A-Z Browse

Previous Next

camera tripod (photography)
The camera must be mounted on a substantial support to avoid extraneous movements while film is being exposed. In its simplest form this is a heavy tripod structure, with sturdy but smooth-moving adjustments and casters, so that the exact desired position can be quickly reached. Often a heavy dolly, holding both the camera and a seated cameraman, is used. This can be pushed or driven around the......
Camera Work (photography magazine)
...declared in 1945. It sold for $10,000, but two other lots—André Kertész’s Behind the Hotel de Ville 1930 and a set of 25 issues of Alfred Stieglitz’s landmark magazine Camera Work—shared the highest bids of the day, each selling for $50,000. The auction, which included prints by such luminaries as Edward S. Curtis, Lewis Hine, Harry Callah...
caméra-stylo (film technique)
...and, more prominently, of André Bazin, whose thought molded an entire generation of filmmakers, critics, and scholars. In 1948 Astruc formulated the concept of the caméra-stylo (“camera-pen”), in which film was regarded as a form of audiovisual language and the filmmaker, therefore, as a kind of writer in light. Bazin’s......
cameralism (European economic policy)
For the state to continue to draw high taxes without ruining land and people, the country’s level of wealth had to be raised. Frederick William therefore pursued an aggressive policy (known as cameralism) of stimulating agriculture and manufacturing while reducing unnecessary expenditures; even his court was stripped of many of its royal trappings. Export bans preserved raw materials, and.....
Cameraman’s Revenge, The (animation by Starewicz)
...(also billed as Ladislas Starevitch), a Polish art student and amateur entomologist, created stop-motion animation with bugs and dolls; among his most celebrated films are The Cameraman’s Revenge (1912), in which a camera-wielding grasshopper uses the tools of his trade to humiliate his unfaithful wife, and the feature-length The Tale of the......
Camerarius, Joachim (German scholar and theologian)
German classical scholar and Lutheran theologian who mediated between Protestants and Catholics at the Reformation....
Camerarius, Rudolph Jacob (German botanist)
botanist who demonstrated the existence of sexes in plants....
Camerata (Italian society of poets and musicians)
Florentine society of intellectuals, poets, and musicians, the first of several such groups that formed in the decades preceding 1600. The Camerata met about 1573–87 under the patronage of Count Giovanni Bardi. The group’s efforts to revive ancient Greek music— building on the work of the theorist Girolamo Mei—were an important factor in the evolution...
Çamëria (region, Balkan peninsula)
...pressure from Albania’s neighbours, the great powers largely ignored demographic realities and ceded the vast region of Kosovo to Serbia, while in the south Greece was given the greater part of Çamëria, a part of the old region of Epirus centred on the Thíamis River. Many observers doubted whether the new state would be viable with about one-half of Albanian lands an...
Camerino, Giuliana Coen (Italian fashion designer and executive)
Dec. 8, 1920Venice, ItalyMay 10, 2010VeniceItalian fashion designer and executive who created handbags—many made of lush, vibrantly coloured textiles rather than the more traditional leather—that became fashion status symbols among celebrities and socialites. Coen, a member of...
Cameron (county, Pennsylvania, United States)
county, north-central Pennsylvania, U.S., consisting of a mountainous region on the Allegheny Plateau. The principal stream is Sinnemahoning Creek, which divides itself into the Bennett and Driftwood branches. Parklands include Elk State Forest and Sinnemahoning, Bucktail, and Sizerville state parks....
Cameron, Alistair G. W. (American astronomer)
Later in the 1970s the American astronomer A.G.W. Cameron developed a much more massive model of the protostar nebula, in which the comets accreted in a circular ring at some 1,000 AUえーゆー from the Sun, which is far beyond the present limits of the planetary system. The primeval circular orbits were then transformed into the elongated ellipses present in the Oort cloud by mass loss of the primitive......
Cameron, Charles (Scottish architect)
Two foreign architects played important roles: a Scotsman, Charles Cameron, whose most extensive work was at Tsarskoye Selo in the style invented by Robert Adam and who was responsible for introducing the first correct Greek Doric column and entablature in Russia in the circular Temple of Friendship at Pavlovsk (1780); and an Italian, Giacomo Antonio Domenico Quarenghi, who arrived in Russia in......
