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Gondi, Henry I (French bishop)
Albert’s oldest son was killed in a duel. His second son, Henry I (1572–1622), succeeded his uncle Pierre as bishop of Paris. His third son, Philippe-Emmanuel (b. 1581, Limoges—d. June 29, 1662, Joigny), Marquis de Belle-Isle, Count de Joigny, and Baron de Montmirail, was an outstanding military commander. After his great success in the naval battle of ......
Gondi, Jean-Baptiste (French historian)
...and started the most illustrious branch of the family. At first a banker in Lyon, he was brought to Paris by Catherine de Médicis, who made him steward to the Duke d’Anjou, later Henry III. Jean-Baptiste (1501–1580), nephew of Antoine, was steward to Catherine herself. A great-nephew, Jérôme II (1550–1600), Baron de Codun, helped arrange the marriage of...
Gondi, Jean-François (French archbishop)
...the queen, Anne of Austria, offered Richelieu’s post to Philippe-Emmanuel before offering it to Mazarin. The youngest of Albert’s four sons, Jean-François (1584–1654), succeeded his brother Henry I as bishop of Paris, later becoming archbishop....
Gondi, Jean-François-Paul de (French priest)
one of the leaders of the aristocratic rebellion known as the Fronde (1648–53), whose memoirs remain a classic of 17th-century French literature....
Gondi, Jérôme II (French historian)
...Paris by Catherine de Médicis, who made him steward to the Duke d’Anjou, later Henry III. Jean-Baptiste (1501–1580), nephew of Antoine, was steward to Catherine herself. A great-nephew, Jérôme II (1550–1600), Baron de Codun, helped arrange the marriage of Charles IX and Elizabeth of Austria (1570). Under Henry III, he served as ambassador to Venice and ...
Gondi language
one of the Dravidian languages of India. In the early 21st century it was spoken by about 2.7 million people, mostly Gonds. Gondi has many dialects, some of which are mutually unintelligible. It is not a written language and as such has no well-attested history before European colonization of the region, which began in the...
Gondi, Philippe-Emmanuel (French military commander)
Albert’s oldest son was killed in a duel. His second son, Henry I (1572–1622), succeeded his uncle Pierre as bishop of Paris. His third son, Philippe-Emmanuel (b. 1581, Limoges—d. June 29, 1662, Joigny), Marquis de Belle-Isle, Count de Joigny, and Baron de Montmirail, was an outstanding military commander. After his great success in the naval battle of ......
Gondi, Pierre (French cardinal)
...with the governorship of Metz. Albert was made ambassador to London, then marshal of France and governor of Provence (1573). In 1581 he was made Duke de Retz and Marquis de Belle-Isle. His brother Pierre, bishop of Paris, made cardinal in 1587, was sent by Henry IV as ambassador to Rome in 1595. He became a principal adviser to Louis......
Gondoin, Jacques (French architect)
...influential in publicizing the type of work being produced by French students in Rome; Charles de Wailly, who was an important teacher and, with Peyre, was the architect of the Paris Odéon; Jacques Gondoin, architect of the School of Medicine (1769–76), which, with its Corinthian temple portico and Roman-inspired amphitheatre covered by a coffered half dome and lit from a half......
gondola (balloon component)
...carrying the load or passengers has been used, ranging from a simple trapeze to the sealed environmentally controlled cabin of the stratosphere balloon. For sport ballooning, the traditional wicker basket, albeit with a stainless steel frame, is popular. Criteria for evaluation of a basket design should include toughness, energy absorption, and ......
gondola (boat)
tapered, 32-foot- (10-metre-) long flat-bottomed boat historically associated with the canals and lagoon of Venice, carrying from two to six passengers. It is propelled from the starboard quarter by a single sweep (oar) manipulated by a gondolier standing on the stern cover, and it has an asymmetrical shape, being 9 inches (23 cm) wider on the port side. A prominent steel beak (...
gondola (railroad vehicle)
...to haul bulk freight such as coal, gravel, and grain; they have either several discharge hatches or a collapsible bottom for rapid unloading. Gondola cars have fixed bottoms and must be unloaded from above with the help of a crane; they are used to transport manufactured goods. Boxcars are enclosed cars with ......
Gondomar, Diego Sarmiento de Acuña, conde de (Spanish diplomat and ambassador)
Spanish diplomat and ambassador to England who became one of the most influential men at the court of James I of England....
