the Gustavianum, a medieval bishop’s palace that is now a museum of archaeology and cultural history....
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Gustavsberg (Sweden)
Such factories as Rörstrand and Gustavsberg in Sweden and Arabia Oy in Finland have achieved a growing reputation for excellent design in the modern idiom. The emphasis on form in present-day pottery is to a great extent due to the import of Chinese wares of the Sung dynasty (see below China: Sung dynasty) during the 1920s....
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Gustavus Adolphus (king of Sweden)
king of Sweden (1611–32) who laid the foundations of the modern Swedish state and made it a major European power....
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Gustavus Adolphus Bible (religious canon)
...country was the Gustav Vasa Bible (Uppsala; 1541), named for the Swedish king under whose reign it was printed. It utilized earlier Swedish translations as well as Luther’s. A corrected version (the Gustavus Adolphus Bible, named for the reigning Swedish king) was issued in 1618, and another with minor alterations by Eric Benzelius in 1703. The altered Bible was called the Charles XII Bi...
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Gustavus Adolphus Union (religious organization)
worldwide organization for the spreading of the Christian faith. It was founded by the Lutheran superintendent Gottlob Grossmann at Leipzig in 1832 as a “living” bicentennial memorial to the Swedish king Gustav II Adolf, Protestant hero of the Thirty Years...
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Gustavus Vasa, the Deliverer of His Country (work by Brooke)
In 1739 Brooke wrote a celebrated drama, Gustavus Vasa, the Deliverer of His Country, performance of which was forbidden because of the supposition that Sir Robert Walpole, the prime minister, was depicted in the part of the villain. Brooke returned to Ireland, and the play was......
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gustnado (meteorology)
...most commonly form beneath the flanking line of cumulus congestus clouds that frequently develop above a strong thunderstorm’s gust front (the leading edge of the storm’s downdraft). Often called gustnadoes, these vortices are true tornadoes when they are attached to the updraft of a rapidly growing congestus cloud. Gustnadoes draw their spin from the ......
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Guston, Philip (American painter)
American painter, a member of the second generation of Abstract Expressionists....
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Güstrow (Germany)
city, Mecklenburg–West Pomerania Land (state), northern Germany. It lies along the canalized Nebel River south of Rostock. Developing out of an early settlement near an ancient Wendish fortress, the town was a significant agricultural market and commercial centre by the time it was chartered in 1228. From 1235 to 1436 Güstrow was the residence of the Wendish...
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gut
pathway by which food enters the body and solid wastes are expelled. The alimentary canal includes the mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, and anus. See digestion....
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GUT (physics)
in particle physics, an attempt to describe all fundamental forces and the relationships between elementary particles in terms of a single theoretical framework. In physics, forces can be described by fields that mediate interactions between separate objects. In the mid-19th century ...
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“gute Mensch von Setzuan, Der” (work by Brecht)
...chronicle play of the Thirty Years’ War; Leben des Galilei (1943; The Life of Galileo); Der gute Mensch von Sezuan (1943; The Good Woman of Setzuan), a parable play set in prewar China; Der Aufhaltsame Aufstieg des Arturo Ui (1957; The Resistible Rise of Arturo Ui), a parable play of Hitler’s rise to......
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Gutenberg, Beno (American seismologist)
American seismologist noted for his analyses of earthquake waves and the information they furnish about the physical properties of the Earth’s interior....
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Gutenberg Bible
the first complete book extant in the West and the earliest printed from movable type, so called after its printer, Johannes Gutenberg, who completed it about 1455 working at Mainz, Ger. The three-volume work, in Latin text, was printed in 42-line columns and, in its later stages of production, was worked on by six composito...
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Gutenberg discontinuity (Earth science)
...the Mohorovičić discontinuity at depths on the order of 25–40 kilometres on the continents and five–eight kilometres on the seafloor. The mantle–core boundary is the Gutenberg discontinuity at a depth of about 2,800 kilometres. The outer core is thought to be liquid because shear waves do not pass through it....
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Gutenberg Galaxy: The Making of the Typographic Man, The (work by McLuhan)
In 1962 McLuhan published The Gutenberg Galaxy: The Making of Typographic Man, the first of several books in which he examined communications and society. His other works include The Mechanical Bride: Folklore of Industrial Man (1951), Understanding Media: The Extensions of Man (1964), The Medium Is the......
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Gutenberg, Johannes (German printer)
German craftsman and inventor who originated a method of printing from movable type that was used without important change until the 20th century. The unique elements of his invention consisted of a mold, with punch-stamped matrices (metal prisms used to mold the face of the type) with which type could be cast precisely and ...
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Güterbock, Hans G. (German scholar)
...the characters as well as to a correct analysis of the sentence structure of the inscriptions. In his publication of the (bilingual) Hittite royal seals (in 1940 and 1942), pioneering Hittitologist Hans G. Güterbock bridged the gap between the inscriptions of the empire period and the late Neo-Hittite states; the seals found in the French excavations at Ugarit (in northern Syria) served ...
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Gutermann, Sophie (German writer)
German writer whose first and most important work, Geschichte des Fräuleins von Sternheim (1771; History of Lady Sophia Sternheim), was the first German novel written by a woman and is considered to be among the best works from the period in which English novels, particularly those of Samuel Richardson...
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Guterres, António (prime minister of Portugal)
...system in which two major parties (the Socialists and the Social Democrats) and several minor parties emerged. In 1995 Cavaco Silva left office, replaced by Socialist António Guterres; the following year, Soares was succeeded as president by Socialist Jorge Sampaio, the former mayor of Lisbon. In 1999 the government adopted the euro, the EU’s single......
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Gütersloh (Germany)
city, North Rhine–Westphalia Land (state), west-central Germany. Chartered in 1825, the town has a garden atmosphere and extends into the surrounding old farm country. The city developed in the 19th century around the textile and meat-processing industries; the diversified economy now also produces machinery, metal...
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