Cameron, David (prime minister of United Kingdom)
British Conservative Party leader who served as prime minister of the United Kingdom (2010– )...
Cameron, David William Donald (prime minister of United Kingdom)
British Conservative Party leader who served as prime minister of the United Kingdom (2010– )...
Cameron, Duncan (Canadian fur trader)
fur trader who became involved in a rivalry with the Hudson’s Bay Company over the settlement of the Red River region of western Canada....
Cameron Gallery (gallery, Pushkin, Russia)
...The golden suite of splendid halls (including the Amber Room) exemplifies Russian Baroque at its peak. The community also is the site of the Chinese Village (1782–96) in Alexander Park and the gallery (1780–90) named for its architect, Charles Cameron, the terraces of which contain more than 50 busts of figures from ancient Greek and Roman history. The Lycée, a school for t...
Cameron Highlands (resort area, Malaysia)
resort area of west-central West Malaysia (Malaya), in the Main Range, about 80 miles (130 km) south of southernmost Thailand. It comprises a cool highland plateau (elevation 4,750 feet [1,448 metres]), developed by the British in the 1940s as a ...
Cameron, James (Canadian filmmaker)
Canadian filmmaker known for his expansive vision and innovative special-effects films, most notably Titanic (1997), for which he won an Academy Award for best director, and Avatar (2009)....
Cameron, Julia Margaret (British photographer)
British photographer who is considered one of the greatest portrait photographers of the 19th century....
Cameron of Lochiel, Sir Ewen (Scottish Highland chieftain)
Scottish Highland chieftain, a strong supporter of the Stuart monarchs Charles II and James II of England. A man of enormous bulk, Lochiel became renowned for his feats of strength and ferocity in combat....
Cameron, Richard (Scottish religious leader)
Scottish Covenanter, founder of a religious sect called Cameronians....
Cameron, Simon (United States secretary of war)
U.S. senator, secretary of war during the American Civil War, and a political boss of Pennsylvania. His son James Donald Cameron (1833–1918) succeeded him in the Senate and as a political power in his state....
Cameron, Sir Donald (governor of East Africa)
...Territory (as it was then renamed), enforced a period of recuperation before new development plans were set in motion. A Land Ordinance (1923) ensured that African land rights were secure. Sir Donald Cameron, governor from 1925 to 1931, infused a new vigour into the country. He reorganized the system of native administration by the Native Authority Ordinance (1926) and the Native......
Cameron, Sir Ewen (Scottish Highland chieftain)
Scottish Highland chieftain, a strong supporter of the Stuart monarchs Charles II and James II of England. A man of enormous bulk, Lochiel became renowned for his feats of strength and ferocity in combat....
Cameron, Verney Lovett (British explorer)
British explorer, the first to cross equatorial Africa from sea to sea....
Cameron-Ramsay-Fairfax-Lucy (family of baronets)
Even without very large numbers of arms to place, the marshaling of quarterings may still be complicated. An interesting example is the marshaling of several coats of arms for the Cameron-Ramsay-Fairfax-Lucy family of baronets. The arms are said to be quarterly with the arms of Lucy in 1 and 4. Then in 2 the blazon begins grandquarter counterquartered. This means that quarter 2 is itself......
Cameronian (Scottish religious group)
any of the Scottish Covenanters who followed Richard Cameron in adhering to the perpetual obligation of the two Scottish covenants of 1638 and 1643 as set out in the Queensferry Paper (1680), pledging maintenance of the chosen form of church government and worship. After Cameron’s death, the Cameronians began in 1681...
Cameroon
country lying at the junction of western and central Africa. Its ethnically diverse population is among the most urban in western Africa. The capital is Yaoundé, located in the south-centre of the country....
Cameroon, flag of
...