Gondophares (Indo-Parthian king)
an Indo-Parthian king in the areas of Arachosia, Kabul, and Gandhara (present Afghanistan and Pakistan). Some scholars recognize the name of Gondophernes through its Armenian form, Gastaphar, in Gaspar, the traditional name of one of the Magi (Wise Men) who came from the East to worship ...
Gondophernes (Indo-Parthian king)
an Indo-Parthian king in the areas of Arachosia, Kabul, and Gandhara (present Afghanistan and Pakistan). Some scholars recognize the name of Gondophernes through its Armenian form, Gastaphar, in Gaspar, the traditional name of one of the Magi (Wise Men) who came from the East to worship ...
Gondwana (historical region, India)
historic region in central India, comprising portions of Madhya Pradesh, Andhra Pradesh, and Maharashtra states. It is inhabited by the Gonds, a group of Dravidian peoples exceeding three million in population, first mentioned in 14th-century Muslim chronicles. From the 14th to the 18th century the area ...
Gondwana (supercontinent)
ancient supercontinent that incorporated present-day South America, Africa, Arabia, Madagascar, India, Australia, and Antarctica. It was fully assembled by Late Precambrian time, some 600 million years ago, and the first stage of its breakup began in the Early Jurassic Period, a...
Gondwana province (region, Antarctica)
From results mainly of British expeditions early in the 20th century, the concept arose that Antarctica is made up of two structural provinces—a long, stable Precambrian shield in East Antarctica and a much younger Mesozoic and Cenozoic mobile belt in West Antarctica—separated by the fault-block belt, or horst, of the Transantarctic Mountains. East and West Antarctica have come to......
Gondwana sequence (geological feature)
...African geomorphologist Lester C. King identified several phases of cyclic planation, which he correlated on a global basis. The oldest surfaces he recognized, termed Gondwana, were Mesozoic in age and related to the ancient landmass of Pangaea and its subsequent breakup during the Mesozoic. A younger surface, called the African or Moorland, developed during the......
Gondwana System (geological region, India)
...is particularly cited in this regard. The rock strata that contain this evidence are called the Karoo (Karroo) System in South Africa, the Gondwana System in India, and the Santa Catharina System in South America. It also occurs in the Maitland Group of eastern Australia as well as in the Whiteout conglomerate and Polarstar formations......
Gondwanaland (supercontinent)
ancient supercontinent that incorporated present-day South America, Africa, Arabia, Madagascar, India, Australia, and Antarctica. It was fully assembled by Late Precambrian time, some 600 million years ago, and the first stage of its breakup began in the Early Jurassic Period, a...
Gone Again (album by Smith)
...a few years later, it was only after his sudden death from a heart attack in 1994 that her comeback began in earnest. Gone Again, her first solo album in 17 years, appeared in 1996 and was followed by Peace and Noise (1997) and Gung Ho (2000). She continued releasing.....
Gone Are the Days (motion picture)
...together on stage, screen, and television—most notably in Purlie Victorious (1961), a play written by Davis and later adapted for the screen as Gone Are the Days (1963). Davis directed and wrote the films Cotton Comes to Harlem (1970) and Countdown to Kusini (1976). He continued to......
Gone, Baby, Gone (film by Affleck [2007])
...Golden Globe Award nomination. In 2007 he directed his first feature film, Gone, Baby, Gone. The crime drama, which was based on Dennis Lehane’s novel about two Boston detectives’ search for a missing girl, was a critical success. In 2009 Affleck starred in ......
Gone Fishin’ (novel by Mosley)
...of four young women—three black and one white. Other novels featuring Rawlins include Black Betty (1994) and A Little Yellow Dog (1996). For the publication of Gone Fishin’ (1997), a prequel to Devil in a Blue Dress, Mosley chose a small independent black publisher, Black Classic Press, over his longtime publisher W.W. Norton. Th...
Gone with the Wind (film by Fleming [1939])
...of four young women—three black and one white. Other novels featuring Rawlins include Black Betty (1994) and A Little Yellow Dog (1996). For the publication of Gone Fishin’ (1997), a prequel to Devil in a Blue Dress, Mosley chose a small independent black publisher, Black Classic Press, over his longtime publisher W.W. Norton. Th...
