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Costa Rica: Year In Review 2006
Contradicting most preelection polls, which placed Óscar Arias of the National Liberation Party (PLN) as the clear frontrunner over third-time candidate Ottón Solís Fallas of the Citizens Action Party (PAC) in the Feb. 5, 2006, presidential election, the results were so close that the winner was not declared until a painstaking manual reco...
Costa Rica: Year In Review 2007
In Costa Rica’s first-ever national referendum, held on Oct. 7, 2007, citizens voted in favour of the Central America–Dominican Republic Free Trade Agreement (CAFTA–DR) with the United States, becoming the last Central American country to ratify the agreement. When the ballots were counted, 51.6% of voters supported CAFTA. The turno...
Costa Rica: Year In Review 2008
Much of the political energy in Costa Rica during 2008 was focused on passage of legislation to implement the Central America–Dominican Republic Free Trade Agreement (CAFTA-DR). After years of debate, a national referendum on Oct. 7, 2007, had produced a very slim victory (51.6–48.4%) for the pro-ratification side. Formal ratification coul...
Costa Rica: Year In Review 2009
The year 2009 in Costa Rica was highlighted by natural disaster, preelection fever, a weak economy, and international mediation efforts. On January 8 a major earthquake struck the country, with its epicentre 6.5 km (4 mi) east of the Poás Volcano in Alajuela province. The shock waves were felt throughout the country, and 34 persons were killed, with another 60 missing. Mo...
Costa Rica: Year In Review 2010
The year 2010 in Costa Rica was highlighted by the national elections, held on February 7. For the first time in the history of the country, a woman, Laura Chinchilla of the incumbent National Liberation Party (PLN), claimed presidential victory, sweeping all but 2 of the country’s 81 cantons and winning 46.9% of the votes cast...
Costa, Sir Michael (Italian-born British conductor)
...George Colman the Elder, John Philip Kemble, and Charles Kemble. The structure burned in 1808 and was rebuilt in 1809. In 1847 it became the Royal Italian Opera House under the noted conductor Michael Costa and, later, Frederick Gye. The building burned in 1856, and a new building was opened in 1858. The Royal Italian Opera failed in 1884 and was replaced in 1888 by what came to be called......
Costa, Uriel da (Jewish philosopher)
freethinking rationalist who became an example among Jews of one martyred by the intolerance of his own religious community. He is sometimes cited as a forerunner of the renowned philosopher Benedict de Spinoza....
Costa-Cabral, António Bernardo da (Portuguese statesman)
...that of 1822. In September 1836 the latter, thenceforth called Septembrists, seized power. The chartist leaders rebelled and were exiled, but by 1842 the Septembrist front was no longer united, and António Bernardo da Costa Cabral restored the charter....
Costa-Gavras (French director)
Greek-born naturalized French motion-picture director noted for films that have been both political arguments and entertainments (usually as mysteries or thrillers)....
Costain, Thomas B. (American writer)
Canadian-born American historical novelist....
Costain, Thomas Bertram (American writer)
Canadian-born American historical novelist....
costal cartilage (anatomy)
...the blastema of the neural (dorsal) arch of the vertebra. In the interspaces between adjacent myotomes of each side, an extension from each sclerotomic mass passes laterally and forward to form the costal, or rib, element. It is only in the thoracic (midbody) region that the costal elements develop into ribs. In the other regions the costal elements remain rudimentary (undeveloped)....
Costanoan (people)
any of several dialectally related North American Indian peoples speaking a Penutian language and originally living in an area stretching from the San Francisco Bay region southward to Point Sur, Calif. Traditionally, Costanoans lived in a number of independently organiz...
Coste, Robert de (French architect)
influential French architect who created mansions now regarded as the epitome of early Rococo residential design....
Costello, Elvis (British singer-songwriter)
British singer-songwriter who extended the musical and lyrical range of the punk and new-wave movements....
Costello, Frank (American organized crime boss)
major American syndicate gangster, a close associate of Lucky Luciano, noted for his influence with politicians....