Cameroon Highlands (highland, Africa)
...plateau in Guinea, in the Guinea Highlands, which also extend over the borders of Sierra Leone and Liberia, in the Jos Plateau in Nigeria, in the Adamawa region of Nigeria and Cameroon, and in the Cameroon Highlands. There are extensive low-lying areas near the coast and in the basins of the Sénégal, Gambia, Volta, and Niger–Benue rivers. The high areas of Darfur in The......
Cameroon, history of
History...
Cameroon, Mount (mountain, Cameroon)
volcanic massif of southwestern Cameroon that rises to a height of 13,435 feet (4,095 metres) and extends 14 miles (23 km) inland from the Gulf of Guinea. It is the highest peak in sub-Saharan western and central Africa and the westernmost extension of a series of hills and mountains tha...
Cameroon National Union (political party, Cameroon)
Cameroon became a de facto one-party state in 1966 and was dominated by the Cameroon National Union, a union of six political parties; it was renamed the Cameroon People’s Democratic Movement in 1985. After significant political unrest and a number of violent clashes, a constitutional amendment in 1990 established a multiparty system. Other major political parties include the National Union...
Cameroon People’s Democratic Movement (political party, Cameroon)
Cameroon became a de facto one-party state in 1966 and was dominated by the Cameroon National Union, a union of six political parties; it was renamed the Cameroon People’s Democratic Movement in 1985. After significant political unrest and a number of violent clashes, a constitutional amendment in 1990 established a multiparty system. Other major political parties include the National Union...
Cameroon People’s Union (political party, Cameroon)
...the major question was the type and intensity of the relationship with France after independence. The first nationalist party, the Cameroon People’s Union (Union des Populations Camerounaises; UPC), led by Felix-Roland Moumie and Reuben Um Nyobe, demanded a thorough break with France and the establishment of a socialist economy. French officials suppressed the UPC, leading to a bitter......
Cameroon, Republic of
country lying at the junction of western and central Africa. Its ethnically diverse population is among the most urban in western Africa. The capital is Yaoundé, located in the south-centre of the country....
Cameroon: Year In Review 1993
A republic of western central Africa, Cameroon lies on the Gulf of Guinea. Area: 475,442 sq km (183,569 sq mi). Pop. (1993 est.): 13,103,000. Cap.: Yaoundé. Monetary unit: CFA franc, with (Oct. 4, 1993) a par value of CFAF 50 to the French franc and a free rate of CFAF 283.25 to U.S. $1 (CFAF 429.12 = £ 1 sterling). President in 1993, Paul Biya; prime minister, Simon Achidi Achu....
Cameroon: Year In Review 1994
A republic of western central Africa, Cameroon lies on the Gulf of Guinea. Area: 475,442 sq km (183,569 sq mi). Pop. (1994 est.): 12,905,000. Cap.: Yaoundé. Monetary unit: CFA franc, with (from Jan. 12, 1994) a par value of CFAF 100 to the French franc and (as of Oct. 7, 1994) a free rate of CFAF 526.67 to U.S. $1 (CFAF 837.67 = £1 sterling). President in 1994, Paul Biya; prime minis...
Cameroon: Year In Review 1995
A republic of western central Africa and member of the Commonwealth, Cameroon lies on the Gulf of Guinea. Area: 475,442 sq km (183,569 sq mi). Pop. (1995 est.): 13,233,000. Cap.: Yaoundé. Monetary unit: CFA franc, with a par value of CFAF 100 to the French franc and (as of Oct. 6, 1995) a free rate of CFAF 501.49 to U.S. $1 (CFAF 792.78 = £1 sterling). President in 1995, Paul Biya; p...
Cameroon: Year In Review 1996
A republic of western central Africa and member of the Commonwealth, Cameroon lies on the Gulf of Guinea. Area: 475,442 sq km (183,569 sq mi). Pop. (1996 est.): 13,609,000. Cap.: Yaoundé. Monetary unit: CFA franc, with a par value of CFAF 100 to the French franc and (as of Oct. 11, 1996) a free rate of CFAF 518.24 to U.S. $1 (CFAF 816.38 = £1 sterling). President in 1996, Paul Biya; ...
Cameroon: Year In Review 1997
Area: 475,442 sq km (183,569 sq mi)...