Gone with the Wind (novel by Mitchell)
American author of the enormously popular novel Gone with the Wind....
Goneril (fictional character)
the eldest of Lear’s three daughters and, with her sister Regan, one who betrays him in Shakespeare’s tragedy King Lear. She is married to the duke of Albany....
gonfalonier (medieval Italian official)
(“standard bearer”), a title of high civic magistrates in the medieval Italian city-states....
gonfaloniere (medieval Italian official)
(“standard bearer”), a title of high civic magistrates in the medieval Italian city-states....
gonfaloniere di compagnia (medieval Italian official)
In Florence the gonfaloniers of the companies (gonfalonieri di compagnia) originated during the 1250s as commanders of the people’s militia. In the 1280s a new office called the gonfalonier of justice (gonfaloniere di giustizia) was instituted to protect the interests of the people against the dominant magnate class. The holder of this office subsequently became the most promi...
gonfaloniere di giustizia (medieval Italian official)
...gonfaloniers of the companies (gonfalonieri di compagnia) originated during the 1250s as commanders of the people’s militia. In the 1280s a new office called the gonfalonier of justice (gonfaloniere di giustizia) was instituted to protect the interests of the people against the dominant magnate class. The holder of this office subsequently became the most prominent member o...
gong (bronze work)
type of Chinese bronze vessel used to serve wine, it was characterized by an unusually fine harmony between shape and decoration. It was produced during the Shang (c. 1600–1046 bc) and early Zhou (1046–256 bc) dynasties....
gong (musical instrument)
a circular metal platelike percussion instrument, usually having a turned-down rim. In most forms it is struck in the centre with a felt- or leather-covered beater, producing a sound of either definite or indefinite pitch. Its vibrations issue from the centre, in contrast to bells, which vibrate principally at the rim. Gongs may have shallow or deep rims (...
gong (Chinese art)
...showing a spreading block (dou) placed upon a column to support the beam above more broadly, and in depictions of curved arms (gong) attached near the top of the columns, parallel to the building wall, extending outward and up to help support the beam; however, the block and arms were not yet combined to create......
gong che (musical notation)
...of older lost traditions. There are a variety of notation systems, particularly for the solo music. The one most commonly used in tune books of the last dynasties is gong che, which indicates notes in a scale as shown in notation V. This system is still popularly used, although mainland sources prefer the number system shown in the first line of......
gong chime (musical instrument)
In Indonesia and East Asia tuned gongs are united to form gong chimes. The Chinese upright yunluo is a Buddhist and Confucian ritual chime and was formerly also played at court. The horizontal gong chimes of Indonesia (called bonang in Java) are outstanding components of Southeast Asian orchestras and have been......
Gong Ding’an (Chinese author)
reform-minded Chinese writer and poet whose works both foreshadowed and influenced the modernization movements of the late Qing dynasty....
Gong Li (Chinese actress)
popular Chinese actress who was widely associated with movies by Chinese director Zhang Yimou but was perhaps best known to a broad Western audience for her role as a 1930s Japanese geisha in the film Memoirs of a Geisha (2005)....
Gong, Prince (Chinese official)
leading official in the closing years of the Qing dynasty (1644–1911/12), who tried to repair a weakened government and to effect a rapprochement with the West....
Gong Qinwang (Chinese official)
leading official in the closing years of the Qing dynasty (1644–1911/12), who tried to repair a weakened government and to effect a rapprochement with the West....
Gong River (river, China)
...Jiang). Its headwaters rise in Guangdong province, where the Dayu Mountains divide southwestern Jiangxi from Guangdong. This upper stream is called the Zhang River. Another stream, the Gong River, rises in the Jiulian Mountains in the far south of Jiangxi. These two streams flow together near the city of Ganzhou, and from there the Gan flows north through Jiangxi province i...
Gong Seren (Chinese author)
reform-minded Chinese writer and poet whose works both foreshadowed and influenced the modernization movements of the late Qing dynasty....
Gong Xian (Chinese painter)
most important artist of the group known as the Eight Masters of Nanjing. He spent most of his life in Nanjing and was regarded by his contemporaries as aloof and eccentric....
Gong Zizhen (Chinese author)
reform-minded Chinese writer and poet whose works both foreshadowed and influenced the modernization movements of the late Qing dynasty....