Costello, John A. (prime minister of Ireland)
taoiseach (prime minister) of Ireland from 1948 to 1951 and from 1954 to 1957....
Costello, John Aloysius (prime minister of Ireland)
taoiseach (prime minister) of Ireland from 1948 to 1951 and from 1954 to 1957....
Costello, John Edward (Scottish historian)
Scottish-born World War II historian and author who gained access to the U.S. national and Soviet KGB archives and subsequently wrote several controversial books on the international espionage community (b. May 3, 1943--d. Aug. 26, 1995)....
Costello, Lou (American actor)
As a young man, Costello greatly admired Charlie Chaplin. In 1927 he moved to Hollywood where he worked as a stuntman; after an injury, he quit stunt work to perform in New York burlesque. Although he had never worked on stage before, he quickly became one of the top burlesque comics and learned the hundreds of standard comedy routines of the circuit. These stock routines allowed for comics to......
Coster, Charles de (Belgian author)
Belgian novelist, writing in French, who stimulated Belgian national consciousness and prepared the ground for an original native literature....
Coster, Charles-Théodore-Henri de (Belgian author)
Belgian novelist, writing in French, who stimulated Belgian national consciousness and prepared the ground for an original native literature....
Coster, Dirk (Dutch physicist)
...Prize for Chemistry. His development of isotopic tracer techniques greatly advanced understanding of the chemical nature of life processes. In 1923 he also discovered, with the Dutch physicist Dirk Coster, the element hafnium....
Coster, Laurens Janszoon (Dutch printer and inventor)
Dutch rival of Johannes Gutenberg as the alleged inventor of printing....
Costermansville (Democratic Republic of the Congo)
city, eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo, central Africa, on a peninsula extending into Lake Kivu. It is a commercial and industrial centre, a lake port, and a tourist city with road access northwest to Kisangani, southwest to ...
Costigan, Edward Prentiss (American politician)
American lawyer and politician, member of the U.S. Tariff Commission (1916–28) and a U.S. senator from Colorado (1930–36)....
Costilla, Miguel Hidalgo y (Mexican leader)
Roman Catholic priest who is called the father of Mexican independence....
Costillares, Joaquín Rodríguez (Spanish bullfighter)
One of the greatest of the early professional bullfighters was Joaquín Rodríguez Costillares (born in Sevilla in 1729). Known as the father of modern (foot-based) bullfighting, Costillares is credited with creating the pomp and pageantry associated with the modern, commercialized corrida, including the basic cape pass called the veronica, the matador’s tradition of wearing an....
Costin, Miron (Romanian author)
Historiography was at its height with the humanist historiographers of 17th-century Moldavia, whose leader was Miron Costin. He wrote a chronicle of Moldavia in Romanian and a poem on the history of his country in Polish. The chronicle was continued by his son Nicolae, who also pioneered the collection of folklore and legends. Dmitry Kantemir (Dimitrie Cantemir), prince of Moldavia, a great......
costing (finance)
A major factor in business planning is the cost of producing the company’s products. Cost finding is the process by which the company obtains estimates of the costs of producing a product, providing a service, performing a function, or operating a department. Some of these estimates are historical (how much did it cost?), while others are predictive (what will it cost?)....
costmary (herb)
(Tanacetum balsamita), aromatic herb of the aster family (Asteracae) with yellow, button-shaped flowers. Its bitter, slightly lemony leaves may be used fresh in salads and fresh or dried as a flavouring, particularly for meats, poultry, and English ale. The dried leaves are also used as a tea and in ...
Costner, Kevin (American actor and director)
American film actor and director. After graduating from business school at California State University, Fullerton (B.A.,1978), Costner began taking acting lessons following an encouraging encounter onboard an airplane with actor Richard Burton. Costner’s scenes were famously cut from ...