Cameroon: Year In Review 1998
Area: 475,442 sq km (183,569 sq mi)...
Cameroon: Year In Review 1999
Cameroon’s economy continued to improve overall in 1999, although reverberations from the Asian financial crisis resulted in a slightly lower-than-expected growth rate of 4.5%. Lower world oil and timber prices were primarily to blame. International Monetary Fund (IMF) delegations visited the country in Februar...
Cameroon: Year In Review 2000
An International Monetary Fund (IMF) mission visited Cameroon in February 2000 to review the country’s structural adjustment plan. Although the three-year plan was achieving some success, the IMF, along with the World Bank, was apparently dissat...
Cameroon: Year In Review 2001
Following an inquiry into a February 18 explosion and fire at Yaoundé’s armory, Col. Jean-Paul Mengot, chief of the Presidential Guard, was dismissed on Feb. 23, 2001, and an unspecified number of soldiers were arrested. Fears that a military coup might be under way had created near panic in the city. On July 26, in an effort to defuse reports of growing discontent within the militar...
Cameroon: Year In Review 2002
Pres. Paul Biya’s Cameroon People’s Democratic Movement crushed the opposition in the country’s June 30, 2002, legislative elections, increasing its majority of the 180 seats from 116 to 133. Despite opposition charges of widespread fraud, observers representing the Commonwealth and the United Nations de...
Cameroon: Year In Review 2003
Late in 2002 the International Court of Justice ruled in favour of Cameroon in the territorial dispute over possession of the Bakassi peninsula. Nigeria, which had been contesting the ownership of the oil-rich area since 1993, initially refused to accept the judgment. Several bilateral meetings were held to find a peaceful s...
Cameroon: Year In Review 2004
Cameroon’s main opposition parties once again faced failure in their efforts to defeat Pres. Paul Biya’s bid for a third term in the presidential election held on Oct. 11, 2004. Despite an agreement the previous year between the Social Democratic Front (SDF) and the Democratic Union of Cameroon (UDC) to unite behind a single candidate under the u...
Cameroon: Year In Review 2005
In 2005, three years after the International Court of Justice had delineated the 1,600-km (1,000-mi) border between Cameroon and Nigeria, the implementation of the ruling remained stalled. The Cameroon-Nigeria Mixed Commission met on July 28 for its first session of the year to continue discussions under the auspices and funding of the UN. An agreement was rea...
Cameroon: Year In Review 2006
Four years after the International Court of Justice ruled on the ownership of the Bakassi peninsula, a joint ceremony held on Aug. 14, 2006, marked the transfer of sovereignty of the oil-rich area from Nigeria to Cameroon. This followed decades of armed clashes and near war between the two nations. In the presence of officials from both nations and observers from Britain, France...
Cameroon: Year In Review 2007
Some 20 members of the Southern Cameroon National Council (SCNC) were arrested on Jan. 20, 2007, while trying to hold a press conference. The SCNC, which had been banned in 2001 after violent conflicts with the police, was demanding the secession of the two western English-speaking provinces and the establishment of an independent Anglophone Cameroon. In contrast to the ongoing separatist debate, ...
Cameroon: Year In Review 2008
Ignoring widespread complaints from opposition parties and nongovernmental organizations, Cameroonian Pres. Paul Biya announced in early January 2008 his intention to eliminate the two-term limit of presidential office defined by the constitution. Throughout February a national transport strike to protest huge increases in food and fuel pric...
Cameroon: Year In Review 2009
In a long-anticipated move, Cameroonian Pres. Paul Biya reshuffled the government on June 30, 2009. He named lawyer Philemon Yang, a member of the ruling Democratic Rally of the Cameroon People, as prime minister. Yang, like his predecessor, Ephraïm Inoni, was from the Anglophone region of Cameroon....
Cameroon: Year In Review 2010
On April 10, 2010, 10 opposition parties in Cameroon along with 10 nongovernmental organizations demanded the dissolution of the Independent Electoral Commission (IEC) that had overall charge of the 2011 presidential election. They claimed that the IEC’s appointees were too closely tied to Pres. Paul Biya’s ruling party....