Gong-ma (Tibetan title)
...Byang-chub rgyal-mtshan had liberated all of central Tibet, eradicating Mongol control over the country. Byang-chub rgyal-mtshan and the Phag-mo-gru leaders who succeeded him assumed the title of Gong-ma, restored the Tibetan ethos as the ruling ideology, and divided the nation into districts governed by centrally appointed officials. During the next 100 years in which the Phag-mo-gru was......
Gonga-Gimojan languages
...Omotic comprises the languages referred to as Aari, Hamer-Banna, Karo, and Dime. North Omotic is said to contain at least two divisions, Dizoid (with languages such as Dizi, Nayi, and Sheko) and Gonga-Gimojan. The latter comprises Gonga (with Kaficho, Shakacho, Boro, and possibly Anfillo), Yemsa (Janjero), and Gimira-Ometo. Bench is the main variety of Gimira, and the Ometo cluster is......
gongbi (Chinese painting)
in Chinese painting, meticulous brush technique that delimits details very precisely and without independent or expressive variation. It is often highly coloured and usually depicts figural or narrative subjects. The term gongbi is also used to refer to paintings that are generally more...
Gongdi (emperor of Sui dynasty)
...aid of the Turks and other local forces; Chang’an fell at year’s end. Xue Ju’s northwestern rebels were crushed, and the armies of Li Yuan occupied Sichuan and the Han River valley. A Sui prince, Gongdi, was enthroned as “emperor” in 617, while Yangdi was designated “retired emperor.” In the summer of 618, after Yangdi’s death, Li Yuan (kn...
gongfu (martial art)
a martial art, both a form of exercise with a spiritual dimension stemming from concentration and self-discipline and a primarily unarmed mode of personal combat often equated with karate or tae kwon do. The term kung fu can also signify careful preparation for the performance of any skillful endeavour without interference from the intellect or em...
Gongga, Mount (mountain, China)
highest peak of the Daxue Mountains, west-central Sichuan province, southern China. It rises to 24,790 feet (7,556 metres) with a snow line at about 18,000 feet (5,500 metres). Its terrain features a complex of glaciers, grasslands, and alpine pastures....
Gongga Shan (mountain, China)
highest peak of the Daxue Mountains, west-central Sichuan province, southern China. It rises to 24,790 feet (7,556 metres) with a snow line at about 18,000 feet (5,500 metres). Its terrain features a complex of glaciers, grasslands, and alpine pastures....
gonghang (Chinese guild)
the guild of Chinese merchants authorized by the central government to trade with Western merchants at Guangzhou (Canton) prior to the first Opium War (1839–42). Such firms often were called “foreign-trade firms” (yanghang) and the merchants who directed them ...
Gongjinhui (Chinese political organization)
...renounce the Three Principles of the People; others deserted to anarchism, leaving anti-Manchuism as the only common denominator in the league. Organizationally too, the league became divided: the Progressive Society (Gongjinhui), a parallel to the league, was born in Tokyo in 1907; a branch of this new society was soon opened at Wuhan with the ambiguous slogan “Equalization of human......
Gongola River (river, Nigeria)
principal tributary of the Benue River, northeastern Nigeria. It rises in several branches (including the Lere and Maijuju rivers) on the eastern slopes of the Jos Plateau and cascades (with several scenic waterfalls) onto the plains of the Gongola Basin, where it follows a northeasterly course. It then f...
Góngora, Antonio Caballero y (Colombian archbishop)
Educational reforms played an important role in the changing outlook of the Granadine Creoles. Archbishop Caballero y Góngora as viceroy (1782–88) made education one of his main interests. He modernized the program of studies in the schools, opened a school of mines, and initiated the botanical expedition under the able guidance of naturalist José Celestino Mutis. The new......
Góngora, Don Luis de (Spanish poet)
one of the most influential Spanish poets of his era. His Baroque, convoluted style, known as Gongorism (gongorismo), was so exaggerated by less gifted imitators that his reputation suffered after his death until it underwent a revaluation in the 20th century....
Góngora y Argote, Luis de (Spanish poet)
one of the most influential Spanish poets of his era. His Baroque, convoluted style, known as Gongorism (gongorismo), was so exaggerated by less gifted imitators that his reputation suffered after his death until it underwent a revaluation in the 20th century....