Costner, Kevin Michael (American actor and director)
American film actor and director. After graduating from business school at California State University, Fullerton (B.A.,1978), Costner began taking acting lessons following an encouraging encounter onboard an airplane with actor Richard Burton. Costner’s scenes were famously cut from ...
costumbrismo (art)
(from Spanish costumbre, “custom”), a trend in Spanish literature that emphasized the depiction of the everyday manners and customs of a particular social or provincial milieu. Although the origins of costumbrismo go back to the Golden Age of Spanish literature in the 16th and 17th centuries, it ...
costumbristas (art)
(from Spanish costumbre, “custom”), a trend in Spanish literature that emphasized the depiction of the everyday manners and customs of a particular social or provincial milieu. Although the origins of costumbrismo go back to the Golden Age of Spanish literature in the 16th and 17th centuries, it ...
costume (body covering)
clothing and accessories for the human body. The variety of dress is immense. The style that a particular individual selects is often linked to that person’s sex, age, socioeconomic status, culture, geographic area, and historical era....
costume (theatre)
Costume design...
costume, ballet
clothing designed to allow dancers freedom of movement while at the same time enhancing the visual effect of dance movements—for example, the ballerina’s tutu, a multilayered skirt that creates an impression of lightness and flight....
costume design (theatre and filmmaking)
...
costume jewelry
“Statement” jewelry—bold costume pieces such as cocktail rings, bejeweled necklaces, brooches, and swingy chandelier earrings—proliferated on the autumn-winter runways of Balenciaga, Burberry, Lanvin, Missoni, and Yves Saint Laurent and evolved to rival handbags for supremacy in the accessories category. Knockoffs of designer baubles were made widely available at......
costume plate
...leader of European fashion, a position it held until 1939 and even later. The mode was set in Paris, and new styles were disseminated by mannequin dolls sent out to European capitals and by costume plates drawn by notable artists from Albrecht Dürer to Wenceslaus Hollar....
Costus (plant genus)
...leader of European fashion, a position it held until 1939 and even later. The mode was set in Paris, and new styles were disseminated by mannequin dolls sent out to European capitals and by costume plates drawn by notable artists from Albrecht Dürer to Wenceslaus Hollar.......
Cosway, Richard (English miniaturist)
English miniaturist....
cot (mathematics)
...of angles and their application to calculations. There are six functions of an angle commonly used in trigonometry. Their names and abbreviations are sine (sin), cosine (cos), tangent (tan), cotangent (cot), secant (sec), and cosecant (csc). These six trigonometric functions in relation to a right triangle are displayed in the figure. For example, the triangle......
cot (architecture)
A bell cote, or cot, is a bell gable, or turret, a framework for hanging bells when there is no belfry. It may be attached to a roof ridge, as an extension of the gable, or supported by brackets against a wall....
cot death (pathology)
unexpected death of an apparently healthy infant from unexplained causes. SIDS is of worldwide incidence, and within industrialized countries it is the most common cause of death of infants between two weeks and one year old. In 95 percent of SIDS cases, infants are two to four months old....
Cotabato City (Philippines)
city, southern Mindanao, Philippines. The city is located in a swampy area near the southern banks of the Cotabato River (a tributary of the Mindanao River) and just inland of the Moro Gulf. Cotabato City is the primary trade and commercial centre for all of southwestern Mindanao. Rice, corn (maize), cocon...
Cotabato River (river, Philippines)
main river of the Cotabato lowland, central Mindanao, Philippines. It rises in the central highlands of northeastern Mindanao (island) as the Pulangi and then flows south to where it joins the Kabacan to form the Mindanao. It meanders northwest through the Libungan Marsh and Liguasan Swamp, which is the habitat of crocodiles. At Datu Piang the river turns to enter Illana Bay of the Moro Gulf in tw...
Cotalpa lanigera (insect)
The North American goldsmith beetle (Cotalpa lanigera) is broad and oval and is about 20 to 26 mm (0.8–1 inch) long. It is coloured a shining gold on the head and thorax (region behind the head) and is copper-coloured on the underside of the body. A related species, the common vine pelidnota (Pelidnota punctata), occurs throughout North America. It is bright......
cotan (mathematics)
...of angles and their application to calculations. There are six functions of an angle commonly used in trigonometry. Their names and abbreviations are sine (sin), cosine (cos), tangent (tan), cotangent (cot), secant (sec), and cosecant (csc). These six trigonometric functions in relation to a right triangle are displayed in the figure. For example, the triangle......