Cameroonian Union (political party, Cameroon)
...the Assembly of the French Union. In the first Cameroon government (1957), he was vice premier and minister of the interior; when the first premier fell in early 1958, he formed his own party, the Cameroonian Union, and became the new premier....
Cameroun, Mont (mountain, Cameroon)
volcanic massif of southwestern Cameroon that rises to a height of 13,435 feet (4,095 metres) and extends 14 miles (23 km) inland from the Gulf of Guinea. It is the highest peak in sub-Saharan western and central Africa and the westernmost extension of a series of hills and mountains tha...
Cameroun, République du
country lying at the junction of western and central Africa. Its ethnically diverse population is among the most urban in western Africa. The capital is Yaoundé, located in the south-centre of the country....
Camestres (syllogistic)
Second figure: Cesare, Camestres, Festino, Baroco,...
Camestrop (syllogistic)
*Cesaro, *Camestrop....
Camicia Nera (Italian history)
member of any of the armed squads of Italian Fascists under Benito Mussolini, who wore black shirts as part of their uniform....
Camicie Nere (Italian history)
member of any of the armed squads of Italian Fascists under Benito Mussolini, who wore black shirts as part of their uniform....
Camiguin (island, Philippines)
mountainous island in the Bohol (Mindanao) Sea, 6 miles (10 km) off the northern coast of Mindanao, Philippines. Located near Macajalar and Gingoog bays, the island is often considered the most beautiful of the Philippine archipelago. Since 1948, eruptions of volcanic Mount Hibok-Hibok (4,363 feet [1,330 m]) have caused mass emigrations to t...
Camilla (Roman mythology)
in Roman mythology, legendary Volscian maiden who became a warrior and was a favourite of the goddess Diana. According to the Roman poet Virgil (Aeneid, Books VII and XI), her father, Metabus, was fleeing from his enemies with the infant Camilla when he encountered the Amisenus (Amazenus) River....
Camilla, duchess of Cornwall (British duchess)
consort (2005– ) of Charles, prince of Wales....
Camilla: or a Picture of Youth (novel by Burney)
...married Alexandre d’Arblay, a former adjutant general to Lafayette, then a penniless French émigré living in England. They had one son. In 1796 she wrote a potboiler, Camilla: or a Picture of Youth, and on its proceeds the d’Arblays built a house in Surrey, where they moved in 1797. While on a visit to France with her husband and son in 1802,...
Camille (film by Cukor [1936])
...with less-consistent thematic or visual styles were William Wyler (Wuthering Heights, 1939; The Little Foxes, 1941), George Cukor (Camille, 1936; The Philadelphia Story, 1940), Leo McCarey (The Awful Truth, 1937; Going My Way, 1944), Preston......
Camille (fictional character)
fictional character, the protagonist of La Dame aux camélias (1848; staged 1852) by Alexandre Dumas fils....
Camille, Hurricane (tropical cyclone)
hurricane (tropical cyclone), one of the strongest of the 20th century, that hit the United States in August 1969. After entering the Gulf of Mexico, the hurricane struck the Mississippi River basin. As the storm moved inland across much of the southeastern United Stat...
Camillo de Lellis (Roman Catholic saint)
founder of the Ministers of the Sick. Along with St. John of God, Camillus became patron of the sick....
Camillo, Don (fictional character)
fictional character, a pugnacious Italian village priest whose confrontations with his equally belligerent adversary, the local communist mayor Peppone, formed the basis for a series of popular, humorous short stories by Italian author Giovanni Guareschi. The character also figured in a series of successful French-language films (1950s and ’60s) starring the French comic ...
Camillus (United States statesman)
New York delegate to the Constitutional Convention (1787), major author of the Federalist papers, and first secretary of the Treasury of the United States (1789–95), who was the foremost champion of a ...
Camillus, Marcus Furius (Roman soldier)
Roman soldier and statesman who came to be honoured after the sack of Rome by the Gauls (c. 390) as the second founder of the city....
Camillus of Lellis, Saint (Roman Catholic saint)
founder of the Ministers of the Sick. Along with St. John of God, Camillus became patron of the sick....