Gongorism (Spanish literary style)
...by the end of the 17th century when it died out along with the Baroque period of which it was a part. Other European movements like it were Gongorism in Spain, préciosité in France, and metaphysical poetry in England, notably in the work of George Herbert,......
gongorismo (Spanish literary style)
...by the end of the 17th century when it died out along with the Baroque period of which it was a part. Other European movements like it were Gongorism in Spain, préciosité in France, and metaphysical poetry in England, notably in the work of George Herbert,......
Gongsun Hong (Chinese scholar)
scholar who helped establish Confucianism as the official doctrine of the Chinese state....
Gongsun Long (Chinese philosopher)
one of the best known representatives of the Dialecticians, a Chinese philosophical school of the 3rd and 4th centuries bce whose adherents were concerned with analyzing the true meaning of words. The school had little influence after its own time until the modern period and China’s encounter with Western learning....
Gongsun Yang (Chinese statesman)
Chinese statesman and thinker whose successful reorganization of the state of Qin paved the way for the eventual unification of the Chinese empire by the Qin dynasty (221–207 bce). Shang Yang believed that the integrity of a state could be maintained only with power and that power consisted of a large army and full granaries....
Gongsunlongzi (work by Gongsun Long)
The Gongsunlongzi (“Master Gongsun Long”) is one of only a few independent works of ancient Chinese literature dealing with logic that has been at least partially preserved. Only 6 of its original 14 chapters survive....
gongsuo (Chinese history)
...fellow natives, receive financial aid, and store goods. In the course of the 18th century, another kind of organization that encompassed all those engaged in a trade, the gongsuo (guild), emerged in China’s cities. Huiguan frequently became subunits of gongsuo, and both...
Gongylonema neoplasticum (worm)
...animals. After intensive research, he concluded that the tumours, apparently malignant, followed an inflammation of stomach tissue caused by the larvae of a worm now known as Gongylonema neoplasticum. The worms had infected cockroaches eaten by the rats....
Gongyue (China)
city, western Uygur Autonomous Region of Xinjiang, China. It is the chief city, agricultural market, and commercial centre of the Ili River valley, which is a principal route from the Xinjiang region into Central Asia. The valley is far wetter than any other part of Xinjiang and has rich...
goniatite (fossil cephalopod)
...patterns where they join the outer shell. The complexity of these suture patterns culminated in the ammonites of the Mesozoic Era. From their origin (probably in the Emsian Age) the evolution of goniatite ammonites, as well as other ammonites, allows detailed zonal subdivisions to be established until the end of the Cretaceous Period. Devonian goniatites have been found on all continents......
Goniatitidae (fossil cephalopod)
...patterns where they join the outer shell. The complexity of these suture patterns culminated in the ammonites of the Mesozoic Era. From their origin (probably in the Emsian Age) the evolution of goniatite ammonites, as well as other ammonites, allows detailed zonal subdivisions to be established until the end of the Cretaceous Period. Devonian goniatites have been found on all continents......
Gonick, Larry (cartoonist)
...thinkers (Darwin, Marx, Einstein, Freud, etc.), and cartoon “people’s histories” (e.g., of the United States, of the universe) proliferated, the specialty of the award-winning Larry Gonick and the Mexican cartoonist Rius (Eduardo del Río). These are at once elementary introductions and sophisticated presentations of sometimes difficult material (Gonick, for......
Gonikāputra (Hindu author, mystic, and philosopher)
author or one of the authors of two great Hindu classics: the first, Yoga-sūtras, a categorization of Yogic thought arranged in four volumes with the titles “Psychic Power,” “Practice of Yoga,” “Samādhi” (transcendental state induced by trance), and “Kaivalya” (liberation); and the second, the ...
gonin-gumi (Japanese history)
...(or shōya), kumigashira, and hyakushōdai—to carry out its functions. The inhabitants of towns and villages throughout the country were required to form gonin-gumi (“five-household groups”), or neighbourhood associations, to foster joint responsibility for tax payment, to prevent offenses against the laws of their overlords, to......
goniometric sight (firearms)
...in policy. Guns had to be concealed from the enemy’s view, and a system had to be found that allowed them to be aimed without a direct view of the target. The solution was the adoption of the “goniometric,” or “panoramic,” sight, which could be revolved in any direction and which was graduated in degrees relative to the axis of the gun bore. The gun’s p...