Cotán, Juan Sánchez (Spanish painter)
painter who is considered one of the pioneers of Baroque realism in Spain. A profoundly religious man, he is best known for his still lifes, which in their visual harmony and illusion of depth convey a feeling of humility and mystic spirituality....
cotangent (mathematics)
...of angles and their application to calculations. There are six functions of an angle commonly used in trigonometry. Their names and abbreviations are sine (sin), cosine (cos), tangent (tan), cotangent (cot), secant (sec), and cosecant (csc). These six trigonometric functions in relation to a right triangle are displayed in the figure. For example, the triangle......
côte (geology)
...immediately surrounding Paris. The rocks of this basin are inclined gently toward Paris at the centre and present a series of outward-facing limestone (including chalk) escarpments (côtes) alternating with narrower clay vales. The côtes are breached by the Seine and its tributaries, which have made prominent gaps. As they converge upon Paris, the......
Côte d’Azur (region, France)
(French: “Coast of Azure”), cultural region in southeastern France encompassing the French Riviera (see Riviera) between Menton and Cannes in Alpes-Maritimes département and extending into southern Var département. The population is predominantly urban. Trad...
Côte de Beaune (district, France)
This district is divided in two parts, the Côte de Nuits just south of Dijon and the Côte de Beaune farther south. In the Côte de Nuits red wines are produced almost exclusively. In Côte de Beaune both red and white wines, including most of the best white Burgundies, are produced....
Côte de Jade (area, France)
...resorts such as Les Sables d’Olonne in Vendée, which is said to have one of the finest stretches of sand in France. The 17-mile (27-km) strip of coast south of the Loire estuary, known as Côte de Jade because of the green colour of the sea, is also dotted with tourist resorts. The world-famous Le Mans Grand Prix, an annual 24-hour sports car race, draws huge crowds each yea...
Côte de Nuits (district, France)
This district is divided in two parts, the Côte de Nuits just south of Dijon and the Côte de Beaune farther south. In the Côte de Nuits red wines are produced almost exclusively. In Côte de Beaune both red and white wines, including most of the best white Burgundies, are produced....
Côte d’Ivoire
country located on the coast of western Africa. The de facto capital is Abidjan; the administrative capital designate (since 1983) is Yamoussoukro....
Côte d’Ivoire, flag of
...
Côte d’Ivoire, history of
Abundant archaeological evidence confirms the presence of early humans in what is now Côte d’Ivoire. Groups in the north were drawn into the trans-Saharan trade networks of the Ghana and Mali empires. Islam arrived with Malinke merchants as trade expanded. Mali’s collapse in the 16th century resulted in a great upheaval that sent waves of migrants southward, where they founded...
Côte d’Ivoire: Year In Review 1993
A republic of West Africa, Côte d’Ivoire lies on the Gulf of Guinea. Area: 322,463 sq km (124,504 sq mi). Pop. (1993 est.): 13,459,000. Cap.: Abidjan; capital designate, Yamoussoukro. Monetary unit: CFA franc, with (Oct. 4, 1993) a par value of CFAF 50 to the French franc and a free rate of CFAF 283.25 to U.S. $1 (CFAF 429.12 = £1 sterling). Presidents in 1993, Félix Ho...
Côte d’Ivoire: Year In Review 1994
A republic of West Africa, Côte d’Ivoire lies on the Gulf of Guinea. Area: 322,463 sq km (124,504 sq mi). Pop. (1994 est.): 13,845,000. Cap.: Abidjan; capital designate, Yamoussoukro. Monetary unit: CFA franc, with (Oct. 7, 1994) a par value of CFAF 100 to the French franc and a free rate of CFAF 526.67 to U.S. $1 (CFAF 837.67 = £1 sterling). President in 1994, Henri Konan B...