Camilo Cichero Stadium (stadium, Buenos Aires, Argentina)
Since 1940 Boca has played in Camilo Cichero Stadium, which was renamed Alberto J. Armando Stadium in 2000 in honour of a former club president. Fans know it as La Bombonera (“the Chocolate Box”) because of its unusual structure, with curving, steeply banked stands on three sides and one underdeveloped stand on the final side. The ground has a capacity of 49,000 spectators and is a.....
Caminer, David (British computer software engineer)
June 26, 1915London, Eng.June 19, 2008LondonBritish computer software engineer who developed (with hardware designer John Pinkerton) the world’s first business computer, LEO (Lyons Electronic Office), which revolutionized the speed and accuracy with which routine business data could ...
Caminha, Adolfo (Brazilian author)
Two authors closely identified with the naturalist school who were writing during Machado de Assis’s time are Aluízio Azevedo and Adolfo Caminha. Azevedo’s naturalist and somewhat melodramatic novels deal primarily with environmental determinism and denounce social evils. Three novels are representative of Azevedo’s contribution to Brazilian literature: ...
Caminho de pedras (work by Queiroz)
...to meddle with the plot of her second novel, João Miguel (1932), ended her short-lived association with the Communist Party. Her third novel, Caminho de pedras (1937; “Rocky Road”), is the story of a woman rejecting her traditional role and embracing a new sense of independence. As três......
Caminiti, Ken (American baseball player)
American baseball player (b. April 21, 1963, Hanford, Calif.—d. Oct. 10, 2004, New York, N.Y.), won the National League’s Most Valuable Player (MVP) award in 1996 as a member of the San Diego Padres. In 2002 he told Sports Illustrated magazine that he had used steroids during his MVP season and warned that Major League Baseball was facing an epidemic of steroid use. Caminiti...
Camino, Carlos Ruiz (Mexican bullfighter)
Mexican bullfighter, the dominant Mexican matador and one of the greatest of any nationality in modern times....
“camino de los ingleses, El” (film by Banderas)
...of Zorro, a sequel to The Mask of Zorro. The following year Banderas directed his second film, El camino de los ingleses (Summer Rain), an adaptation of an Antonio Soler novel about a group of teenage boys who have a memorable summer vacation. In 2010 he portrayed a dissatisfied art-gallery owner in Woody Al...
Camino Galicia de la Rosa, Felipe (Spanish poet)
Spanish poet known chiefly as a poet of the Spanish Civil War....
Camino Real (play by Williams)
In 1953, Camino Real, a complex work set in a mythical, microcosmic town whose inhabitants include Lord Byron and Don Quixote, was a commercial failure, but his Cat on a Hot Tin Roof (1955), which exposes the emotional lies governing relationships in the family of a wealthy Southern planter, was awarded a Pulitzer Prize and was successfully filmed, as was The Night of the......
Camino Real (highway, Spain)
(Spanish: Royal Road), highway that in the 16th century connected the cities of Gijón, León, and Madrid, Spain; in Spain it has come to mean any important highway. In California a coastal highway called El Camino Real was built during the Spanish period (1542–1821) and finally extended 600 miles (970 km...
Camino Real, El (highway, California, United States)
...highway that in the 16th century connected the cities of Gijón, León, and Madrid, Spain; in Spain it has come to mean any important highway. In California a coastal highway called El Camino Real was built during the Spanish period (1542–1821) and finally extended 600 miles (970 km) from San Diego to Sonoma. It connected the 21 missions and 4 presidios (forts) built......
Camisard (French Protestant militants)
any of the Protestant militants of the Bas-Languedoc and Cévennes regions of southern France who, in the early 18th century, organized an armed insurrection in opposition to Louis XIV’s persecution of Protestantism. Camisards were so called probably because of the white shirts (Languedocian camisa, French chemise) that they wore to recognize one anot...
Camm, Sydney (British engineer)
The Hurricane emerged from efforts by Sydney Camm, Hawker’s chief designer, to develop a high-performance monoplane fighter and from a March 1935 Air Ministry requirement calling for an unprecedented heavy armament of eight wing-mounted 0.303-inch (7.7-mm) machine guns. Designed around a 1,200-horsepower, 12-cylinder, in-line Rolls-Royce engine soon to be dubbed the Merlin, the Hurricane wa...