Gonionemus (hydrozoan genus)
genus of small marine hydrozoans (order Limnomedusae, phylum Cnidaria). The conspicuous jellyfish stage of Gonionemus species is bell-shaped and measures about 15 mm (0.6 inch) or more in diameter. From the centre of the bell hangs the manubrium, a tubular structure that contains the mouth, and around the bell’s rim are hollow tentacles armed with stinging structur...
Gonionemus vertens (hydrozoan)
Stings from the species Gonionemus vertens are unusually venomous, and dense shoals of such jellyfish in warm seas pose a danger to swimmers. A sting from G. vertens causes a burning sensation in the skin, which is accompanied by rapid blistering and local edema, followed in turn by general weakness after 10 to 30 minutes. Numbness sets in, along with pain in the joints of the......
Goniophora (clam genus)
extinct genus of clams found in Silurian to Devonian rocks (the Silurian Period began 444 million years ago and lasted about 28 million years; it was followed by the Devonian, which lasted some 57 million years). Goniophora is characterized by a distinctive shell that is sharply angular. A prominent ridge extends the ...
Gonja (people)
a people of northern Ghana who speak a variety of Kwa languages of the Niger-Congo language family. They are descendants of a trading nation (usually called Gonja) founded in the 16th century, and they now constitute a chiefdom in the Northern region of Ghana, in the area above the confluence of the Black and White Volta riv...
Gonja, kingdom of (historical kingdom, Africa)
...by northern invaders in the 14th century. It extended south to the Black Volta River, but it was reduced in size by the conquests of the Guang (Gonja) in the mid-17th century. At the end of that century the Dagomba were subjugated by the Asante, who forced them to pay an annual tribute of slaves; this tribute was paid until 1874, when the.....
gonnardite (mineral)
...the relative scarcity of lateral bonds between chains results in the characteristic fibrous appearance of the group. Other zeolites in the natrolite group are mesolite, scolecite, thomsonite, and gonnardite; all have similar modes of occurrence, molecular structures, and physical properties, even though they have different crystal symmetries: mesolite and scolecite crystallize in the......
gonne (weapon)
in weaponry, ancient Roman torsion-powered weapon, similar to a catapult. It consisted of a single vertical beam thrust through a thick horizontal skein of twisted cords. The skein was twisted tight by geared winches, and the beam was then pulled down to a horizontal position, further increasing the twist (and thus the torsion) of the skein. A stone mounted on the cup-shaped tip of beam or on a sl...
Gonne, Maud (Irish patriot)
Irish patriot, actress, and feminist, one of the founders of Sinn Féin (“We Ourselves”), and an early member of the theatre movement started by her longtime suitor, W.B. Yeats....
Gonō River (river, Japan)
...the Iwami Plateau. The Backbone Range constitutes a sharp divide between the Sea of Japan and the Inland Sea, broken only by the gorge of the Gōno River in the west. The Gōno River has been bordered by an important highway since ancient times. The Kammuri Mountains to the west of the gorge are sometimes considered to be an......
gonococcal conjunctivitis (eye disorder)
...and Haemophilus influenzae (which may invade the respiratory tract or the brain coverings). Gonococcal conjunctivitis, invasion of the conjunctiva by gonorrhea organisms, was once common among newborn infants, who became infected during delivery. This infection can cause blindness if not......
gonococcus (bacteria species)
...infective endocarditis has been classified as acute or subacute. Acute infective endocarditis generally is caused by Staphylococcus, Pneumococcus, or Gonococcus bacteria or by fungi. This form of endocarditis develops rapidly, with fever, malaise, and other signs of systemic infection coupled with abnormal cardiac function and even acute......
gonoduct (anatomy)
The female reproductive tract consists of a pair of tubes (gonoducts) extending from anterior, funnel-like openings (ostia) to the cloaca, except as noted below. The gonoducts are specialized along their length for secretion of substances added to the eggs; for transport, storage, nutrition, and expulsion of eggs or the products of conception; and, in species with internal fertilization, for......
gonophore (zoology)
Most of the other hydrozoans are colonial organisms, often occurring in polyp and medusal (umbrella-shaped) forms. In a colony, reproductive individuals called gonophores develop into free-swimming organisms (medusae) that reproduce sexually. Fertilization can be either external or internal; if external, the eggs are shed directly into the water. Internal fertilization results in larvae that......