Côte d’Ivoire: Year In Review 1995
A republic of West Africa, Côte d’Ivoire lies on the Gulf of Guinea. Area: 322,463 sq km (124,504 sq mi). Pop. (1995 est.): 14,253,000. Cap.: Abidjan; capital designate, Yamoussoukro. Monetary unit: CFA franc, with (Oct. 6, 1995) a par value of CFAF 100 to the French franc and a free rate of CFAF 501.49 to U.S. $1 (CFAF 792.78 = £1 sterling). President in 1995, Henri Konan B...
Côte d’Ivoire: Year In Review 1996
A republic of West Africa, Côte d’Ivoire lies on the Gulf of Guinea. Area: 322,463 sq km (124,504 sq mi). Pop. (1996 est.): 14,733,000. Cap.: Abidjan; capital designate, Yamoussoukro. Monetary unit: CFA franc, with (Oct. 11, 1996) a par value of CFAF 100 to the French franc and a free rate of CFAF 518.24 to U.S. $1 (CFAF 816.38 = £1 sterling). President in 1996, Henri Konan B...
Côte d’Ivoire: Year In Review 1997
Area: 322,463 sq km (124,504 sq mi)...
Côte d’Ivoire: Year In Review 1998
Area: 322,463 sq km (124,504 sq mi)...
Côte d’Ivoire: Year In Review 1999
On Dec. 24, 1999, retired Gen. Robert Gueï staged a bloodless military coup in Côte d’Ivoire that toppled Pres. Henri Konan Bédié, following a mutiny by soldiers who were demanding back wages and improved living conditions. Gueï established a 10-member ruling junta, and Bédié fled to Togo and was expected to seek refuge in France....
Côte d’Ivoire: Year In Review 2000
Brig. Gen. Robert Gueï, head of the military junta that overthrew Pres. Henri Konan Bédié in a bloodless coup on Christmas Eve 1999, was himself the target of a failed military assassination attempt on Sept. 18, 2000....
Côte d’Ivoire: Year In Review 2001
Political turmoil continued throughout 2001 in a nation that had once been hailed as a model of stability and tolerance. On January 7 disaffected soldiers occupied radio and television stations in the capital as part of an apparent military coup. Troops loyal to the government, however, regained control of the city after a night of heavy fight...
Côte d’Ivoire: Year In Review 2002
On Sept. 19, 2002, Gen. Robert Gueï (see Obituaries), the apparent mastermind behind an attempted coup in which at least 20 soldiers and civilians (including Côte d’Ivoire’s interior minister) lost their lives, was killed by loyalist government troops. The uprising, which involved about 750 soldiers who mutinied in Boua...
Côte d’Ivoire: Year In Review 2003
Attempts to end the civil war in what was once one of West Africa’s most stable nations met with limited success by the end 2003. The troubles had begun on Sept. 19, 2002, when 700 soldiers, supporters of former military strongman Robert Gueï who refused to be demobilized, mutinied. Forced from Abidjan, they quickly reassembled and designated themselves the ...
Côte d’Ivoire: Year In Review 2004
In 2004 Côte d’Ivoire remained effectively split in two as a result of the civil war that erupted in September 2002. Members of the rebellious New Force alliance (FN) continued to hold the north, while the government, assisted by 4,000 French troops and about 5,800 United Nations peacekeepers, controlled the ...
Côte d’Ivoire: Year In Review 2005
International efforts to reconcile and reunify Côte d’Ivoire met with little success in 2005. The January 2003 peace agreement between the government and rebel groups that controlled the north had not been implemented, and plans to hold legislative and presidential elections on October 30 seemed doomed. On September 9 UN Secretary-General Kofi Annan...
Côte d’Ivoire: Year In Review 2006
Armed men attacked two Ivorian military bases in Abidjan on Jan. 2, 2006; 10 people were killed. Three days later security forces shot dead three Burkinabe accused by local residents of backing the rebels in the north of the country. The same month, UN mediators called for the dissolution of the National Assembly as part of the peace plan. In response, support...