Cammaerts, Émile (Belgian poet and writer)
Belgian poet and writer who, as a vigorous royalist, interpreted Belgium to the British public....
Cammeyer, William (American businessman)
...paid dues, the emphasis was on fraternity and socializing, and baseball games were played largely among members. But the growth of baseball’s popularity soon attracted commercial interest. In 1862 William Cammeyer of Brooklyn constructed an enclosed baseball field with stands and charged admission to games. Following the Civil War, this practice quickly spread, and clubs soon learned tha...
Camnula pellucida (insect)
...of short-horned grasshoppers that can produce sound during flight. One of the common species, the Carolina grasshopper (Dissosteira carolina), has black hind wings with a pale border. The clear-winged grasshopper (Camnula pellucida) is a major crop pest in North America....
Camoëns, Luis Vaz de (Portuguese poet)
Portugal’s great national poet, author of the epic poem Os Lusíadas (1572; The Lusiads), which describes Vasco da Gama’s discovery of the sea route to India. Camões had a permanent and unparalleled impact on Portuguese and Brazilian literature alike, due not only to his epic but also ...
Camoens, Luis Vaz de (Portuguese poet)
Portugal’s great national poet, author of the epic poem Os Lusíadas (1572; The Lusiads), which describes Vasco da Gama’s discovery of the sea route to India. Camões had a permanent and unparalleled impact on Portuguese and Brazilian literature alike, due not only to his epic but also ...
Camões, Luís de (Portuguese poet)
Portugal’s great national poet, author of the epic poem Os Lusíadas (1572; The Lusiads), which describes Vasco da Gama’s discovery of the sea route to India. Camões had a permanent and unparalleled impact on Portuguese and Brazilian literature alike, due not only to his epic but also ...
Camões, Luís Vaz de (Portuguese poet)
Portugal’s great national poet, author of the epic poem Os Lusíadas (1572; The Lusiads), which describes Vasco da Gama’s discovery of the sea route to India. Camões had a permanent and unparalleled impact on Portuguese and Brazilian literature alike, due not only to his epic but also ...
Camões Prize (literary award)
In May 2010 the most important trophy of Portuguese-language literatures, the Camões Prize, was awarded to Brazilian poet, essayist, and playwright Ferreira Gullar. His long career in poetry encompassed the collections Poema sujo (1976; Dirty Poem, 1990, published in 1988—with the same translator—as Sullied Poem), Crime na flora, ou, Ordem e......
camogie (sport)
outdoor stick-and-ball game somewhat akin to field hockey and lacrosse and long recognized as the national pastime of Ireland. There is considerable reference to hurling (iomáin in Gaelic) in the oldest Irish manuscripts describing the game as far back as the 13th century bc; ma...
camomile (plant)
plant of the genus Anthemis, containing more than 100 species of Eurasian herbs in the family Asteraceae; also, a similar plant in the genus Chamaemelum of the same family. Both genera have yellow or white ray flowers and yellow disk flowers in the compact ...
Camonica, Val (valley, Italy)
...some of which were built on the shores of the Alpine lakes. Sites have been discovered near Lake Annecy, along the shores of Lake Geneva, in the Totes Mountains in Austria, and in the Aosta and Camonica Valleys in Italy. The latter valley is noted for some 20,000 rock engravings that leave an invaluable picture of more than 2,000 years of habitation....
Camorra (Italian secret society)
Italian secret society of criminals that grew to power in Naples during the 19th century. Its origins are uncertain, but it may have existed in Spain as early as the 15th century and been transported thence to Italy. As the Camorra grew in influence and power, its operations included criminal activities of various kinds, su...
Camorta (island, India)
...the Andaman Islands to the north, constitute the boundary between the southeastern Bay of Bengal (west) and the Andaman Sea (east). The Nicobar group includes the islands of Car Nicobar (north), Camorta (Kamorta) and Nancowry (central group), and Great Nicobar (south)....