Gonophysema gullmarensis (crustacean)
...the Crustacea and can be extreme; the males of some groups may be so small that they are difficult to find on the much larger female. This is especially true in some of the parasitic copepods. In Gonophysema gullmarensis the male is found in a small pouch in the female genital tract. In many of the more advanced decapods, such as crabs and lobsters, however, the males are larger than the...
gonopod (zoology)
...or chemical products to guide females to externally placed spermatophores. Most male millipedes have secondary genital appendages called gonopods, by which they transfer the spermatophore directly to the genital opening of the female. One millipede actually uses a “tool” in sperm transfer; the male rounds a ......
gonopodium (zoology)
...or chemical products to guide females to externally placed spermatophores. Most male millipedes have secondary genital appendages called gonopods, by which they transfer the spermatophore directly to the genital opening of the female. One millipede actually uses a “tool” in sperm transfer; the male rounds a ......
Gonorhynchus gonorhynchus (fish)
any of several unrelated marine fishes found along sandy shores. Sandfishes, or beaked salmon, of the species Gonorhynchus gonorhynchus (family Gonorhynchidae) live in shallow to deep Indo-Pacific waters and can burrow rapidly in sand. They are slender fishes up to 37.5 cm (15 inches) long and have pointed snouts; the mouth, preceded......
gonorrhea (pathology)
sexually transmitted disease characterized principally by inflammation of the mucous membranes of the genital tract and urethra. It is caused by the gonococcus, Neisseria gonorrhoeae—a bacterium with a predilectio...
Gonorynchiformes (fish order)
...group of some 8,000 species, including the majority of known freshwater fishes.Series AnotophysiOrder Gonorynchiformes (milkfish, beaked sandfishes, snake mudheads, and relatives)Toothless; with epibranchial organs and a characteristic caudal......
Gonostomatidae (fish)
(family Gonostomatidae), any of the approximately 33 species of oceanic fishes (order Stomiiformes), occurring in tropical regions of the major oceans and characterized by luminescent organs on the undersides of their bodies. They inhabit moderate depths and are often referred to as deep-sea bristlemouths....
gonozooid (anatomy)
...the cheilostome Celleporella). Among living stenolaemates most zooids contain only testes (male gonads). The few female zooids enlarge to form spacious brood chambers, which are called gonozooids. During development, a young embryo squeezes off groups of cells that form secondary embryos; these in turn may form tertiary embryos. In this way, many larvae can develop in a single......
Gonsalvus Hispanus (Franciscan friar)
...determine whether he was with or against the king. Some 70 friars, mostly French, sided with Philip, while the rest (some 80 odd) remained loyal to the pope, among them John Duns Scotus and Master Gonsalvus Hispanus. The penalty was exile from France within three days. Boniface countered with a bull of August 15 suspending the university’s right to give degrees in theology or canon and c...
Gontcharova, Natalya (Russian artist)
innovative Russian painter, sculptor, and stage designer who was important as a founder, with Mikhail Larionov, of Rayonism (c. 1910) and as a designer for the Ballets Russes...
Gonthier de Biran, Marie-François-Pierre (French statesman and philosopher)
French statesman, empiricist philosopher, and prolific writer who stressed the inner life of man, against the prevalent emphasis on external sense experience, as a prerequisite for understanding the human self. Born with the surname Gonthier de Biran, he adopted Maine after his father’s estate, Le Maine....
Gontran (king of Burgundy)
Merovingian king of Burgundy who strove to maintain a balance of power among his warring relations....
Gonville and Caius Hall (building, Cambridge, England, United Kingdom)
...of New College, Oxford (1380–86), are connected to form a unified mass. This layout was enormously influential in subsequent collegiate building. One of the best-known quadrangles is that of Gonville and Caius, Cambridge (begun 1565), built by John Caius partly to display the new Renaissance architecture he had seen while journeying...
Gonville, Edmund (British priest)
(d. 1351), parish priest who founded Gonville Hall (1349), since 1557 Gonville and Caius College, at the University of Cambridge. He was the son of William de Gonvile and the brother of Sir Nicholas Gonvile. He served as rector of Thelnetham in Suffolk (1320–26), of Rushford (1326–42), and of Terrington St. Clem...

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