Côte d’Ivoire: Year In Review 2007
Promising steps were taken in 2007 toward unifying Côte d’ Ivoire, which had been divided after nearly five years of civil war. On March 4 at a meeting in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso, Ivoirian Pres. Laurent Gbagbo and New Forces (FN) leader Guillaume Soro signed a peace agreement that called for a new transitional government, pending presidential and legislative ...
Côte d’Ivoire: Year In Review 2008
Ten people who were arrested on Dec. 27, 2007, for having plotted to overthrow the government in Côte d’Ivoire were indicted on Jan. 18, 2008. The men allegedly were followers of the former leader of the New Forces, Ibrahim Coulibaly, who was living in exile in Benin....
Côte d’Ivoire: Year In Review 2009
Seven years after the civil war that divided Côte d’Ivoire in half (the rebel-held north and the government-controlled south), preparations were under way in 2009 for the long-awaited presidential elections, which were contingent on the reunification of the country. Progress in this direction was marked by the redeployment of 4,000 police to the north. Prime Minist...
Côte d’Ivoire: Year In Review 2010
After Côte d’Ivoire’s Pres. Laurent Gbagbo dissolved both his government and the independent electoral commission on Feb. 12, 2010, violent demonstrations spread to towns and cities across the country. On February 22, Burkina Faso’s Pres. Blaise Compaoré arrived in Abidjan to mediate the crisis. The next da...
Côte Sainte Catherine Lock (lock, Canada)
After Montreal Harbour the first lock is the St. Lambert, which rises 15 feet to the Laprairie Basin and proceeds 8.5 miles to the second Côte Ste. Catherine Lock, which rises 30 feet to Lake St. Louis and bypasses the Lachine Rapids. Thereafter, the channel runs to the lower Beauharnois Lock, which rises 41 feet to the level of Lake St. Francis via a 13-mile canal. Thirty miles farther,......
Côte-d’Or (department, France)
région of France encompassing the central départements of Côte-d’Or, Saône-et-Loire, Nièvre, and Yonne. Burgundy is bounded by the régions of Île-de-France and Champagne-Ardenne to the north, Franche-Comté to the east,......
Côte-d’Or, Prieur de la (French military engineer)
French military engineer who was a member of the Committee of Public Safety, which ruled Revolutionary France during the period of the Jacobin dictatorship (1793–94). He organized the manufacture and requisitioning of the weapons and munitions that were needed by the French for war with the European powers....
Côte-Saint-Luc (Quebec, Canada)
city, Montréal region, southern Quebec province, Canada, on Île-de-Montréal (Montreal Island). It is a western (mainly residential) suburb of Montreal city. The place-name was applied in the 17th century to hunting land that was held by the seigneurs of Île de Montréal. A farming settlement of 209 people was recorded in 1818....
Cotentin (peninsula, France)
Paratroopers from the U.S. 82nd and 101st airborne divisions were night-dropped inland on the Cotentin in order to support the amphibious assault at nearby Utah Beach. The drop zones for the 101st Division were labeled A, C, and D and were in the vicinity of roads leading from Utah Beach. Drop zone A was to the west of Saint-Martin-de-Varreville, while D and C were west and southwest of......
Cotentin, Anne-Hilarion de (French admiral)
French admiral, the outstanding commander of the period when Louis XIV’s navy was on the point of winning world supremacy....
coterie novel (literature)
The novel, unlike the poem, is a commercial commodity, and it lends itself less than the materials of literary magazines to that specialized appeal called coterie, intellectual or elitist. It sometimes happens that books directed at highly cultivated audiences—like Ulysses, Finnegans Wake, and Djuna Barnes’s Nightwood (1936)—achieve a wider response, sometimes be...
Cotes, Francis (English artist)
In the 1760s Francis Cotes was the most important fashionable London portrait painter after Reynolds and Gainsborough, a position succeeded to by George Romney, who, on returning to London from Italy in 1775, took over Cotes’s studio. Romney’s portraits deteriorated sadly in quality during the 1780s when the young Sir Thomas Lawrence began to make his mark....
Côtes Lorraines (region, Belgium)
Situated south of the Ardennes and cut off from the rest of the country, Côtes Lorraines is a series of hills with north-facing scarps. About half of it remains wooded; in the south lies a small region of iron ore deposits....
Côtes-d’Armor (department, France)
région of France encompassing the northwestern départements of Ille-et-Vilaine, Morbihan, Côtes-d’Armor, and Finistère. Brittany is bounded by the régions of Basse-Normandie to the northeast and Pays de la Loire to the east. It protrudes westwa...
Cothi, Lewis Glyn (Welsh poet)
Welsh bard whose work reflects an awakening of national consciousness among the Welsh....
Cothon, the (ancient artificial harbour)
...destroyed Carthage in 146 bc and a century later built a new city on the site, so that little is known of the physical appearance of the Phoenician city. The ancient artificial harbour—the Cothon—is represented today by two lagoons north of the bay of Al-Karm (El-Kram). In the 3rd century bc it had two parts, the outer rectangular part being for merchan...
cothurnus (theatre)
...and sensation, legions of spectacularly dressed soldiers were introduced to the tragedies. Costumes for tragedy were modeled on Greek styles; by Roman times the name cothurnus (from kothornos) had come to designate the tragic genre itself. Kings and queens in tragedies wore appropriate padding, tall wigs, and......
Cotillard, Marion (French actress)
French actress whose Academy Award-winning performance as Edith Piaf in La Môme (2007; also released as La Vie en rose) propelled her to international fame....
cotillion (dance)
late 18th-century and 19th-century French court dance, popular also in England. A precursor of the quadrille, the cotillion was danced by four couples standing in a square set. The first and third, then the second and fourth, couples executed various series of geometric figures....
cotillon (dance)
late 18th-century and 19th-century French court dance, popular also in England. A precursor of the quadrille, the cotillion was danced by four couples standing in a square set. The first and third, then the second and fourth, couples executed various series of geometric figures....
Cotinga amabilis (bird)
Examples of the more colourful Cotingidae are the light blue Cotinga amabilis, found from Mexico to Costa Rica, and the reddish lavender Xipholena punicea of the Guiana Highlands and Brazil. The Carpodectes nitidus of Central America is one of the few white tropical birds....
cotinga family (bird family)
bird family, of the order Passeriformes, collectively often called cotingas and including about 90 species, as presently classified. Many species are given common names pertaining to their voice or food habits or derived from native names: fruiteater, berryeater, mourner, bellbird, chatterer, piha, tityra. Many forms (Attila and relatives) are flycatcher-like in appearance and habits and ar...
Cotingidae (bird family)
bird family, of the order Passeriformes, collectively often called cotingas and including about 90 species, as presently classified. Many species are given common names pertaining to their voice or food habits or derived from native names: fruiteater, berryeater, mourner, bellbird, chatterer, piha, tityra. Many forms (Attila and relatives) are flycatcher-like in appearance and habits and ar...
Cotini (people)
The earliest known inhabitants of Moravia, situated to the east of Bohemia, were the Boii and the Cotini, another Celtic tribe. These were succeeded about 15–10 bce by the Germanic Quadi. The Germanic peoples were pushed back from the middle Danube by the coming of the Avars in 567 ce. The exact date of the arrival of the Slavs in Moravia, as in Bohemia, is uncer...
Cotinus (plant)
...of southwestern North America. It has sparse foliage and bears bluish violet flowers in terminal spikes. The name smoke tree is also applied to two species of small shrubby plants of the genus Cotinus within the cashew family (Anacardiaceae); one is native to Eurasia, the other to North America. Both have short-stalked leaves, yellow flowers, strong-smelling juice, and fleshy, lopsided.....
Cotinus coggygria (plant)
...yellow flowers, strong-smelling juice, and fleshy, lopsided fruits. The fruits are borne in long clusters with stalks from the sterile flowers; the clusters resemble smoke from a distance. Cotinus coggygria, the Eurasian species, has oval leaves; C. obovatus, the North American species, has wedge-shaped leaves and is sometimes called chittamwood....